2019年上海市某校三模英语试题一、语法填空1. Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The biggest house of cards, the longest tongue, and of course, the tallest man: these are among the thousands of records logged in the famous Guinness Book of Records. Created in 1955 after a debate 【小题1】 (concern) Europe's fastest game bird, 【小题2】 began as a marketing tool sold to pub landlords 【小题3】 (promote) Guinness, an Irish drink, became the bestselling copyright title of all time (a category that excludes books such as the Bibleand the Koran). In time, the book would sell 120 million copies in over 100 countries— quite a leap from its humble beginnings.In its early years, the book set its sights on 【小题4】 (satisfy) man's inborn curiosity about the natural world around him. Its two principal fact finders, twins Norris and Ross McWhirter, moved wildly around the globe to collect facts. It was their task to find and document aspects of life that can be sensed or observed, things that can be quantified or measured. But not just any things. They were only interested in superlatives: the biggest and the best. It was during this period 【小题5】 some of the remarkable Guinness Records were documented, answering such questions as "What is the brightest star?" and "What isthe biggest spider?"Once aware of the public's thirst for such knowledge, the book's authors began to branch out to cover increasingly doubtful, little-known facts. They started documenting human achievements as well. A forerunner for reality television, the Guinness Book gave people【小题6】 chance to become famous for accomplishing odd, often pointless tasks. Records were set in 1955 for consuming 24 raw eggs in 14 minutes and in 1981 for the fastest solving of a Rubik's Cube (which took a mere 38 seconds). In 1979 a man yodeled(用真假嗓音交替唱) non-stop for ten and a quarter hours.In its latest appearance, the book has found a new home on the internet. No longer 【小题7】(restrict) to the limits of physical paper, the Guinness World Records website contains seemingly innumerable facts concerning such topics as the most powerful combustion(燃烧) engine, or the world's longest train. What is striking, however, is that such facts are found sharing a page with the record of the heaviest train to be pulled 【小题8】 a beard. Originating as a simple bar book, the Guinness Book of Records 【小题9】 (evolve) over decades to provide insight into the full range of modern life. And although one may be 【小题10】 (likely) now to learn about the widest human mouth than the highest number of casualties in a single battle of the Civil War, the Guinness World Records website offers a telling glimpse into the future of fact-finding and record-recording.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文2.Gender equality has powerful potential to improve the economy, security and the overallwell-being of a population.“If the world closed the gender gap in workforce participation, global Gross Domestic Product would increase by 28 trillion dollars by 2025. That's about a quarter of the world's current GDP and almost half of the world's current debt,” said U. S. Ambassador-at-Large for Global Women's I ssues, Catherine Russell, in a recent speech. She also noted that “studies have found that countries with less gender inequality are more secure, and peace agreements last longer when women are at the negotiating table.”However, no country in the world ca n say that it has achieved full gender equality. “Around the world, women are vastly underrepresented in politics and the workforce particularly in leadership positions and other high-paying jobs,” said Ambassador Russell. At the same time, women account for the majority of the poor. It makes sense when you consider that women control just one-fifth of global wealth.“World leaders are beginning to recognize that everyone benefits from advancing gender equality,” s she said. This is why gender equality is p art of U. S. foreign policy. A key part of U. S. efforts focus on educating and empowering girls. In the past 18 months, the United States launched its global strategy to empower adolescent girls.“Gender equality sometimes looks like an impossible task—a pursuit without an end,” said Ambassador Russell. “But we can make progress, and that progress is worth making. Little by little, discussion by discussion, step by step, we can improve the lives of women and girls, men and boys all around the world. And by doing so, we can reach our shared goals of peace, economic success and security.（1）This article is mainly about______.A while gender equality is important in our daily life, it is hard to deal withB gender equality is part of U.S. foreign policyC all the world is working on the genderequality D it is a long way to empower women and the young girls（2）Which of the following statements is TRUE?A Only women and girls benefit from gender equality.B GDP is of great importance to a country's development,C It is harder for women to make progress inpolitics. D Gender equality is of little use in the worldwide security.（3）From this article, what do we know about gender equality?A It is impossible to reach gender equality.B Countries that are of more gender equality are safer.C The U. S. pays more attention to gender equality than before.D People can make big progress all at once on this challenge.（4）Where can you find the passage?A A sports magazine.B An entertainment programme.C A research report.D A story book.三、完形填空3. 完形填空Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Microsoft Corp founder Bill Gates caught people's eye in a recent interview, when he suggested that robots should be taxed in, order to help humans keep their jobs. Gates is only one of many people in the tech world who have worried about automation and its 1 to workers.It's easy to see why the tech world is 2. The rise of machine learning has increased the fear that 3 humans could simply become out of date--4, 3.5 million American truck drivers might soon find their jobs threatened by driverless trucks. Though in the past, technology usually complemented workers 5 replacing them, there's no law of nature saying the technology of the future will work the same. A few economists even claim that cheap automation has already 6 income from workers to company owners.Another 7 is that even if the mass of humanity ultimately does find new ways to add value by complementing new technology—to “race with the machines,” as economist Er ik Brynjofsson puts it—this transition could take a long time and hurt a lot of people. As Bloomberg View's Tyler Cowen has noted, wages in Britain fell for four decades at the start of the Industrial Revolution. More 8, we've seen very slow and painful adjustment to the impact of globalization. If the machine learning revolution hurts workers for 40 years before ultimately helping them, it might be worth it to 9 that revolution and give them time to adjust.The main argument against taxing the robots is that it might hold back 10. Growth in rich countries has slowed markedly in the past decade, suggesting that it's getting harder and harder to find new ways of doing things. Stagnating productivity, combined with falling business investment, suggests that 11 of new technology is currently too slow rather than too fast—the biggest problem right now isn't too many robots, it's too few. Taxing new technology, however it's done, could make that slowdown worse.The problem with Gate's basic proposal is that it's very hard to tell the difference between new technology that12 humans and new technology that replaces them. This is especially true over the long term. Power looms（织布机）replaced human weavers back in the Industrial Revolution. 13, people eventually became more productive, by learning to operate those looms. If taxes had slowed the development of power looms, the eventual improvements would have come later.This is a powerful argument 14 the taxation of automation. Gates is right to say that we should start thinking ahead of time about how to use policy to mitigate（缓和）the unintended consequences of automation. But given the importance of sustaining innovation, we should look at 15 policies.（1）A resistanceB threatC admissionD dedication（2）A frightenedB worriedC intolerantD offensive（3）A fewB severalC manyD any（4）A in other wordsB for exampleC of courseD by contrast（5）A in case ofB because ofC in face ofD instead of（6）A distractedB digestedC directedD disclosed（7）A fearB proposalC adjustmentD complement（8）A possiblyB recentlyC primarilyD technically（9）A slow…downB make…upC get…overD give…up（10）A modernismB availabilityC popularityD innovation（11）A persuasionB adoptionC interruptionD elimination（12）A complementsB engagesC invadesD matures（13）A HoweverB ThereforeC ConsequentlyD Furthermore（14）A fromB againstC byD besides（15）A uppermostB stimulatingC persistentD alternative四、阅读理解4. High above Earth, a multi-billion- dollar formation of communications satellites stands ready to instantly connect people like pilots and seamen to every available aid when they find themselves in emergency. But what if the communication computers on board these ships and aircrafts broke down? The world could go silent, and leave travelers looking for directions. Not worry. There is a backup plan, in part using technology that was invented in1835, the year Mark Twain was born. It’s the Morse code, the language of dots and dashes that has survived the “ attack” of higher techonology for a century and half.Named after its inventor, Samuel F B Morse, the code is a series of combinations of short and long tones(dots and dashes) representing letters of the alphabet that can be transmitted(方法送) manually by a key operator. A telegrapher combines the dots and dashes to form letters and words. It is a seemingly tiring procedure, but skilled operators can transmit and receive faster than most secretaries can type.Morse telegraphy may seem weird and out of fashion, with its brass sounder and key operated by the world’s most basic tool, the human fi nger. However, it is sometimes vital to worldwide communications. When the Mexico City earthquake occurred in 1985 and all the power went off, calls for help were transmitted in Morse by an amateur radio operator. “We see the Morse code as a dying art, but we refuse to let it die completely,” says Major General Leo M Childs, the US Army’s Chiefs Signal Officer. “ Newer isn’t always better. Even though it is old and slow, Morse is still the most reliable in difficult conditions.”Ever since Morse started the telegraph service in 1844, the death of Morse code has been predicted regularly. However, although the telegraph has receded from public view, experts say that they cannot envision an end to its use any time soon. “ I can carry a very small Morse key in my pocket and transmit around the world,” says Burke Stinson, a public relations man for American Telephone & Telegraph Co. “ I don’t think you will ever see the Morse code die. It is going to be difficult to find another method that is as flexible and reliable.”（1）Why does the writer mention the possibility of satellite-based communication systems failing?A To compare Morse to communication satellites.B To underlined the importance of a reliable alternative.C To suggest that satellite communications are unreliable.D To emphasize the weaknesses of satellites communications.（2）What can be learned about the process of communications using Morse Code?A It involved more than transmitting tones.B It is difficult even for experienced users.C It is not as laborious as people think.D It is simple enough for anyone who can type.（3）In the third paragraph, what does the writer imply about the use of Morse Code?A It attracts many enthusiasts thought old-fashioned.B It is most useful to the armed forces and some hobbyists.C It has been brought to life again by amateur radio operators.D It can be the only way to communicate during a crisis.（4）Which of the following might the best title of the passage?A Dots and Dashes Still AliveB A New Age for Morse CodeC The Evolution of Morse TelegraphyD Samuel F. B Morse : Father of the Morse Code5. Read the following passage about four apps.1. Start Walking PathThis app was created by the American Heart Association to encourage people to walk more to stay fit. It makes it easy for you to find or create and then share nice walks wherever you are. For example, imagine you take a walk through a park on your way home from work oneday. You can map your walk using this app and share it with your friends and coworkers so they can enjoy it too. Or you can search a new area to see if anyone else has posted a nice walk.2. Weigh What Matters.This app was created by the American Medical Association to make it easy for patients to set healthy goals and then keep track of their progress. The app tracks three areas: weight, nutrition, and physical activity. Users record what they weight, what they eat, and how much exercise they get. From this information, a progress report is created and emailed to the patient’s doctor. If patients are not getting enough exercise, their doctors can encourage them to work out more often.3. My Fitness PalThis app allows you to easily keep track of everything you eat and shows you the calories you are consuming. You can also keep track of or find recipes for healthy meals. And it has links to discussion boards where you can get support from other people who are trying to lose weight.4. Sleep CycleThis app watches you while you sleep. It then teaches you about your sleep patterns. You can then use the information to change your pattern if necessary in order that you can sleep better. Here’s how it works. You places your phone on your bed, near your pillow. Then just go to sleep—you phone keeps track of your movement and breathing during the night. It records this information in an easy-to- read graph that shows you how much you move and how often and when you wake up during the night. It also choose the best time to wake you up so that you have a peaceful start to your day.（1）What do the four apps have in common?A They are all apps to enable users to socialize.B They are all apps to help users become healthier.C They are all apps to ensure users have a good sleep.D They are all apps to encourage users to take exercise.（2）Which pair of apps allow users to record what they eat?A Start Walking Path and Weigh What MattersB Weigh What Matters and My Fitness PalC Sleep Cycle and Start Walking PathD My Fitness Pal and Sleep Cycle（3）Which of the following is a function of Sleep Cycle?A It can serve as an alarm clock.B It is connected to the user’s doctor.C It keeps track of the user’s brain activity.D It wakes the users up if he doesn’t sleep well6. At a conference recently, I heard the chief manager of a supermarket chain proudly claim that automatic checkout machines were improving the company's productivity．These machines have replaced traditional checkout equipment and their paid human operators with unpaid customer labour in scanning and bagging． The company's measured income per employee hour will certainly be rising． True productivity will not． Economic welfare in the round is reduced by the struggle we customers have with the still﹣imperfect new machines．This raises the question of what would be considered as a real productivity gain． The retail field made great progress in productivity during the 1990s, mainly thanks to the use ofthe new information and communication technologies in logistics（物流）． Perhaps automation has further to go in terms of delivering products to the supermarkets． But what would higher productivity look like? The answer might well lie with Amazon's experimental store, Amazon Go． Customers put what they want in their bags and walk through a turnstile（闸机）． A large number of cameras ﹣ and an algorithm（算法）﹣ watch them, add up their bill and charge it to them． There is no checkout process at all．This is spot﹣on． In many retail industries, higher productivity means faster service． There are many routine services where getting more for less requires less time to be spent performing them． This applies to parts of many fields of the economy． There are past examples think of the impact of the washing machine on doing the laundry or the ATMon taking money out of the bank but now we are seeing much more automation in new areas such as legal search, examination of medical tests and buying train tickets online． There is surely much further to go as artificial intelligence advances．In other types of service, the economically better outcome is likely to involve spending more time, not less, on the delivery of these non﹣routine services． Examples might include caring for a very sick patient in hospital, and preparing a special meal． Many existing fields will include both activities we want to see done faster and those which would be improved if they happened more slowly． In either case, time is the right productivity measure． The amount of money earned per hour spent on the service is going to become a decreasingly useful measure, at least for economists． For there is a question about whether or not the services are provided in the market by paid labor, or in the household ﹣ by our own, unpaid labor．Technology is also shifting this conventional boundary between what is considered to be part of the economy and what is not． As well as high street retailers foisting（把……强加于）some of their work on to us, certain formerly intermediated（需要中介的） activities are now done online at home, such as banking and booking a holiday． The time might come when clever algorithms are trained enough to enable us to do much more of the routine type of service activity for ourselves． Indeed, many of professional services from management consultancy to legal advice involve decision processes that can easily be arranged into a system．Businesses should apply this routine/fast and non﹣routine/slow lens （角度） to their activities to think about their productivity and, more importantly, how well they are serving their customers． Amazon has invested on a grand scale, and it shows: the company delivers a superb customer experience． If the Amazon Go technology works, will shoppers prefer to scan goods at a machine that constantly tells them about getting the bagging wrong or walk out of a store with no checkout at all?（1）Why does the author take the example of Amazon Go？________A To show what's the real productivity gain．B To introduce the new trend of servicein the retail field． C To show the new information and technologies inlogistics． D To show automation in delivering products to supermarkets．．（2）How does the author think of the further development of automation in the future？________A Disappointing．B Promising．C Unhealthy．D Unexpected．．（3）What can be inferred from Paragraph 5？________A Productivity matters in all types of service．B The income per hour becomes a more useful measure．C Time isn't a measure of productivity in routineservices． D Productivity isn't the most important thing in other types of service．．（4）What should businesses put as the first consideration according to the author？________A Greatly increasing their productivity．B Investing on a large scale intime． C Meeting the needs of their customers． D Combining routine and non﹣routine services．五、六选四7.Many people know that rubbish is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don't know is that junk（垃圾）has become a problem in outer space, too.According to BBC News, there are more than 22,000 pieces of space junk floating around the earth. And these are just the things that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes（望远镜）. There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can't see. Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds, so fast that even a small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship, it could damage the vehicle. To make things worse, when two objects in space crash, they break into many smaller pieces. For example, when a US satellite hit an old Russian rocket in 2009, it broke into more than 2,000 pieces, increasing the amount of space junk.To reduce additional space junk, countries have agreed that all new space tools can only stay in space for 25 years at most. Each tool must be built to fall safely into earth's atmosphere after that time. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.Many scientists are also suggesting different ways to clean up space junk. In England scientists are testing metal net that can be fired into space junk. The net catches the junk and then pulls it into the earth's atmosphere to bum up. The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk and bring them back to earth to be safely destroyed."The problem is becoming more challenging because we are sending more objects into space to help people use their mobile phones and computers," says Marco Castronuovo, an Italian space researcher."The time to act is now. The longer we have the problem, the bigger it will become," he says.（1）What does the underline word "these" in paragraph 2 refer to?A Telescopes.B Satellites.C BBC News reports.D Pieces of space junk.（2）Why is space junk considered a problem?A It buns up after it re-enters the atmosphere.B It may crash into other space toolscausing damage or death. C It often stops the view of telescopes on Earth. D It could force new space tools to travel at slower speeds.（3）Countries want future space tools to fall back into earth's atmosphere so that ________.A the tools can be reused laterB the earth's atmosphere can stay cleanC the tools don't become space junkD the effects of space flight can be studied（4）How do the Germans plan to deal with space junk?A Use robots to collect it.B Catch it with nets.C Bum it in the earth's atmosphere.D Send it further away from the earth.六、概要写作8. To a large degree, the measure of our peace of mind is determined by how much we are able to live in the present moment．In spite of what happened yesterday or last year, and wh at may or may not happen tomorrow, the present moment is where you are 一 always!Without question, many of us have mastered the sensitive art of spending much of our live s worrying about a variety of things 一 all at once．We allow past problems and future conce rns to dominate our present moments so much, so that we end up anxious, frustrated, depres sed, and hopeless．On the other hand, we also put off our satisfaction, our stated priorities （优先权）, and our happiness, often convincing ourselves that"someday"will be much better than today．Unfortunately, the same mental power that tells us to look toward the future will onl y repeat themselves so that"someday"never actually arrives．John Lennon once said, "Life is what's happening while we're busy making other plans．"When we're busy making"other pl ans", our children are busy growing up, the people we love are moving away and dying, our b odies are getting out of shape, and our dreams are slipping away．In short, we miss out on li fe．Many people live as if life were a dress rehearsal （彩排）for some later date．It isn't, in fact, no one has a guarantee that he or she will be here tomorr ow．Now is the only time we have, and the only time that we have any control over．When our attention is in the present moment, we push fear from our minds．Fear is the concern ov er events that might happen in the future-we won't have enough money, our children will get into trouble, we will get old and die, what ever．To overcome fear, the best strategy is to learn to bring your attention back to the present．Mark Twain said, "I have been through some terrible things in life, some of which actually ha ppened．I don't think I can say it any better．Practice keeping your attention on the here an d now．Your effort will pay great dividends．"（1）The purpose of this passage is to tell readers________．A people who are busy making plans are living actively．B how to help others overcom e fear．C we ought to learn to live in the present moment．D someone who only enjoys the present time usually wastes his time blindly．（2）Why are some people depressed and anxious day and night？________A Because they fear they cannot pass their tests．B Because past problems and future c oncerns dominate their present moment．C Because the people they love want to leave them alone．D Because they make some mistakes in the past．（3）By using what John Lennon said，the writer intends to________．A advise people to fix their attention on the present life．B remind people to make good plans for their future． C warn people that their children are growing up． D remi nd people that their bodies are out of shape．（4）In the writer's eyes，"fear"is the________．A concern over past problems．B attention on the present．C worry about what m ight happen in the future．D anxiety about dress rehearsal．（5）The underlined word"Dividends"in the last paragraph means________．A divisions of your happier and misery life．B difference between your current state of mind and what you were．C money．D benefits in return for your efforts．七、汉译英9. Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.（1）暴饮暴食被一些人认为是缓解工作压力的手段。
