自考高级英语上册Lesson 5

Paraphrase1. … it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke (para 1 )2. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills. (para 3)3. They have taken as their model a brick set on end. (para 3)4. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. (para 3)5. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. (para 4)6. Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity. ( para 4)7. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. (para 5)8. They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become almost diabolical. (para5)9. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. (para 6)10. On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly (para 7)11. They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands. (para 7)12. Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth. (para 9)参考答案1. This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.2. The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.3. The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.4. These brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.5. When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg.6. Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.7. I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying.8. They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked./ When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself.9. It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.10. People in certain strata of American society seem definitely to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Christian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.11. These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot understand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this type of mind.12. The place where this psychological attitude is found is the United States.Translation1. 上海世博会的文化多样性是世界上有史以来最为丰富的。

Lesson 2: Four Choices for Young People在毕业前不久，斯坦福大学四年级主席吉姆?宾司给我写了一封信，信中谈及他的一些不安。

Shortly before his graduation, Jim Binns, president of the senior class at Stanford University, wrote me about some of his misgivings.他写道：“与其他任何一代人相比，我们这一代人在看待成人世界时抱有更大的疑虑……同时越来越倾向于全盘否定成人世界。

”“More than any other generation,‖ he said, ―our generation views the adult world with great skepticism… there is also an increased tendency to reject completely that world.‖很明显，他的话代表了许多同龄人的看法。

Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries.在过去的几年里，我倾听过许多年轻人的谈话，他们有的还在大学读书，有的已经毕业，他们对于成人的世界同样感到不安。

During the last few years, I have listened to scores of young people, in college and out, who were just as nervous about the grown world.大致来说，他们的态度可归纳如下：“这个世界乱糟糟的，到处充满了不平等、贫困和战争。

对此该负责的大概应是那些管理这个世界的成年人吧。

如果他们不能做得比这些更好，他们又能拿什么来教育我们呢？这样的教导，我们根本不需要。

Lesson Five Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U. S. S. R.I. Words and Phrases:P11 to find and gather together people, animals or things:The cattle are rounded up in the evenings.2 if police or soldiers round up a group of people, they find them and arrest or capture them:A number of suspects were rounded up and questioned.—related noun round-up指望Don’t count on me.别指望我帮你的忙。

You can’t count on the weather being fine.你不能指望天气晴好。

We can't count on him telling the truth.我们不能指望他说实话。

P4 Hitler was counting onTo enlist s omebody’s help, support, sympathy, etc: to persuade somebody to help you, support you, or to show sympathy to you.Make utmost effort全力以赴，竭尽全力To the effect that: with the general meaning that 大意是说~ of sth completely lacking in sth. 毫无.From/ for/ since time immemorial(an old fashioned idiom) beyond the reach of one’s memory; over a period of time longer than anyone can remember.P8 …for the safety of their loved ones, the return of the bread~ (of sth) a person who fights for, or speaks in support of, a group of people or a belief:She was a champion of equal rights for women.她是争取妇女平权的斗士。

I'd Rather Be Black than FemaleBeing the first black woman elected to Congress has made me some kind of phenomenon1. There are nine other blacks in Congress; there are ten other women. I was the first to overcome both handicaps at once2. Of the two handicaps, being black is much less of a drawback than being female.If I said that being black is a greater handicap than being a woman, probably no one would question me3. Why? Because “we all know”there is prejudice against4black people in America. That there is prejudice against women is an idea that still strikes5nearly all men -- and, I am afraid, most women -- as bizarre.Prejudice against blacks was invisible to most white Americans for many years. When blacks finally started to “mention”it, withsit-ins, boycotts, and freedom rides, Americans were incredulous. “Who, us?” they asked in injured tones. “We're prejudiced?” It was the start of a long, painful reeducation for white America. It will take years for whites -- including those who think of themselves as liberals -- to discover and eliminate the racist attitudes they all actually have.How much harder will it be to eliminate the prejudice against women? I am sure it will be a longer struggle. Part of the problem is that women in America are much more brainwashed and content with 6their roles as second - class citizens7than blacks ever were.Let me explain. I have been active in politics8for more than twenty years. For all but the last six9, I have done the work -- all the tedious details that make the difference between victory and defeat on Election Day - while men reaped the rewards, which is almost invariably the lot of women in politics.It is still women-about three million volunteers -- who do most ofthis work in the American political world. The best any of them can hope for10is the honor of being district or county vice-chairman, a kind of separate-but-equal11position with which a woman is rewarded for years of faithful envelope stuffing and card-party organizing. In such a job, she gets a number of free trips to state and sometimes national meetings and conventions, where her role is supposed to12be to vote the way her male chairman votes.When I tried to break out of13that role in 1963 and run for the New York State Assembly seat from Brooklyn's Bedford-Stuyvesant, the resistance was bitter. From the start of that campaign, I faced undisguised hostility because of my sex.But it was four years later, when I ran for Congress, that the question of my sex became a major issue. Among members of my own party, closed meetings were held to discuss ways of stopping me.My opponent, the famous civil-rights leader James Farmer, tried to project a black, masculine image; he toured the neighborhood withsound trucks filled with young men wearing Afro haircuts, dashikis, and beards. While the television crews ignored me, they were not aware of a very important statistic, which both I and my campaign manager, Wesley MacD. Holder, knew. In my district there are 2.5 women for every man registered to vote. And those women are organized -- in PTAs, church societies, card clubs, and other social and service groups I went to them and asked their help. Mr. Farmer still doesn't quite know what hit him.When a bright young woman graduate starts looking for a job, why is the first question always; “Can you type?”A history of prejudice lies behind that question. Why are women thought of as secretaries, not administrators? Librarians and teachers, but not doctors and lawyers? Because they are thought of as14different and inferior. The happy homemaker and the contented darky are both stereotypes produced by prejudice.Women have not even reached the level of tokenism that blacksare reaching. No women sit on the Supreme Court. Only two have held Cabinet rank, and none do at present. Only two women hold ambassadorial rank. But women predominate in the lower-paying, menial, unrewarding, dead-end jobs, and when they do reach better positions, they are invariably paid less than15a man for the same job.If that is not prejudice, what would you call it?A few years ago, I was talking with a political leader about a promising young woman as a candidate. “Why invest time and effort to build the girl up?” he asked me. “You know she’ll only drop out of16the game to have a couple of kids just about the time we’re ready to run her for mayor.”Plenty of people have said similar things about me. Plenty of others have advised me, every time, I tried to take another upward step17, that I should go back to teaching, a woman’s vocation and leave18politics to the men. I love teaching, and I am ready to goback to it as soon as I am convinced that19this country no longer20 needs a women's contribution.When there are no children going to bed hungry in this rich nation, I may be ready to go back to teaching. When there is a good school for every child, I may be ready. When we do not spend our wealth on hardware to murder people, when we no longer tolerate prejudice against minorities, and when the laws against unfair housing and unfair employment practices are enforced instead of evaded, then there may be nothing more for me to do in politics.But until that happens -- and we all know it will not be this year or next -- what we need is more women in politics, because we have a very special contribution to make. I hope that the example of my success will convince other women to get into politics -- and not just to stuff envelopes21, but to run for22office.It is women who can bring empathy, tolerance, insight, patience, and persistence to government -- the qualities23we naturally have orhave had to develop because of our suppression by men. The women of a nation mold24its morals, its religion, and its politics by the lives they live. At present, our country needs women’s idealism and determination, perhaps more in politics than anywhere else.1 to make sb some kind of phenomenon 使某人成为不寻常的人2 at once同时3question me 置疑我4prejudice against 对...偏见5strike表示迎头一击6content with 满足于...7second - class citizens 二等公民8active in politics 活跃在政治界9For all but the last six 除了最后的那六年10hope for 希望, 期待11separate-but-equal 隔离但平等12be supposed to 应该, 被期望13break out of 摆脱(束缚等)14think of as 把...看作15less than 小于, 决不16drop out of 不参与,退出17take another upward step 再前进一步18leave to 留某事给...处理19be convinced that 确信，承认20no longer不再21stuff envelopes 装信封22run for 竞选, 赶快去请23To develop qualify 发展品质24To mold morals 塑造道德C.1、D on’t overlook the job of a secretary. It makes the difference between failure and success for the company.2、T he newly-launched satellite is expected to obtain data on solar radiation, sky brightness and other important phenomena.3、H ow can you be content do such menial tasks as washing dishes here in the States?4、A prejudice is a judgement formed before examining the evidence.5、W e all listen to music according to our separate capacities.6、K nowledge will always predominate over ignorance.7、W hen this corporation entered the Chinese market 8 years ago, it aimed to occupy a larger market share rather than tomake profit in the short run.8、O f all the animals, the ape is thought of as the most forgiving animal.D.1、H is story of having discovered the treasure buried by some pirates seemed incredible to everyone.2、“But the piano is out of tune,”she said in a disappointed tone.3、H er friends expressed great sympathy to her when her mother died.4、T hey are now enjoying a short vacation at the seashore.5、A contented person is one who is happy with what he has.6、A ll the streets will be illuminated tomorrow evening for thecelebration.7、H er persistence in wearing that old-fashioned hat surprisedher husband.8、T he effect of the officer’s speech was such that the armyrecovered its morale at once.F.美国妇女对美国的发展做出的重要贡献，但她们却一直受到各种形式的性别歧视。

高级英语第一册lesson5 Speech on Hitler's Invasion of the U.S.S.R.补充练习2007年01月01日星期一下午10:37《高级英语》第一册练习Lesson 5Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.RⅠ. Word explanation1. convictionA. conventionB. well established factC. the state of being convincedD. certainly2. consultA. adviceB. suggestC. look upD. go to a person3. privateA. personB. one's ownC. previousD. preserve4. count onA. depend onB. expectC. take into accountD. all of5. enlistA. win overB. attractiveC. obtainD. both A and C6. meansA. unkindB. to representC. averageD. method7. onslaughtA. invasionB. aggressionC. fierce attackD. annexation8. cataractA. cataclysmB. waterfallC. disasterD. flood9. preyA. sth. killedB. speak to GodC. pleaseD. enemy10. allyA. join or uniteB. without the company of othersC. the centre of sth.D. volunteer11. fortifyA. multiply by fortyB. strengthenC. a strongholdD. fortress12. doomA. graveB. sepulchralC. terrible fateD. barge13. preludeA. introductory movementB. to lure in advanceC. tyrantD. steadfast14. interveneA. invadeB. aggressionC. intermezzoD. interfere15. ferociousA. brutishly violentB. attacking on purposeC. benign situationD. obedient16. presentlyA. right awayB. nowC. deliverD. gift17. portionA. porkB. partC. portD. proper18. hordeA. classB. squadC. companyD. throng19. primordialA. primeB. introductoryC. primitiveD. element20. smartA. painfulB. wisdomC. foeD. folly21. vestigeA. traceB. vestC. investD. privilege22. resolveA. solveB. settleC. revolveD. determine23. accomplishA. accompanyB. achieveC. complimentD. complement24. distinctionA. distinctB. distinguishedC. differenceD. instinct25. rescueA. recoverB. queueC. obscureD. obscureⅡ. Replace each underlined part with one word learnt in the text, the first letter of which is given:1. Pressures made him go back to his old habit of smoking.r2. The teacher wrote his remark of the composition in the margin. c3. The lecture has been put off till next Friday.p4. She still suffered in mindunder his unkind words.s5. The men threw their spears at the enemy.h6. I earnestly hope that you will agree with me on this issue. c7. Don't trust him, he is as clever as a fox. c8. He came to America as a poor immigrant but soon got rich as a merchant.p9. It is not our aim to conquer our foe, we are interested only in establishing peaceful relations.s10. The fine for spitting on the street is 5 yuan. pⅢ. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the following words or expressions in its proper form. Ea ch word or expression is to be used only once.appeal to, be true of, count on, devoid of,fresh from, in due course, issue, on the contrary, rid...of, round up, thereby, to that effect1. The great today is whether there will be war or peace.2. The sheepdog the sheep and drove them through the gate.3. Our team is you to win the match, Joe.4. As "due to", "prior to" can never begin a sentence.5. He finished first in the race, winning the championship for his school.6. She called him a villain or words .7. Sound waves can not travel through a space air.8. These are eggs the hen, not preserved ones.9. I will answer all your questions .10. His speech did not the head so much as to the heart.Ⅴ. Reading comprehension.1. The sentence “I asked that notice should immediately be given that I would broadcast at 9 o’clo ck that night” means that:A. I noticed that I should deliver a speech at 9 that night.B. I asked them to notice me giving a speech at 9 that night.C. that I was to give a speech at 9 that night should be noticed.D. the BBC should be informed that the P.M. would deliver a speech at 9 that night.2. The sentence “I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.” means:A. The Russian Army was broken up into small groups and would be captured one after anothe r by the Germans.B. The Germans came into Russia like hordes of beasts, surrounding and capturing many cities .C. The Russian army would line up to form a circle so as to surround the GermansD. The German army would line up to form a circle so as to surround the Russians.3. The sentence “it is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination” can be understood as:A. Hitler and his regime were greedy and wanted to surpass other nations.B. For Hitler and his gang, nothing could be considered as ideal or guiding principle. The conq uest of and rule over other nations was the strongest desire in them.C. The only thing that Hitler and his gang wanted was to be better than other nations.D. Hitler and his regime had conquered many other nations and this was very bad.4. According to the speech, Hitler had believed that his attack on the USSR would:A. cause conflicts between the United States and Great Britain.B. ignite sympathy from the right wing of the western countries.C. make the United States retreat from the war.D. lead to a conclusion of the war.5. According to the text, the final act of Hitler’s aggression was to:A. defeat his enemy one by one.B. make the whole western hemisphere subject to his rule.C. completely destroy the USSR.D. free the Russians from communist rule.第一册第5课练习答案1-1: /答案:B1-2: /答案:C1-3: /答案:B1-4: /答案:D1-5: /答案:D1-6: /答案:D1-7: /答案:C1-8: /答案:B1-9: /答案:A1-10: /答案:A1-11: /答案:B1-12: /答案:C1-13: /答案:A1-14: /答案:D1-15: /答案:A1-16: /答案:A1-17: /答案:B1-18: /答案:D1-19: /答案:C1-20: /答案:A1-21: /答案:A1-22: /答案:D1-23: /答案:B1-24: /答案:C1-25: /答案:D2-1: /答案: revert2-2: /答案: comment2-3: /答案:postponed2-4: /答案:smarted2-5: /答案: hurled2-6: /答案: concur2-7: /答案:crafty2-8: /答案:prospered2-9: /答案:subjugate2-10: /答案:penalty3-1: /答案: issue3-2: /答案:rounded up 3-3: /答案: counting on 3-4: /答案: is true of3-5: /答案:thereby3-6: /答案: to that effect 3-7: /答案: devoid of3-8: /答案: fresh from 3-9: /答案:in due course 3-10: /答案:appeal to4-1: /答案:D 4-2: /答案:A 4-3: /答案:B 4-4: /答案:B 4-5: /答案:B。

课文翻译第五课关于希特勒入侵苏联的讲话温斯顿•邱吉尔________________________________________二十二日星期天早晨，我一醒来便接到了希特勒入侵苏联的消息。

这就使原先意料中的事变成了无可怀疑的事实。

我完全清楚我们对此应该承担何种义务，采取何种政策。

我也完全清楚该如何就此事发表声明。

尚待完成的只不过是将这一切形成文字而已。

于是，我吩咐有关部门立即发表通告，我将于当晚九点钟发表广播讲话。

不一会儿，匆匆从伦敦赶到的迪尔将军走进我的卧室，为我带来了详细情报。

德国人已大规模入侵苏联，苏联空军部队有很大一部分飞机都没来得及起飞便遭到德军的突袭。

德军目前似乎正以凌厉的攻势极为迅猛地向前推进。

这位皇家军队总参谋长报告完毕后又补了一句，“我估计他们将会大批地被包围。

” 一整天我都在写讲稿，根本没有时间去找战时内阁进行磋商，也没有必要这样做。

我知道我们大家在这个问题上的立场是完全一致的。

艾登先生、比弗布鲁克勋爵，还有斯塔福德•克里普斯爵士——他是十号离开莫斯科回国的——那天也同我在一起。

那个周末值班的是我的私人秘书科维尔先生。

由他执笔记述的下面这段关于那个星期天里切克尔斯首相官邸发生的情况的文字，也许值得一提：“六月二十一日，星期六。

晚饭前我来到切克尔斯首相官邸。

怀南特夫妇、艾登夫妇和爱德华•布里奇斯等几位均在那儿。

晚饭席上，邱吉尔先生说，德国人人侵苏联已是必然无疑的了。

他认为希特勒是想指望博取英美两国的资本家和右冀势力的同情和支持。

不过，希特勒的如意算盘打错了。

我们英国将会全力以赴援助苏联。

维南特表示美国也会采取同样的态度。

晚饭后，当我同邱吉尔先生在槌球场上散步时，他又一次谈到了这一话题。

我当时问他，对于他这个头号反共大将来说，这种态度是否意味着改变自己的政治立场。

…绝非如此。

我现在的目标只有一个，即消灭希特勒。

这使我的生活单纯多了。

假使希特勒入侵地狱，我至少会在下议院替魔鬼说几句好话的。

高级英语上册课文5（知识点+课后练习答案）Speech on Hitler's Invasion of the U.S.S.R.Winston S .ChurchillWhen I awoke on the morning of Sunday, the 22nd, the news was brought to meof Hitler's invasion of Russia. This changedconviction into certainty. I had not the slightest doubt where our duty and our policy lay.Nor indeed what to say. There only remained the task of composing it. I asked that notice should immediately be given that I wouldbroad-cast at 9 o' clock that night. PresentlyGeneral Dill, who had hastened down fromLondon, came into my bedroom with detailed news. The Germans had invaded Russia on an enormous front, ha d surprised a large portion of the Soviet Air Force grounded on the air fields, and seemed to be driving forward with great rapidity and violen ce. The Chief of the ImperialGeneral Staff added, "I suppose they wil l be rounded up in hordes ."I spent the day composing my statement. There was not time to cons ult the War Cabinet, nor was it necessary. I knew that we all felt the s ame on this issue. Mr. Eden, Lord Beaverbrook, and Sir Stafford Crip ps – he had left Moscow on the 10th – were also with me during the d ay.The following account of this Sunday at Chequers by my Private Secr etary, Mr. Colville, who was on duty this weekend, may be of interest: "On Saturday, June 21, I went down to Chequers just before dinner. Mr. and Mrs. Winant, Mr. and Mrs. Eden, and Edward Bridges were s taying. During dinner Mr. Churchill said that a German attack on Rus sia was now certain, and he thought that Hitler was counting on enli sting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U. S. A. Hitler was, however, wrong and we should go all out to help Ru ssia. Winant said the same would be true of the U. S. A.After dinner, when I was walking on the croquet lawn with Mr. Church ill, he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch an ti-Communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon. Mr . Churchill replied, "Not at all. I have only one purpose, the destructio n of Hitler, and my life is much simplified thereby. It Hitler invaded H ell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the H ouse of Commons. 'I was awoken at 4 a. m. the following morning by a telephone messa ge from the F. O. to the effect that Germany had attacked Russia. Th e P. M. had always said that he was never to be woken up for anythin g but Invasion (of England). I therefore postponed telling him till 8 am . His only comment was, 'Tell the B.B.C. I will broadcast at 9 to – nigh t. 'He began to prepare the speech at11a. m., and except for lunche on（= lunch）, at which Sir Stafford Cripps, Lord Cranborne, and Lord Beaverbrook were present, he devoted the whole day to it… The spe ech was only ready at twenty minutes to nine."In this broadcast I said:"The Nazi regime is indistinguishable from the worst features of Co mmunism. It is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination. It excels all forms of human wickedness in the effi ciency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression. No one has been a m ore consistent consistent opponent of Communism than I have for th e last twenty - five years. I will unsay no word that I have spoken abo ut it. But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfoldi ng. The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes awa y. I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time im memorial . I see them guarding their homes where mothers and wive s pray - ah, yes, for there are times when all pray – for the safety of t heir loved ones, the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of t heir protector. I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the me ans of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there ar e still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play.I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war ma chine, with its clanking , heel-clicking,dandified Prussian officers, it s crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down of a d ozen countries. I see also the dull, drilled, docile , brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. I seethe German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smartingfrom man y a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier a nd a safer prey."Behind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that small group of v illainous men who plan, organise, and launch this cataract of horror s upon mankind..."I have to declare the decision of His Majesty's Government - and I fe el sure it is a decision in which the great Dominions will in due conc ur – for we must speak out now at once, without a day's delay. I have to make the declaration, but can you doubt what our policy will be? We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. We are re solved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime. From t his nothing will turn us –nothing. We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, w e shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God's help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples fr om his yoke. Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will ha ve our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe... Tha t is our policy and that is our declaration. It follows therefore that we s hall give whatever help we can to Russia and the Russian people. W e shall appeal to all our friends and allies in every part of the world to take the same course and pursue it, as we shall faithfully and stead fastly to the end...."This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, cr eed, or party. It is not for me to speak of the action of the United States, but this I will say：if Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia will cause the slight est divergence of aims or slackening of effort in thegreat democrac ies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mistaken. On th e contrary, we shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts to rescu e mankind from his tyranny. We shall be strengthened and not weak ened in determination and in resources."This is no time to moralise on the follies of countries and Governmen ts which have allowed themselves to be struck down one by one, when by united action they could have saved themselves and saved the world from this tyranny. But when I spoke a few minutes ago of Hitle r's blood-lust and the hateful appetites which have impelled or lure d him on his Russian adventure I said there was one deeper motive b ehind his outrage. He wishes to destroy the Russian power because he hopes that if he succeeds in this he will be able to bring back the main strength of his Army and Air Force from the East and hurl it upo n this Island, which he knows he must conquer or suffer the penalty of his crimes. His invasion of Russia is no more than a penalty to an attempted invasion of the British Isles. He hopes, no doubt, that all thi s may be accomplished before the winter comes, and that he can ove rwhelm Great Britain before the Fleet and air-power of the United Sta tes may intervene. He hopes that he may once again repeat, upon a greater scale than ever before, that process of destroying his enemie s one by one by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and tha t then the scene will be clear for the final act, without which all his con quests would be in vain – namely, the subjugation P of the Western Hemisphere to his will and to his system."The Russian danger is therefore our danger, and the danger of the United States, just as the cause of any Russian fighting forhis heart h ）and home is the cause of free men and free peoples in every quarter of the globe. Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel ex perience. Let us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strengt h while life and power remain. "(from an American radio program presented by Ed Kay) NOTES1) Sir Winston Spencer Churchill (1874 - 1965): Prime Ministe r, First Lord of the Treasury, and Minister of Defense (1940 – 45), led Britain from near defeat to victory in World War II; Leader of the Opposition (1945 –51); Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury (Oct. 1951 – April 1955); retired 1955; his best known book, The Second World War.2) General Dill: Sir John Green Dill (1881- 1944), British fi eld marshal, Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1940 - 41), a member of the joint Anglo-American board of strategy (1941 - 44)3) Eden: Robert Anthony Eden, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1935– 38, 1940 – 45), for Dominion Affairs (1939 – 40), and for War (1940). From 1942 to 1945 he was leader of the House of Commons. He was Prime Minister from 1955 to 1957.4) Lord Beaverbrook: In World War II, he was Minister of Airc raft Production (1940 - 41), of State (1941), and of Supply ( 1941 - 42), British representative (Feb. 1942) in America for the supervision of British supply agencies.5) Sir Stafford Cripps: British Ambassador to Moscow (1940 - 42)6) Chequers: a historic Tudor mansion in Buckinghamshire, 35 miles NW of London; presented to the government by Lordand L ady Lee of Fareham 1917; the official country seat of the pri me minister of Great Britain7) Colville: Churchill's private secretary8) Winant: John Gilbert Winant (1889 - 1947), American govern ment official and diplomat; U. S. ambassador to Great Britain(1941 - 46)9) Edward Bridges: Secretary of the Cabinet (1938-– 46)10) to bow down in the House of Rimmon: outward conformity wi th conventional religion or custom, practised with mental res ervation for political purposes; Rimmon, deity worshipped by Syrians of Damascus (Bible, II Kings, v. 18)11) F. O.: Foreign Office12) P. M.: Prime Minister13) Lord Cranborne: 5th Marquis of Salisbury, Secretary of St ate for Dominion Affairs14) Hun: term of contempt applied to German soldiers especial ly in World War I15) Dominion: a self-governing member of the British Commonwe alth of Nations16) British Empire: The United Kingdom plus her colonies and protectorates17) Commonwealth of Nations: The United Kingdom plus her form er colonies but now independent nations and a member of the B ritish Commonwealth of Nations背景知识Speech on Hitler's Invasion of the U.S.S.R.Background informationU.S.S.R.: the Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsWorld War II: (1937 / 1939 -1945)The conflict resulted from the rise of totalitarian, fascism in Germa n, Japan and ItalyJuly 7. 1937Japan invaded Central China.Sep. 1938Munich Pact, which sacrificed much of Czechoslovakia to GermanyAug. 1939Russia-Germany non-aggression pactSept. 1, 1939German invasion of PolandSept. 3, 1939France and Britain declared war on Germany, officially beginning Worl d War IIJune 22, 1940France surrendered.Aug-Oct. 1940The Battle of Britain (2,300 to 900)Jun 22. 1941German invasion of the Soviet Union.Dec. 7, 1941Pearl HarbourSept. 1943the Allies conquered Sicily and South Italy. Italy surrendered.May 7. 1945Germany surrendered unconditionally.Aug. 14, 1945Japan announced its surrender.Background Information:Adolph Hitler, (1889 - 1945) founder and leader of theNational Socia list German Workers‘ Party, was born an Austrian.1920 the Nazi Party1933 Chancellor1934the union of the presidency and chancellorship in Hitler's person, the FührerTHE THIRD REICH1944an assassination attemptApril 29, 1945married his long-time mistress, Eva BraunApril 30, 1945committed suicideMEIN KAMPT - My StruggleAryan's SuperiorityNazi: National sozialistthe National Socialist German Workers' PartyElite Corps, black guards党卫军、黑衫党GESTAPO: secret state policeBLITZ: lightning warSwastikaCHURCHILLSir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (Nov. 30, 1874 - Jan. 24, 1965) May 1940 - May 1945 first tenure as P.M.Oct. 1951 - Jan. 1955 second tenure as P.M.1953 knightedSir Winston Churchill1953 the Nobel Prize in Literature1955 refusing the title of dukeDetailed Study of the Text1. Speech, address, oration, lecture, talkspeech: a public speech irrespective (without regard) to its quality or its degree of preparation or of the quality of its speaker or au dience or of its aim (as to influence, instruct, or entertain) address: It implies formality and usually careful preparation, and o ften connotes distinction in the speaker or gives emphasis to the im portance of the speech.The president is scheduled to deliver three addresses on his trip.oration: formal and solemn public speech. It suggests eloquence, rhe torical style, and usu. a dignified but sometimes high-flown or long -winded appeal to the emotions of a large audience or assembly.lecture: It often implies reading. It commonly designates a carefull y prepared speech on a special topic intended to give information an d instruction to a group of students.talk: It stresses informality. It may be used to designate either a lecture or an address when the speaker wishes to emphasize his desir e to speak directly and simply to his audience as individuals.2. awaken (awakened, awakened)awake (awoke, awoke; awaked, awaked)wake (waked, waked; woke, woken)waken (wakened, wakened)The four words are very similar in usage. All can be used as vt, and vi.I woke (up) / wakened / awoke / awakened at 7 this morning.Please wake / waken me (up) at seven.The noise awoke me.A knock on the door awakened her.a. The most common and the least formal is WAKE.b. It may be better to use WAKEN, AWAKEN as transitive verbs. Theref ore they are most likely to be used in the passive voice. I was wake ned by their shouts.I was awakened by the song of the birds.c. AWAKE and AWAKEN are used somewhat more frequently in a figurativ e sense.This at once awakened suspicion.The national spirit awoke / was awakened.d. AWAKE can be used as an adj. meaning "not asleep".Is he awake yet?I lay awake for about ten minutes.3. conviction: a very firm and sincere beliefcertainty: clearly established factConviction usu. implies previous doubt or uncertainty. It stresses o ne's objective reaction to evidence rather than the objective validi ty of evidence itself. Therefore it commonly applied to the state of mind of one who has been in the process of being convinced.I speak in the full conviction that our cause is just.It's my conviction that you didn't try hard enough.His political convictions are radical.It's a certainty that this horse will win in the race.After three days, our victory became a certainty.4. doubt:1) to be uncertain2)to mistrustdoubt + noun (pron.)I doubt the truth of it. (1)我怀疑这事是真还是假。

Lesson Five I'd Rather Be Black than Female Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1CongressThe American congress consists of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representative (参议院和众议院) 2Being the first black woman elected to Congress has made me some kind of phenomenon.Being the first black woman elected to Congress has made me quite an extraordinary person.3That there is prejudice against women is an idea that still strikes nearly all men - and, I am afraid, most women - as bizarre.strike sb as bizarre means make sb feel surprised, can be translated as: 使某人感到很奇怪。

歧视妇女的说法会使几乎所有的男人－－恐怕还有多数妇女－－感到莫名其妙。

4Prejudice against blacks was invisible to most white Americans for many years.Prejudice against blacks was taken for granted, therefore unnoticed by many white Americans.5When black finally started to "mention" it…"mention" here refers to the use of action to fight against prejudice against blacks.6"Who, us?" they asked in injured tones. "We're prejudiced?"American whites asked in a tone as if there were unfairly blamed for being prejudiced against blacks and thus felt hurt.7For all but the last six, I have done the work-all the tedious details that make the difference between victory and defeat onelection day-while men reaped the rewards, which is almost invariably the lot of women in politics.Except for the last six years, I have done all the boring routine jobs that can determine the outcome of an election while men got the rewards, that is, got elected.the lot: a person's fortune or destiny 命运除了最后六年，我所做的工作一直非常乏味，只是些在大选那天决定胜负的琐事。

Lesson Five I'd Rahther Be Black than Femaleother than = except or notrather than宁愿……而不……Racial discrimination and sexual prejudice are the two main problems in American society.Words and Expressionsambassadorial大使的，大使一级的ambassador to 某国的大使 ambassador to China中国大使assembly（美国的）州议会；议会convention（定期）大会；dead-end毫无前途的；死胡同的a dead-end job没有前途的工作drawback不利因素，障碍，缺点，barrierempathy –sympathy 能体会他人的情感，善解人意；同情there is a strange empathy between us（you and me）.在你我之间有一种奇怪的心灵感应evade逃避，避开，flee, dodge;evade military service 逃兵役incredulous表示怀疑的，不相信的,incredible 难以置信的incredible 表示不被别人相信的，表被动incredulous表示怀疑别人，表主动inferior （to）低等的，次人一等的superior （to）高人一等的inferior和superior在英语中没有比较级和最高级，类似的favorite 也没有比较级和最高级。

masculine有男子气概的，男性的= manlikemuscularmold（mould）塑造,shapepersistence坚持，固执=insistencepersist in sth.predominate统治，支配，占多数的优势=control overpredominant adj. 占统治地位的；居于支配地位的；predominance n. 优势predominate over sth.eg. American society is predominated by the whites.reap收获，收割，获得reap（get in） the crops收割庄稼reap the rewards/benefitssuppression压制，镇压，压抑oppression压迫,depression经济萧条tokenism象征性做法；装门面，做表面文章Level of tokenismtoken n.标志，象征sign/simpleundisguised无伪装的，不加掩饰的，公然的guise伪装，掩护vocation职业，行业 all kinds of jobs/work/professionvacation假期,summer/winter vacationText:Para.1Being是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数以动名词，动词不定式或者是主语从句作句子主语时，后面主句的谓语动词用第三人称单数elected当选为……appoint认命choose, pick outovercome handicaps: frustration, barrier, obstacle, drawbackovercome difficulty（困难）/the language barrier（语言障碍）Para.2prejudice against sb.对某人的歧视Para.3be invisible to sb.为某人所不可见的incredulous: unbelievable不可置信的eliminate: get rid of, wipe off, discard, abandon铲除，根除be content with: be satisfied with对……感到满意contented令人满意的a contented smile/lookQ1: She is the first black woman elected to Congress.Q2: Because the women in America are much brainwashed and content with their role as second-class citizens than blacks ever were.be active in politicsPara.5tedious: trivial, dull, unimportant枯燥的，烦然无味的make the difference重要的It do esn’t make the difference whether he comes here or notDetail细节Could you give me some more details?reap the rewards: gain 收获,获得invariably: always adv.总是lot: n. fate/destiny命运Para.6Vice-chairman副主席faithful: loyal可靠的,忠诚的stuff envelop 装信封free trip: 免费旅行Para.7break out of打破run for sth.: enter for, campaign报名参加enter for the best/the most beautiful garden参加最漂亮花园的比赛undisguised: uncovered, 不加掩饰的hostility n. enmity敌意–hostile adj.hostile to/toward sb.whites are hostile to blacksQ3：they have to do many tedious work，and it took them many years to be promoted; they have bitter resistance and undisguised hostility.Para.8Issue: problemStop sb.阻碍某人Para.9opponent: rival对手project an image: set an image树立形象tour: make a journeywear beards长着胡子be （un）aware of: be conscious of（没）意识到……Q4：I went to the women an asked their help.hit打击Para.10be inferior/superior to sb./sth.stereotype模式Para.11reach the level达到……程度/水平sit on成为一员hold rank：享有…的级别predominate: v. predominate over sb./sth. control over统治，占据，控制predominant adj. predominance n.menial: adj. a servant’s job仆人的dead-end: no promotion, not promising没有前途的Q5:lower-paying, menial, unrewarding, dead-end jobs, and when they do reach better positions, they are invariably paid less than a man for the same job.Q6:secretaries, librarians and teachersPara.13invest v. investment n.投资drop out of sth.: flee逃避，摆脱build sb. up: gain one reputation培养,提拔Para.14advise+should+dovocation: profession, job, occupation职业vacation: holidayleave sth. to sb.把…留给…convince说服+that-clauseconvince sb. of sth.说服某人相信/接受convince sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事make a contribution做贡献Para.15hardware: military hardware军事用的枪炮tolerate: endure, put up with, bear, stand忍受enforce the law实施法律Q7:porvity education, war, law（housing and unfair employment practices are forced instead of evaded）Para.16get into: 参加，从事，进入to stuff envelopes装信封Para.17persistence: determination决心，毅力suppression/oppression/depressionempathy同情 sympathymold/mould: v. shape, form, condition塑造Q8：It is women who can bring empathy, tolerance, insight, patience, and persistence to government.Exercises:D.1.His story of having discovered the treasure buried by some pirates seemed （incredible） to everyone.2. “But the piano is out of （tune）,” she said in a disappointed （tone）.Tune语调，音调out of tune音调不准,走调Tone语气3.Her friends expressed great （sympathy） to her when her mother died.4.They are now enjoying a short （vacation） at the seashore.5.A （contented） person is one who is happy with what he has.6.All the streets will be （illuminated） tomorrow evening for the celebration.7.Her （persistence） in wearing that old-fashioned hat surprised her husband.8.The effect of the officer’s speech was such that the army recovered its （morale）at once.moral道德F.做出重要贡献make important contribution受到歧视prejudge against各种形式all kinds/forms of在政治上in politics决定make the difference between A and B提升promote高层的the perior得到好处的是男人it is man who reap the rewards 在经济上in economic工资低lower pay/rewarding没有前途的dead-end不承认admit/deny分工devision满足be content with真正的real/ture/guine。