英语语法精讲-句子成分及简单句并列句和复合句

语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如：During the 1990s, country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）To swim/swimming in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式/动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。

表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。

例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

英语句子结构分类英语句子结构分类：简单句，并列句和复合句的概念及区别1.简单句：无论句子长短，只包含一套主谓结构，句子中个个成分都是单词或短语。

有时主语或谓语可以是并列结构。

请划出下面句子的主谓宾成分。

The accident happened yesterday afternoonOur English teacher is thirty years old.He put the dictionary in the backpack.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.She kept the door open.My classmates and friends all received my Christmas cards and thanked me very much.2.并列句: 由并列连词and/but/or/so/however/for等把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来。

如：Come here and I’ll help you. 请划出两个分句并判断各分句的成分。

并列连词：一、表转折的并列连词主要有but(但是), yet(可是), while(而，却)等二、表选择的并列连词主要or (或者，还是，否则), either, or (不是、就是), neither, or,(既不、也不) otherwise (要不然)等。

三、表联合的并列连词主要有and, not only, but also,(不但,而且), when(=and just at this time 就在这时)等。

四、表因果的并列连词主要有for(因为), so(因此)等。

并列句例句：1. This is the custom of China. They are not like us to finish it in one drink, _____but_____prefer to drink by taking a small amount at a time.2. My mother wants to decorate our rooms in a modem look__while_____my father prefers a traditional style.3. It was time for her to have a new baby, ___and____it was also time for the young panda to independent.4. He is a shy man，__but/yet_______he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 解析：But/yet转折连词。

【语法体系】1.词法冠词、名词、代词、副词、动词、介词和介词短语、连词、数词。

2.句法句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等。

句子种类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句句子结构：简单句并列句a）名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句复合句：b）定语从句c）状语从句特殊句式：倒装句、强调句、省略句、there be句式主谓一致直接引语和间接引语虚拟语气【句子成分】1.主语：主语是一个句子的主体，一般位于句首。

名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句等均可作主语。

e.g. Instead,a picture should try to show the “life” of itssubject.e.g. To find a best friend is difficult.2．谓语：用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态，一般位于主语之后，由动词或动词短语充当，且谓语有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。

e.g. I run into the classroom.e.g. He had an apple for breakfast.3．宾语：宾语是动作的承受者，一般位于及物动词之后。

名词（短语）、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、名词化的分次、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句等均可充当宾语成分。

e.g. People love to get together.e.g. I like chatting online.宾语的种类：（1）双宾语：间接宾语+直接宾语e.g. Hand me your book, please.（2）复合宾语：宾语+宾语补足语e.g. They elected him their monitor. 4．表语：表语用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。

一般位于系动词之后，与之构成系表结构。

名词（短语）、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、分词、从句等均可作表语。

2024年中考英语语法学习之句子成分及句型分类一、句子成分主语主语是句子中的主要名词或代词，它是句子的动作或状态的执行者。

例如:“The cat is sleeping.”中的主语是“cat”。

主语通常位于句子的开头，用来说明句子的主要信息。

在简单句中，主语和谓语构成完整的句子。

在复合句中，主语通常在谓语之前，用逗号与谓语分开。

例如:“I love the way you think.”中的主语是“I”,谓语是“love”。

在并列句中，主语可以与谓语之间用连词连接。

例如:“I want to eat pizza, but I also want to eat rice.”中的主语是“I”,谓语是“want to eat”,宾语是“pizza”和“rice”。

谓语谓语是句子中的主要动词，它表示主语的动作或状态。

例如:“The cat is sleeping.”中的谓语是“is sleeping”。

谓语通常位于句子的末尾，用来说明主语的动作或状态。

在简单句中，谓语和主语构成完整的句子。

在复合句中，谓语通常在主语之后，用逗号与主语分开。

例如:“I love the way you think.”中的谓语是“love”。

在并列句中，谓语可以与主语之间用连词连接。

例如:“I want to eat pizza, but I also want to eat rice.”中的谓语是“want to eat”,宾语是“pizza”和“rice”。

宾语宾语是句子中的动作的承受者，通常是名词或代词。

例如:“The cat is sleeping on the mat.”中的宾语是“mat”。

宾语通常位于谓语之后，用动词的适当形式表示。

在简单句中，宾语通常是直接宾语，即动作的执行者。

在复合句中，宾语可以是间接宾语或直接宾语。

例如:“I gave her a book.”中的宾语是“her”,而“a book”则是直接宾语。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习句子从结构上分：1．简单句2．并列句〔并列复合句〕3．复合句〔主从复合句〕1〕名词性从句：〔1〕主从(2)宾从 (3)表从 (4)同从2〕形容词性从句定从〔限定性的定语从句和非限定性的定语从句〕副词性从句〔状从〕简单句的五种根本句型五种句子的根本结构，主谓主谓宾主系表主谓双宾语〔间宾直宾〕主谓复合宾语〔宾+宾补〕主语〔subject〕:是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。

Thesunrisesintheeast. 〔名词〕Helikesdancing. 〔代词〕Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving. 〔动名词〕Toseeistobelieve. 〔不定式〕Whatheneedsisabook.〔主语从句〕Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.〔It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语〕谓语〔predicate〕:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

WestudyEnglish. Helikesplayingthegames.表语〔predicative〕:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

Heisate acher.〔名词〕Fiveandfiveisten.〔数词〕Heisasl eep.〔形容词〕Hisfath erisin.〔副词〕Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.〔形容词化的分词〕Towearafloweristos ay “I’mpoor,Ican〔不’定式tbuy〕aring.Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome .〔表语从句〕〔常见的系动词feel(摸起来,sound〔听起有:be来〕,look〔看起来〕,taste〔尝、吃起来〕,smell 〔闻起来〕keep,stay,remain〔保持，仍是〕get,become,turnfeel〔感觉〕...Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundsswee t.Tomlooksth in.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen .NowIfeeltired.第1页共14页宾语：1〕动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina. 〔名词〕Hehatesyou.〔代词〕Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.〔数词〕Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou. 〔动名词〕Ihopetoseeyouagain.〔不定式〕Didyouwritedownwhathesaid? 〔宾语从句〕2〕介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake? Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3〕双宾语-----间宾〔指人〕和直宾〔指物〕Hegavemeabookyesterday. Givethepoormansomemoney.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

英语句子结构详细讲解一．句子成分分析1．主语（subject）句子的主体，全句述说的对象。

一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式，动名词，从句担任,常置于句首。

（名词）（主格代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（主语从句）2. 谓语（predicate）对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语(1).简单谓语由一个动词或者动词短语构成at 6 o?clock.（动词）（动词短语）(2).复合谓语①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成（情态动词+动词原形）She （助动词do+动词原形）（助动词has+动词原形）补充：协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。

被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。

最常用的助动词有：be, do, have, shall, will, should, would. 助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。

（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)②由系动词加表语构成（即主系表结构）（状态系动词be+表语）（表象系动词look+表语）补充：系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词。

有些不具词义；有些具有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

1．状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。

（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。

）2．持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, stay, lie, remain, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句文章来源：互联网在前面各讲中所说的肯定句、否定句、各种疑问句、感叹句等，是根据句子的作用来划分的。

今天，我们再学习一种新的分类方法：即根据句子的内部结构，特别是句子与句子之间的关系来划分的方法。

根据句子结构，可以分为三种主要类型：简单句、并列句、复合句，另外还有一种叫并列-复合句子。

要搞懂英语句子结构分类，有一点首先必须明白：即什么是“句子”？句子的概念有两层含义：一是它能表达一个清晰、完整的意思。

反过来讲，只要能表达一个清晰、完整的意思的语言单位，不论是长是短，哪怕是一个单词，也算作是一个句子。

这是从意义方面来说的。

二是句子的结构完整。

所谓“完整”，最核心的是一个句子应该有“主语、谓语”。

也就是说，有主语、有谓语的语言单位就是一个句子。

这就是从句子结构方面来分的，也是从句子语法成份方面来划分的。

我们所讲的简单句、并列句、复合句都是从主语、谓语来判定句子类型的。

如果按照句子的结构分类，英文句子可分为三种类型：简单句(Simple Sentence)，并列句(Compound Sentence)和复合句(Complex Sentence)。

一、简单句简单句的定义是：或者只有一个主语，或者只有一个谓语。

为什么说“或者”呢？因为简单句可以只有一个主语，但有几个谓语；或者可以有几个主语，但只有一个谓语。

这样一分，简单句就有三种形式了。

1、只有一个主语、一个谓语，再加上其它成份。

例如：Light travels faster than sound.光比声传播速度快。

The film is not interesting.这部电影没有意思。

Can you finish the work on time?你能按时完成工作吗？2、只有一个主语，但有几个谓语，再加上其它成份。

例如：The boy were running, shouting and laughing.男孩们一边跑，一边笑，一边喊叫着。

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解：（一）句子成分1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。

主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。

The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）找出下列句中的主语：Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词）Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式）Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子）2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。

）：1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

英语句子结构分类英语句子结构分类：简单句，并列句和复合句的概念及区别1.简单句：无论句子长短，只包含一套主谓结构，句子中个个成分都是单词或短语。

有时主语或谓语可以是并列结构。

请划出下面句子的主谓宾成分。

The accident happened yesterday afternoonOur English teacher is thirty years old.He put the dictionary in the backpack.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.She kept the door open.My classmates and friends all received my Christmas cards and thanked me very much.2.并列句: 由并列连词and/but/or/so/however/for等把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来。

如：Come here and I’ll help you. 请划出两个分句并判断各分句的成分。

并列连词：一、表转折的并列连词主要有but(但是), yet(可是), while(而，却)等二、表选择的并列连词主要or (或者，还是，否则), either, or (不是、就是), neither, or,(既不、也不) otherwise (要不然)等。

三、表联合的并列连词主要有and, not only, but also,(不但,而且), when(=and just at this time 就在这时)等。

四、表因果的并列连词主要有for(因为), so(因此)等。

并列句例句：1. This is the custom of China. They are not like us to finish it in one drink, _____but_____prefer to drink by taking a small amount at a time.2. My mother wants to decorate our rooms in a modem look__while_____my father prefers a traditional style.3. It was time for her to have a new baby, ___and____it was also time for the young panda to independent.4. He is a shy man，__but/yet_______he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 解析：But/yet转折连词。

初高中英语衔接之语法基础第一节句子成分句子由句子成分组成。

句子成分主要分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

一.主语Subject主语是一个句子所要说明的人和物,是句子的主体。

它一般位于句首,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词以及主语从句等来充当。

请划出句子主语，并判断是什么成分做主语。

Knowledge is power.She is a small eater.Three will be enough for us.The injured _____ (send) to hospital at once when the accident happened .To see ___ to believe._____ (read) books is my hobby._______ (我们所需要的东西) is your help.改错1. Visit a museum excites teenagers.2. Disabled should be respected.3. Our school has taken place great changes.二、谓语Predicate谓语是用来说明主语的动作、状态或特征,一般放在主语之后。

谓语有以下几种基本情况1.由一个动词或动词词组构成,无论这个动词是何种时态、语态和语气。

Everything ____ (go) smoothly last month.Thousands of trees _______(plant) every year.They ______(finish) the work so far.They _________(swim) in the river now.2.情态动词+动词We must study English hard.Water can be dangerous.You can’t park here- it's a no parking area.That can’t be Tom-he is studying abroad.May I come in?I may go with you, but I'm not sureShe cried her eyes out. Something terrible must _____(happen).The experiment can _________ (complete) on time.3.连系动词+表语,说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份系动词的数量是有限的,常见的只有十来个,我们把它们分成四组,这样有助于我们记忆系动词。

简单句(Simple sentence)及句子成分(Members of the sentence)（一）简单句一、定义：由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。

eg. He [often] goes [to school][by bike]. He gave me a dictionary [yesterday].He has finished the work [already]. He [always] makes me <happy>.He is doing (his) homework. He did a (good) job. He is a student.注：表主语, 表谓语, 表宾语, ( )表定语, [ ]表状语,< >表补语, 表表语。

二、简单句的五种基本句型：1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) [S + Vi]eg. The children are playing [happily]. 孩子们正在高兴地玩。

(Such) things [often] happen. 这种事情经常发生。

(The new) term begins [in September]. 新学年从九月份开始。

注：不及物动词后不带宾语，若其后需带宾语，须搭配一介词to/at/on/for等。

eg. He arrived in Beijing [yesterday]. He was listening to the music.2. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语[S+Vt+O]eg. The Greens enjoy living in China. 格林一家喜欢住在中国。

I missed the train. 我错过了火车。

注：及物动词其后一般必须带宾语。

常用跟单宾语的动词有：enjoy, forget, remember, guess,love, hate, supply, use 等3. 主语+谓语+表语[S+V+P]该句型谓语动词为连系动词。

高一英语基础语法复习(句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句)一、句子成分概述(-)◎子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

(二)成分导图概览：句子所叙述的主体，由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、 -名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当：Heworks hard.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。

(复合谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成.说明主语的身份、特征和状态，位于系动词(SQbe, become, get, look, grow. turn, seem^)之表语后。

由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句等充当• 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾吾补语，才能使句子的意义完整。

宾语补足语常做补语的词为形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语、从句.J —般句型为；某些及物动词(如：We should make our town more beau^ful)亠污通常修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。

疋|口由形容词、分词i不定武短语i动名词、介词短语或从句充当。

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。

常常由副词及副词性词组、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、从句等充当.【例句】主语:Two thirds of the water is absorbed ・谓语：1、简单谓语：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：You mav keep the book for two weeks・【注】由系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。

女口：We are students.表语：Our teacher of English is an Americcm.（名词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is excifi哄（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His iob is to teach English・（不定式）His hobby （爱好）is plavin父football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is 些.The class is over.（畐U 词）The truth is that he ha, never been abroad.（表语从句）宾语：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time・（代i司）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数i司）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to s% me.（不定式短语）I enjoy list€"in父to popular music.（动名词短语）I think （that） he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语补足语：His father named him Don父/nin父.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustn't force him to lend his to voa（不定式短语）We saw her eMerinp the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what voiir ciW is死ow.（从句）定语：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a dseloping country; America is a deveSped country.（分词）There are 什lirtv women teachers is our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代i司）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching! plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）状语：Light travels most quick®.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national collie entrance exami讪ion.（不定式短语）He is in the room making ci model Dkme.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once you b叹in、you must continue.（状语从句）【巩固训练一】一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1 ・ The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.1 shall answer your question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the morning.6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.& There is going to be an American film tonight.9.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10.His wish is to become a scientist.11.He managed to finish the work in time.12.Tom came to ask me for advice.13.He foundjt important to master English.14.Do you have anything else to say?15.To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16.Would you please tell me your address?17.He sat there, reading a newspaper.18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean euid tidy.19.He noticed a man enter the room.20.The apples tasted sweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（一）、谓语（=）、宾语（〜）：I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Pm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here・ It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark・ Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors- We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. Buthe employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden- It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（一）、状语（=）、补语（〜）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside・ It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat 一too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don°t, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States, In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas clo you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.四、选择填空：1 • ___ w ill leave for Beijing.A. Now there the manB. The man here nowC. The man who is here nowD. The man is here now2.The weather ___ .A. wet ancl coldB. is wet and coldC・ not wet and cold D. were wet and cold3.The apple tasted ___ .A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet4. He got up yesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter5. The actor at the age of 70.A. deadB. diedC. dyedD. deaded6. ___ were all very tired, but none of ____ w ould stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we7. He found the street muchA. crowd 1B. crowdingC. crowdedD. crowdedly&I think necessary to learn English well.A. itsB.itC. thatD. that is9. The doe mad・A. looksB. is looked C・ is beinglooked D. was looked10.1 will never forget the day I joined the army.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. where二、句子的种类（-）◎子的分类导图1）陈述句（肯定、否定）2）疑间句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）按句子的用途分：, -------------------------------------------.3）祈使句4）感叹句1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）:2）并列句：由并列连词（and. but. orW）或分号（；）把两个或两个以按句子的结构分：上的简单句连在一起构成。

英语语法句子成分分析英语语法知识是很多人在学习英语时比较头疼的地方，语法是研究词形变化和句子结构的科学，无论学习什么语言，语法知识都是非常重要的。

1、从句子结构来看，句子可分为:①简单句(Simple Sentence):只有一个主语部分和一个谓语部分。

5种基本句型(Basic Patterns of Sentences)：1)主语+谓语动词(不及物动词)2)主语+谓语动词(及物动词)+宾语3)主语+系动词+表语4)主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5)主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补语②并列句(Compound Sentence):包括两个或两个以上的简单句, 中间常由并列连词连接;③复合句(Complex Sentence):由主句(Main/Principal Clause)和从句(Subordinate Clause)构成,内含一个或一个以上的从句。

其中, 主句是能够独立存在并能表达一个完整意思的分句; 而从句则是依附主句, 在主句中充当一个句子成分的分句,一般由连词、关系代词或关系副词所引导。

从句在句中可用作主语,表语、宾语、定语,状语、同位语等句子成分,主要的从句有: 主语从句(Subject Clause) , 表语从句(Predicative Clause ) , 宾语从句(Object Clause) , 同位语从句(Appositive Clause)和定语从句(Attributive Clause) , 状语从句(Adverbial Clause)。

④并列复合句(Compound Complex Sentence):由一个复合句和另一个简单句或复合句由并列连词(可用分号代替and)连接而成的句子。

2、从说话人说话的目的来看,句子可分为:(1) 陈述句(Declarative Sentence)用来叙述事实或表达意见,句尾永远是句号。

(2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)用来提出疑问,句尾永远是问号。

英语语法之句子类型（简单句、并列句、复合句）句子类型句子按结构可分为：简单句、并列句、复合句三类。

一、简单句：简单句：简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。

主要起下列四种作用中的一种。

①作一种陈述②提出一个问题③发出一种命令或请求④表示一种感叹如：The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy./The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl. /Stephen apologized at once./Does the shop close at 7 tonight?/Shut the door./What a slow train this is!简单句的基本词序主语动词部分（谓语）宾语状语（方式地点时间）I bought a hat yesterday. The children ran home. The car stopped suddenly.两个简单句的主语可以连词and、but、both..and、either…or、neither…nor、not only…but also等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。

The boss is flying to Paris. His secretary is flying to Paris.The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.The boss is flying to Rome. His secretary is not flying to Rome.The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome.The boss may be flying to Berlin. His secretary may be flying to Berlin.Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin.The boss is not flying to York. His secretary isn’t flying to York.Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to York.两个简单句的宾语可由and、both…and等连词连接组成一个简单句。