冠词重点知识归纳及讲解（一）概说1．冠词是一种虚词，不能独立担任一个成分，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明其词义。
英语中有两个冠词：1）定冠词the2）不定冠词a/an定冠词the通常读作[]，在元音前读作[i]，特别强调或单念时读作[i:]。
不定冠词在元音音素开始的单词前用an这个形式，读作[n]；在其他情况下则使用a，读作[]。
2．冠词的基本意义不定冠词a/an与数词one同源，表示“一个”的意思，用在可数名词单数前。
例如：She is a nurse.她是个护士。
He is an Englishman, with an Irish wife.他是一位英国人，有一个爱尔兰妻子。
定冠词the，与this同源，有“这（那）个”的意思，但比较弱，表示一（几）个特定的人或东西，有时可译作“这个（些）”或“那个（些）”。
例如：That’s the book you want.这就是你要的那本书。
Who’s the young man over there?那边那个年轻人是谁？但在很多情况下，“这”或“那”这类词在译文中并不出现。
例如：Put it on the table.把它放在桌上。
Shut the door, please.请把门关上。
3．特指和泛指一般来说，名词有特指和泛指两种情况，请比较下面的句子：A gentleman is asking to see you.有位先生要求见你。
（泛指）Ask the gentleman to come in.请那位先生进来。
（特指）在特指时一般前面要加定冠词，而泛指时则有三种情况： 1）在可数名词单数前加不定冠词。
例如：She sent me a postcard她寄给我一张明信片。
2）在可数名词复数前可不加冠词，可使用some, any这类词。
例如：These are new words.这些是生词。
She sent me some flowers.她送给我一些花。
3）在不可数名词前多不加什么，有时也可加some, any等。
例如：It’s lovely weather.天气真好。
Do you want any sugar in your tea?你茶里要放点糖吗？Give us some help.给我们一些帮助。
（二）不定冠词的基本用法1．泛指某一类人或事物中的一个，代表某一类别（不一定译为“一”）例如：His father is a doctor.他父亲是医生。
2．代表某一类人或事物，相当于any（+名词）（不必译为“一”，但必须用a，表示类别）例如：A horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。
3．指某人或某物（不是指某一类），但不具体说明何人或何物（一般译为“一”）例如：This book was written by a worker.这本书是一位工人写的。
4．表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈（一般译为“一”）例如：Wait a moment.等一下。
5．表示单位，相当于“每”的意思例如：We have three meals a day.我们每日吃三餐。
6．用于某此固定词组中例如：a few, a little, a bit (of), a lot of等。
（三）定冠词的基本用法1．特指某（些）人或某（些）事物例如：Give me the book.把那本书给我。
2．指谈话双方都知道的人或事物例如：Where is the doctor?医生在哪儿？3．再次提到上文提到过的人或事物例如：I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is at home.昨天我买了一本词典。
词典在家里。
4．用在大家所熟悉的、世界上独一无二的事物例如：The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun.地球比月亮大，但比太阳小。
5．用在序数词和形容词最高级前例如：Mr Wang teaches the first class.王先生上第一节课。
Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth.在所有的恒星中，太阳离地球最近。
6．用在单数可数名词，表示某一类人或事物例如：The horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。
7．与下列专有名词连用1）在江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉的名称前例如：the Changjiang River, the Great Lake2）在姓氏的复数名词前，表示夫妇二人或全家人例如：The Greens are sitting at the breakfast table. 格林一家人正围坐在早餐桌旁。
8．和某些形容词连用，表示一类人例如：the old 老人 the young 年轻人the rich 富人 the poor 穷人the sick 病人 the dead 死人 9．在一些习惯说法中the east (west, south, north)in the morning (afternoon, evening)on the left (right)in the endgo to the cinema（四）不用冠词的几种情况1．在专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前例如：Have you ever been to Shanghai?你到过上海吗？We love science.我们爱好科学。
2．在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前例如：Girls can be scientists.女孩子可以当科学家。
3．在季节、月份、星期、一日三餐的名称前例如：It is hot in summer.夏天天气热。
It’s Tuesday, August the 22nd.今天是八月二十二日，星期三。
Have you had breakfast?你吃过早饭没有？4．称呼语或表示头衔，职务的名词前例如：What’s the matter with you, Mike?怎么啦，迈克？He is headmaster of our school.他是我们学校的校长。
5．学科和球类运动的名称前例如：We study English.我们学习英语。
Do you like to play football?你喜欢踢足球吗？6．名词前已有用作定语的this, that my, your, some, any, no, whose, every, each等代词时，不用冠词例如：That is her bike.那是她的自行车。
Each student in his class studies hard.这个班的每个学生都努力学习。
7．在某些固定词组的名词前例如：at home, at night, after school, by bus, in bed, in town, in front of, go to school, go to bed等。
三、随堂监测A组I. 在下列句子的空格中填上适当的冠词，不需要的地方用“/”表示：1. This is ______ old map. It is ______ useful map.2. We have no classes in ______ afternoon on _______Saturday.3. ______ spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers_______second.4. Beijing is ______ capital of ______ China. It is _______ beautiful city.5. Roman was not built in ______ day.6. Chinese is quite ______ difficult language for Mike.7. Many ______ students will take ______ active part in sports meet.8. There is ______ interesting picture on ______ wall.9. Jenny found ______ wallet lying on ______ground. ______ wallet was Mr. Black’s.10. Which is ______ biggest, ______ sun, ______ moon, or ______ earth?11. --- Which picture is more beautiful? --- ______one on ______ left, I think.12. --- Which is _____ way to ______ hospital?--- Go down this road and turn left on ______ second crossing.13. _______ more, _______ better.14. _______ Turners are sitting at breakfast table.15. Joe Hill was _______ fighter for ______ working class.16. When was ______ People’s Republic of China founded?17. In China ______ first English textbooks were publishedin _____late nineteenth century.18. After ______ breakfast he went to ______ school on______ foot.19. ______ Huanghe River lies in ______ north of China.20. He likes playing ______ football. His sister likes playing ______ piano.II. 单项选择：1. 上学 A. go to school B. go to the schoolC. go to a school2. 住院 A, in the hospital B. in a hospitalC. in hospital3. 此刻 A. at the moment B. at a momentC. at moment4. 在课堂上 A. in class B. in a classC. in the class5. 在地球上 A. on earth B. on an earthC. on the earth6. 步行 A. on foot B. on the footC. on feet7. 吃饭 A. at a table B. at the tableC. at table8. 乘公共汽车A. take bus B. by busC. by the bus9. 在家 A. at the home B. at a homeC. at home10. 在工作 A. at work B. at the workC. at works11. 跳高 A. jump high B. high jumpC. the high jump12. 坐飞机 A. by air B. by the airC. on air13. 乘火车 A. by the train B. by trainC. on train14. 在校学习 A. in the school B. in schoolC. in schools15. 睡觉 A. go to bed B. go to the bedC. go to a bed16. 感冒 A. have a cold B. have the coldC. have cold17. 乘船 A. by ship B. on shipC. by a ship18. 玩得痛快A. have good times B. have a good timeC. have good times19. 事实上 A. in the fact B. in factsC. in fact21. 从早到晚A. from morning to the eveningB. from morning to eveningC. from a morning to an evening四、随堂监测B组III. 选择填空：1. There is ______ old woman in the car.A. /B. theC. aD. an2. Shanghai is in _______ east of China.A. /B. anC. theD. a3. Bill is ______ English teacher. He likes playing ______ football.A. a, theB. an, theC. a, /D. /,/4. The museum is quite far. It will take you half _____hour to go there by ______ bus.A. an, /B. an, aC. a, /D. /,/5. The story is ______ interesting. That means it is ______ interesting story.A. an, theB. the, a.C. /, anD. /,a6. Let’s go for ______ walk, shall we?A. aB. anC. theD. /7. This is ______ interesting story-book and it is also ______ useful one.A. a, aB. an, anC. an, aD. a, an8. _______ woman over there is ______ popular teacher in our school.A. A, anB. The, aC. The , theD. A, the9. They passed our school ______ day before yesterday.A. anB. oneC. aD. the10. Australia is ______ English-speaking country.A. aB. anC. theD. /11. Don’t play ______ basketball here. It’s dangerous.A. aB. anC. /D. the12. This is ______ apple. It’s _______ big apple.A. an, aB. a, theC. a, anD. an, the13. --- Have you seen ______ bag? I left it here just now.--- Is it ______ one on the chair near the door?the, a14. I have ______ blue coat.A. aB. anC. theD. some15. This is _____ orange. _______ orange is on the table.A. a, TheB. an, TheC. an, AnD. the, An16. Have you had ______ breakfast?A. aB. anC. theD. /17. He wondered when the doctor could finish _____ operation. A. a B. an C. the D. any18. After ______ supper, he stayed at home and played______ violin.A. the, theB. /, theC. /, aD. /, /19. There is ______ apple on the plate.A. aB. anC. theD. /20. He said that he got ______ “ C” in the test.A. aB. anC. theD. /21. ______ new bridge has been built over ______ Huangpu River.An, an22. English is _______ useful language in ______ world.A. an, theB. a, theC. the, theD. an, an23. In the word “ cariage” _______ “ r” is lost.A. theB. anC. aD. /24. With the help of his teacher he studied hard and got ______ “ A” in the test.A. aB. anC. theD. one25. I have two dogs. ______ black one is two years old and ______ yellow one is three years old.A. A, aB. The, aC. The, theD.A. the26. Li Dan can play ______ piano very well.A. /B. aC. anD. the27. What ______ interesting film it is! I like ______ film very much.A. a, theB. a, aC. an, theD. The, /28. ______ tall man over there is our ______ Englishteacher.A. A, theB. The, aC. A, anD. The, /。
