定语从句之关系代词

定语从句I 关系代词

定义：在复合句中修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。

基本构成：先行词+关系间+定语从句。

先行词：它所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。

关系词：连接先行同和定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。

分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。

引导定语从句的关系词有两类：关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose等，关系副词有when, where, why等。

一、关系代词的用法

1.who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。

Here comes the girl who wants to see you.

想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语)

Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins.

丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语)

2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。

Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.

罗丝是你应该关心的人。(作宾语)

3.whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表"所属"关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。

I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.

我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。(作定语)

4.which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。China is a country which has a long history.

中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。

5.that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。

习惯上指人多用who, whom，指物多用which.

The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.

每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)

The suitcase that lies on the ground is hers.

地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)

二、只能用that而不用which引导定语从句的情况

1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

This is the most delicious food that I have ever had，这是我吃过的最美味的食品。

2.先行词是不定代词，如all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none 等时。

有关这个专题的任何资料都请寄给我们。

All that can be done has been done. 一切能做的都已经做了。

3.先行词被all, any, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。

Please send us any information that you have about the subject.

The only thing that she could do was go to the police for help.

4.有两个或两个以上先行词，既指人又指物时。

Sometimes we should ignore the persons and things that upset us.

有时，我们不应该理会让我们不快的人和事。

5.当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时。

Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing?

你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用?

三、只能用which而不用that引导定语从句的情况

1.引导非限制性定语从句时。

Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.

足球，一项非常有趣的运动，在全世界得到了普及。

2.当关系代词前有介词时。

This is the house in which Mo Yan once lived，这就是莫言曾经住过的房子。

3.当先行间本身就是that时。

That which you told him about is what we want to know.

你告诉他的事情就是我们想知道的。

4.在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系间是that，那么另一句的关系词就需用which.

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open. 让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。

四、只能用who而不用that引导定语从句的情况

1.先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none 等。

The students you should learn from are those who graduate from top universities.

你应该学习的是那些从名牌大学毕业的学生。

2.在There be结构中，先行词指人时。

There is a young lady who is in a state of shock.

有位年轻女士休克了。

3.一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个

宜用who.(指人时)

The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.

1.as用作关系代词，既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在the same...as...，such...as...，as...as…等句型中，as不能省略。

Such teachers as know Tom think him very bright.

认识汤姆的老师都认为他很聪明。

I'll buy the same dictionary as you have.