重庆科技大学
本科毕业论文
基于AT89C51单片机的步进电动机控制系统
设计
考生姓名： XXXXX X 准考证号： XXXXXXXXXXXX 专业层次：本科院（系）：XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 指导教师： XXXXXX 职称：讲师
重庆科技大学
二O一二年月日
基于AT89C51单片机的步进电动机控制系统
设计
考生姓名： XXXXXX
准考证号： XXXXXXXXXXXX
专业层次：本科
指导教师： XXXXXXX
院（系）：机械与动力工程学院
重庆科技大学
二O一二年九月二十日
摘要
随着微电子和计算机技术的发展，步进电机的需求量与日俱增，它广泛用于打印机、电动玩具等消费类产品以及数控机床、工业机器人、医疗器械等机电产品中，其在各个国民经济领域都有应用。研究步进电机的控制系统，对提高控制精度和响应速度、节约能源等都具有重要意义。
步进电机是一种能将电脉冲信号转换成角位移或线位移的机电元件，步进电机控制系统主要由步进控制器,功率放大器及步进电机等组成。采用单片机控制,用软件代替上述步进控制器,使得线路简单,成本低,可靠性大大增加。软件编程可灵活产生不同类型步进电机励磁序列来控制各种步进电机的运行方式。
本设计是采用AT89C51单片机对步进电机的控制，通过I/O口输出的时序方波作为步进电机的控制信号，信号经过芯片ULN2003驱动步进电机。
实践证明，基于单片机控制的步进电机比传统的步进控制器具有更好的性能，更加简单、方便、可靠。本设计的主要研究对象就是开环伺服系统中最常用的执行器件——步进电机。
关键词：步进电机，单片机，正反转控制，键盘控制，LCD液晶显示
Based on the AT89C51 single-chip stepper motor control
system design
ABSTRACT
With the development of microelectronics and computer technology, the stepper motor demand grow with each passing day, which is widely used in printers, electric toys and other consumer products, industrial robots and CNC machine tools, medical equipment and other mechanical and electrical products, the national economy in various fields are applied. Study of stepping motor control system, to improve the control precision and response speed, energy saving etc have important significance.
A stepper motor can be converted into electric pulse signal of angular displacement or line displacement of the mechanical and electrical components, a stepper motor control system is mainly composed of a stepping controller, a power amplifier and a stepper motor. Using single chip microcomputer control, using software to replace the stepping controller, which has the advantages of simple circuit, low cost, reliability is increased. Software programming can produce different types of step motor excitation sequence to control stepper motor operation mode.
This design is the use of AT89C51 single-chip stepper motor control, through the I/O port output timing square wave as a stepper motor control signal, the signal through the ULN2003 chip stepper motor driver.
Practice has proved, based on the single chip microcomputer to control the step motor than the traditional stepping controller has better performance, more simple, convenient, and reliable. The design of the main research object is the open loop servo system in the most commonly used executive device -- stepping motor.
Keywords：Stepper motor, MCU, Positive control, Keyboard control, LCD liquid crystal display
