主谓一致（Subject- Verb Agreement）
主谓一致指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football.
可分为:语法一致，内容一致，就近一致.今天着重计解语法一致的原则。
主谓关系通常受三大原则支配：语法一致原则、意义一致原则以及就近原则。
一、语法一致原则
即主语为单数，谓语用单数，主语为复数，谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:
1.单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like（象),but （除了）,except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than（而不是),including, in addition to 引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数。
Air as well as water _________(be) matter. 空气和水都是物质.
No one except two servants___________(be) late for the dinner.
2.用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事，同一概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。
The poet and writer___________ (come). 那位诗人兼作家来了。（一个人）
A hammer and a saw _________ (be) useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具。（两样物）
注意：and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如:bread and butter（黄油抹面包）等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
His knife and fork __________ (be) left on the table, with his breakfast untouched.
3.不定式（短语）,动名词（短语),或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Serving the people __________ (be) my great happiness.
When we’l l go out for an outing____________ ( decide).
4.用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl__________ ( like) to go swimming.
No teacher and no student __________ (be)absent from the meeting.
5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数；复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数。
Each of us __________ ( have)something to say.
6.若主语中有more than one 或many a/an,尽管从意义上看是复数,但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数
More than one student __________ (be) late.
7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数。
None of this __________ (worry ) me.
8.名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数。
His clothes __________ (be) good.
但这些名词前若出现a pair of, 谓语一般用单数。A pair of glasses _________ (be) on the desk.
9.形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Nights; 以及The United Nations 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Arabian Nights _________ (be) very popular with teenagers.
10. “a +名词+and a half", “one and a half + 名词”,“the number of + 名词” 等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。
Only one and a half apples _________ ( leave) on the table.
二、意义一致原则
“意义一致”原则是指主语和谓语在单复数意义上保持一致。也就是说，有时主语名词在语法形式上虽然是单数,却有着复数意义,其后的谓语动词便用复数,反之亦如此。
1.表示总称意义的名词，如people, police, public, cattle等作主语。
The police __________(not arrive) yet.
2. 有些集体名词family, class, group, enemy, team, club, company等作主语，若作“整体”看，谓语用单数；若视为其中的成员时用复数。
His family __________( move) to Shanghai.
His family __________(be)all fond of music.
3. who, what, which, all, more, most, some, half, none, the rest等作主语,谓语动词视情况定。Who __________(be) a doctor? Who __________(be) league members?
4. 表示时间,距离,重量,数字,金额等的复数名词作“整体”看时;表示“运算”的数词,谓语动词
用单数。
Ten years ________(be) not a long time. Six hundred dollars________(be) quite enough. 5. 以s结尾的学科名词politics, maths等及news, works, means属“形复意单”名词，另书报名，国名等复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数。
Physics__________( seem) to be difficult for me.
The United States __________(be) a developed country.
This works was built in the 1960s.
6.A number of /a variety of +f复数名词,the +形容词指“一类人”时作主语,谓语动词用复数;
the number of+复数名词,the +形容词指抽象的事物时,谓语动词用单数,谓语动词视情况定。There ___________(be) a variety of toys in this shop.
The variety of goods in this shop ___________(be) rich.
三、就近原则
“就近原则”是指在有些情况下，谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的主语词语的单复数形式。
1. 由or, nor, either...or ;neither...nor; not only...but also; not ...but; whether...or等连接的主语,
与最近的主语保持一致。
Either you or she ___________(be) young.
Neither he or you __________( finish) the task.
2.由there ,here引起的句子，主语又不止一个，其谓语动词通常和邻近的那个词保持一致。Where________(be) your teacher and classmates?
Here _________(be) some envelopes and paper.
3. 在倒装句中, 与最后一个主语一致。
South of the city is a large stadium.
In front of the girl are some flowers.
以上三大原则，在运用过程中，往往受到语言习惯和语体、语域的制约，因此在判断主谓关系时，要在这些原则的指导下，具体分析，准确选择。
主谓一致练习
1. But I know the government ________ his invention.
A. think highly
B. speak high of
C. sing highly
D. thinks highly of
2. She is the only one among the ________ writers who ________ stories for children.
A. woman…writes
B. women…writes
C. women…write
D. woman…write
3. The professor, together with his son, _________ Lanzhou _________ Beijing.
A. have left …for
B. has left…for
C. have left …to
D. has left …to.
4. Nobody but Sam and John __________ in the laboratory.
A. are
B. had been
C. were
D. is
5. My family _________ having supper when suddenly the bell rang.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were.
6. The singer and dancer _________ come to our school.
A. have
B. has
C. were
D. was.
7. A number of children _________ for the teacher to come now.
A. is waiting
B. are waiting
C. waits
D. waited
8. The wounded __________ to the hospital at once.
A. were sent
B. were send
C. is sent
D. was send
9. More than one person ________ late for class this morning.
A. are
B. was
C. is
D. were
10. The cattle _______ grazing on the grass.
A. were
B. was
C. be
D. is
11. The students each _____ a dictionary now.
A. has
B. have
C. has got
D. had got
12. Many a child _____ lost their parents.
A. has
B. have
C. is
D. are
13. Steam and ice _____ different forms of water.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
14. Every desk and every chair _____ made of wood.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
15. _____ not only you but also he going to Beijing?
A. Are
B. Is
C. Were
D. Was
16. The manager or his secretary _____ to give you an interview.
A. is
B. are
C. were
D. have
17. Mary is one of the girls who _____ often late for school.
A. is
B. are
C. comes
D. get
18. Mary is the only one of the girls who _____ often late for school.
A. is
B. are
C. comes
D. get
19. The United Nations _____ an organization of independent countries.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
20. Every means _____ been tried.
A. have
B. has
C. is
D. were
21. Two hours _____ not long enough for this test.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
22. One dollar and eighty-seven cents _____ all Della had.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
23. Where _____ my glasses?
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
24. The Chinese _____ brave and hardworking.
A. is
B. are
C. be
D. being
25. The rich _____ always happy.
A. is
B. are
C. is not
D. are not
26. His Selected Poems first published in 1965.
A. were
B. was
C. has been
D. have been
27.Twenty dollars enough for the coat.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
28.Learning about Travel News and Sports News in China Daily his great interest.
A. is
B. are
C. cause
D. gives
29.His family very big and all of his family music.
A. are;1ove
B.are;1oves
C. is; have
D.is;1oves
30.It Jack and Frank who been murdered.
A. are; have
B. is; are
C. is; have
D. is; has
31.Writing stories and articles what I enjoy most.
A. is
B. have been
C. was
D. were
32.The poor woman with her two children in a street corner.
A. was seen beg
B. were seen beg
C. was seen begging
D. were seen begging
33.—Is there anybody in the classroom?
—No, the teacher as well as the students to the playground.
A. go
B. went
C. has gone
D. have gone
34.Three-fourths of the land by forest and grass．
A. has covered
B. has been covered
C. have been covered
D. are to be covered
35.—Have you heard about the new school?
—No, when and where to build the new one
A. is not decided
B. aren’t decided
C. haven’t been decided
D. has not decided
36.E-mail,as well as telephones, an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing
B. have played
C. was playing
D. play
37.Not even one of the hundred students who took the test passed.
A. has
B. have
C. is
D. are
38.The worker and poet to the party the other day．
A. is invited
B. was invited
C. had invited
D. invited
39.There a driver and a number of broken wine bottles beside the high way when the
police arrived.
A. were
B. was
C. had been
D. would be
40. Books of this kind well.
A. sell
B. sells
C. are sold
D. is sold
41.Three fifths of the cattle sold abroad in the city.
A. has
B. has been
C. have
D. have been
42.Three-quarters of the land covered with green grass while the rest _______covered with pine trees.
A. is; is
B. is; are
C. are; is
D. are; are
43.Three million tons of coal in this district every year.
A. is exploited
B. are exploited
C. has exploited
D. have exploited
44. I, not you,___ in the wrong. Not I but he ___ been invited.
A. were; have
B. were; has
C. was; has
D. was; have
45. Every boy and every girl that each day and each hour brings duty.
A. know; their
B. knows; their
C. knows; its
D. know; its
主谓一致
keys:
一 1. is; was 2. has come; are; was 3. is; is/has been decided 4. likes; was
5. has
6. was
7. worries
8. are
9. is 10. was left
二 1.haven't arrived 2. has moved; are 3. is; are 4. is; is 5. seems; is 6.are;is
三 1. is; have finished 2. is; are
1~20: DBBDD BBABA BABAA ABAAB
21~40: ABBBD BACCC ACCBA AABBA 41-45 DAACC
初中英语语法主谓一致 LELE was finally revised on the morning of December 16, 2020
I．单数主语： 1．当 every-, some-, any-, no- 等构成的不定代词及 each, either, neither 作主语时，谓语动词为单数。 ● Someone has told me about it. ● Neither of us likes the film. 2．当 every 或 each 位于两个由连接词连接的单数主语前，谓语动词用单数。（必记之要点！） ● Each girl and boy has a . ● Every man and woman is welcome. 3．位于主谓之间的介词短语不影响谓语动词的数，谓语动词须和主语一致。常见介词短语有：in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc. （这是一几乎所有考试都不愿放过的重点。） ● The teacher along with his students is going to the party. ● His parents as well as his elder si ster have come to see him. II．复数主语： 1．当主语由 and 或 both ... and 连接，通常采用复数谓语动词。 ● Both the girl and the boy are his friends.
[主谓一致] 高考语法综合练习 选用括号内适当的动词。 1.Two hours__________(is,are)not long enough for this test. 2.One and a half apples__________(is,are)left on the table. 3.One and a half days__________(is,are)all I can spare. 4.There__________(is,are)two pairs of glasses on the table. 5.Traffic police__________(is,are)always very busy. 6.The English__________(likes,like)to be with their family at Christmas. 7.His family__________(is,are)all very well. 8.About twenty percent of the students in our class__________(is,are)girls. 9.All__________(is,are)here.Let's start our meeting. 10.What the children want__________(is,are)storybooks. 11.This is the one of the books on the subject that__________(has,have)ever been written in Chinese. 12.Bread and butter__________(is,are)a daily food in the west. 13.No man and no woman__________(is,are)going to do such a shameful thing. 14.Not only my brother but also I__________(am,is)going there. 15.Mary as well as her classmates__________(has,have)learned to drive a tractor. 16.There__________(is,are)more than one answer to your question. 17.Two thirds of the population of the city__________(is,are)immigrants(移民). 18.The students each__________(has,have)a dictionary. 参考答案： 1.is。表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词作主语,通常看作整体,谓语用单数。 2.are。如果“one and a half+复数名词”作主语,指时间时谓语用单数,如下题。
1. 2. 2010届高一上期末综合练习之 主谓一致练习 Neither he nor I ___ for the pla n. A. were B. is C are My family as well as I __ glad to see you. D. am A. was B. is C. are D. am My father, together with some of his old frien ds, __ there already. A. will be B. had been C. has been bee n 4. 3. D. have 5. 6. 7. 8. There are two roads and either ___ t o the stati on. A. is lead ing B. are lead ing Nine plus three ___ twelve. A. are mak ing B. is mak ing Twenty miles __ a long way to cover. A. seem to be B. is Very few ___ his address in the tow n. A. has known B. are knowing Whe n and where this took place _ A. has B. is C. were C. lead D. leads C. make D. makes C. are D. were 9. C. know still unknown. D. ar D. knows I know that all ___ gett ing on well with her. A. were B. are C. is D. was 10. The rest of the no vel __ very in terest ing. A. seem B. is C. are D. were 11. Our family ___ a happy one. A. are B. was C. are D. is 12. The boy sitting by the window is the only one coun tryside in our school. A. was B. were 13. More tha n one an swer __ t o the questi on. A. had give n B. were give n bee n give n of the stude nts who from the C. is D. are C. has bee n give n D. have 14. The stude nts in our school each __ an En glish dict ionary. A. are hav ing B. had C. has 15. The pair of shoes __ worn out. A. had bee n B. have bee n C. were D. was 16. A professor and a writer __ prese nt at the meeti ng. A. had bee n B. were 17. Those who __ singing may join us. A. is fond of B. enjoy liki ng 18. There ___ a knife and fork on the table. A. are B. is seem ing to be to be 19. Over 80 perce nt of the populatio n _ workers. A. will be B. are C. is 20. The whole class __ greatly moved at his words. A. is B. had 21. The woun ded __ good care of here now. A. is tak ing B. are tak ing taken 22. Deer __ faster tha n dogs. A. will run B. are running 23. The police ___ a pris oner. A. are searched for B. is searchi ng searchi ng for 24. It was reported that six A. had killed killed ,in clud ing a boy. B. was killi ng C. is C. likes C. seem to be C. were C. are being take n C. runs D. have D. was D. are D. seems D. was D. was D. is D. run C. are search ing for C. were killed D. is D. was
初中英语语法归纳总结及主谓一致 语法归纳总结 一. 词类 英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1. 名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 例：boy, morning, bag, home, class, orange. 2. 代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。 例：who, she, you, it . 3. 形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。 例：good, right, white . 4. 数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。 例：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5. 动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。 例：am, is,are,have,see . 6. 副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、程度等。 例：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7. 冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。 例：a, an, the. 8. 介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。 例in, on, from, above, behind. 9. 连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。 例and, but, before . 10. 感叹词(interj..)：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
例：oh, well, hi, hello. 二. 句子成分 英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1. 主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 例：I’m Miss Green.我是格林小姐。 2. 谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 例：Jack cleans the room every day. 杰克每天打扫房间。 3. 表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担 任。 例：My name is Ping ping. 我的名字叫萍萍。 4. 宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 例：He can spell the word. 他能拼这个词。 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语 一般放在直接宾语的前面。 例：He wrote me a letter. 他给我写了一封信。 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。 例：He wrote a letter to me. 他给我写了一封信。 5. 定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。 例：Shanghai is a big city. 上海是个大城市。 6. 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词，通常由副词担任。 例：He works hard. 他工作努力。 7. 宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。
高一英语“主谓一致”用法归纳 一、基本概念 所谓一致关系(Agreement)就是在英语句子中各个成分之间必须在人称、数、性等方面要保持一定的语法关系。在英语中最主要的一致关系是主语与谓语动词之间的一致。在判断一个句子主语、谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。一般来说，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词需要采用的单复数形式。比较：The student studies very hard.这个学生学习非常努力。The students study very hard.这些学生学习非常努力。 主谓一致的原则说起来简单，但在实际使用中遇到的情况要复杂很多。在处理主谓一致的问题时，可依据上面提到的三个原则。“语法一致”也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词亦用单数形式。“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。有时，主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定，也采用复数形式。“就近原则”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和其最近的主语保持一致。 二、基本用法 1.集合名词与谓语动词的一致 集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调其成员，则用复数形式。常用的集合名词有： army,audience,class,club,committee,company,couple,crowd,family,flock,group,government,j-ury, majority,minority,organization,party,personnel,publ-ic,staff,team,union等。 The football team are discussing the problem with the coach now. 足球队员们现在正在与教练讨论这个问题。 The police have caught the criminal.警察已经逮捕了那个罪犯。 The majority were/was for the proposal.大多数人赞同这个提议。 Only a minority of students receive the scholarship.只有少数学生获得了奖学金。 【注意】 （1）有些有生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词只用复数。这样的名词常用的有：cattle,people,police,folk等。 The cattle are grazing in the fields.牛在田里吃草。 （2）无生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。这样的名词常用的有:clothing,furniture,machinery,jewellery等。 Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates.气候寒冷的地方需要暖和的衣服。 All the furniture has been moved to another room. 所有家具已经搬到了另一个房间里。 2.由either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...连接的两个名词或代词作主语时，主谓一致遵循就近原则，即谓语动词应与最近的一个主语的人称和数保持一致。 Either he or I am wrong.不是他错就是我错。 Not only the students but(also) the teacher is active in sports and games.不但学生，就连老师都积极参加体育运动。 Does neither the teacher nor the students know this matter? 教师和学生都不知道这件事吗？ 【经典回放】 Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
考点 03 主谓一致
【命题解读】 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主 谓一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就 近一致三个方面上。 【命题预测】 主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形 式出题，在完形填空中也会有所涉及，总体难度系数较低，纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一 致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计 2018 年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致； 2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配； 3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致； 4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 His father is working on the farm. 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 To study English well is not easy. 动名词短语或从句作主语时， 谓语动词一 语法一致 般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。 The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all.
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Lucy and Lily are twins. 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起来 的合成主语后面， 要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词， 尽管后面跟有 with，together with，except，but，like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides，including 等引起的短语， playground. 谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数， 谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall. Mr. Green ， together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
4. either，neither，each，every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some，any，no，every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who， hard. which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体， 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注：people，police，cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， There are a lot of people in the classroom.
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在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。主谓一致大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致。 语法一致原则 语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1．单数名词、代词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ?To study French well is not easy. 学好法语不容易。 ?What he said is very important for us all. 他说的话对我们大家很重要。 【注意】由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式；但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 ?What I bought were three Chinese books. 我买的是三本中文书。 ?What I say and do are helpful to you. 我所说的、所做的都对你有帮助。 2．由连接词and或both...and...连接起来的合成主语后面，谓语动词要用复数形式。 ?Both she and he are middle school students. 他和她都是中学生。 【注意】(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或事(物)时，主语后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。 ?The writer and artist has come. 那个兼有作家和艺术家双重身份的人来了。 ?To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。 (2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果有no, each, every, more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 ?No boy and no girl likes it. 男孩和女孩没有一个喜欢这个的。
主谓一致 主谓一致（Subject-Verb Concord）即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致，语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致，意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致，就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。 表里不一 主谓一致中的"表里不一"现象 1,"more than one +名词"作主语时，谓语动词常用单数.例如： More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花. 2,"many a +名词"作主语时，从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词常用单数.例如：Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树. 3,"half of ,the rest of ,most of ,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如： Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖. 4,all指人时，动词用复数；all指物时，动词用单数.例如： "All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了，一切进展顺利 5,what引导的主语从句，谓语动词可视表语而定：表语是单数名词时，动词用单数，相反，则用复数.例如： What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书. 6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each ,every ,no修饰，该名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式.例如： No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔. 7,当主语后面有as well as ,with ,along with ,together with ,but ,like ,rather than ,except，逗号加and连接几个名词等引导的短语时，谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如： My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过. 8,each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语来决定，与each无关.例如：They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车. 9,动词不定式，动词-ing形式短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数.例如： Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯. 10,the following作主语时，谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如：The following are good examples下面是一些好例子. 11,以-ics结尾的学科名词，如politics ,physics ,mathematics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news ,works ,plastics等同属此类.例如：
主谓一致 定义：主谓一致是指主语和谓语的单复数形式要一致。 1）语法一致原则，即主语语法形式上的单复数形式与谓语的单复数复数形式要一致。The girl has found her mother. 2）意义一致原则，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。致。Three years in a strange land seems like a long time. 3）就(靠)近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如：There is one desk and two chairs in the room. There are two chairs and one desk in the room. There is much water in the thermos. 但当但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 一并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important. 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C.。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。
主谓一致 1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。 2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 （1）语法一致原则：主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 I often help him and he often helps me. （2）意义一致原则：主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 The police are searching the woods for the murderer. （3）就近一直原则：当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。 并列主语的谓语一致 1.And （1）两个单数名词用and连接，表示不同概念时，谓语用发复数。 Tom and Jack are close friends. （2）两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一歌人、同一个物，同一个概念，或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语用单数。 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. （3）被every，each，many a，no等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语仍用单数，其中，后一个限定词可以省略。 every ……and ……every，each……and……each，no……and……no, many a……and……many a。 Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. （4）一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。 Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。 Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying. （5）由and连接的两个what的从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数 What he says and does do not agree.（言行不一致） What he says and does does not concern me. 2.由either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和邻近的主语一致。 Either Tom or I is going there. 3、“with/along with/together with/as well as/as much as/expect/besides/including/rather than/but/等+名词”结构时，谓语单复数不受这些词影响。 You father as well as you is very kind to me, 某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 1.集合名词 （1）表示整体概念，强调一致性，谓语动词用单数形式；强调每一个成员，谓语动词用复数。 如：family，company, committee, government, nation,
中考英语语法之主谓一致、就近原则讲解 【导读】就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity)，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。小编在此搜集整理了中考英语语法之就近原则讲解，希望对大家有所帮助。 I.在正式文体中： 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语："there be+句型;or;either…or;nor;neither…nor;whether…or;not…but;not only…but also";等。e.g. ①What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行为或言谈都与我无关。 ②Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。 ③Not you but your father is to blame.不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。 ④Not only you but(also)he is wrong.不仅你错了，他也错了。 2.在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。 e.g. ①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。 ②There is(are)a pen and some books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。 II.非正式文体中： 有时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g. Neither she nor I were there(意义一致)我和他当时都不在那儿。(非正式) Neither she nor I was there.(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式) 但是，如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g.
Module 3 Unit 3 新课标单词 civilization n 文明 lecture n 讲座 volcano n 火山 erupt vi （火山等）爆发 ash n 火山灰；灰，灰烬 rock n 岩石 unfortunately adv 不幸地 bury vt 埋，埋葬；安葬 stone 石，石头 director n 主管，负责人，主任 mud n 泥，泥浆，烂泥 body n 尸体 destroy vt 破坏，摧毁 house vt 收藏，储藏 wealthy adj 富有的，富裕的commercial adj 商业的，贸易的gradually adv 渐渐地，逐渐地sandstorm n 沙尘暴，风沙 cultural adj 文化的 institute n（教育，专业等的）机构，研究所Swedish adj 瑞典的，瑞典人的；瑞典语的ruin n (常作ruins)废墟，遗迹 remains n 遗迹，遗址，残留物 paint vt （用颜料等）画；油漆 pot n 罐，壶 material n 材料，物质document n 文献，文件 temple n 庙，寺庙 workshop n 车间；作坊 enormous adj 巨大的，庞大的 wise adj 明智的；高明的；英明的heat n 热，热度 drive vt 迫使（某人生气，发疯等）passage n 通道，过道 burial n 埋葬 burial chamber 墓室 bone n 骨，骨头 wooden adj 木制的 condition n 状态，状况，条件，情形uncover vt 发现，揭开（盖子）feed vt 为……提供食物，养活concerned adj 担心的，关心的citizen n 市民 major adj 主要的 carry out 实施，执行，进行 airfield n 机场 bomb vt 轰炸n 炸弹 explode vi 爆炸 board n 甲板，木版 sink vi & vt (使)下沉，（使）沉浸airplane n 飞机 president n 总统
I．单数主语： 1．当every-, some-, any-, no- 等构成的不定代词及each, either, neither 作主语时，谓语动词为单数。 ● Someone has told me about it. ● Neither of us likes the film. 2．当every 或each 位于两个由连接词连接的单数主语前，谓语动词用单数。（必记之要点！） ● Each girl and boy has a nickname. ● Every man and woman is welcome. 3．位于主谓之间的介词短语不影响谓语动词的数，谓语动词须和主语一致。常见介词短语有：in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc. （这是一几乎所有考试都不愿放过的重点。） ● The teacher along with his students i s going to the party. ● His parents as well as his elder sister have come to see him. II．复数主语： 1．当主语由and 或both ... and 连接，通常采用复数谓语动词。 ● Both the girl an d the boy are his friends. 2．如主语是both, few或主语前有both, few, several, many 等限定词时，谓语动词须用复数。 ● Several novels have been written by her. ● Both got the news at the same time. 3．下列名词总是复数形式且谓语动词必须用复数。 trousers, pants, jeans, glasses, scissors, tweezers, plier, scales , compasses, etc. ● The trousers here are mine.
小学英语语法中的主谓一致 1) 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2) 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3) 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important. 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C.。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。 2 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2)当either or 与neither nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致
主谓一致 主谓一致指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数的形式上的一致关系。这种一致关系通常牵涉到三个不同的基本原则： 语法一致原则句子主语和谓语动词在单复数形式上保持一致。 而是取决于意义一致原则句子主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于主语的单复数形式， 主语的单复数意义。 谓语动词的单复数形式由最靠近它的名词就近原则当句子中有若干个并列主语出现， 决定。 I.以–s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致 II.集合名词作主语时的主谓一致 III.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 IV.表示数量的名词短语作主语时的主谓一致 V.一些句型结构的主谓一致（定语从句、存在句、强调句、名词性从句、非谓语形式作主语） VI.其他结构中的主谓一致 I.以–s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致 1.以–s 结尾的表示体育活动的名词作主语 2.以–ics 结尾的表示学科的名词作主语 3.以–s 结尾的地理名词作主语 4.以–s 结尾的由两部分组成的名词作主语 5.* 以–ings 结尾的动名词作主语 6.其他以–s 结尾的名词 II.集合名词作主语时的主谓一致 集合名词指的是同一类人或物的集合体，其中有的是复数含义，有的是不可数含义，有的根据不同的上下文，既可以有复数含义，也可以有单数含义。 1. 通常用作复数的集合名词 这类名词包括people, police, cattle, *poultry, *vermin 等。在它们之后的谓语动词用复数形式。 e.g. The police are in search of the murderer. Cattle provide us with milk and beef. People 解释为“民族”时为单数形式，复数时词尾要加s。 e.g. There are fifty-six peoples in China. 2.通常用作单数的集合名词 machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise, foliage 等。在它们之后的谓语动词用单数形