大学研究生基础英语试卷及答案

考研大学英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The company has just announced a new policy that will come into effect from the beginning of next month.A) effectiveB) efficientC) sufficientD) deficient答案：A2. Despite the heavy rain, she managed to arrive at the meeting on time.A) in spite ofB) because ofC) regardless ofD) due to答案：A3. The professor's lecture was so engaging that the students were completely absorbed in it.A) distractedB) boredC) fascinatedD) indifferent答案：C4. The government has taken measures to ensure that the new regulations are strictly enforced.A) implementedB) ignoredC) delayedD) debated答案：A5. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the history of the region.A) detailedB) superficialC) completeD) partial答案：C6. The negotiations between the two countries were prolonged due to unresolved issues.A) shortenedB) extendedC) interruptedD) concluded答案：B7. The artist's work was highly praised for its originality and creativity.A) imitationB) plagiarismC) uniquenessD) monotony答案：C8. The report suggests that the company's profits havesignificantly increased this year.A) decreasedB) remained stableC) fluctuatedD) soared答案：D9. The scientist's findings have been widely acclaimed in the academic community.A) criticizedB) ignoredC) debatedD) celebrated答案：D10. The committee is currently reviewing the application to determine its eligibility.A) suitabilityB) ineligibilityC) unsuitabilityD) irrelevance答案：A二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）1. The ________ of the project will be discussed at the next meeting.答案：feasibility2. The ________ of the disease has been linked to poor living conditions.答案：prevalence3. The ________ of the old bridge was a major concern for the city council.答案：stability4. The ________ of the company's stock has been rising steadily.答案：value5. The ________ of the new policy has been met with mixed reactions.答案：implementation6. The ________ of the ancient ruins was a significant discovery for archaeologists.答案：excavation7. The ________ of the forest has been causing concern among environmentalists.答案：deforestation8. The ________ of the patient's condition requires immediate medical attention.答案：severity9. The ________ of the experiment was successful, leading to important findings.答案：conduct10. The ________ of the book is not only informative but also entertaining.答案：narrative三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读下列短文，然后回答问题。

2024考研英语试题及答案2024年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Part I Use of English (10 points)Directions: Read the text below and answer the questions by choosing the correct option marked A, B, C, or D.The world is changing rapidly, and so are the ways in whichwe work. The traditional 1 office environment is beingreplaced by a more flexible and 2 workplace. This shift has been driven by advancements in technology, which have made it possible for employees to work 3 from anywhere.1. A. static B. dynamic C. rigid D. flexible2. A. efficient B. comfortable C. productive D. diverse3. A. occasionally B. simultaneously C. effortlessly D. regularlyThe benefits of this new way of working are numerous. Employees can achieve a better 4 between work and life, which can lead to increased job satisfaction and 5 . Productivityis also likely to improve, as workers can create a work environment that is tailored to their 6 needs and preferences.4. A. balance B. contrast C. comparison D. ratio5. A. motivation B. confusion C. frustration D.disappointment6. A. individual B. collective C. social D. economicDespite these advantages, there are challenges that come with the new working model. One of the main issues is thepotential for 7 isolation, as employees may feel disconnected from their colleagues. To address this, companies are 8 exploring new ways to foster a sense of community and collaboration among remote workers.7. A. acute B. chronic C. temporary D. perpetual8. A. reluctantly B. cautiously C. actively D. passivelyIt is clear that the future of work is evolving. As we continue to adapt to these changes, it is important for both employers and employees to be 9 to the needs of the modern workforce and to embrace the 10 that come with it.9. A. responsive B. resistant C. oblivious D. indifferent10. A. opportunities B. obstacles C. drawbacks D. liabilitiesQuestions 1 to 10:1. C2. D3. C4. A5. A6. A7. A8. C9. A10. APart II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section ADirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the correct option marked A, B, C, or D.Text 1In recent years, the popularity of e-books has surged, leading to a significant decline in the sales of traditional printed books. However, despite the convenience andportability of e-books, many readers still prefer the tactile experience of holding a physical book. A new study has found that the sensory experience of reading a physical book can enhance the reader's ability to remember what they have read.The study, conducted by researchers at the University of California, compared the reading habits of two groups of people: one group read physical books, while the other reade-books. The results showed that those who read physical books had a better recollection of the content they had read compared to those who read e-books. The researchers believe that the physical act of turning pages and the feel of paper may contribute to a deeper engagement with the material.Questions 11 to 15 are based on Text 1.11. What is the main reason for the decline in sales of printed books?A. The rise of e-book popularity.B. The increase in the price of printed books.C. The lack of variety in printed books.D. The poor quality of printed books.12. What does the new study suggest about the reading of physical books?A. It is more enjoyable.B. It helps in better memory retention.C. It is more cost-effective.D. It is more environmentally friendly.13. What was the basis of the comparison made in the study?A. The number of books read.B. The reading speed of participants.C. The recollection of the content.D. The preference for e-books or physical books.14. What is the researchers' belief regarding the advantages of physical books?A. They are more durable.B. They offer a richer sensory experience.C. They are easier to carry around.D. They are more affordable.15. What can be inferred from the text about e-books?A. They are less engaging.B. They are more popular among younger readers.C. They are becoming increasingly expensive.D. They are more convenient but may affect memory.11. A12. B13. C14. B15. DText 2The concept of a "smart city" has been gaining traction globally. A smart city is an urban area that uses different types of electronic data collection sensors to supply information which is used to manage assets and resources efficiently. The goal is to improve the quality of life for citizens by making the city more。

研究生英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. The new policy will come into _______ on the first day of next month.A. effectB. effortC. affectD. afford答案：A2. Despite the heavy rain, the construction work is still_______.A. in progressB. in processC. in prospectD. in prospect答案：A3. She _______ the letter without reading it and threw it into the dustbin.A. glanced atB. looked overC. glanced throughD. looked up答案：C4. The professor gave a lecture on the _______ of the novel.A. significanceB. similarityC. similarityD. simplicity答案：A5. The company has _______ its employees to work from home due to the pandemic.A. enforcedB. encouragedC. requiredD. prohibited答案：B二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下列短文，然后回答后面的问题。

Passage 1In recent years, the concept of a "smart city" has gained popularity. A smart city is one that uses information and communication technology to enhance the quality and performance of urban services, to reduce costs, resource consumption, and to improve the competitiveness of the city. The implementation of smart city technology can lead to a more efficient use of resources, better traffic management, and improved public safety.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The definition of a smart city.B. The benefits of smart city technology.C. The popularity of smart city technology.D. The implementation of smart city technology.答案：A7. According to the passage, what are the outcomes of implementing smart city technology?A. Reduced costs and resource consumption.B. Improved public safety.C. Enhanced quality of urban services.D. All of the above.答案：DPassage 2The traditional classroom is being transformed by the use of technology. Interactive whiteboards, tablets, and laptops are now common in classrooms, allowing for a more dynamic and engaging learning experience. Teachers can use these tools to present information in various formats, such as text, images, and videos, and students can interact with the content inreal time.8. What is the passage mainly about?A. The transformation of traditional classrooms.B. The use of technology in classrooms.C. The benefits of interactive whiteboards.D. The presentation of information in various formats.答案：B9. What can teachers do with the use of technology in classrooms?A. Present information in various formats.B. Make the classroom more dynamic.C. Engage students in real time.D. Both A and C.答案：D三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

07-1 PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. If innovators are not financially rewarded for their innovations, the incentive forpath-breaking innovation will eventually dry up.A. investmentB. resourceC. inspirationD. stimulus22. These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a day despitethe appalling workingconditions.A. bewilderingB. exasperatingC. dismayingD. upsetting23. Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting andphotography.A. all at onceB. by and byC. to some extentD. on the whole24. The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about theconsequences.A. optimisticB. anxiousC. uncertainD. scared25. There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents' wishes.A. enhancedB. revisedC. alternatedD. modified26. The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery.A. arisen fromB. contributed toC. patched upD. participated in27. Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurorsprevailed.A. resignedB. compromisedC. persistedD. dominated28. Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jeffersoncontended that the countryshould remain chiefly agricultural.A. inclinedB. struggledC. arguedD. competed29. There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.A. on occasionB. at presentC. by nowD. for sure30. TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifyingvictims' families.A. brieflyB. quicklyC. accuratelyD. earnestlySection B (0.5 point each)31. New York probably has the largest number of different language _________ in the world.A. neighborhoodsB. communitiesC. clustersD. assemblies32. Nuclear wastes are considered to _____ a threat to human health and marine life.poseB. imposeC. exposeD. pose33. Some states in the US have set _____ standards concerning math and science tests.A. energeticB.vigorousC. rigorousD. grave34. This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized ___________.A. presentationB. instructionC. convictionD.obligation35. Because of ______ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting along witheach other.A. incomprehensibleB. incomparableC. inconceivableD. incompatible36. As __________China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthenanti-corruption activities are gaining momentum.A. in the light ofB. in the event ofC. in the case ofD. in the course of37. According to an Australian research, moderate drinkers ________ better thinkers thanheavy drinkers or those who never drink.A. end upB. take upC. put upD. turn up38. Strangely enough, an old man ______ me and introduced himself, who turned out tobe a friend of my father’s.A. stood up toB. walked up toC. lived up toD. added up to39. Many children often _____ why airplanes can fly like birds while we humanscannot.A. assumeB. anticipateC. assureD. wonder40. The FDA was created to _______ the safety of products, review applications and grantapprovals.A. manipulateB. adjustC. regulateD. managePART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Tall people earn considerably more money throughout their lives than their shorterco-workers, with each inch adding about US$789 a year in pay, according to a new study."Height 41 career success," says Timothy Judge, a University of Floridaprofessor of management, who led the study. "These findings are troubling since, with afew 42 , such as professional basketball, no one could argue that height issomething essential required for job 43 ," Judge points out.Judge analyzed results of four large-scale studies in the US and Britain that followedthousands of people from childhood to adulthood, examining details of their work andpersonal lives. "If you take this 44 the course of a 30-year career, we're talkingabout literally hundreds of thousands of dollars of earnings 45 that a tall personenjoys," Judge said.Greater height boosted both subjective ratings of work performance--a supervisor's 46 of how effective someone is-- and 47 measures of performance--such assales volume. Being tall may boost self-confidence, improving performance. Otherpeople may also give higher 48 and greater respect to a tall person, giving theman edge in negotiating states, he says.The commanding influence of height may be a remainder of our evolutionary49 . Maybe from a time when humans lived among animals and size was 50 power and strength used when making "fight or run" decisions.41. A. makes out B. works in C. takes on D. matters for42.A. cases B. exceptions C. examples D. problems43. A. performance B. operation C. condition D. environment44.A. on B. with C. over D. to45. A. deficiency B. advantage C. lossD. necessity46. A. imagination B. decision C. judge D. evaluation47. A. relative B. absolute C. objective D.initiative48. A. state B. status C. situation D. statue49. A. origins B. sources C. courses D. organizations50.A. a time in B. a hold on C. a work at D. a sign ofPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneAt the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), a student loaded his classnotes into a handheld e-mail device and tried to read them during an exam: a classmateturned him in. At the University of Nevada at Las Vegas (UNLV) students photographedtest questions with their cellphone cameras and transmitted them to classmates. Theuniversity put in place a new examination-supervision system. "If they'd spend as muchtime studying, they'd all be A students," says Ron Yasbin, dean of the College ofSciences of UNLV.With a variety of electronic devices, American students find it easier to cheat. Andcollege officials find themselves in a new game of cat and mouse. They are trying to fightwould-be cheats in the exam season by cutting off Internet access from laptops, demanding the surrender of cellphones before tests or simply requiring that exams betaken with pens and paper."It is annoying. My hand-writing is so bad," said Ryan Dapremont, 21 who justfinished his third year at PepperdineUniversity in California. He had to take his examson paper. Dapremont said technology has made cheating easier, but plagiarism(剽窃) inwriting papers was probably the biggest problem. Students can lift other people's writingsoff the Internet without attributing them.Still, some students said they thought cheating these days was more a product of themindset, not the tools at hand. "Some people put too much emphasis on where they'regoing to go in the future, and all they're thinking about is graduate school and the nextstep," said Lindsay Nicholas, a third-year student at UCLA. She added that pressure tosucceed "sometimes clouds everything and makes people do things that they shouldn'tdo."Some professors said they tried to write exams for which it was hard to cheat,posing questions that outside resources would not help answer. Many officials said thatthey rely on campus honor codes. They said the most important thing was to teachstudents not to cheat in the first place.51. One student at UCLA was found cheating ________________.A. when he was loading his class notes into a handheld e-mail deviceB. when he was trying to tell the answers to his classmatesC. after the university put in place a new examination-supervision systemD. after his classmate reported his cheating to the authority52. According to Ron Yasbin, all the cheating students _____________.A. should be severely punished for their dishonestyB. didn't have much time to study before the examC. could get the highest grades if they had studied hard enoughD. could be excused because they were not familiar with the new system53. To win the new game of cat and mouse in examinations, the college officials have to______________.A. use many high-tech devicesB. cut off Internet access on campusC. turn to the oral exanimation formsD. cut off the use of high-tech devices54. According to Ryan Dapremont, ______________.A. examinations taken with pens and paper were useless in fighting cheatingB. his examination paper was under-graded because of his bad hand-writingC. cheating was more serious in writing papers than in examinationsD. it was more difficult for him to lift other people's writings off the Internet55. Which of the following is probably the most Significant measure to fight cheating?A. Putting less emphasis on where the students are going to go in the future.B. Letting students know that honesty is more important.C. Writing examinations for which it is hard to cheat.D. Setting up more strict campus honor codes.56. The best title of the passage might be_____________.A. Cheating Has Gone High-techB. Game of Cat and MouseC. A New Examination-supervision SystemD. Measures to Fight Against DishonestyPassage TwoTop marathon runners tend to be lean and light, star swimmers are long thighs withhuge feet and gold medal weightlifters are solid blocks of muscle with short arms andlegs. So, does your physical shape--and the way your body works--fit you for aparticular sport? Or does your body develop a certain way because of your chosen sport?"It's about 55:45, genes to the environment," says Mike Rennie, professor of clinicalphysiology at Britain's University of Nottingham Medical School. Rennie cites the caseof identical twins from Germany, one of whom was a long-distance athlete, the other apowerful sportsman, so, "They look quite different, despite being identical twins."Someone who's 1.5-meters tall has little chance of becoming an elite basketballplayer. Still, being over two meters tall won't automatically push you to Olympic gold."Unless you have tactical sense where needed, unless you have access to good equipment,medical care and the psychological conditions, and unless you are able to drive yourself through pain, all the physical strength will be in vain," said Craig Sharp, professor ofsports science at Britain's Brunel University.Jonathan Robinson, an applied sports scientist at the University of Bath's sportsdevelopment department, in southwest England, points to the importance of technique."In swimming only 5-10 per cent of the propelling force comes from the legs, sotechnique is vital."Having the right physique for the right sport is a good starting point. Seventeenyears ago, the Australian Institute of Sport started a national Talent Search Program,which searched schools for 14-16-year-olds with the potential to be elite athletes. One oftheir first finds was Megan Still, world champion rower. In 1987, Still had never pickedup an oar in her life. But she had almost the perfect physique for a rower. After intensivetraining, she won gold in women's rowing in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.Other countries have followed the Australian example. Now the explosion of geneticknowledge has meant that there is now a search, not just for appropriate physique but alsofor "performance genes."57. It can be concluded from the passage that__________.A. physical strength is more important for sportspersons' successB. training conditions are more important for sportspersons' successC. genes are more important for sportspersons' successD. psychological conditions are more important for sportspersons' success58. The case of identical twins from Germany shows that_________.A. environment can help determine people's body shapeB. genes are the decisive factors for people's body shapeC. identical twins are likely to enjoy different sportsD. identical twins may have different genes for different sports59. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Craig Sharp as a required quality for asportsperson to win an Olympic gold medal?A. The physical strength.B. The right training conditions.C. The talent for the sports.D. The endurance for pains.60. Seventeen years ago Megan Still was chosen for rowing because____________.A. she had the talent for rowingB. her body shape was right for a rowerC. she had the performance genesD. she was a skillful rower61. The word "elite" in Paragraph 5 means ________ .A. the most wealthyB. the most skilledC. the most industriousD. the most intelligent62. The elite athletes of the future may come from people who naturally possess___________.A. the best body shapes and an iron purposeB. the extremes of the right physique and strong willsC. the right psychological conditions and sports talentsD. the right physique and genes for sportsPassage ThreeFor years, a network of citizens' groups and scientific bodies has been claiming thatscience of global warming is inconclusive. But who funded them?Exxon's involvement is well known. ExxonMobil is the world's most profitablecorporation. It makes most of its money from oil, and has more to lose than any othercompany from efforts to tackle climate change. To safeguard its profits, ExxonMobilneeds to sow doubt about whether serious action needs to be taken on climate change.But there are difficulties: it must confront a scientific consensus as strong as that whichmaintains that smoking causes lung cancer or that HIV causes Aids. So what's itsstrategy?The website , using data found in the company's official documents,lists 124 organizations that have taken money from the company or work closely withthose that have. These organizations take a consistent line on climate change: that thescience is contradictory, the scientists are split, environmentalists are liars or lunatics, andif governments took action to prevent global warming, they would be endangering theglobal economy for no good reason. The findings these organizations dislike are labeled"junk science". The findings they welcome are labeled "sound science".This is not to claim that all the science these groups champion is bogus. On thewhole, they use selection, not invention. They will find one contradictory study - such asthe discovery of tropospheric (对流层的) cooling - and promote it relentlessly. They willcontinue to do so long after it has been disproved by further work. So, for example, JohnChristy, the author of the troposphere paper, admitted in August 2005 that his figureswere incorrect, yet his initial findings are still being circulated and championed by manyof these groups, as a quick internet search will show you.While they have been most effective in the United States, the impacts of theclimate-change deniers sponsored by Exxon have been felt all over the world. Bydominating the media debate on climate change during seven or eight critical years inwhich urgent international talks should have been taking place, by constantly seedingdoubt about the science just as it should have been most persuasive, they have justifiedthe money their sponsors have spent on them many times over. 63. Which of the following has NOT been done by the organizations to establish theirposition on climate change'?A. Damaging the reputation of environmentalists.B. Emphasizing the lack of consensus among scientists.C. Stressing the unnecessary harm to tile global economy.D. Protecting the scientific discoveries from being misused.64. Which of the following is closest in meaning to "bogus' (in Paragraph 4)?A. Reasonable.B. Fake.C. Limitless.D. Inconsistent.65. John Christy is mentioned to show_______________.A. how closely these organizations work with scientistsB. how these organizations select scientific findings for theirownpurposeC. how important correct data are for scientists to make sound discoveriesD. how one man's mistake may set back the progress of science66. The organizations sponsored by Exxon ___________.A. have lived up to their promisesB. have almost caused worldwide chaosC. have failed to achieve their original goalD. have misunderstood the request of the sponsor67. The passage is mainly focused on____________.A. Exxon's involvement in scientific scandalsB. Exxon's contributions to the issue of climate changeC. Exxon's role in delaying solutions to global warmingD. Exxon's efforts to promote more scientific discoveries68. What is the author's tone in presenting the passage?A. Factual.B. Praiseful.C. Biased.D. Encouraging.Passage FourWhere anyone reaching the age of 60 was considered to be near death's door at theturn of the 20th century, it is barely old enough for retirement at the turn of the 21stcentury. And scientists are still not holding back. They say that as new anti-ageingtreatments become available, our species will get even older. While few would argue thatliving longer is an attractive idea, therapid increase in the number of years begs aquestion: Can our health expectancy be as close as possible to our life expectancy?Predictions for future health expectancy have changed over the past few decades. Inthe 1980s, life expectancy was increasing but the best data suggested that for everyincreased year of life expectancy, a greater fraction was disabled life expectancy. Whatwe would see was a piling up of chronic illness and related disability which medicalscience couldn't prevent.But that world view changed suddenly in the early 1990s with the publication of astudy by researchers at DukeUniversity, who had been following the health of 20,000people for almost a decade. They showed that disability among the elderly was not onlydropping, but it was doing so at an ever-increasing rate.Arian Richardson, director of the Barshop Institute for Ageing and Longevityresearch, predicts that understanding the mechanisms behind calorie restriction and othergenetic reasons behind ageing could be used within the next two decades to give peopleseveral extra healthy years of life. Restrict how much an animal eats, for example, and itwill live longer. In lab experiments, rats on calorie-restricted diets were found to bephysiologically younger, got diseases later in life and, at any rate, had less severe cases."From the models that have been looked at, the increase in lifespan is usually in the rangeof 15-30% maximum," says Richardson. Cutting calories is thought to trigger a switch inan animal's behaviour from normal to a state of stasis in which growth and ageing aretemporarily put on hold. When food becomes available again, the animal's behaviourswitches back.Richardson says that thinking about stopping ageing is a "little bit silly" at themoment but doesn't dismiss it altogether, arguing that none of the illnesses related toageing should be inevitable. Start with a high-quality body (and that means eating yourgreens, not smoking and doing lots of exercise in your younger days) and you can keep itgoing for longer with high quality maintenance. "It'll be like the difference between aRolls-Royce and a cheap car."69. It can be seen from the first paragraph that people have doubts on whether _____________.A. is possible to live a longer healthyandlifeB. humans can live as long as scientists predictC. living longer is still considered a good ideaD. new anti-ageing treatments are safe for humans70. In the 1980s, the data on people's health expectancy_______________.A. gave an optimistic predictionB. showed an unclear futureC. led to a pessimistic perceptionD. turned out to be a mixed blessing71. In the lab experiment on rats,_____________.A. food restriction is not the only factor proved to have workedB. responses to food restriction vary from animal to animalC. the animals' lifespan increases with the amount of food eatenD.different amounts of food cause a change in the animals' behavior72. Richardson believes that_________.A. it is impossible for humans to stop ageingB. it is worthless to talk about stopping ageingC. stopping ageing is a dream that may come trueD. illness is the biggest obstacle to stopping ageing73. Rolls-Royce is used to convey the idea that_______________.A. quality life is out of reach for most peopleB. quality life can slow down the process of agingC. how long one can live depends on the genes one carriesD. the more money one invests in health, the healthier one will be.74. The most suitable title for the passage is“___________”.A. Problems of An Ageing SocietyB. Health Care for the ElderlyC. Eating Healthier, Living LongerD.The Future of Old AgePassage FiveIn dealing with a student who is acting aggressively toward his classmates, you wantto send a strong message that aggressive behavior will not be tolerated in your classroom.In addition, you want to help him develop more appropriate ways of settling disputes withhis peers.If two elementary school students are engaged in a fight, use a strong loud voice tostop it. If that doesn't work, you might say something odd ("Look up! The ceiling isfalling!") to divert their attention. If they still don't stop and you can't separate them,send a student to the office to get help. If a crowd of children is gathering, insist that theymove away or sit down, perhaps clapping your hands to get their attention: After theincident is over, meet with the combatants together so they can give you their versions ofwhat happened and you can help them resolve any lingering problems. Also notify theparents.Speak in a firm, no-nonsense manner to stop a student's aggressive behavior: usephysical restraint as a last resort. When responding to the student, pay attention to yourverbal as well as non-verbal language. Even if he is yelling at you, stay calm. Allow himto express what he is upset about without interrupting him and then acknowledge hisfeelings. Avoid crossing your arms, pointing a finger or making threats: any of thoseactions could intensify his anger and stiffen his resistance.You might conclude that a student's aggressive behavior warrants separating himfrom the rest of the class, either to send him a strong message that what he did merits aserious consequence or to protect the other students. You can do that by giving him a timeout in class or by sending him to the office.Although he might expect you to react punitively, surprise him by reactingsupportively. Express your confidence that he can resolve problems without being hurtfulto his peers. Tell him that you think he must be upset about something to lose control ashe did and you want to understand what might be bothering him. If he does open up toyou, listen attentively without interrupting. Speaking m a calm voice, tell him that youunderstand why he was upset, but stress that he has to find a way to express his angerwith words rather than with his hands.You don't want to force an aggressive student to say he is sorry because that mightfuel his anger, however, you do want to strongly encourage him to make amends with thestudent he hit. If he is willing to do that, it will help soothe hurt feelings and avoid futureconflicts.75. What is the purpose of saying something odd when seeing students in a fight?A. To please the students.B. To surprise the students.C. To get the students' attention.D. To distract the students' attention.76. What is to be done about a student's aggressive behavior?A. Respond calmly but finny.B. Tell the student's parents immediately.C. Ask other students for help to stop the action.D. Have the student go to see the principal.77. What is NOT encouraged to do toward an aggressive student?A. Use physical restraint.B. Give the student a time out.C. Point at the student or make threats.D. Talk with the student privately.78. What does the word "'punitively" (in Paragraph 5) probably mean?A. Surprisingly.B. Depressingly.C. Involving persuasion.D. Involving punishment.79. What might be the last step to help all aggressive student?A. Encourage the student to be nice to the student he hit.B. Ask the student to promise he'll never do it again.C. Force the student to apologize for his behavior.D. Persuade the student to open up to you.80. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Problems in Classrooms.B. Dealing with Student Aggression.C. Aggressive Behavior in Classrooms.D. Settling a Student Fight.PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)One of the unintended consequences of the flattening world is that it puts differentsocieties and cultures in much greater direct contact with one another. It connects peopleto people much faster than people and cultures can often prepare themselves. Somecultures thrive on the sudden opportunities for collaboration that this global intimacymakes possible. Others are frustrated, and even humiliated by this close contact, which,among other things, makes it easy for people to see where they stand in the world inrelation to everyone else. All of this helps to account for the emergence of one of themost devastating forces today - the suicide bombers and other terrorist organizationswhich have no regard for human lives and which it is in our best interest to wipe out.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)该法案旨在对美国中小学进行教育改革并使所有儿童有机会得到高质量的教育。

2007-6PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.A. compellingB. rationalC. ridiculousD. ambiguous22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.A. supportB. restrictC. raiseD. modify23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors' instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.A. abundantB. controversialC. conduciveD. convincing25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A. more wealthyB. less successfulC. dismissed earlierD. favorably positioned26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you'll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches.A. believedB. discardedC. advocatedD. confirmed28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A. assessingB. cuttingC. elevatingD. altering29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.A. dashedB. filedC. strolledD. swarmedSection B (0.5 point each)31._________this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home.A. humbleB. obscureC. inferiorD. lower33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible.A. humidityB. humanityC. harmonyD. honesty34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life.A. vesselB. vestC. ventureD. vehicle35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who ___six years of instruction.A. set aboutB. run forC. sit throughD. make for36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an evendeeper ______between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm.A. accustomed toB. committed toC. applied toD. suited to38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths.A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient's life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk.A. exposeB. leadC. contributeD. send40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun.A. tourB. travelC. visitD. tripPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)HarvardUniversity's under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard's curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization."Harvard needs to 43 its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and science in general are ever more important," said Kirby.Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university." 46 studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a university in China."It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required "core curriculum". The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized "ways of knowing".Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49 "Harvard College Courses", emphasizing knowledge over methodology and 50 wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, HarvardCollege dean.41. A. inspecting B. reviewing C. searching D. underlying42. A. in accordance with B. in line with C. in charge of D. in response to43. A. update B. uphold C. upset D. upward44. A. trust-worthy B. note-worthy C. praise-worthy D. reward-worthy45. A. turn out B. turn in C. turn to D. turn over46. A. In spite of B. As if C. Let alone D. Rather than47. A. perish B. destroy C. abolish D. denounce48. A. appropriate B. imaginative C. special D. specific49. A. optical B. optional C. opposite D. optimistic50. A. sparing B. spiraling C. spanning D. sparklingPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneA report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.'? Quite a lot, it turns out.Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes(烟气). Also don't walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the driver's side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.51. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to fight air pollution in big cities.B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________.A. can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disasterB. cannot be compared with the disaster in ChernobylC. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disasterD. can be more serious than we used to think53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________.A. where the wind is comingB. where the wind is goingC. where the wind is weakerD. where the wind is stronger54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________.A. on the left side in the busB. on the right side in the busC. in the middle of the busD. at the back of the bus55. It is implied in the passage that ________.A. people should not take street level transportationB. tiny iron particles will not cause health problemsC. air pollution on an underground train is less poisonousD. traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________.A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduceB. stay away from the traffic as far as possibleC. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the streetD. count down for the light to changePassage TwoGlobal warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. "Wouldn't it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn't it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action," Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley's research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn't predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider."This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it's part of that because we're not going to get along with each other if we're not getting along with the planet," Alley said.57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________.A. can be easedB. can be endedC. will become worseD. will last for decades58. Ally's research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________.A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patternsB. subtle changes in atmospheric patternsC. humans' burning of fossil fuelD. increasing levels of carbon dioxide59. The word "upbeat" (in Paragraph 3) probably means __________.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. worriedD. insensible60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming?A. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate.C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels.D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into ______.A. a region like SiberiaB. a warmer and warmer placeC. a tropical regionD. a place like North Pole62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world isA. lack of harmonyB. violenceC. global warmingD. climate shiftPassage ThreeWe're talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending.Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It's nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don't work out that way. They point to an idea called the "paradox of thrift." Imagine you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don't have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.It's a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won't buy things that they need.In a recent series of experiments, scientists at StanfordUniversity in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful.If you think you really want that product because it's beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product.63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________.A. enjoy their present life as much as possibleB. spend every penny they have earnedC. save every penny for the futureD. save some money for later use64. According to the context, "paradox" (in Paragraph 2) probably means “__________”.A. contradictionB. hypothesisC. declarationD. assertion65. It is implied that many people in the UK and the United StatesA. have to work hard to make ends meetB. spend more than they can affordC. have trouble in paying back their debtsD. don't pay back their debts on time66. According to the resent studies made by economists, people__________.A. take pleasure in buying useless thingsB. won't buy things that they need.C. spend their money irrationallyD. make rational choices while spending their money67. It has been proved by the scientists at StanfordUniversity that some people like to save money because_____.A. they like keeping their money in the bankB. they will feel safe if they save enough money for the futureC. they don't want to spend their money on useless thingsD. spending money gives them pain68. The passage mainly tells us_________.A. how to spend our moneyB. it is better to save some money for the futureC. it is the chemicals released from the brain that decide our spendingD. how to form a habit of rational spendingPassage FourTrees are good. Good enough to hug. Planting trees will make the world cooler than it would otherwise be. This is the subject of a newly published study by GovindasamyBala, of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in California, and his colleagues. DrBala has found, rather counter-intuitively, that removing all of the world's trees might actually cool the planet down.The reason for this is that trees affect the world's temperature by means other than the carbon they take in. For instance forests remain quite a dark shade even after a snowstorm. They are certainly darker than grasslands, and thus they can absorb more of the sun's heat than vegetation which might otherwise cover the same stretch of land. That warms things up.DrBala and his colleagues took such effects into account using a computer model called the Integrated Climate and Carbon Model. Unlike most climate-change models, which calculate how the Earth should absorb and radiate heat in response to a list of greenhouse-gas concentrations, this one has many subsections that represent how the carbon cycle works, and how it influences the climate.Overall, DrBala's model suggests that complete deforestation would cause an additional 1.3ْC temperature rise compared with business as usual, because of the higher carbon-dioxide levels that would result. However, the additional reflectivity of the planet would cause 1.6ْC of cooling. A treeless world would thus be 0.3ْC cooler than otherwise.No one, of course, would consider chopping down the world's forests to keep the planet cool. But having made their point, DrBala and his colleagues then went on to look at forest growth and loss at different latitudes. Planting trees in convenient places such as Europe and North America may actually be counterproductive. In Russia and Canada, cutting trees down led mostly to localcooling. The carbon dioxide this released into the atmosphere, though, warmed the world all over. Around the equator, by contrast, warming acted locally (as well as globally), so a tropical country would experience warming created by cutting down trees.The results follow increasing criticism from climate scientists of the benefits of forestry schemes to offset carbon emissions. Planting trees to neutralise carbon emissions has become a big business: £60m worth of trees have been bought this year, up from £20m in 2005. By 2010 the market is expected to reach £300m.69. According to the passage, trees make the world warmer because of their _________.A. deep colorB. round shapeC. enormous sizeD. high reflectivity70. DrBala's Integrated Climate and Carbon Model____________.A. supports the findings of other climate modelsB. is based on the results of other climate modelsC. uses a system different from other climate modelsD. challenges the basic theory of other climate models71. Based on DrBala's model, a treeless world would__________.A. cause serious environmental problemsB. prove helpful in fighting global warmingC. make it difficult to deal with climate changeD. raise carbon dioxide levels and global temperature72. According to DrBala, the best places to plant trees would be__________.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. High-latitude countries.D. tropical countries73. As is shown in the passage, criticism from other climate scientists__________.A. should be taken rather seriouslyB. is unreasonable and far-fetchedC. involves mostly economic interestsD. is voiced on behalf of the government74. The best title for the passage is____________.A. Should Green Trees Be Left Alone?B. Why Green Trees Might Not Be Green?C. How to Help Green Trees Survive?D. How to Go Green with Green Trees? Passage FiveThe patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.Well, almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. Last were the medical students who were most assuredly at the bottom of the heap.The student whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.What should a medical student do in such a situation? One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it.These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, "The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring." But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. Students and residents are now expected to provide routine feedback -- positive and negative -- about their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and nonconfrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even fora patient's benefit, is whistle-blowing.75. As mentioned in the passage, the hospital hierarchy______________.A. is useful to the people on the lower layerB. is built on a performance-reward systemC. is a barrier to the exchange of medical viewsD. is an effective way of teaching medical students76. "the benefit of the doubt" in Paragraph 5 shows that_________________.A. the student was not quite certain that she was rightB. the resident did not respond to the student's doubtC. the student was denied the chance to doubt the superiorD. the resident benefited from the student's suggestion77. James Dwyer's words mean that___________.A. students should learn to speak both kindly and professionallyB. students should challenge the superior for the benefit of patientsC. students should retain their faith even after facing some difficultiesD. students should be educated on how to care more about the patients78. What is the attitude of medical educators toward teaching students to give feedback?A. Confused.B. Indifferent.C. Reluctant.D. Enthusiastic.79. The author tends to believe that the problem faced by medical studentsA. will remain for a long timeB. will disappear in the near futureC. should not be exaggeratedD. cannot be solved successfully80. The passage focuses on_____________.A. the development of teaching hospitals' hierarchiesB. the different roles in teaching hospitals' hierarchiesC. the future reforms on teaching hospitals' hierarchiesD. the problems caused by teaching hospitals' hierarchiesPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advicemay not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation．Section B(15 minutes，10 points)中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。

研究生考试考研英语(一201)自测试卷与参考答案一、完型填空（10分）Part A: Cloze TestIn the modern globalized world, environmental issues have become a major concern for both individuals and societies. The following passage discusses various aspects of environmental protection. Fill in each blank with the most suitable word to complete the passage. Choose the best answer from the options given.Interest in 1 (A) wildlife conservation B) natural resources (C) global warming D) renewable energy has been growing rapidly in recent years. Concerns about the impact of human activity on the planet have led to increased 2 (A) public awareness (B) climate change (C) pollution levels (D) deforestation rates. Here are a few strategies that can help individuals and communities contribute to environmental protection.Firstly, 3 (A) reducing B) global warming (C) water consumption D) energy use is crucial. By simply turning off lights and using energy-efficient appliances, we can lower our carbon footprint and slow down the rate of climate change.Secondly, it is essential to 4 (A) recycle B) conserve water (C) buy local products (D) promote sustainable practices. Recycling not only reduces theamount of waste that goes into landfills but also saves resources and energy.Another significant step is to 5 (A) support B) educate C) protect wildlife D) promote conservation. Protecting natural habitats and preventing the illegal trade of wildlife species are vital for maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance.Moreover, 6 (A) balanced diets B) transportation alternatives (C) public transportation (D) local markets play a crucial role in reducing our environmental impact. By choosing public transportation over personal vehicles or opting for bike rides instead of car journeys, we can significantly decrease air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.In addition to individual actions, 7 (A) companies B) governments C) international agreements (D) non-profit organizations must also commit to sustainable practices. Policies that promote renewable energy and limit harmful emissions are essential for a healthier planet.Furthermore, it’s important to 8 (A) raise awareness B) follow regulations (C) maintain a positive attitude D) reduce consumption. By spreading information about the importance of environmental protection and encouraging others to take action, we can create a more sustainable future.Lastly, 9 (A) education B) innovation (C) research D) activism are key components of environmental protection. Investing in educational programs that teach about conservation and sustainable living is essential for cultivating a sense of responsibility among future generations.While it’s easy to feel helpless in the face of global challenges, it is important to remember that every individual 10 (A) contributes B) reduces C) recycles D) conserves has the power to make a difference.1.C) global warming2.A) public awareness3.A) reducing4.A) recycle5.C) protect wildlife6.B) transportation alternatives7.B) governments8.A) raise awareness9.A) education10.A) contributes二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）First QuestionReading PassageIn the realm of higher education, the concept of lifelong learning has gained significant traction over the past few decades. The rapid pace of technological advancement and the ever-evolving job market have necessitated a shift from the traditional model of education, where learning is confined to the early years of one’s life. Today, individuals are encouraged to engage in continuouseducation throughout their careers to stay relevant and competitive. Lifelong learning encompasses formal, non-formal, and informal learning experiences that contribute to personal and professional growth.The benefits of embracing lifelong learning are manifold. On a personal level, it fosters intellectual curiosity, enhances problem-solving skills, and promotes mental agility. Professionally, it equips individuals with the latest knowledge and skills required to adapt to new challenges and opportunities in the workplace. Furthermore, lifelong learning can lead to career advancement, increased job satisfaction, and better quality of life.However, the pursuit of lifelong learning also presents several challenges. One of the primary obstacles is the time commitment required to pursue additional education while balancing work and personal responsibilities. Financial constraints can also be a significant barrier, especially when it comes to accessing high-quality educational resources. Despite these challenges, the value of lifelong learning cannot be overstated, and many organizations now offer flexible learning options such as online courses and workshops to support their employees’ development.As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the importance of lifelong learning will only continue to grow. It is essential for both individuals and societies to embrace this concept to thrive in the global economy. By fostering a culture of continuous improvement and learning, we can ensure that our workforce remains adaptable and resilient in the face of change.Questions1、What is the main idea of the passage?A) The challenges of lifelong learningB) The importance and benefits of lifelong learningC) The role of technology in educationD) The impact of globalization on educationAnswer: B) The importance and benefits of lifelong learning2、According to the passage, what is one benefit of lifelong learning ona personal level?A) Increased financial stabilityB) Improved interpersonal relationshipsC) Enhanced problem-solving skillsD) Greater social statusAnswer: C) Enhanced problem-solving skills3、Which of the following is mentioned as a challenge to lifelong learning?A) Lack of motivationB) Difficulty in finding suitable coursesC) Time commitment and financial constraintsD) Inadequate support from employersAnswer: C) Time commitment and financial constraints4、How do organizations support lifelong learning according to the passage?A) By offering scholarshipsB) By providing flexible learning optionsC) By mandating annual training sessionsD) By reducing work hours for study purposesAnswer: B) By providing flexible learning options5、What does the author suggest about the future of lifelong learning?A) It will become less important as technology advancesB) It will be a requirement for all jobsC) Its significance will increase due to global interconnectivityD) It will be replaced by artificial intelligenceAnswer: C) Its significance will increase due to global interconnectivity 第二题Passage:In the heart of the bustling city, there stood an old, ivy-covered mansion. This mansion, known as the Heritage House, had been a witness to countless historical events. Over the years, it had been the home of various prominent figures, each leaving their unique mark on the house. The mansion’s grand library, filled with thousands of rare books and artifacts, was a treasure trove of knowledge.One sunny afternoon, a young historian named Emma arrived at the Heritage House. She had been researching a particular era of history for her thesis and believed that the Heritage House held the key to unlocking some of its mysteries. As she wandered through the library, she stumbled upon a dusty, leather-boundjournal. The journal belonged to a man named Sir Thomas, who had lived in the mansion during the Victorian era.Emma spent the next few hours poring over the journal. The entries were filled with vivid descriptions of daily life during the 19th century, as well as Sir Thomas’s observations on the changes occurring around him. The journal also contained several sketches and maps, which Emma found particularly intriguing. She was certain that these would provide valuable insights into the historical context of the mansion.1、Emma arrived at the Heritage House to:A. Attend a historical lectureB. Conduct research for her thesisC. Visit a friend who lived thereD. Take a tour of the mansion2、What did Emma discover in the library?A. A collection of modern novelsB. A rare collection of coinsC. A journal from the Victorian eraD. An antique vase3、Emma believed that the Heritage House held the key to:A. The secrets of a hidden treasureB. The mysteries of a famous personC. The secrets of a rival historianD. The history of the city4、The journal belonged to a man named:A. Sir CharlesB. Sir GeorgeC. Sir ThomasD. Sir William5、Emma found the journal entries particularly valuable because they:A. Contained recipes from the 19th centuryB. Described the mansion’s restoration processC. Provided insights into daily life during the Victorian eraD. Revealed the mansion’s architectural secretsAnswers:1、B2、C3、D4、C5、CThird Question (30 points)Passage:Portfolio Medicine: A New Approach to HealthcareIn recent years, “portfolio medicine” has emerged as a promising new approach to personalized healthcare. Unlike traditional medical care that often treatssymptoms and diseases, portfolio medicine focuses on an individual’s overall health, including their physical, emotional, and social well-being. This approach emphasizes proactive health management and the prevention of diseases rather than just reacting to them. Patients are encouraged to take charge of their own health by adopting healthy lifestyle changes, participating in regular health screenings, and seeking support from a range of healthcare professionals. Doctors in portfolio medicine are seen as health coaches who guide patients on their health journey. This change in approach requires a significant shift in both patient and doctor perspectives, one that recognizes the complexity of the human body and the importance of individualized care.Questions:1、What is the main focus of portfolio medicine?Answer: The main fo cus of portfolio medicine is on an individual’s overall health, including their physical, emotional, and social well-being.2、What is a key difference between traditional medical care and portfolio medicine?Answer: Unlike traditional medical care that often treats symptoms and diseases, portfolio medicine focuses on proactive health management and the prevention of diseases rather than just reacting to them.3、How do patients participate in portfolio medicine?Answer: Patients are encouraged to take charge of their own health by adopting healthy lifestyle changes, participating in regular health screenings, andseeking support from a range of healthcare professionals.4、What role do doctors play in portfolio medicine?Answer: Doctors in portfolio medicine are seen as health coaches who guide patients on their health journey.5、What shift does portfolio medicine require in both patient and doctor perspectives?Answer: This change in approach requires a significant shift in both patient and doctor perspectives, one that recognizes the complexity of the human body and the importance of individualized care.This should meet the requirement for the specified format and content.第四题Leaders of developed nations are convened in the World Economic Forum annual meeting to discuss global issues, economic trends, and future strategies. This year’s meeting focuses on the theme “Shaping the Future: Global Contribution through Innovation.” The following article examines some key points raised during the forum.After a year marked by geopolitical instability and economic uncertainty, leaders at the World Economic Forum annual meeting in Davos are seeking ways to reinvigorate global growth and foster sustainable development. The meeting brings together policymakers, business leaders, and thinkers from around the world to discuss challenges and opportunities. Here are some of the key takeaways from the forum:1.The gig economy is here to stay, but it needs regulation.2.Climate change remains a major threat, and immediate action is needed.cation systems must adapt to prepare students for the jobs of the future.4.Inequality is widening, and it poses a threat to social stability.5.Technology is a driver of both innovation and disruption, and policies must be in place to manage both.Question 1: What is the main focus of this year’s World Economic Forum annual meeting?A) Geopolitical instabilityB) Economic growth strategiesC) Education system improvementsD) Technology and climate changeQuestion 2: Which of the following issues does the article mention as needing to be regulated?A) Climate changeB) InequalityC) The gig economyD) Education systemsQuestion 3: According to the article, what is the primary threat posed by climate change?A) Economic instabilityB) Social instabilityC) Job displacementD) Aging populationsQuestion 4: The article suggests that education systems need to adapt in order to do what?A) Control climate changeB) Battle inequalityC) Create regulations for the gig economyD) Prepare students for future jobsQuestion 5: What is the main concern regarding technology mentioned in the article?A) It could disrupt existing industries.B) It could lead to a decline in employment.C) It could widen the gap between rich and poor.D) All of the above.Answers:1.B) Economic growth strategies2.C) The gig economy3.B) Social instability4.D) Prepare students for future jobs5.D) All of the above.三、阅读理解新题型（10分）Graduate Entrance Examination - English Test (Code 201)Section III: Reading Comprehension New TypeDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)Text:In recent years, the concept of ‘smart cities’ has gained significant traction across the globe. The idea is to use technology and data to improve urban services, reduce costs and resource consumption, and engage more effectively with citizens. A smart city is characterized by its use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to enhance quality and performance of urban services, to reduce costs and resource consumption, and to increase contact between citizens and government. Of particular importance are smart energy systems, which can help to manage electricity demand and supply, and smart transportation systems, which can optimize traffic flow and reduce congestion.However, the development of smart cities faces several challenges. One major issue is the digital divide, which refers to the gap between those who have access to modern information and communication services and those who do not. This divide can exacerbate social inequalities if not addressed properly. Another challenge is the privacy and security of data collected through these systems.As cities become smarter, they also become more dependent on data, which can be vulnerable to cyber-attacks and misuse. Therefore, ensuring robust cybersecurity measures is crucial for the success of smart city initiatives.Moreover, the implementation of smart city projects requires substantial investment in infrastructure and technology. Funding such projects can be difficult, especially in developing countries where financial resources are limited. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are often seen as a solution to this problem, but they require careful planning and management to ensure that the benefits are shared fairly among all stakeholders.Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of smart cities are immense. They offer a way to make our urban areas more sustainable, efficient, and livable. By leveraging technology, we can create cities that not only meet the needs of today’s population but also prepare for the challenges of tomorrow.Questions:1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of smart cities?A) Use of ICTs to enhance service quality.B) Reduction of costs and resource consumption.C) Increase in citizen-government interaction.D) Reduction of rural-urban migration.2.According to the text, what is one of the main issues faced by the development of smart cities?A) The difficulty in implementing new transportation systems.B) The lack of public interest in technological advancements.C) The digital divide between different segments of the population.D) The shortage of skilled workers to operate smart systems.3.Why is ensuring robust cybersecurity measures important for smart city initiatives?A) To prevent the overuse of electricity.B) To protect against cyber-attacks and data misuse.C) To encourage the use of renewable energy sources.D) To facilitate easier communication between citizens and government.4.What does the text suggest as a possible solution to fund smart city projects?A) Raising taxes on the local population.B) Seeking international aid from developed countries.C) Establishing public-private partnerships.D) Cutting down on other public spending.5.What does the text imply about the future of smart cities?A) They will likely face insurmountable challenges.B) They will contribute to making urban areas more sustainable.C) They will lead to an increase in the cost of living in cities.D) They will decrease the overall efficiency of urban services.Answers:1.D) Reduction of rural-urban migration.2.C) The digital divide between different segments of the population.3.B) To protect against cyber-attacks and data misuse.4.C) Establishing public-private partnerships.5.B) They will contribute to making urban areas more sustainable.四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）第一题Translate the following paragraph into English.原文：随着科技的发展，人们的生活节奏越来越快，工作压力也随之增大。

研究生英语考试试题及答案-参考研究生英语考试试题及答案-参考Part BDirections：The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45，you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET （10 points）Some Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough TimesUnfortunately，life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover， we are grieving various kinds of loss： a friendship， a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time， but you should remember that they won‘t last forever.When our time of mourning is over，we press forward，stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore， these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I‘ve learned along the way.41.______Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately， people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said，Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice. I docompletely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42.______If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past， try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past， but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past， but a mindset that can be designed into the present.43.______Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44.______No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is， you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life，especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor，help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives，try to participate in several online communities，full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45.______Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin， think your own thoughts， have your own values and make your own choices.41. → 42. → 43. → 44. →45.【参考答案】41.D 42.E 43.G 44.A 45.C【试题点评】新题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的`能力。

研究生试题及答案英语一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "phenomenon" is most closely related to which of the following?A. AppearanceB. EventC. FactD. Factoid2. In the sentence "She is adept at playing the piano," the word "adept" means:A. SkilledB. ClumsyC. IndifferentD. Inexperienced3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a narrative?A. Chronological orderB. Subjective interpretationC. Detailed descriptionD. Linear progression4. The phrase "to break the ice" is used to describe:A. Initiating a conversationB. Cooling a drinkC. Freezing a lakeD. Shattering a mirror5. The term "symbiosis" refers to a relationship between two organisms that is:A. Mutually beneficialB. CompetitiveC. ParasiticD. Predation6. The word "altruism" is associated with:A. SelfishnessB. GenerosityC. GreedD. Envy7. In the context of literature, "allegory" is a figure of speech that:A. Compares two things directlyB. Uses symbolism to represent abstract ideasC. Describes a real eventD. Provides a literal translation8. The phrase "to go the extra mile" means to:A. Travel an additional distanceB. Exceed expectationsC. Take a breakD. Avoid a task9. The word "pragmatic" is often used to describe someone who is:A. IdealisticB. Practical and realisticC. EmotionalD. Dogmatic10. In the sentence "The company is going to scale back its operations," the term "scale back" means:A. ExpandB. ReduceC. RelocateD. Reorganize二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The opposite of "optimistic" is __________.12. "Ecology" is the branch of biology concerned with the relationships between __________ and their environments.13. The word "paradox" refers to a statement that despite sounding reasonable leads to a conclusion that seems__________.14. "Democracy" is a system of government where __________ have the authority to choose their governing legislation. 15. "Empathy" is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another, which is the opposite of __________. 16. "Eloquence" is the quality of expressing oneself fluently and __________.17. "Hypocrisy" is the practice of claiming to have__________ or moral standards that one does not actually possess.18. "Inertia" in physics refers to the property of matter by which it remains at rest or in __________ motion unless acted upon by an external force.19. "Juxtaposition" is the act of placing two or more elements, subjects, or __________ close together or side byside.20. "Kaleidoscope" is an optical instrument that produces symmetrical patterns of __________ colors.三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:In recent years, the concept of a "green economy" has gained traction globally. It is an economic system aimed at reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. The green economy seeks to improve human well-being and social equity while significantly reducing the environmental pressures of cities, industry, and agriculture. It is not simply about planting more trees or recycling; it encompasses a fundamental shift in the way we produce and consume goods and services.Questions:21. What is the primary goal of a green economy?A. Reducing environmental risksB. Improving social equityC. Enhancing human well-beingD. All of the above22. According to the passage, what is NOT a characteristic ofa green economy?A. Planting more treesB. Reducing ecological scarcitiesC. Fundamental shift in production and consumptionD. Recycling23. The term "green economy" is associated with which of the following?A. Economic growth at any costB. Environmental sustainabilityC. Ignoring social equityD. Unregulated industrial expansion24. What does the passage suggest about the scope of a green economy?A. It is limited to urban areasB. It applies to cities, industry, and agricultureC. It is only concerned with individual consumer choices。

研究生英语一参考答案一、听力部分1. A) 根据对话内容，女士询问男士是否需要帮助，男士回答不需要，因为他已经熟悉这个地方了。

因此，正确答案是A。

2. B) 男士提到他正在寻找一家书店，女士告诉他书店在街对面。

正确答案是B。

3. C) 对话中女士提到她正在为即将到来的考试复习，因此正确答案是C。

4. D) 男士询问女士是否愿意和他一起去看电影，女士回答说如果时间允许的话她会去。

正确答案是D。

5. A) 女士询问男士是否已经完成了他的论文，男士回答说还没有，但很快就会完成。

正确答案是A。

6-10. 根据对话内容，可以分别得出以下答案：6. B)7. C)8. A)9. D) 10. B)二、阅读部分1. 根据文章第一段，作者提到了全球化对教育的影响，因此正确答案是A。

2. 文章第二段提到了不同国家教育体系的差异，正确答案是B。

3. 作者在第三段中讨论了教育的个性化需求，正确答案是C。

4. 第四段中提到了教育技术的发展，正确答案是D。

5. 文章最后一段强调了终身学习的重要性，正确答案是E。

三、完形填空1. 根据上下文，这里需要一个表示“尽管”的词，因此正确答案是Despite。

2. 这里需要一个表示“适应”的词，正确答案是Adapt。

3. 根据语境，这里需要一个表示“挑战”的词，正确答案是Challenges。

4. 这里需要一个表示“观点”的词，正确答案是Perspective。

5. 根据语境，这里需要一个表示“重要性”的词，正确答案是Importance。

6-20. 根据文章内容，可以分别得出以下答案：6. C)7. A)8. B)9. D) 10. E) 11. F) 12. G) 13. H) 14. I) 15. J) 16. K) 17. L) 18. M) 19. N) 20. O)四、翻译部分1. 原文：随着社会的发展，人们越来越重视环境保护。

翻译：With the development of society, people are paying more and more attention to environmental protection.2. 原文：教育不仅仅是学习知识，更重要的是培养个人的综合素质。

2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)复习试卷与参考答案一、完型填空（10分）Part A: Cloze TestRead the following passage and choose the best word for each blank from the options given below. There are twenty blanks in the passage. Each blank has four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.The rise of the Internet has 1 a significant impact on the way people 2 information. With just a few clicks, one can access a vast array of resources and 3 from around the world. However, this 4 in information access has also brought about challenges. Here is a story that illustrates the complexities of our digital age.In a small town, a young girl named Lily was 5 her studies. She was particularly 6 in learning about the world beyond her village. One day, while browsing the Internet, she stumbled upon an article about climate change. The article 7 her curiosity and she began to research further.Lily found a website that offered a variety of 8 on environmental issues. She spent hours reading about the effects of global warming and the importanceof sustainable practices. As she learned more, she felt 9 to make a difference in her community.10, Lily organized a local clean-up drive. She 11 her friends and neighbors to join her, and together they collected trash and cleaned up the local park. The event received 12 from the community, and it inspired others to take action.Despite the positive outcome, Lily realized that there was still much work to be done. She 13 to join a local environmental group to 14 her knowledge and skills. The group organized workshops and community outreach programs to educate people about environmental issues.As Lily continued her journey, she 15 that technology could be a double-edged sword. While it provided access to information, it also 16 distractions and could lead to 17 attention spans. She learned to balance her use of the Internet with other activities and discovered that 18 the right balance was crucial.One day, while 19 the news, Lily read about a global initiative to reduce plastic waste. She 20 the opportunity to participate and reached out to her environmental group. Together, they organized a campaign to promote the use of reusable bags and educate people about the impact of single-use plastics.1.A. A. resulted inB. B. contributed toC. C. led toD. D. caused2.A. gatherB. B. acquireC. C. searchD. D. seek3.A. experiencesB. B. perspectivesC. C. knowledgeD. D. insights4.A. increaseB. B. expansionC. C. surgeD. D. boost5.A. dedicated herself toB. B. immersed herself inC. C. focused onD. D. involved herself in6.A. enthusiastic aboutB. B. fascinated byC. C. interested inD. D. excited about7.A. sparkedB. B. ignitedC. C. arousedD. D. stimulated8.A. articlesB. B. resourcesC. C. materialsD. D. publications9.A. motivatedB. B. determinedC. C. inspiredD. D. encouraged10.A. SubsequentlyB. B. ConsequentlyC. C. EventuallyD. D. Immediately11.A. invitedB. B. encouragedC. C. persuadeD. D. asked12.A. supportB. B. recognitionC. C. enthusiasmD. D. appreciation13.A. decidedB. B. volunteeredC. C. attemptedD. D. agreed14.A. enhanceB. B. expandC. C. improveD. D. develop15.A. recognizedB. B. realizedC. C. acknowledgedD. D. admitted16.A. offeredB. B. providedC. C. causedD. D. resulted in17.A. shorterB. B. briefC. C. conciseD. D. limited18.A. findingB. B. maintainingC. C. achievingD. D. striking19.A. watchingB. B. listening toC. C. readingD. D. scanning20.A. seizedB. B. grabbedC. C. tookD. D. embracedAnswers:1.A. resulted in2.B. acquire3.C. knowledge4.C. surge5.A. dedicated herself to6.B. fascinated by7.A. sparked8.B. resources9.C. inspired10.C. Eventually11.A. invited12.B. recognition13.B. volunteered14.A. enhance15.B. realized16.C. caused17.A. shorter18.D. striking19.C. reading20.D. embraced二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）First QuestionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:The Role of Technology in EducationEducation has always been a fundamental factor for societal development. However, with the rapid advancement of technology, it’s becoming increasingly clear that traditional methods of teaching are no longer sufficient to meet the needs of today’s digital natives. The integration of technology into education is not just about equipping students with computer skills; it’s also about transforming the way we teach and learn.One of the most significant benefits of technology in education is its ability to personalize learning experiences. Adaptive learning software cantailor educational content to the specific needs of each student, ensuring that every learner gets the support they require. Furthermore, online platforms provide access to a wealth of information and resources that would otherwise be unavailable to many students, particularly those in remote or underprivileged areas.However, critics argue that an over-reliance on technology might lead to a loss of essential human interaction and the development of social skills. There is also concern about the potential for increased screen time to have negative effects on children’s health and well-being. Despite these concerns, proponents of educational technology believe that if used correctly, it can enhance rather than detract from the educational experience.As technology continues to evolve, so must our approach to education. It is clear that there is a need for a balanced integration of traditional teaching methods with modern technological tools. Only by embracing this hybrid model can we ensure that future generations are adequately prepared for the challenges of the 21st century.Questions:1、What is the main argument presented in the passage regarding technology in education?A)Technology should replace traditional teaching methods.B)Technology should complement traditional teaching methods.C)Technology is detrimental to the educational process.D)Technology has no place in the classroom.Answer: B) Technology should complement traditional teaching methods.2、According to the passage, what is one of the advantages of using technology in education?A)It increases the amount of homework students receive.B)It personalizes learning experiences for individual students.C)It makes traditional teaching methods obsolete.D)It decreases the need for teachers in the classroom.Answer: B) It personalizes learning experiences for individual students.3、What concern does the passage mention regarding the use of technology in education?A)It may cause a decrease in the use of textbooks.B)It might result in a lack of social interaction among students.C)It could lead to an increase in physical activity among students.D)It ensures that all students have equal access to information.Answer: B) It might result in a lack of social interaction among students.4、How does the passage suggest that technology affects access to information?A)It limits access to information only to those who can afford it.B)It provides broader access to information for students in remote areas.C)It restricts the types of information available to students.D)It has no impact on how students access information.Answer: B) It provides broader access to information for students in remote areas.5、What does the passage imply about preparing future generations?A)They should rely solely on technology for learning.B)They should reject modern educational tools in favor of traditional ones.C)They should be taught using a combination of traditional and modern methods.D)They should focus exclusively on developing social skills without technology.Answer: C) They should be taught using a combination of traditional and modern methods.第二题Reading PassageIn the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in the way people lived and worked. This period of rapid industrialization led to the development of factories, the mass production of goods, and a shift from an agrarian society to an urban one. The following article discusses the impact of the Industrial Revolution on society and the environment.The Impact of the Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century, was a period of profound economic and social change in Europe and North America. It was marked by the transition from hand production methods to machines, and by the introduction of new chemical, iron, steel, and coal industries. This transition had a profound impact on the lives of people, and it brought about both positive and negative consequences.One of the most significant impacts of the Industrial Revolution was the urbanization of society. As factories were built in cities, people moved fromrural areas to urban centers in search of work. This led to the growth of cities and the creation of slums, where many workers lived in poor conditions. The overcrowded and unsanitary conditions in these areas contributed to the spread of diseases such as cholera and tuberculosis.Another consequence of the Industrial Revolution was the degradation of the environment. The burning of coal and the release of pollutants into the air and water led to air and water pollution, which had serious health implications for people and animals. The deforestation and soil erosion that resulted from the expansion of industrial activities also had a detrimental effect on the natural landscape.Despite these negative impacts, the Industrial Revolution also brought about many positive changes. The mass production of goods led to a significant increase in the standard of living for many people. The development of new technologies, such as the steam engine and the telegraph, improved communication and transportation, making the world a smaller place. Additionally, the Industrial Revolution led to the rise of the middle class, which had a profound impact on social and political structures.Questions:1、What was one of the most significant impacts of the Industrial Revolution on society?A. The decline of agricultureB. The urbanization of societyC. The decrease in populationD. The increase in unemployment2、Why did people move to urban centers during the Industrial Revolution?A. To pursue higher educationB. To enjoy the culture of the citiesC. To seek better job opportunitiesD. To avoid the diseases prevalent in rural areas3、What was a negative consequence of the Industrial Revolution on the environment?A. The increase in agricultural productivityB. The improvement of air qualityC. The reduction of deforestationD. The decline in water pollution4、How did the Industrial Revolution affect the standard of living for many people?A. It led to a decrease in living standardsB. It resulted in a significant increase in living standardsC. It had no significant impact on living standardsD. It caused a mixed impact on living standards5、What was one of the social and political impacts of the Industrial Revolution?A. The strengthening of the monarchyB. The rise of the middle classC. The fall of the aristocracyD. The abolition of slaveryAnswers:1、B2、C3、D4、B5、B第三题Once upon a time, in a small village nestled between rolling hills, there lived an old man named Mr. Brown. Mr. Brown was a kind-hearted and wise man, known throughout the village for his stories and his ability to solve problems with a unique perspective. The villagers would often gather at his house after the day’s work to listen to his tales, which were always filled with lessons and moral values.One evening, a young man named Tom approached Mr. Brown. Tom had heard about Mr. Brown’s wisdom and sought his advic e on a difficult situation. Tom was facing a choice between a lucrative job offer in a big city and staying close to his family and friends in the village.Questions:1、What is the main topic of the passage?A. The beauty of the villageB. The wisdom of Mr. BrownC. The challenges of modern lifeD. The importance of family2、Why did Tom go to see Mr. Brown?A. To ask for help with his studiesB. To discuss the village’s problemsC. To seek advice on a difficult decisionD. To compete with Mr. Brown in a storytelling contest3、What was the young man’s main dilemma?A. Whether to move to the city or stay in the villageB. How to become a successful businessmanC. What to do with his old houseD. How to improve the village’s economy4、What is the purpose of Mr. Brown’s stories in the passage?A. To entertain the villagersB. To teach moral values and lessonsC. To promote tourism in the villageD. To showcase his own wisdom5、According to the passage, what does Mr. Brown represent to the villagers?A. A source of entertainmentB. A mentor and counselorC. A competitor in storytellingD. A symbol of wealth and powerAnswers:1、B2、C3、A4、B5、B第四题Passage:In recent years, the rise of e-books has sparked a debate about the future of traditional books. While many argue that e-books will eventually replace printed books, others believe that the traditional book format will continue to thrive. This article explores the arguments on both sides and examines the potential impact of e-books on the publishing industry.1.The article mentions that the debate over e-books versus traditional books is a topic of great concern. What is the main reason for this debate?A. The declining sales of printed booksB. The increasing popularity of e-readersC. The potential impact on the publishing industryD. The environmental concerns of paper usage2.The passage states that some people believe e-books will eventually replace printed books. What is the primary reason for this belief?A. The convenience of e-booksB. The lower cost of e-booksC. The environmental benefits of e-booksD. The potential for interactive content in e-books3.According to the article, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential disadvantage of e-books?A. The lack of tactile experienceB. The potential for screen fatigueC. The ease of copying and distributing contentD. The limited availability of e-books in some regions4.The article discusses the role of traditional books in the education system. What does the author suggest about the importance of physical books in education?A. They are becoming less importantB. They are essential for learningC. They are being replaced by digital resourcesD. They are being ignored by modern students5.The author concludes the article by discussing the future of the publishing industry. What does the author imply about the industry’s ability to adapt to the rise of e-books?A. The industry will struggle to adaptB. The industry will thrive regardless of e-booksC. The industry will adapt and evolveD. The industry will disappear due to e-booksAnswers:1.C2.A3.C4.B5.C三、阅读理解新题型（10分）Passage:The rise of e-commerce has transformed the way we shop and conduct business. Online shopping has become increasingly popular due to its convenience, variety, and competitive prices. As a result, traditional brick-and-mortar stores are facing stiff competition and are forced to adapt to the digital world. This essay explores the impact of e-commerce on the retail industry and discusses the challenges and opportunities it presents.Questions:1.What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of online shoppingB) The decline of traditional storesC) The impact of e-commerce on the retail industryD) The challenges faced by brick-and-mortar stores2.According to the passage, why is online shopping becoming more popular?A) It is more expensive than shopping in physical stores.B) It is only available during specific hours.C) It offers a wider variety of products.D) It requires customers to physically visit a store.3.What is the main challenge that traditional stores are facing?A) The lack of competitive prices.B) The limited selection of products.C) The stiff competition from e-commerce.D) The difficulty in adapting to digital technology.4.The passage suggests that traditional stores need to do what in order to survive?A) Offer the lowest prices.B) Close their physical locations.C) Embrace e-commerce and digital technology.D) Focus solely on online sales.5.How does the passage conclude the impact of e-commerce on the retail industry?A) E-commerce will eventually replace all traditional stores.B) Traditional stores will need to adapt to e-commerce or risk extinction.C) The impact of e-commerce on the retail industry is negligible.D) E-commerce will only benefit large corporations and not small businesses.Answers:1.C) The impact of e-commerce on the retail industry2.C) It offers a wider variety of products.3.C) The stiff competition from e-commerce.4.C) Embrace e-commerce and digital technology.5.B) Traditional stores will need to adapt to e-commerce or risk extinction.四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）第一题Translate the following paragraph into English.中文段落：研究生考试是许多中国学生梦寐以求的机会，它不仅为他们提供了一个深造和提升自身能力的机会，而且也是实现个人职业目标的重要途径。

考研英语基础试题及答案一、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）1. According to the passage, what is the primary reason for the decline in honeybee populations?A) The use of pesticides in agriculture.B) The loss of natural habitats.C) The spread of a new disease.D) The impact of climate change.答案：B2. What does the author suggest about the impact of the decline in honeybee populations?A) It will lead to a significant reduction in crop yields.B) It will have little effect on the food supply.C) It will cause a rise in food prices.D) It will result in a decrease in the variety of food available.答案：A3. What is the main argument of the passage?A) The importance of honeybees in agriculture.B) The causes of honeybee population decline.C) The consequences of the decline in honeybee populations.D) The need for immediate action to protect honeybees.答案：D4. What does the author imply about the current situation regarding honeybee populations?A) It is improving.B) It is stable.C) It is worsening.D) It is uncertain.答案：C5. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A) To persuade readers to support honeybee conservation efforts.B) To inform readers about the honeybee population decline.C) To argue for more research into the causes of honeybee decline.D) To suggest solutions to the honeybee population decline.答案：A二、完形填空（每题1分，共15分）In recent years, there has been a significant decline in the number of honeybees, which play a crucial role in the pollination of many crops. The loss of these insects could have a profound impact on the food supply. Experts have identified several factors contributing to this decline, including the use of pesticides, habitat loss, and disease. It is essential to take immediate action to protect these vital pollinators.6. In recent years, there has been a significant decline inthe number of honeybees, which play a crucial role in the______ of many crops.A) cultivationB) productionC) pollinationD) harvesting答案：C7. The loss of these insects could have a profound impact on the ______ supply.A) waterB) energyC) foodD) air答案：C8. Experts have identified several factors contributing to this decline, including the use of ______, habitat loss, and disease.A) fertilizersB) pesticidesC) chemicalsD) herbicides答案：B9. It is essential to take immediate action to protect these vital ______.A) pollinatorsB) predatorsC) decomposersD) consumers答案：A三、翻译（英译汉，每题5分，共10分）10. The study of honeybees has provided valuable insightsinto their complex social behavior and communication methods.答案：对蜜蜂的研究为我们提供了关于它们复杂社会行为和交流方式的宝贵见解。

研究生英语考试试题及答案-参考在研究生阶段，英语考试是一个重要的环节，对于考生来说，通过考试取得一个高分是他们追求的目标。

因此，了解研究生英语考试试题及答案是非常必要的。

下面是一些常见的研究生英语考试试题及答案的参考。

第一部分：听力理解（共四节，每节5小题，每题1分，满分20分）请听下面5段对话，选出最佳选项。

1. What does the man want to do?A. Go to a movie.B. Go shopping.C. Go dancing.2. How does the woman feel about her trip?A. Excited.B. Nervous.C. Disappointed.3. What does the man mean?A. He can solve the problem.B. He doesn't know how to help.C. He agrees with the woman's idea.4. What is the woman going to do?A. Call the police.B. Help the man.C. Fix the faucet.5. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Ask her neighbor for help.B. Call a repairman.C. Watch a video online.请听下面5段对话或独白，选出最佳选项。

6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Teacher and student.B. Colleagues.C. Friends.7. How will the woman spend her summer vacation?A. Traveling to Europe.B. Working at a hotel.C. Studying for an exam.8. What is the man's opinion?A. He is impressed by the music.B. He is not interested in the music.C. He thinks the music is boring.9. What do we learn about the woman's husband?A. He's been busy with work.B. He enjoys cooking.C. He recently became a manager.10. What is the woman's problem?A. She can't access the website.B. She can't find her password.C. She needs to update her software.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，每节5小题，每题2分，满分20分）第一节请阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Unit 1 P241.This research seems to lend some validity(有力的）to the theory that the drug might cause cancer .2.In a number of developing countryies ，war has been an additional impendiment (障碍)to progress 。

3.Anthea was about to play her trump card(王牌卡);without her signature none of the money could be released 。

4.I flunked(挂科）my second year exams and was lucky not to be thrown out of college .5.I didnt want to lose my composure(镇静）in front of her 。

6.The management did not seem to consider office safety to be a priority(优先）。

7.For three hours a committee of state senators listened to a parade (一系列）of local residents giving their opinions。

8.Thousands of lives will be at stake(在危机关头)if emergency aid does not arrive in the city soon。

9.Brierley's book has the merit(优点）of being both information and readable .10.I think there was a conspiracy(阴谋）to keep me out of the committee .1.这项研究似乎为这种药物可能导致癌症的理论提供了一定的有效性（有力的）。

2024年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题2024 National Master's Entrance Examination English TestPart I Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear five short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. (A) The library.(B) The gym.(C) The cafeteria.(D) The bookstore.2. (A) To attend a conference.(B) To discuss a project.(C) To meet with a professor.(D) To take an exam.3. (A) He missed the test.(B) He got a good grade.(C) He studied hard for it.(D) He was ill that day.4. (A) At a hotel.(B) In a restaurant.(C) At a friend’s house.(D) In a classroom.5. (A) The library.(B) The museum.(C) The theater.(D) The park.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear several questions. After you hear a conversation and the questions about it, read the five possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard.Conversation 16. What is the woman’s occupation?(A) A teacher.(B) A writer.(C) A journalist.(D) A lawyer.7. What does the man suggest the woman do?(A) Start a blog.(B) Write a book.(C) Take up painting.(D) Travel more.Conversation 28. Where is the man originally from?(A) Canada.(B) China.(C) Japan.(D) Australia.9. Why did the man move to the United States?(A) For work.(B) For school.(C) For vacation.(D) For family.10. What does the woman offer to do for the man?(A) Help him find a job.(B) Drive him to the airport.(C) Show him around the city.(D) Cook him dinner.Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or incomplete statements. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question or the best completionto each statement. You are allowed to select one, two, three, or four answers.Passage 1Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, has revolutionized the way we communicate and interact with each other. His social networking site has over 1 billion active users, making it one of the most popular websites in the world. However, with its popularity come concerns about privacy and security. Critics argue that Facebook’s data collection practices invade users’ privacy, while supporters claim that the site offers a valuable platform for connecting with friends and family.11. What is the main topic of the passage?(A) Mark Zuckerberg’s hobbies.(B) The history of Facebook.(C) Privacy concerns about Facebook.(D) How to create a social networking site.12. How many active users does Facebook have?(A) 1,000(B) 100,000(C) 1,000,000(D) 1,000,000,00013. Why do critics have concerns about Facebook?(A) Its data collection practices.(B) Its user-friendly interface.(C) Its mobile app.(D) Its virtual reality technology.14. What do supporters argue about Facebook?(A) It invades users’ privacy.(B) It is not popular.(C) It is a valuable platform.(D) It is a waste of time.Passage 2The internet has changed the way we live, work, and play. With just a few clicks, we can access a wealth of information and connect with people all around the world. However, this convenience comes with risks, such as identity theft and onlinescams. It is important to be vigilant and protect your personal information when using the internet.15. What impact has the internet had on society?(A) Positive only.(B) Negative only.(C) Positive and negative.(D) No impact.16. What risks are associated with the internet?(A) Identity theft and online scams.(B) Increased productivity.(C) Healthy lifestyle choices.(D) Career opportunities.17. Why is it important to protect your personal information online?(A) To make friends.(B) To win prizes.(C) To avoid scams.(D) To increase your social media following.18. How can you protect your personal information online?(A) Share it with everyone.(B) Use a strong password.(C) Click on suspicious links.(D) Post it on social media.Passage 3Global warming is a pressing issue that affects us all. The rise in temperatures has led to extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, which have devastating effects on communities around the world. It is crucial for individuals and governments to take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.19. What is the main topic of the passage?(A) Global warming and its effects.(B) Various weather patterns.(C) Importance of recycling.(D) Industrial growth.20. What have extreme weather events led to?(A) Increased oil production.(B) More snow days.(C) Devastating effects on communities.(D) Renewable energy sources.21. What is crucial for individuals and governments to do?(A) Nothing.(B) Increase greenhouse gas emissions.(C) Take action to reduce emissions.(D) Support fossil fuel industries.22. How can individuals combat climate change?(A) Drive gas-guzzling vehicles.(B) Use energy-efficient appliances.(C) Waste water.(D) Cut down trees.Passage 4Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field that has the potential to revolutionize industries such as healthcare, transportation, and education. AI technologies, such as machinelearning and natural language processing, are being used to develop innovative solutions to complex problems. While AI offers great promise, there are ethical concerns about its impact on jobs and privacy.23. What is a rapidly growing field?(A) Medicine.(B) Agriculture.(C) Artificial intelligence.(D) Accounting.24. How are AI technologies, such as machine learning and natural language processing, being used?(A) To develop innovative solutions.(B) To create problems.(C) To decrease productivity.(D) To increase unemployment.25. What concerns are there about AI?(A) Ethical concerns.(B) Environmental concerns.(C) Social concerns.(D) Political concerns.26. What impact does AI have on jobs and privacy?(A) Positive only.(B) Negative only.(C) No impact.(D) Positive and negative.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements about it. Each statement has a word or phrase missing. Choose the best answer from the options A, B, C, and D to complete the statement. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 527. The passage is mainly about __________.(A) the history of chocolate.(B) the health benefits of chocolate.(C) different types of chocolate.(D) how chocolate is made.28. The Aztecs considered chocolate to be a special food reserved for __________.(A) women(B) children(C) the elderly(D) warriors29. The Europeans were introduced to chocolate by the __________.(A) Aztecs(B) Mayans(C) Spaniards(D) Incas30. The Spaniards added sugar to chocolate, making it a drink __________.(A) for the poor(B) for the rich(C) for everyone(D) for royalty31. Today, chocolate is enjoyed __________.(A) during holidays(B) only in the winter(C) throughout the year(D) only in certain regions32. Dark chocolate contains a higher percentage of cocoa solids than __________.(A) milk chocolate(B) white chocolate(C) semi-sweet chocolate(D) artisanal chocolate33. Consuming chocolate in moderation may have __________ effects.(A) negative(B) neutral(C) positive(D) harmful34. Chocolate is believed to help __________ due to its antioxidant properties.(A) reduce stress(B) lower blood pressure(C) increase cholesterol(D) fight infections35. The flavonoids in dark chocolate may help improve__________.(A) vision(B) sleep(C) memory(D) digestion36. Eating chocolate can trigger the release of __________ in the brain, making you feel good.(A) serotonin(B) cortisol(C) estrogen(D) adrenalinePart III Writing (30 points)Directions: In this part, you are to write an essay of 150-200 words within 10 minutes. Your essay should be based on the information provided in the following passage.The Importance of EducationEducation plays a crucial role in shaping individuals and societies. It provides knowledge, skills, and values that help people lead productive and fulfilling lives. Education opens doors to opportunities and empowers individuals to achieve their goals. It also promotes social and economic development by creating a knowledgeable and skilled workforce. In today’s fast-paced and ever-changing world, education is more important than ever.In your essay, discuss the importance of education in today’s society. Provide examples and explain how education can benefit individuals and communities. Offer suggestions on how to improve the quality of education and make it more accessible to all.---This concludes the 2024 National Master's Entrance Examination English Test. Good luck!。

2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)复习试题及解答参考一、完型填空（10分）Cloze TestDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage:The world has witnessed significant changes in communication over the past century. From handwritten letters to instant messages, technology has revolutionized how we stay connected. 1 the advent of smartphones and social media, people can now communicate almost instantly with others around the globe. However, this shift towards digital communication has not been without its 2. Critics argue that the personal touch in conversations has been lost, as face-to-face interactions have become less frequent. Moreover, privacy concerns have 3 as individuals share more personal information online.Despite these challenges, the benefits of modern communication cannot be denied. It has enabled us to form communities that transcend 4 boundaries,allowing for the exchange of ideas and support across vast distances. Businesses too have benefited from improved communication technologies, which have facilitated international trade and 5 collaboration among teams working remotely.Yet, it is important to strike a balance between embracing new technologies and maintaining traditional forms of interaction. 6, there should be an effort to educate people about the responsible use of technology to ensure that the advances we make do not come at the expense of our personal connections or 7 security. As we move forward, it will be crucial to develop technologies that enhance rather than 8 human interaction.In conclusion, while the evolution of communication has brought about many positive changes, it also presents challenges that need to be 9. By using technology wisely and preserving the value of direct human contact, we can enjoy the advantages of both the old and the new ways of 10.1.A. With B. Since C. On D. At2.A. downsides B. sides C. sides down D. down3.A. risen B. raised C. aroused D. arisen4.A. geographical B. geology C. geography D. geological5.A. enhanced B. enhance C. enhancing D. enhances6.A. Therefore B. Thus C. However D. Consequently7.A. personal B. personnel C. person D. personality8.A. detract B. detracts C. detracting D. detracted9.A. addressed B. addresses C. addressing D. address10.A. communicating B. communicated C. communicates D. communicateAnswers:1.A. With2.A. downsides3.D. arisen4.A. geographical5.A. enhanced6.A. Therefore7.A. personal8.C. detracting9.A. addressed10.A. communicating(Note: The correct answers for the remaining blanks follow the same pattern as provided above.)This exercise aims to test vocabulary, grammar, and reading comprehension skills, much like what could be expected in a real examination setting.二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）First QuestionPassage:In a world increasingly dominated by technology, the importance ofmaintaining human connections cannot be overstated. Despite the conveniences brought about by digital advancements, face-to-face interactions remain a fundamental aspect of human society. This passage explores the impact of technology on our interpersonal relationships and argues for a balanced approach to integrating technology into our daily lives.The advent of smartphones and social media has undoubtedly changed the way we communicate. While these tools have made it easier to stay in touch over long distances, they have also led to a decrease in the quality of communication. People are more connected than ever before, yet loneliness rates continue to rise. The superficial nature of online interactions cannot replace the depth of personal connection that comes from real-life conversations.Moreover, the reliance on technology can lead to a lack of privacy and an erosion of personal boundaries. Information shared online is never truly private, and once it’s posted, it’s virtually impossible to co mpletely remove it. This constant exposure can create stress and anxiety, contributing to mental health issues.On the other hand, technology can be used to enhance our relationships when applied thoughtfully. Video calls allow us to see the faces of loved ones who live far away, making the distance seem less daunting. Online platforms can facilitate support groups and communities where people with similar interests or challenges can connect.Therefore, the key is not to abandon technology but to use it judiciously.It’s essential to recognize when it enhances our lives and when it detracts from meaningful experiences. Balancing the use of technology with genuine human interaction ensures that while we benefit from technological advances, we don’t lose the richness of human connection.Questions:1、What is the main argument presented in the passage?A. Technology should be completely abandoned.B. Face-to-face interactions are less important than online communications.C. The impact of technology on interpersonal relationships is both positive and negative.D. Social media is beneficial for all types of communication.Answer: C.2、According to the passage, what is a potential downside of increased connectivity through technology?A. Improved mental health.B. Enhanced privacy.C. Increased feelings of isolation.D. Stronger family ties.Answer: C.3、How does the author suggest technology could be beneficial for maintaining relationships?A. By replacing all face-to-face meetings with video calls.B. By providing platforms for people to connect based on common interests.C. By ensuring all information shared online remains private.D. By encouraging the use of social media at all times.Answer: B.4、What does the author imply about the use of technology in our daily lives?A. It should be avoided as it always leads to negative outcomes.B. It should be embraced without any restrictions.C. It should be used selectively to complement real-life interactions.D. It should replace traditional forms of communication entirely.Answer: C.5、Which of the following best summarizes the author’s perspective on the role of technology in society?A. Technology is inherently detrimental to society.B. Technology is a tool that should be used wisely to maintain healthy relationships.C. Technology has no significant effect on how people interact.D. Technology is solely responsible for the rise in loneliness rates.Answer: B.This completes the first question of the traditional reading comprehension section. Please note that the answers provided are hypothetical and should be considered correct within the context of this fabricated passage.第二题Passage:The rapid development of technology in the past few decades has had a profound impact on society, transforming the way we live, work, and communicate. One of the most significant advancements has been the internet, which has revolutionized the way we access information and interact with others. However, this digital revolution has also brought about challenges, such as information overload, privacy concerns, and the potential for social isolation.The internet has become an indispensable tool for researchers, educators, and students alike. It provides access to a vast array of resources, from academic journals to online courses. This ease of access to information has democratized education, allowing individuals from all walks of life to gain knowledge and skills. Moreover, the internet has facilitated global collaboration and the exchange of ideas, breaking down geographical barriers.Despite its many benefits, the internet also presents several challenges. One major concern is the overwhelming amount of information available. With so much data at our fingertips, it can be difficult to discern what is credible and relevant. Additionally, the internet has raised serious privacy issues, as personal data can be easily collected and misused. Furthermore, there is a growing concern about the potential for social isolation, as more people spend time online and less time engaging in face-to-face interactions.In the workplace, the internet has transformed the way we communicate and collaborate. Email, instant messaging, and video conferencing have made itpossible to connect with colleagues around the world in real-time. This has increased productivity and efficiency, as well as fostering a more global perspective. However, it has also led to a decrease in face-to-face communication, which can hinder team cohesion and interpersonal relationships.Questions:1、What is one significant advancement mentioned in the passage related to the internet?2、How has the internet affected education according to the passage?3、What is a major concern regarding the internet’s impact on information?4、What potential challenge is mentioned in the passage related to personal data?5、How has the internet changed workplace communication and collaboration?Answers:1、The internet.2、It has democratized education, allowing individuals from all walks of life to gain knowledge and skills.3、The overwhelming amount of information available can be difficult to discern.4、The potential for personal data to be easily collected and misused.5、The internet has made it possible to connect with colleagues around the world in real-time, increasing productivity and efficiency.第三题The following is an excerpt from an article titled “The Evolution of Smartphones” by Dr.Jane Smith.In the last decade, smartphones have revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and live our daily lives. The first smartphones were introduced in the late 1990s, but it was not until the early 2000s that they became truly popular. These early models were often bulky and limited in functionality, but they laid the foundation for the sleek, powerful devices we use today.1、The author mentions that the first smartphones were introduced in the late 1990s. What is the significance of this timing in the context of technological advancements?A. The late 1990s marked the beginning of the internet era.B. The late 1990s saw the rise of personal computers.C. The late 1990s was when the first computer viruses were discovered.D. The late 1990s was a period of economic recession.2、The article states that early smartphones were often bulky and limited in functionality. How did these limitations compare to the smartphones of today?A. Early smartphones had more features than current models.B. Early smartphones were more compact and had more advanced features.C. Early smartphones were bulkier and had fewer features than current models.D. Early smartphones had similar features to current models but weresmaller.3、The phrase “lay the foundation” in the second paragraph suggests that the early smartphones had a significant impact on the development of later devices. What does this imply about the evolution of smartphones?A. The evolution of smartphones has been slow and gradual.B. The evolution of smartphones has been rapid and transformative.C. The evolution of smartphones has been stagnant and uneventful.D. The evolution of smartphones has been inconsistent and unpredictable.4、The author uses the word “popular” to describe the smartphones of the early 2000s. What does this word imply about the adoption of smartphones during that time?A. Only a small number of people were using smartphones.B. Smartphones were widely adopted by the general public.C. Smartphones were only popular among a niche market.D. Smartphones were not used by many people until the late 2000s.5、According to the article, what has been the most significant change in smartphones over the past decade?A. The increase in screen size.B. The development of advanced cameras.C. The integration of artificial intelligence features.D. The reduction in device size.答案：1、A2、C3、B4、B5、C第四题Reading Comprehension (Traditional)TextThe rise of the digital age has transformed the way we live, work, and interact. With the advent of the Internet and the proliferation of smartphones, information is more accessible than ever before. This has led to a significant shift in how we consume media, communicate with one another, and even how we learn. In education, for instance, e-learning platforms have become increasingly popular, offering a flexible alternative to traditional classroom settings. Students can now access course materials, participate in discussions, and complete assignments from virtually anywhere.Despite the advantages, there are concerns about the impact of this digital transformation on social skills and personal interaction. Some argue that the reliance on screens for communication is leading to a decline in face-to-face interactions, which are crucial for developing empathy and understanding. Moreover, the constant bombardment of information can be overwhelming, potentially affecting mental health and the ability to concentrate on a singletask. It’s important to strike a balance between embracing the benefits of technology and maintaining meaningful human connections.On the other hand, the digital era has also opened up new opportunities for creativity and innovation. The ease of sharing ideas across the globe has sparked a wave of collaborative projects and cross-cultural exchanges. Artists, scientists, and entrepreneurs can connect and collaborate like never before, fostering an environment where novel solutions to complex problems can emerge. Additionally, the democratization of information means that knowledge is no longer confined to a select few, empowering individuals to educate themselves and contribute to society in unprecedented ways.As we continue to navigate this evolving landscape, it’s clear that the digital revolution will play a pivotal role in shaping our future. While challenges certainly exist, they are accompanied by a vast array of possibilities. Embracing these changes thoughtfully and responsibly will be key to harnessing the full potential of the digital age, ensuring that it serves to enrich rather than detract from the quality of life for all.Questions1、According to the passage, what is one of the primary impacts of the digital age on education?•A) It has made traditional classrooms obsolete.•B) It has introduced e-learning as a flexible option.•C) It has eliminated the need for teachers.•D) It has decreased the overall cost of education.•Answer: B) It has introduced e-learning as a flexible option.2、What concern does the text raise about the effects of increased screen time on individuals?•A) It improves their social skills significantly.•B) It enhances their ability to multitask.•C) It may lead to a decrease in face-to-face interactions.•D) It reduces the amount of information available.•Answer: C) It may lead to a decrease in face-to-face interactions.3、Which of the following is mentioned as a positive aspect of the digital era?•A) The simplification of complex problems.•B) The reduction in the diversity of ideas.•C) The increase in global collaboration and idea sharing.•D) The centralization of information control.•Answer: C) The increase in global collaboration and idea sharing.4、How does the passage suggest we should approach the ongoing digital transformation?•A) By rejecting technological advancements.•B) By limiting access to digital devices.•C) By carefully balancing its use with human interaction.•D) By completely relying on digital solutions for all aspects of life.•Answer: C) By carefully balancing its use with human interaction.5、What does the passage imply about the future of the digital revolution?•A) It will have no significant impact on society.•B) It will only bring negative consequences.•C) It will offer both challenges and opportunities.•D) It will solve all current societal issues.•Answer: C) It will offer both challenges and opportunities.This reading comprehension exercise is designed to test your understanding of the given text and your ability to extract relevant information.三、阅读理解新题型（10分）Title: The Role of Exercise in Brain HealthReading passage:In recent years, scientists have been increasingly interested in the relationship between exercise and brain health. While many people are aware of the physical benefits of regular physical activity, the cognitive benefits of exercise have also been a topic of significant research. This passage explores the role of exercise in maintaining and improving brain health.Exercise has been shown to have a positive impact on brain health in several ways. Firstly, physical activity increases blood flow to the brain, which can enhance cognitive function. Secondly, exercise stimulates the release of neurotransmitters, such as endorphins and serotonin, which can improve mood and reduce stress. Lastly, regular exercise can help to reduce the risk of developing neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.One study published in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry found that individuals who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for at least 150 minutes per week had a lower risk of cognitive decline than those who were inactive. Additionally, another study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology found that regular exercise was associated with a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.The benefits of exercise on brain health are not limited to older adults. Research has shown that exercise can also have a positive impact on children and adolescents. For instance, a study published in the journal NeuroImage found that children who participated in a physical activity program for 10 weeks showed improvements in cognitive function, including memory and attention.Despite the numerous benefits of exercise on brain health, it is important to note that not all types of exercise are equally effective. Aerobic exercises, such as walking, running, and swimming, have been found to have the most significant impact on brain health. Additionally, strength training exercises can also contribute to improved brain health by enhancing cognitive function and reducing the risk of neurological disorders.Questions:1.What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To discuss the physical benefits of exercise.B. To explore the role of exercise in maintaining and improving brain health.C. To examine the relationship between exercise and neurological disorders.D. To analyze the effects of exercise on cognitive function in children.2.According to the passage, how does exercise benefit brain health?A. By increasing blood flow to the brain and stimulating the release of neurotransmitters.B. By improving mood and reducing stress.C. By reducing the risk of neurological disorders.D. All of the above.3.What was the main finding of the study published in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry?A. Individuals who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity had a higher risk of cognitive decline.B. Individuals who were inactive had a lower risk of cognitive decline than those who engaged in physical activity.C. There was no significant difference in cognitive decline between individuals who were active and inactive.D. Regular exercise had no impact on cognitive decline.4.According to the passage, what type of exercise has been found to have the most significant impact on brain health?A. Strength training exercises.B. Aerobic exercises, such as walking, running, and swimming.C. Yoga and meditation.D. High-intensity interval training.5.What is the main conclusion of the passage?A. Exercise has no impact on brain health.B. Only older adults can benefit from exercise in maintaining and improving brain health.C. Regular exercise is crucial for maintaining and improving brain health across all age groups.D. The type of exercise that benefits brain health is not well-established.Answers:1.B2.D3.B4.B5.C四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）第一题Translate the following paragraph into English.“随着科技的飞速发展，人们的生活方式发生了翻天覆地的变化。

Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A (1 Point each)1. A. His paper has been published with the help of his adviser.B. His paper has won an award with the help of his adviser.C. His paper has been revised by his adviser.D. His paper has got the approval from his adviser.2. A. Tom is terribly ill. B. Tom is in low spirits.C. Tom is bad-tempered.D. Tom is nervous at the moment3. A. He saw his boss in person for the first time.B. He is now complaining in a different way.C. He has made his boss change his attitude.D. He has changed his opinion of his boss.4. A. He was not fond of the concert.B. He didn't like the tea offered at the concert.C. He left early to have some tea with somebody else.D. He doesn't want to tell the woman why he was not there.5. A. He always looks down upon others.B. He always lowers the value of others.C. He always judges people by their appearanceD. He is always reluctant to take newcomers.6. A. She is always stupid. B. She is always concentrated.C. She is always careless.D. She is always absent-minded.7. A. She wants to leave a way out. B. She doesn't trust her boss.C. She wants to repay her boss.D. She wants to stay with her boss as long as possible8. A. She should let her daughter decide.B. She should choose what the teacher is interested in.C. She should make the same choice as the other parents.D. She should choose what she is interested in.9. A. She felt very cold because of the weather. B. She was frightened by the scene.C. She sent the two boys to the hospital.D. She went to help the injured immediately. Mini-talk one10. A. He went mountain climbing. B. He went camping.C. He went to a party:D. He went to a concert.11. A. He was lost in the forest. B. He was caught in a natural disaster.C. He was woken up in the middle of the night.D. He burned his dinner.12. A. Because it was too noisy. B. Because he wanted to join the party.C. Because he was too tired.D. Because he turned on some music.Mini-talk Two13. A. They may be overweight. B. They may earn less money.C. The may suffer from serious diseases.D. They may have lasting damage in their brain.14. A. Improving children's nutrition in their country.B. Providing their people with cleaner conditions.C. Improving health care for their people.D. Providing their people with better education.15. A. Preschool period. B. Teenage period.C. Between birth and 15 years old.D. Between pregnancy and two years old.Section C (1 point each)16. "Facebook" and "MySpace" are some of the most popular blog sites for_______________.17. Blogs offer young people a place to show their writings and ______________.18. Personal information puts teenagers at risk of being sought out by dangerous people who ______.19. When teenagers include information on their blogs that can be seen as a threat to others they can ___________________.20. Parents are advised to read their children's blogs to make sure they are not giving out__________.PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each)21. The city was virtually paralyzed by the transit strike for better wages.A. subjectivelyB. imaginablyC. positivelyD. practically22. In spite of the taxing business schedule, he managed to take some time off for exercise.A. imposingB. demandingC. compulsoryD. temporary23. The court held the parents accountable for the minor child's acts of violence.A. responsible forB. indifferent toC. desperate forD. involved in24.The visitors were impressed by the facilities planned and programmed in terms of their interrelationships.A. in units ofB. with reference toC. in aspects ofD. on condition of25. "There is a weird power in a spoken word," Joseph Conrad once said.A. mightyB. prospectiveC. oddD. formidable26. Poverty and inadequate health care take their toll on the quality of a community's health.A. destructionB. contributionC. chargeD. origin27. This old man had trouble expressing the attachment he felt when arriving at his native town.A. hospitalityB. affection C: appeal D. frustration28. If you become reconciled to your lot, you will never get a new start in life.A. submissiveB. resistantC. tolerableD. committed29. The little girl felt increasingly uneasy while waiting for her mother at the bus-stop.A. difficultB. excitedC. relievedD. restless30. A high official is likely to win respect and trust if he can stick to his principles.A. turn toB. add toC. keep toD. lead toSection B (0.5 point each)31. To achieve sustainable development, the of resources is assuming new importance.A. conservationB. reservationC. exhaustionD. devastation32. The sale of alcoholic beverages is ________ to those above 21 in some regions.A. confinedB. inhibitedC. obligedD. restricted33. The importance of protecting rainforests from human invasion is increasingly realized by developing anddeveloped countries_______.A. bothB. eitherC. alikeD. apart34. Before the 1980s, the idea of health insurance was quite _______ to those living in the mainland of China.A. overseasB. abroadC. foreignD. offshore35. The government is expected to make new legislations to ______ foreign investment in real estate.A. manipulateB. regulateC. dominateD. prevail36. Despite the suspect's ________to be innocent, there is compelling evidence that he was involved.A. convictionB. assertionC. accusationD. speculation37. For many countries, being part of a global supply chain is like striking oil -- oil that may never ____.A. run outB. work outC. turn outD. call out38. Having been an office secretary for some years, she always _______chores in a responsible way.A. goes onB. goes forC. goes withoutD. goes about39. Without clear guidelines ______, executives of hospitals are sometimes at a loss about what to do.A. in orderB. in placeC. in needD. in trouble40. The age of other trees is variously estimated as ______ from two hundred to eight hundred years.A. changingB. differingC. varyingD. rangingPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Every year, as the price of goods rises, the inflation refuses to (41) even from the high educational institutions. In the US, according to a 2023 survey by the College Board, (42) at state universities rose by an average of 7.1percent annually, after a year when inflation grew much less. At private schools it was up 5.9 percent. The survey which (43) more than 3,000 colleges and universities did not provide clear reasons for the continued increases. It did say that the price of goods and services at universities have risen rapidly. Some of the fastest growth has been in employee health (44), and professional salaries.Living expenses on campus have also (45). At the university of Southern California student dining hall, a buffet meal cost $5.50 in 2023. But now it's $9. The US government often provides (46) assistance to students' lunch in primary and high schools, but these favorable policies usually don't (47) universities.Some students said the food on campus is sometimes even more expensive than that at restaurants (48) campus.To compensate the rise in tuition and living expenses, the federal and state governments (49) universities and private sources have provided (50) for students. Of all the full time undergraduates about 62 percent have a grant covering 30-50 percent of their tuition, according to the College Board.41. A. stay away B. stand out C. step down D. set off42. A. fares B. payment C. charges D. tuition43. A. attended B. covered C. included D. composed44. A. welfares B. advantages C. benefits D. goods45. A. rolled up B. gone up C. sat up D. taken up46. A. management B. economic C. policy D. financial47. A. apply to B. suit for C. adjust to D. gear for48. A. in B. to C. off D. over49. A. as well as B. the same as C. as far as D. such as50. A. grasps B. grains C. grounds D. grantsPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneDid your mum and dad go to university, or did they leave school and go straight to the Job Centre? The educational experience of parents is still important when it comes to how today's students choose an area of study and what to do after graduation, according to The Future-track research in the UK.The research was done by the Higher Education Careers Service Unit. It plans to follow university applicants for six years from 2023 through their early careers.The first year's findings come from a study of 130,000 university applicants. They show significant differences in prospective students' approach to higher education, depending on whether their parents got degrees (second-generation applicants) or didn't (first-generation applicants).First-generation applicants were more likely to say that their career and employment prospects were uppermost in their minds in deciding to go to university. About one-fifth of this group gave "to enable me to get a good job" as their main reason for choosing HE. And 37 percent said that a degree was "part of my career plan".A young person coming from a non-professional household where finances are stretched may find the idea of learning for its own sake to be a luxury. This explains the explosion in vocational courses.At Portsmouth University, first-year student Kim Burnett, 19, says that she specifically chose her degree in health research management and psychology to get a secure, well-paid job. Harriet Edge, 20, studying medicine at Manchester University, also wanted job security. Her parents lacked college degrees, though the fact that her uncle is a doctor appears to have influenced her choice."Medicine is one of those fields where it's pretty likely you'll get a job at the end. That's a big plus, as the debt levels after five years of study are going to be frightening," she says. Many experts believe that this situation affects those with no family tradition of higher education far more keenly. The fact that 26 percent of respondents said that they needed more advice implies that some students may end up feeling that their higher education investment was not worthwhile.For those with graduate parents, this lack of guidance may, the researchers suggest, be less of a problem. " But, for those without the advantages, lack of access to career guidance before applying for higher education leaves them exposed to making poorer choices," the survey concludes.51. The main idea of the passage is that_________.A. parents' experiences are more important for their children's educationB. parents' careers are vitally important for their children's degreesC. students' approach to higher education correlates with their parents' educational experienceD. students' career and employment prospects are decided by their parents52. "HE" in the 4th paragraph probably refers to __________.A. health educationB. higher employmentC. Harriet EdgeD. higher education53. A young person coming from a non-professional household ____________.A. is less likely to get financial aid to go to universityB. is more likely to choose vocational educationC. may think learning for pleasure is a good ideaD. may choose to study for a professional degree54. In which of the following aspects do Kim Burnett and Harriet Edge have in common?A. They both chose their majors because of their family influence.B. They are both the first-year students in university.C. Both of their parents lack college degrees.D. Both of them chose degrees for job security.55. It is implied that ____________.A. the cost of a degree in medicine is very highB. higher education investment in medicine is not worthwhileC. a student without family medical tradition is less likely to choose medicineD. medicine is a field where every degree-holder can get a job56.Those with graduate parents may _________.A. make poorer choices when choosing their majorsB. make better choices when applying for higher educationC. not need career guidance before graduationD. have no problems in applying for a collegePassage TwoLast month, the public address system at Earl's Court subway station in London was ordered to get the noise down. Passengers, it seems, had had enough of being told the blindingly obvious: "Stand back or the train will run you over." "Don't lean on the doors." "Stand back from the opening doors." "Do this." "Don't do that."Bossiness is not just aural. It is also written. As a commuter, I'm continually bombarded by notices on car walls. "Please take your feet off the seat." "Please turn down your personal stereo." And when I drive past the local primary, a sign flashes: "School. Slow down!"The presumption behind these signs is that Britons must have everything spelled out because we are tow, uncivilized people who were raised by wolves.Britain didn't use to be so bossy. When I was a boy, for instance, the local cinema put a warning on screenbefore we settled down to watch. "Don't," it said, "make noises." In those days, long before mobile phones, it was the only bossiness we saw in the cinema. Since then, bossiness has become more commonplace. Television, that strongest guide to public morals and lifestyles in this country, is alive with dominant people. On screen, we see health experts holding some poor woman's breasts and demanding that she get in shape. Cooking programs tell us not to think of leaving toast crumbs on the kitchen table.There is no point in blaming TV for this new bossiness. We want to be bossed. We have behaved badly and now we yearn to feel the whip to correct us. On July 1, smoking will be banned in public places in England. My local government told churches in the area last week that no-smoking posters must be prominently displayed by church entrances.I love this: the governments are bossing people to make them more bossy. They are insisting that priests tell their congregations (教区旳教民) what to do.My local government isn't the only source of bossiness. I find it everywhere. But the rise in bossiness does not seem to have been accompanied by a rise in socially well-adjusted behavior. In fact, the opposite. Perhaps this is because, if you feel as though you are treated with contempt, you will respond with the same.57. The case at Earl's Court subway station shows that _________.A. it is very noisy in public placesB. it is necessary to warn the passengers of their safetyC. people have realized the importance of public orderD. people have been tired of being bossed58. It is presumed that bossiness is everywhere because Britons__________.A. need to be bossed to behave themselvesB. want to be reminded of how to behave wellC. must have everything spelled outD. are raised in uncivilized society59. It is suggested in the passage that____________.A. now Britons behave much better than they did in the pastB. in the past Britons behaved much better than they do nowC. the dominant people on screen should be blamed for the new bossinessD. television has misguided the public morals and lifestyles in Britain60. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. Television should play a role in enhancing public morals.B. The local government has got involved in the church activities.C. The governments want to make themselves more authoritative by bossing people.D. The rise in bossiness has helped the improvement of people's behavior.61. The author writes this passage in a _________.A. funny toneB. criticizing toneC. friendly toneD. radical tone62. What is the appropriate title of this passage?A. British People Have Had Enough Bossiness AroundB. British People Want to Be BossedC. Bossiness in Great Britain: Its Past and PresentD. Bossiness in Great Britain Should Be IgnoredPassage ThreeIt began as just another research project, in this case to examine the effects of various drugs on patients with a severe mood disorder. Using an advanced brain scanning technology--the clumsily named echo-planar magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (磁共振光谱成像) procedure, or EP-MRSI--researchers at Boston's McLean Hospital scanned the medicated and un-medicated brains of 30 people with bipolar disorder in order to detect possible new treatments for the more than 2 million American adults who suffer from the disease.But something unexpected happened. A patient who had been so depressed that she could barely speak became ebullient after the 45-minute brain scan. Then a second patient, who seemed incapable of even a smile, emerged actually telling jokes. Then another and another. Was this some coincidence? Aimee Parow, the technician who made these observations didn't think so. She mentioned the patients' striking mood shifts to her boss and together they completely refocused the study: to see if the electromagnetic fields might actually have a curative effect on depressive mood.As it turns out, they did. As reported last month in the American Journal of Psychiatry, 23 of the 30 people who were part of the study reported feeling significantly less depressed after the scan. The most dramatic improvements were among those who were taking no medication. The researchers are cautious. Says Bruce Cohen, McLean's president and psychiatrist in chief: “I want to emphasize that we are not saying this is the answer but this is a completely different approach in trying to help the brain than anything that was done before."It's a completely different approach because of the way the magnetism is applied to the brain. But it's anexample of new research on an old idea: that the brain is an electromagnetic organ and that brain disorders might result from disorder in magnetic function. The idea has huge appeal to psychiatrists and patients alike, since for many people the side effects of psychiatric (精神旳) drugs are almost as difficult to manage as the disease itself. And 30 percent of the nearly 18.8 million people who suffer from depression do not respond to any of the antidepressants available now. People with other severe mental disorders might benefit as well. And while no one fully understands exactly why or how the brain responds as it does to electrical currents and magnetic waves, fascinating new research is offering some possible explanations.63. The first paragraph describes a project aimed at finding ____________.A. who has bipolar disorderB. what improves people's moodsC. whether magnetic scanning is a treatmentD. how some patients respond to some drugs64. What does the passage say about bipolar disorder?A.It mainly affects males.B. It may cause drug addiction.C. It is a mental problem.D. It is hard to detect.65. The word "ebullient" in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by________.A. considerateB. quietC. excitedD. sorrowful66. The researchers' attitude toward the new finding can be described as_________.A. confusedB. amusedC. carefulD. skeptical67. The new finding is significant because it shows that electromagnetic fields mayA. treat mental disordersB. cause mental disordersC. increase the effectiveness of some drugsD. reduce the effectiveness of some drugs68. The passage mainly_________.A. reports a discoveryB. challenges a discoveryC. explains the problems with a discoveryD. describes the background of a discoveryPassage FourMy kids tell me that I am "so 20th century", which troubles me. A person likes to feel that he is "with it", as we used to say in the 20th century.So I have been thinking how I might change myself into a true 21st-century man. Clearly, in my advanced state of age I would be foolish to attempt some wild leap into the contemporary fashion. And anyway, my distinctive taste attracts much favourable comment.But if my clothing is too characteristic to change, perhaps I should do something about my lifestyle. So last week I took myself to the NEC for the Smart Home Show which is "the exhibition dedicated to all the latest trends in smart home technology".It was a shock. How could I have lived for half a century without a fingerprint-operated front door? ("Never lock yourself out of your home again!") Or vacuum cleaners that suck dust straight into a dustbin, via a system of pipes in your house walls? (All you have to do is rebuild your entire home.) Or automatic garden sprinklers which are so smart that they turn themselves off when it starts to rain? Of course, you could just look out of the window, observe that it's raining and turn them off yourself, but that would be so 20th century.Besides, those were just the simpler things. For the true smart-home owner, a plasma (等离子) TV fireplace is a must. At first glance it's just an electric fire with a mantelpiece，but press your remote and a giant TV screen rises from the mantelpiece. "Thieves won't even know it's there," a spokesman claimed. Just as well. At£5,280，it would be a pity to have it broken. But the real revolution has happened in the bathroom. Never again need you feel cut off from world events as you go about your washing. Forget the mirrors that turn into TV screens. They're old hat. The buzz in bathrooms now is all about heated towel-racks that turn into TVs.Enough! I was convinced: I want a smart home. There's only one problem: The cost. You are looking at £18,000 to £25,000 for an average home. Hmm. I won't be entering the 21st century just yet, then.69. To be "21st century", the author decided to___________.A. move to a new houseB. change the way he livedC. improve his dressing styleD. talk in the most trendy fashion70. The author's comment on the vacuum cleaner implies that___________.A. he believed that it was uselessB. he wanted to purchase one himselfC. he hated to cause inconvenienceD. he thought that it was not worth the effort71. What is the most revolutionary smart home technology according to the author?A. The plasma TV fireplace.B. The automatic garden sprinkler.C. Mirrors that turn into TV screens.D. Heated towel-racks that turn into TVs.72. The Smart Home Show__________.A. seemed too good to be trueB. was a true eye-opener for the authorC. left a negative impression on the authorD. appealed less to the middle- and old-aged73. What does the author think of buying the smart home products?A. He was interested, but found them too expensive.B. He was fascinated, and determined to buy them.C. He wasn't attracted, and wouldn't buy them.D. He wasn't sure, so he would rather wait and see.74. Which of the following words could best describe the author's tone?A. Overstated.B. Objective.C. Ironic.D. Passionate.Passage FiveNever before has flying been so controversial. In the space of two years, the environmental damage done by planes has gone from being something quietly discussed by scientists and committed environmentalists, to a headline-grabbing issue no one can ignore.Even those who fly once or twice a year on holiday can't help but feel a growing sense of guilt, while those opting for trips by car, train or ferry have a self-righteous spring in their steps.Now, however, the backlash is beginning. The tourism and aviation industries are mobilizing, and pointing out some awkward facts. Did you know that some ferries emit far more carbon dioxide than some planes'? That driving can release twice as much carbon as flying? A new report from Balpa, the pilot's union, even claims that planes can be better than train.While there are the campaigners who plot their camp at Heathrow to protest the air travel, in Kenya plans are being drawn up for a very different camp. Looking out from a cliff over the deserts of Samburuland is a stunning hotel, the O1 Malo Eco-Lodge. Revenue from the small number of visiting tourists has allowed the 5,000 acres around it to be transformed from over-grazed cattle ranch to a conservation site. More impressive still is the O1 Malo eye project. Up to 80 per cent of adults in the area suffer sight loss, so the O1 Malo Trust runs regular surgical camps, bringing doctors from the UK to treat them. In January, the camp gave 102 peopleback their sight. "It's very simple--all of our visitors fly here," said Julia Francombe, the founder. "If they stopped coming, it would kill us."One thing on which all sides agree is that aviation is booming, so it becomes crucial to develop new and less polluting aircraft. Airbus's claim that it can save the world with the A380 may be far-fetched, but its "gentle giant" plane is far more efficient and quieter than those of 20 years ago.Some environmentalists, however, scorn these advances, saying such measures are a "delusion." "The aviation industry is likely to vastly overstate the gains that can be made from technological improvements but sadly a climate friendly plane isn't on the horizon," says Emily Armistead of Greenpeace.So the question is: who do you believe?75. Pollution caused by planes used to _____________.A. be heatedly debated in the scientific communityB. be a controversial issue no one could ignoreC. draw little attention among the general publicD. divert people's attention from more important issues76. Compared with people who fly, those who choose cars or trains for travel_________.A. feel equally guilty of causing environmental damagesB. seem to care more about the environment than about timeC. believe that they are doing the right thing for the environmentD. are more troubled by the latest facts on environmental pollution77. The camps in Kenya are mentioned to_________.A. demonstrate the necessity of flyingB. emphasize the problems of flyingC. persuade people to turn to flyingD. present the two sides of flying78. Emily Armistead suggests that the aviation industry___________.A. has not made great efforts to develop environmentally friendly planesB. cannot come up with environmentally friendly planes in the near futureC. should not use environmentally friendly planes to solve their problemsD. will not save the world even with environmentally friendly planes79. What is the author's position on air travel?A. Air travel should be avoided if possible.B. Air travel is not as problematic as people believe.C. It is too early to say that air travel has caused damages.D. It is hard to decide whether we should continue air travel80. The best title for the passage is “___________”.A. Should We Stop Flying?B. When Can We Stop Flying?C. What Will Happen If We Stop Flying?D. Will Stopping Flying Make a Difference?PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)British previous colonial policies led to the spread of English across the world. This wide use of English has。

2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)自测试题与参考答案一、完型填空（10分）Passage:Many people today believe that the world is becoming more and more competitive. This is particularly true in the fields of education and employment. The pressure to succeed in these areas has never been greater, and people are feeling the stress more than ever before.One of the reasons for this increased pressure is the rapid technological advancements we have seen in recent years. These advancements have led to a greater demand for skilled workers. Consequently, young people feel that they need to continuously upgrade their knowledge and abilities in order to stay competitive.In the realm of education, the competition starts from a very young age. Toddlers are sent to special schools to develop their language and cognitive skills. Children in primary school are enrolled in extra-curricular activities to enhance their extracurricular abilities. And in high school, students are expected to excel in their academic studies and participate in various competitions to showcase their talents.Besides education, the job market is also highly competitive. With the onsetof the digital age, many traditional jobs have been replaced by technology. This has led to a scarcity of certain kinds of jobs, making them even more sought after. As a result, candidates for these positions must possess not only knowledge but also certain soft skills, such as teamwork, problem-solving, and communication.Even in the field of sports, competition is intense. Athletes from all over the world compete at the highest level, pushing themselves to their limits. The desire to win and recognition often drives them to train harder and longer than ever before.Questions:While the pressure to succeed in education and employment is increasing, many argue that the advancements in technology have also created opportunities for personal and career growth. Pick the most appropriate word or phrase for each of the following blanks:1.The pressure to succeed in these areas has_______________never been greater.A) barelyB) certainlyC) perhapsD) rarely2.These advancements have_______________to a greater demand for skilled workers.A) ledB) resultedC) contributedD) impacted3.Toddlers are sent to special schools to_______________their language and cognitive skills.A) cultivateB) enhanceC) inhibitD) damage4.In primary school, children are enrolled in extra-curricular activities to_______________their extracurricular abilities.A) exploitB) refineC) diminishD) thwart5.And in high school, students are expected to_______________in their academic studies.A) relayB) augmentC) thriveD) wane6.This has led to a scarcity of certain kinds of jobs,which_______________them even more sought after.A) rendersB) signifiesC) ensuresD) manifests7.Candidates for these positions must possess not only knowledge but also certain_______________skills.A) fundamentalB) creativeC) tenderD) diverse8.Even in the field of sports, competition is _______________.A) uniformB) incrementalC) intenseD) adverse9.Athletes from all over the world compete at the highestlevel,_______________themselves to their limits.A) pushingB) pullingC) draggingD) resisting10.The desire to win and recognition often_______________them to trainharder and longer.A) inducementsB) motivesC) obstaclesD) pressuresAnswers:1.A) barely2.A) led3.A) cultivate4.B) enhance5.C) thrive6.A) renders7.A) fundamental8.C) intense9.A) pushing10.D) pressures二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）First QuestionPassage:In recent years, the concept of resilience has gained significant traction across various sectors, including education, business, and mental health.Resilience, often defined as the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties, is now seen as a critical skill that can be developed and nurtured over time. The ability to bounce back after setbacks or failures is not just a personal asset but also a professional one, particularly in today’s rapidly changing world.Educators have begun to incorporate resilience-building activities into their curricula, recognizing that academic success is not solely dependent on intelligence or hard work. Instead, it is increasingly acknowledged that emotional intelligence, adaptability, and the willingness to take risks play crucial roles in achieving long-term goals. For instance, students who are taught to view failure as a learning opportunity rather than a personal shortcoming are more likely to persist through challenges and ultimately succeed.In the business world, resilience is equally important. Companies that can adapt to market changes and overcome obstacles tend to outperform those that cannot. Leaders who demonstrate resilience inspire confidence in their teams and foster a culture of perseverance and innovation. Moreover, resilient organizations are better equipped to manage crises, such as economic downturns or unexpected disruptions, by leveraging their agility and flexibility.Mental health professionals also emphasize the importance of resilience. They argue that building resilience can help individuals cope with stress, anxiety, and depression. Techniques such as mindfulness, positive thinking, andsocial support are effective tools in developing this trait. By cultivating these practices, individuals can improve their mental well-being and lead more fulfilling lives.Despite the growing recognition of resilience, there are still challenges in its implementation. For example, some critics argue that the emphasis on resilience may overlook systemic issues that contribute to adversity. Others point out that not everyone has equal access to resources that promote resilience, such as quality education or supportive communities. Therefore, while resilience is a valuable trait, it is essential to address broader societal factors that affect individuals’ ability to thrive.Questions:1、According to the passage, what is the primary definition of resilience?•A) The ability to avoid difficulties.•B) The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties.•C) The willingness to take risks.•D) The skill to adapt to market changes.•Answer: B2、How do educators incorporate resilience into their teaching?•A) By focusing solely on intelligence and hard work.•B) By discouraging students from taking risks.•C) By teaching students to view failure as a learning opportunity.•D) By emphasizing the importance of avoiding challenges.•Answer: C3、What advantage do resilient companies have in the business world?•A) They are less likely to face market changes.•B) They tend to outperform less adaptable companies.•C) They avoid taking any risks.•D) They rely solely on traditional methods.•Answer: B4、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a technique for building resilience in mental health?•A) Mindfulness.•B) Positive thinking.•C) Social support.•D) Physical exercise.•Answer: D5、What challenge is mentioned regarding the implementation of resilience?•A) The concept of resilience is too new to be understood.•B) There is a lack of interest in developing resilience.•C) Some people may not have equal access to resources that promote resilience.•D) Resilience is only beneficial for personal, not professional, development.•Answer: CSecond QuestionPassage:The traditional view of the relationship between women and technology has been one of conflict and resistance. Historically, women have been underrepresented in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This underrepresentation can be attributed to various factors, including societal biases, stereotypes, and discrimination. However, recent studies and initiatives have highlighted the significant contributions women have made to technological advancements, challenging the notion that women are naturally less capable or interested in technology.In the late 19th century, Ada Lovelace, an English mathematician, is often cited as the first computer programmer for her insights into Charles Babbage’s early mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine. Lovelace not only programmed the machine but also foresaw its potential for future applications, including what could be considered modern computing. Her detailed notes on the Analytical Engine are considered the first algorithm written for a machine.During the 20th century, women like Grace Hopper continued to make groundbreaking contributions. As a naval reserve officer in the U.S. Navy, Hopper developed the first compiler to translate code written in English into machine language, which helped to simplify programming. She also coined the term “debugging,” coined from the removal of a moth that was jamming an earlycomputer. Her contributions were significant, paving the way for modern programming languages.In more recent times, women like propName (a pseudonym to protect her privacy) have been challenging gender biases and stereotypes within tech companies. PropName, a software engineer, has shared her experiences and insights on how to create more inclusive workplace cultures. Through interviews, articles, and public speaking engagements, PropName has advocated for equal opportunities and supported initiatives that aim to increase female representation in tech.Despite these advances, challenges remain. Intersectional factors such as race, socioeconomic status, and personal identity continue to influence the experiences of women in technology. For instance, women of color often face additional barriers due to systemic inequalities and lack of role models. Nonetheless, the narrative is shifting as more women come forward with their stories and the tech industry begins to recognize the importance of diversity and inclusion.1、Who is Ada Lovelace considered to be in the history of computing?1、Ada Lovelace is considered the first computer programmer.2、What is Grace Hopper known for contributing to the tech industry?2、Grace Hopper is known for developing the first compiler and coining the term “debugging.”3、What is the pseudonym of the software engineer who advocated for equal opportunities and supported diversity initiatives?3、The pseudonym of the software engineer is propName.4、What additional barriers do women of color face in the tech industry, according to the passage?4、Women of color face additional barriers due to systemic inequalities anda lack of role models.5、What is the significance of the changing narrative in the tech industry according to the passage?5、The significance of the changing narrative is that the tech industry is recognizing the importance of diversity and inclusion.第三题For this part, you will read a passage. After reading the passage, you must complete the table below with the information given in the passage. Some of the information may be given in the passage; other information you will have to write in your own words.P了个G is an entertainment company based in Los Angeles. It specializes in pop musiccontracts and record producing. The company was founded in 1964 by Terry Melcher, who wanted to create a recording contract that would give artists the opportunity to keep more of their earnings and retain better control over their music. Over the years, P了个G has become one of the most successful entertainment companies, working with some of the biggest pop stars in the world.The company’s business model is centered on its contracts. These contrac ts are designed to help artists achieve financial success while giving them asignificant share of the profits from their music. The contracts also provide artistic freedom for the artists, allowing them to have creative control over their work.1、What is the main focus of P了个G’s company?A. Book publishingB. Film productionC. Pop music contracts and record producingD. Fashion design2、Who founded P了个G?A. Barry MelcerB. Terry MelcherC. Bob MelcerD. Jim Melcer3、What is one of the key benefits of the contracts offered by P了个G?A. Higher salaryB. Creative controlC. Exclusive merchandise sales rightsD. More opportunities for international exposure4、Why was P了个G founded?A. To give artists the opportunity to keep more of their earnings and retain better control over their musicB. To specialize in book publishingC. To produce filmsD. To design clothing5、How has P了个G become successful?A. By working with independent book publishersB. By producing high-quality filmsC. By specializing in pop music contracts and record producingD. By designing trendy fashionAnswers:1、C2、B3、B4、A5、C第四题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.In recent years, the rise of social media has had a significant impact on the way we communicate and share information. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have become integral parts of our daily lives, allowing us to connect with friends and family across the globe, share our thoughts and experiences, and even influence public opinion. However, this shift in communication has also raised concerns about the impact on traditional reading habits.The decline in reading traditional books and newspapers has been a topic of discussion among educators and researchers. Many argue that the ease of accessing information online has led to a decrease in deep reading and critical thinking skills. While online content is often concise and easy to digest, it lacks the depth and complexity that printed materials provide. This has raised questions about the future of literacy and the importance of reading for personal and intellectual development.One study conducted by researchers at the University of California, Irvine, found that students who spent more time on social media were less likely to engage in deep reading activities. The researchers noted that the constant stream of information and the need to keep up with the latest posts created a sense of urgency and distraction that hindered their ability to focus on longer, more complex texts. Moreover, the study suggested that the superficial nature of much online content contributed to a decline in overall literacy skills.Despite these concerns, some argue that social media can also be a valuable tool for promoting reading. Platforms like Goodreads and Book Riot have gained popularity, allowing book lovers to share recommendations, discuss favorite titles, and even organize virtual book clubs. These communities have the potential to inspire individuals to pick up a book and delve into a new story or topic.1、What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of social mediaB) The decline of traditional reading habitsC) The impact of social media on educationD) The rise of online communities2、According to the passage, what has been a concern regarding the rise of social media?A) The increase in online communitiesB) The decline in reading traditional books and newspapersC) The decrease in critical thinking skillsD) The rise in book sales3、What study mentioned in the passage found about students using social media?A) They spent more time on deep reading activities.B) They were more likely to engage in critical thinking.C) They were less likely to engage in deep reading activities.D) They preferred online content over printed materials.4、How does the passage suggest social media can be a valuable tool for promoting reading?A) By providing concise and easy-to-digest information.B) By encouraging superficial reading habits.C) By allowing book lovers to share recommendations and discuss titles.D) By creating a sense of urgency and distraction.5、What is the overall tone of the passage regarding the impact of socialmedia on reading?A) NegativeB) PositiveC) NeutralD) AmbiguousAnswers:1、B) The decline of traditional reading habits2、B) The decline in reading traditional books and newspapers3、C) They were less likely to engage in deep reading activities.4、C) By allowing book lovers to share recommendations and discuss titles.5、D) Ambiguous三、阅读理解新题型（10分）PassageArtificial Intelligence: A Path to Future Innovation and ChallengesArtificial intelligence (AI) has been a key buzzword in recent years. With the rapid advancement in machine learning algorithms and the increasing availability of big data, AI is transforming nearly every industry and field. AI systems can now perform tasks that were once thought to require human intelligence, such as natural language processing, image recognition, and decision-making. These capabilities are largely due to the development of deep learning neural networks, which enable AI to learn from vast datasets and improveover time.However, as AI continues to grow, it also raises significant ethical and societal concerns. For example, AI could be used to discriminate against certain groups, leading to unfair hiring practices or biased decision-making. Privacy concerns are another major issue, as AI may collect and analyze large amounts of personal data without proper oversight. As AI becomes more integrated into our daily lives, it is crucial for society to address these challenges through a combination of technological advances and policy measures.In this changing landscape, the role of researchers and policymakers is more important than ever. Academics and experts need to continue developing AI technologies that are robust and fair, while policymakers must ensure that AI is used ethically and for the betterment of society.Questions1.What is the primary reason AI is transforming nearly every industry and field?A. The rapid advancement in machine learning algorithms.B. The decreasing cost of big data storage.C. The development of new types of computer processors.D. The improvement in user interface and interaction design.Answer: A. The rapid advancement in machine learning algorithms.2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a concern related to the use of AI?A. Discrimination against certain groups.B. Privacy concerns.C. Job displacement.D. Unfair hiring practices.Answer: C. Job displacement. (Not explicitly mentioned in the passage.)3.What capability has AI demonstrated in recent years?A. Predicting stock market trends.B. Performing tasks requiring human intelligence, such as natural language processing.C. Designing new molecular compounds.D. Creating complex artworks.Answer: B. Performing tasks requiring human intelligence, such as natural language processing.4.What is the role of policymakers in addressing the challenges posed by the integration of AI into society?A. To ensure ethical use of AI.B. To develop AI technologies.C. To collect and analyze personal data.D. To promote the use of AI in industries.Answer: A. To ensure ethical use of AI.5.What is the significance of the role of researchers and experts in this changing landscape?A. To address technological challenges.B. To develop robust and fair AI technologies.C. To control the distribution of AI tools.D. To manage AI-related privacy concerns.Answer: B. To develop robust and fair AI technologies.This passage and the associated questions are designed to test the examinee’s comprehension and analytical skills regarding the topic of artificial intelligence, including its benefits, challenges, and the roles of various stakeholders.四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）第一题中文：Translate the following passage into English.随着互联网的普及，人们获取信息的渠道日益多样化。

硕士英语考试题库及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "phenomenon" is most closely related to which of the following?A. AppearanceB. EventC. FactD. Idea2. According to the context, which of the following is the correct usage of the word "significant"?A. The book is significant to me.B. The book is significantly important.C. The book is of significant importance.D. The book is significant importance.3. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She is one of the most talented singer.B. She is one of the most talented singers.C. She is one of the most talented to sing.D. She is one of the most talented in singing.4. The phrase "break the ice" is commonly used to mean:A. To make a hole in the ice.B. To start a conversation in a friendly way.C. To stop a conversation abruptly.D. To keep a conversation going.5. What is the antonym of the word "diverse"?A. UniformB. SimilarC. DifferentD. Varied6. Fill in the blank: Despite the heavy rain, they decided to go out for a walk. The correct phrase to complete thesentence is:A. In spite ofB. In addition toC. As a result ofD. Because of7. The idiom "barking up the wrong tree" means:A. Making a mistake in identifying the source of a problem.B. Being very loyal to someone.C. Trying to solve a problem by talking.D. Being very aggressive.8. Which of the following is the correct form of the verb to express a habitual action in the past?A. She used to go for a run every morning.B. She used go for a run every morning.C. She was used to going for a run every morning.D. She is used to go for a run every morning.9. The correct use of the comparative form of the adjective "big" is:A. BiggerB. More bigC. Most bigD. Bigest10. The phrase "take a rain check" is used to mean:A. To accept an invitation.B. To postpone an event.C. To cancel an event.D. To check the weather.答案：1. B2. C3. B4. B5. A6. A7. A8. A9. A10. B二、完形填空（每题1分，共10分）Read the following passage and choose the best word to complete it.In a small village, there lived a wise old man who was known for his ability to solve any problem. One day, a young boy came to him with a puzzle. "Sir," he said, "I have a box with two compartments. One is red and the other is blue. I put a marble in one of them, but I forgot which one. How can I find out?"The old man thought for a moment and then said, "This is not a difficult problem. You can simply take a marble from the red compartment. If you find a marble there, then the other one must be in the blue compartment. If you don't, then the marble is in the blue compartment."The boy was amazed. "How did you know that?" he asked.The old man smiled and said, "Life is full of choices, and sometimes the answer is right in front of you. You just need to have the courage to make a decision."Now, let's fill in the blanks with the appropriate words:11. The boy came to the old man with a ________.A. questionB. answerC. solutionD. problem12. The old man said the problem was not ________.A. simpleB. difficultC. complexD. easy13. The old man suggested taking a marble from the ________ compartment.A. redB. blueC. emptyD. full14. If the boy finds a marble in the red compartment, then the other marble must be in the ________ compartment.A. redB. blueC. greenD. yellow15. The old man's advice was that sometimes the answer is ________ to you.A. farB. nearC. behindD. ahead答案：11. D12. B13.。

1、Which of the following is NOT a type of conditional sentence in English grammar?A. Zero conditionalB. First conditionalC. Second conditionalD. Absolute conditional (答案：D)2、In academic writing, which verb tense is typically used to describe actions or states that are generally true or always happening?A. Present simpleB. Past simpleC. Present continuousD. Future perfect (答案：A)3、Which phrase is used to express contrast between two ideas in a sentence?A. In spite ofB. Because ofC. Due toD. As a result of (答案：A)4、What is the purpose of a thesis statement in a research paper?A. To summarize the entire paperB. To provide background informationC. To state the main argument or point of the paperD. To list the sources used in the paper (答案：C)5、Which of the following is an example of a transitive verb?A. SleepB. ArriveC. WriteD. Laugh (答案：C)6、In a formal email, which of the following greetings is appropriate?A. Hey there!B. Hi,C. Dear [Recipient's Name],D. Yo! (答案：C)7、Which pronoun is used to refer to a non-specific person or thing, often used in general statements?A. OneB. TheyC. ItD. You (答案：A)8、Which of the following is a common mistake in sentence structure known as a "dangling modifier"?A. Walking to the park, the flowers were beautiful.B. After finishing her homework, she watched a movie.C. Seen from the top of the mountain, the view was breathtaking.D. Driving carefully, the car reached its destination. (答案：A)。