初中英语八大时态结构及用法
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初中英语八大时态结构及用法
时态无疑是初中英语最重要的语法内容,学好时态基本就拿下了语法的半壁江山。
英语八大时态:
一、一般现在时
标志:动词原形
1. 表示经常性或习惯性动作,常与表频度的时间状语连用:
She often speaks English.
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2. 表示现在的状态、特征、职业、能力、感觉等:
He seems to feel a bit down today.
He works as a driver.
3. 表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中:
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
Columbus proved that the earth is round.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
4. 表示现在瞬间的动作:
Here comes the bus!
5. 表示将来:
1)表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的趋向动词),可以与表示未来的时间状语搭配使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况。如:
The next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.
How often does the shuttle bus run?
2)在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情:When Bill comes(不用will come)ask him to wait for me.
I shall go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy.
二、一般过去时
标志:动词过去式
闭音节:元音字母a, e, i, o, u如果发字母本来的音则称为开音节,否则称为闭音节。
1. 表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用(e.g. yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …, when …, in the past等)。如:
Jim rang you just now.
Liu Ying was in America last year.
2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,特别是used to do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去常常。如:
When I was a kid, I often played football in the street.
She used to visit her mother once a week.
注意区分sb. used to do sth.(某人过去常常做某事,此处to是动词不定式标志符号)和sb. be used to sth./doing sth.(某人习惯于某物/做
某事,此处to是介词)。
3. 代替一般现在时,表示一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。此用法仅适用于少数动词(如want, hope, wonder, think, intend等)及情态动词could, would。如:
I wondered if you could have a word with me.
I hoped you could help me with my English.
Would you mind my sitting here?
4. 虚拟语气中用一般过去时表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。常用句型有:
It is time that sb. did sth. “某人该做某事了”
would rather sb. did sth. “宁愿某人做某事”
三、一般将来时
标志:will / shall + 动词原形
1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与表示将来的时间状语连用(e.g. tomorrow, next week, in the future等)。如:
We shall have a lot of rain next month.
My husband will come back in a few days.
2. 表示倾向性和习惯性:
Fish will die without water.
When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt.
3. 一般将来时的几种句式结构辨析:
1)will / shall + 动词原形
多用于表达主观愿望或必定会发生的事情(“将会如何”)
shall作助动词时一般只用于第一人称
2)be going to + 动词原形
表示即将发生或打算要做的事:
It is going to rain.
We are going to have a meeting today.
3)be to + 动词原形
表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作:
He is to visit Japan next year.
We are to discuss the report on Monday.
4)be about to + 动词原形
表示即将发生的动作,意为“马上要做某事”,后面一般不跟时间状语,如:
The plane is about to start.
Don’t worry. I am about to make a close examination on you.
四、现在进行时
标志:be + 动词的现在分词
1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作:
She is writing a letter upstairs.
Who are you waiting for?