初中英语常见构词法（精编常见单词）中学英语常见构词法派生法：由词根(stems)加前缀(prefixes)和后缀(suffixes)构成新词。
一. 前缀a-(形容词;副词)：almost, awake, aloud,alone, asleep, abroad, alive, arise,co-(共同)：co-exist, co-operate, co-operationover-(过于)：overcome, oversleep, overnightanti-(反,防)：anti-tank, anti-warre-(重复;再)：reusable, recycle, recall, rebuild, return, redesign, remarry, rewrite, retell, reopensuper-(超级,上层)：superstar, superman, supermarket, superherotele-(远程)：telephone, telegraph, telescope(望远镜)mis-(误)：mistake, misunderstand(误会)en-(使可能)：encourage, enable(使成为可能)dis-(否定)：disappear, disagree, disappoint, dishonest, dislike, discover, discouragein-/il-/im-/ir-(不;非)：inside,impolite, impolitely, impossible, imoveable, independent, independence, irregular, irresponsible, indirect, incomplete, invisible(看不见的),illogical(不合逻辑的), illegal(非法的),un-/non-(不;非)：uncomfortable, uncrowed, uneasy, unexpected, unbelievable, unknown, unusual, unusually, unuse, unuseful, unusefully, unfair, unfairness, unluck, unlucky, unluckily, unable, unhappy, unfit, non-conductor(非导体), non-sense,二. 名词后缀-er(…者)：customer, leader, manager, officer, partner, ruler, stranger, climber, keeper, maker, owner, banker, reporter, teenager, winner, foreigner, thinker, swimmer, traveller, worker, teacher, reader, listener, speaker, cleaner, helper, waiter, player, singer, dancer, driver, writer, runner, beginner, passenger, lover, skier, murderer, learner, printer, researcher, Londoner, New Yorker -or(器具;…者)：actor, competitor, visitor, professor, doctor, director, collector, instructor(教员)备注一：通常加“-er/-or ”多为“男性”,加“-ess”多为“女性”waiter男招待, waitress女服务员, actor男演员, actress女演员, lawyer律师, lawyeress女律师, prince王子, princess 公主备注二：从主动,被动上来看,加“-er\-or”为主动,加“-ee ”为被动examiner 主考人,监考员 examinee 参加考试者,受试人(被监考者) employer 雇主(雇佣别人) employee雇员(被雇佣)interviewer会见者 interviewee 被接见者,被访问者-ese(…地方的人)：Chinese, Japanese-ian(精通…的人;…地方的人)：musician, magician, historian, physician, technician-ist(专业人员)：artist, pianist, tourist, terrorist, physicist, scientist, socialist, journalist(新闻记者), dentist, instrumentalist -ment(性质;状态)：government, instrument, achievement, amusement, excitement, improvement, movement, argument, development, agreement-ion：discussion, expression, decision-dom(…范围)：freedom, kingdom-ness(性质;状态)：business, happiness, shyness, illness, kindness, carelessness, sickness, fairness, unfairness, godness, hardness, forgetfulness, darkness-ship：friendship, relationship, leadership, hardship(困苦)-tion(动作;过程;结果)：pollution, suggestion, invention, action, examination, graduation, pronunciation, communication, competition, conversation, satisfaction, education, organization, location, protection, relation, preparation, resolution, collection, operation, impression-hood(…关系,…状况)：childhood, neighborhood, brotherhood, sisterhood-th(某种状况或性质)：growth, warmth, truth, death, health, length, strength-ty(…性)：safety, activity-ce(…性)：importance, difference, confidence, dependence, independence, silence, performance-boy, -girl, -man, -woman(表示人的词来构词)：cowboy牛仔, playboy花花公子, salesgirl女店员, salesperson 推销员, workman产业工人, postman邮递员, workwomen劳动妇女三. 形容词后缀-t：important, different, confident, dependent, independent, silent-al：international, educational, national, historical, medical, musical, professional, social, typical, normal, personal, physical, traditional, accidental, central, environmental, general -an：American, European, Canadian, Italian, Australian, Indian-ern：southern, northern, eastern, western, modern-ful：helpful, harmful, painful, thankful, peaceful, successful, truthful, awful, cheerful, grateful, useful, careful, wonderful, forgetful, hopeful, colorful, beautiful-ary：secondary, imaginary-able/ible：reasonable, horrible, believable, unbelievable, mobile, valuable, disable, available, comfortable, terrible,possible, impossible, enjoyable, moveable, imoveable, workable, countable, uncountable, eatable-ish：foolish, childish, swedish(瑞典的), British, English-ive：active, creative, native, expensive-y：windy, sunny, cloudy, rainy, wealthy, dirty, sleepy, healthy, hairy, icy, noisy, foggy-less：careless, homeless, meaningless, useless, colorless, helpless, hopeless, motherless-ous：serious, humorous, famous, dangerous, courageous, continuous-tic：scientific, fantastic-en：wooden, fallen, golden-ing(修饰物)：interesting, exciting, boring, tiring, surprising -ed(修饰人)：interested, excited, bored, tired, surprised四. 动词、副词和数词后缀-fy(使…化)：simplify, beautify, satisfy, electrify-en(使…变得)：strengthen, lengthen, widen, fatten, blacken, thicken, quicken, harden, soften, weaken-ize(使…成为)：realize (实现), modernize, organize-ly(方式;程度)：freely, exactly, lastly, normally, politely, impolitely, wisely, actually, specially, especially, heavily, mostly, recently, simply, suddenly, beautifully, cheaply, clearly, comfortably, finally, loudly, probably, quietly, quickly, seriously, weekly, badly, terribly, perfectly, truly, angrily, carefully, hardly, completely, slowly, kindly, nearly, really, usually, happily, easily -ward(s)(方向)：towards, backward, eastward, forward-teen(十)：fourteen, fifteen, eighteen-ty(整十位数)：twenty, forty, thirty-th(序数词)：twelfth, fifth, eighth, ninth, twentieth五. 截短法:单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变的英语构词法称为截短法,主要有截头,去尾,截头去尾等形式。
