【英语】虚拟语气知识点总结和题型总结
- 格式:doc
- 大小:83.00 KB
- 文档页数:15
英语语法虚拟语气的知识点归纳一、虚拟条件句(一)含有if条件句的主从句的虚拟语气总结:1. If 条件句中谓语动词的虚拟结构是在原来陈述语气所用时态的基础上倒退一个时态(对将来虚拟的were to do/should do例外)2. 主句要借助于情态动词的过去式,后跟动词原形(现在或将来)或have done(过去);if条件句中只出现一个情态动词,即对将来虚拟的should.3.做此类题目时一定要分清是从句还是主句谓语动词的虚拟,还要把握好时态。
注意:1. 在虚拟条件从句中,动词“be”的过去时态一律用”were”,不用was。
2. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词中任何一个,可省略if,把这三个词提到主语之前, 变成:were/should/had +主语+剩余成分。
3.在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。
如我们可说Were I not to do., 而不能说Weren‘t I to do。
4.在表示与将来事实相反的条件句中,只能用should,而不能用would,could和might 等。
5.主句中的should通常用于第一人称,would,could以及might 可以用于各种人称eg :①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
在虚拟条件句中,对于与将来事实相反的情形,请注意以下几点:(1)条件从句表示的内容与将来事实相反,实为对将来情况的推测,用过去时表示虚拟;(2)条件从句谓语除用过去式外,有时也用“should+动词原形(表示可能性极小,常译为“万一”)”或“were to+动词原形(表示与将来事实相反的假设)”;(3)条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语形式时,主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式外,也可用直陈语气或祈使语气。
(完整版)英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结英语中的虚拟语气是一种表示非事实或想象的语气,用来表达对现实情况的猜测、愿望、要求、建议、命令和反讽等。
虚拟语气主要通过动词的形式和句子的结构来表达。
一、虚拟语气的用法:1.表达建议、要求、命令、禁止:- 主语+动词原形+宾语(动词原形要用动词底形、如be);- 主语+动词原形+that从句(用于表达建议、命令、禁止,动词原形用“should + 动词原形”或用情态动词)。
例句:- It is important that he be present at the meeting.(建议)- I suggest that he should go to the doctor.(建议)- They insisted that he leave the room immediately.(命令)2.表达愿望、请求、要求:-主语+动词过去式;- 主语+would/could/might + 动词原形;- 主语+动词过去式+宾语+should + 动词原形。
例句:- I wish I could fly.(愿望)- I would appreciate it if you could help me.(请求)3.表示虚拟条件:- If条件从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时,主句用would/should/might/could + have + 过去分词;- If条件从句中的谓语动词用过去时,主句用would/should/could + 动词原形。
例句:- If I had known his phone number, I would have called him.(虚拟条件)- If you had listened to me, we could have finished the project earlier.(虚拟条件)4.表达建议、要求、祝愿:- If only内部称述 + 主语 + 过去式。
虚拟语气英语知识点总结一、虚拟语气的概念。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测或建议等。
二、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。
1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。
- 结构:从句(If + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)),主句(主语+ would/should/could/might+动词原形)。
- 例如:If I were you, I would study harder.(如果我是你,我会更努力学习。
实际上我不是你)2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
- 结构:从句(If+主语+had+过去分词),主句(主语+would/should/could/might + have+过去分词)。
- 例如:If he had taken my advice, he would have passed the exam.(如果他听了我的建议,他就会通过考试了。
实际上他没听建议,也没通过考试)3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。
- 结构:从句(If+主语+动词的过去式/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形),主句(主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形)。
- 例如:If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就会待在家里。
明天是否下雨还不确定,但这是一种假设情况)- 或者If he should come tomorrow, I would tell him the news.(如果他明天来,我就会告诉他这个消息)- 以及If I were to see her tomorrow, I would give her the book.(如果我明天见到她,我就会把书给她)三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。
1. wish后的宾语从句。
- 表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)。
虚拟语气:表示说的话不是事实,不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况,表达一种愿望、建议、假设。
一、条件状语从句中的用法简单记法:if were/did, would doif had done, would have doneif were to do/should do, would do举例:If I were you, I would do nothing about it.If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake.If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低),they wouldn’t go shopping.附注:虚拟语气,条件状从倒装状语从句中,去掉if, 提前were/ had/ should如:If I were you, I would give up.→Were I you, I would give upIf you had taken the advice, you would have….→Had you taken the advice, you would have…If the world should come to an end,……→Should the world come to an end……另外,without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中,也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today.(popularization 普及,publicity 宣传)Without your help, I would have failed.We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat. (表示可能性小)但其实,高中英语考试也常考:错综虚拟语气条件句即:假设条件状从发生的时间与所假设的谓语动词不一致,此时,主句和从句要根据各自的时间而定。
英语虚拟语气知识点(经典版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如演讲稿、总结报告、合同协议、方案大全、工作计划、学习计划、条据书信、致辞讲话、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as speech drafts, summary reports, contract agreements, project plans, work plans, study plans, letter letters, speeches, teaching materials, essays, other sample essays, etc. Want to know the format and writing of different sample essays, so stay tuned!英语虚拟语气知识点虚拟语气一般指说话人的主观愿望或假想,是与客观存在相反的事实,或在现实中无法成真的事情或情形。
高中英语虚拟语气知识点总结精华(名师总结必考语法知识点)第一节语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。
不同的语气用动词的不同形式(有的还借助句法形式)来表示。
第二节虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中);一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
它能实现下列交际功能:a.用来表达一个假设或纯粹的意愿(这种假设或意愿在多数情况下是与事实相反或不太可能实现的。
b. 经常用来缓和语气,使之更加委婉、礼貌、得体,使句子带有推测性和尝试性。
c. 表示烦恼、不耐烦等情绪。
d. 表示适度的责备或批评。
e. 表示美好的祝愿或祝福。
学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类:条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。
真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。
如:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I wi ll go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨,我就去野餐。
Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里,油就浮起来。
虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。
第三节虚拟语气在条件句中NOTE:使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点:1.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为:错综时间条件句“,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整.If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.如果你听我的建议,你现在就会痊愈了.2.在条件句中,可省略if,把were ,had, should 提到句首,变为倒装句式.(后面详细讲解)If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should (would, might,could)+动词原形。
虚拟语气简介虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气,表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时,也用虚拟语气。
即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法,愿望,假想,猜测,怀疑或建议,而不是根据客观实际,就用虚拟语气。
①错综时间条件句:当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为错综时间条件句,动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。
如:If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.②if省略句在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首,变成倒装句式。
如:If I were at school again, I would study harder.→Were I at school again, I would study harder.如果我还有上学的机会,我会更加努力学习。
If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.→Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.如果你来得早点,你就能赶上公共汽车。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.→Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的话,我们就不能登山去了。
英语《虚拟语气》语法知识总结归纳虚拟语气(Subjunctive mood)是英语中一种特殊的语气形式,用于表示说话人的假设、愿望、建议、要求、命令等非真实情况。
虚拟语气在句子中通常与动词的调整和语法结构上的变化相关。
以下是对虚拟语气的语法知识的总结归纳:1.条件句中的虚拟语气:1.1 条件句中表示对现在的假设:使用虚拟语气的一般公式是:if + 主语 + 过去式,主句使用would/could/should/might + 动词原形。
例如:- If I were you, I would go to the meeting.(如果我是你,我会去开会。
)注意,这里的"were"是一个特殊的虚拟语气形式,用于所有人称和数。
- If she had studied harder, she might have passed the exam.(如果她努力学习,她可能会通过考试。
)1.2 条件句中表示对过去的假设:使用虚拟语气的一般公式是:if + 主语 + 过去完成时,主句使用would/could/should/might + have + 过去分词。
例如:- If I had known it, I would have told you.(如果我知道了,我会告诉你的。
)- If she had arrived earlier, she might have caught the bus.(如果她早点到,她可能会赶上公共汽车。
)2.虚拟条件句中的特殊情况:2.1 在虚拟条件句中表示命令、建议时,主句中的动词可以使用动词原形(而不是would/could/should/might + 动词原形)。
例如:- If you have any questions, please let me know.(如果你有任何问题,请告诉我。
)- If I were you, I would take a break.(如果我是你,我会休息一下。
虚拟语气知识点总结
虚拟语气知识点总结
虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气的规则用法:
1主、从句都表示与过去事实相反:
从句的.谓语动词用:had + 动词过去分词;
主句的谓语动词用:情态动词 + have + 动词过去分词。
注意:能用于虚拟语气的情态动词只有四个:should, could, would, might.
使用哪一个情态动词要由句子含义决定,考试中出现最多的是could, would.
2 主、从句都表示与现在事实相反:
从句的谓语动词用:动词过去式(如果是be则只能用were)
主句的谓语动词用:情态动词 + 动词原形。
3 主、从句都表示与将来事实相反:
从句的谓语动词用:were to + 动词原形(重点)、should + 动词原形、动词过去式;
主句的谓语动词用:情态动词 + 动词原形。
二、虚拟语气的特殊应用:
1 would rather + 句子,这时句子谓语动词用一般过去时来体现虚拟语气。
2 if only 如果,要是...就好了,if only + 句子,这时句子一定要用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气:表示说的话不是事实,表示说的话不是事实,不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况,不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况,不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况,表达一种愿望、表达一种愿望、表达一种愿望、建建议、假设。
议、假设。
一、条件状语从句中的用法一、条件状语从句中的用法从句 谓语形式谓语形式主句 谓语形式谓语形式现在现在were/ didwould/could/should (+not) + do 过去过去 had donewould/could/should/might (not)+ have done将来将来1. were/did2. should do3. were to dowould/could/should/might (not) + do简单记法:简单记法:if were/did, would doif had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do举例:举例:If I were you, I would do nothing about it.If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低),they wouldn’t go shopping.附注:附注:虚拟语气,条件状从倒装虚拟语气,条件状从倒装状语从句中,去掉if, 提前were/ had/ should 如:If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give upIf you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world should come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end……另外,without, but for, otherwise 构成的条件状语从句中,也有含蓄的虚拟语气构成的条件状语从句中,也有含蓄的虚拟语气 But for the populariza on of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (populariza on 普及,publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed.We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat. (表示可能性小)(表示可能性小)但其实,高中英语考试也常考:但其实,高中英语考试也常考:错综虚拟语气条件句错综虚拟语气条件句 即:即:假设条件状从发生的时间与所假设的谓语动词不一致,此时,主句和从句要根据各自的时间而定。
英语虚拟语气知识点总结一、虚拟语气的概念:虚拟语气,是指表示说话者所说的情况并非现实或已经发生,或在说话时还不确定是否实现的一种语态。
其特点是句子中的动词形式属于虚拟语气。
二、虚拟语气的表达:1. 条件虚拟语气:表示与现在或未来事实相反的虚拟情况。
(1)主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时。
If I had known the truth, I would not have believed him.(如果我知道了真相,我就不会相信他了。
)(2)主句用过去式,从句用“had+过去分词”。
If he had worked harder, he would have passed the exam.(如果他更加努力学习的话,他就能够通过这个考试。
)2. 虚拟假设语气:表示想像中与现在或将来相反的事情。
(1)主句用过去时,从句用过去式。
If I knew his address, I would go there and see him now.(如果我知道他的地址的话,我现在就会去找他了。
)(2)主句用were,表示与过去的虚拟情况相反。
If I were you, I would study hard.(如果我是你的话,我会好好学习。
)3. 祝愿虚拟语气:表示转化为现实的愿望。
(1)主句用过去式,从句用过去完成式。
I wish I had known him earlier.(我希望我更早认识他。
)(2)主句用过去式,从句用would / could +动词原形。
I wish he could help me with my English.(我希望他能够帮助我学习英语。
)4. 建议虚拟语气:表示对假设的结果的建议。
If I were you, I would work harder.(如果我是你的话,我会更加努力工作。
)5. 明确表示否定的虚拟语气:If they didn’t arrive on time, they would miss the plane.(如果他们没按时到达,他们将会错过飞机。
虚拟语气一、考点聚焦1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。
如:If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.(2)表示与过去的事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时,主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。
如:If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.(3)表示与将来事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形,而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。
如;If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.(4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。
如:If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在)Were I a boy, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。
虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反,或不可能发生的情况。
一.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生:条件状语从句:一般过去时(虚拟语气中be→were)主句用:would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
Eg:If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生:条件状语从句:had+过去分词;主句:would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。
Eg:If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生:条件状语从句:①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形;主句:would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
Eg:If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.注:虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1)混合/错综型虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为‘错综条件句’,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
Eg:If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去,主句是现在)Eg:If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在,主句是过去)(2)省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时,则可以把这三个词置于句首,省略if.采用倒装语序。
【英语】虚拟语气知识点总结和题型总结经典一、初中英语虚拟语气1.----What can I do with so much money?----If I _______ you, I _______ give it away to charity.A.am, will B.am, would C.were, would D.was, would【答案】C【解析】试题分析:考查虚拟语气。
句意你如何处理这些钱?如果我是你,我会把它捐给慈善机构。
表示对现在的虚拟,if引导的从句用一般过去时,语句用would do ,故选C项。
考点:考查虚拟语气。
【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:如果天气是好的,我们的运动会就不会推迟了。
这里是虚拟语气,根据wouldn’t可知这是对现在的虚拟,在条件状语中对现在的虚拟用were;put down 镇压,记下;put up提供; put off推迟。
根据句意故选D。
考点:考查虚拟语气的用法。
2.The air pollution is worse and worse. The government suggests that people ____ to work by subway or by bus.A.go B.goes C.going D.to go【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:空气污染越来越糟糕。
政府建议人们乘地铁或者乘公交车去上班。
考查谓语动词。
A. go 去;B. goes 去;C. going 在去;D. to go 为了去。
这是一个that引导的宾语从句,suggest后跟的宾语从句应用虚拟语气(should)do结构,should可省略。
故选A。
3.If I you, I give it to Microsoft research.A.am, will B.am, would C.were, would D.was, would【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意:如果我是你,我会把它交给微软研究部。
英语虚拟语气知识点总结英语虚拟语气知识11、基础用法2. 注意四个情态动词的用法(1)若表示在某一假设的条件下,必然而然就会发生某事,第一人称可用should或would, 而二、三人称只用would.(2)若表示在某一假设条件下就能够干某事,各人称都用could.(3)如果表示在某种假设条件下有可能会发生某事,各人称都用might.3.虚拟语气的倒装当虚拟条件句中含有 were,had,should,could等动词时,可以将if省略,然后将 were,had,should,could等词移至句首。
注意:以上移至句首的 had不一定是助动词,如果是实义动词也可倒装:If he had money,he would buy a car. Hadhe money,hewould buy a car.(1)从句与过去事实相反相成,而主句与现在事实相反。
例如:If you had not been strict withme when I was young, I could not be such a successful person now.(这种虚拟语气的特点是主句中常含有时间准状语now或nowadays)(2)Should anyone come and ask for me, tell them I willcome back tomorrow.(主句为祈使句,条件句与将来事实相反,表示说话人认为某件事情发生的可能性很小。
)5.含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。
这类用法主要见于以下七种方式:(1)将条件隐含在不定式短语中。
I should be happyto go with you. (=I should be happy if I could go with you.)(2)将条件隐含在分词短语中。
Born in bettertimes, he would have been a scholar. (=If he had been born in better times, he…)(3)将条件隐含在介词短语中。
虚拟语气知识点总结
1、虚拟语气
虚拟语气是指一种表示假设或愿望的语法结构,它把一个不可能发生或不真实的情景描绘成一种可能性或假如的句子。
它的主要用途是表达某种假想或期望。
2、虚拟语气的形式
虚拟语气有三种形式:(1) should + 动词原形; (2) were + 动词原形; (3) had + 过去分词。
3、虚拟语气的用法
(1) should + 动词原形:表示某种一般的假设或期望,例如:If I had money, I should buy a car.
(2) were + 动词原形:表示与现在事实相反的假设,例如:If I were you, I wouldn't do that.
(3) had + 过去分词:表示与过去事实相反的假设,例如:If I had studied hard, I wouldn't have failed the exam.
4、虚拟语气与实际语气的区别
(1) 语序不同:实际语气是实意句,主谓宾语序;虚拟语气为条件句,句首常有if等连词,主谓的语序通常由主语部分在句首构成条件状语。
(2) 谓语动词形式不同:实际语气谓语动词用一般时,虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。
(3) 意义不同:实际语气表示真实发生的事实,虚拟语气表示假
设或期望。
【关键字】知识初中英语知识点总结:虚拟语气虚拟,在汉语中表示一种假设的,不存在的情况,同样,英语中虚拟语气是用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
在初中阶段,虚拟语气一般用于下列情况:一、条件状语从句1、与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。
如:if i were you, i would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞。
(事实上我不可能是你) if i knew her number i could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。
(事实上我不知道)2、与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反,从句:主语+had done ,主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done,例如:if i'd left sooner,i'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。
(但我动身太迟了)if i had got there earlier, i should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。
(事实:去晚了)3、与将来事实相反从句:①if+主语+were to do 主句:①主语+should/would/could/might+do②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do例如:if he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去)if he should come here tomorrow, i would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。