常用化学中英文名词对照表

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照英中对照abietic acid (松香酸)acetal(缩醛)acid anhydride(酸酐)A．Couper（古柏尔）acridine（吖啶）acronycine (山油柑碱)acidylating reaction(酰化反应)acyl group(酰基)acyl halide (酰卤)adenine（腺嘌呤）adrenal cortex hormone (肾上腺皮质激素) A.Kekule（开库勒）alanine（丙氨酸）alcoholysis(醇解)aldehyde(醛)alicyclic hydrocarbon(脂环烃)alizarin(茜草素)alizarin-type(茜素型)alkane（烷烃）alkene（烯烃）alkylation（傅-克烷基化反应）alkyne（炔烃）aloeemodin (芦荟大黄素)amines（胺类）amide(酰胺)amidino（脒基）amino acid（氨基酸）β-aminobutyric acid（β-氨基丁酸）ammonolysis(氨解)andiron formula（锯架式）andrographolide (穿心莲内酯)anisodine (樟柳碱)annulene（轮烯）anomer（异头物）anomeric effect（异头效应）anthocyanidin (花色素)anthraquinone (蒽醌)anthrol (蒽酚)anthrone (蒽酮)anthracene（蒽）antiaromaticity or antiaromatic compound（反芳香性化合物）apigenin (芹菜素)apple polyphenols (苹果多酚) aromatic compound（芳香性化合物）aromatic hydrocarbon（芳香烃）aromaticity（芳香性）aromatization（芳构化）arecoline (槟榔碱)arginine（精氨酸）aspartic acid（天冬氨酸）asymmetric carbon atom (手性碳原子) atomic orbital（原子轨道）A.Wurtz reaction（武兹反应）axial bond（直立键，a键）azulene）Baeyer（拜耳）baicalein (黄芩素)baicalin (黄芩苷)barbital(巴比妥)barbituric acid(巴比妥酸) base complementary(碱基配对) benzoimidazole（苯并咪唑）benzothiazole（苯并噻唑）benzene（苯）berberine (小檗碱)Berzelius（伯察留史）beta-pleated sheet（ -折叠）bi-anthracene nucleus (双蒽核) biological methylate（生物甲基化）biuret reaction(缩二脲反应)σbond （σ键）πbond （π键）borneol (龙脑)Braun reaction (布朗反应)bridged hydrocarbon（桥环烃）bytrepob（布特力洛夫）camphor(樟脑)cardiac glycosides(强心苷) camptothecine (喜树碱)carotene (胡萝卜素)carthamin (红花苷)carbene（卡宾;碳烯）carbohydrate（碳水化合物）carbonyl (羰基)carboxyl(羧基)carboxylic acid(羧酸)cassiamine (山扁豆双醌)catechin (儿茶素)cellobiose（纤维二糖）cellulose（纤维素）cephalin(脑磷脂)chain carbon constitution（链状碳架）chain initiation step（链引发阶段）chain propagation step（链增长阶段）chain termination step（链终止阶段）chalcone (查尔酮)charge-transfer complex（电荷转移络合物）chemical bond（化学键）chemocholic acid(鹅去氧胆酸)chirality(手性)chitin（甲壳质）chitosamine（壳糖胺）chlorophyll（叶绿素）cholalic acid (胆甾酸)cholestane (胆甾烷)cholesterol (胆甾醇)chromatography（色谱法）chrysophanol 9-anthrone (9-蒽酮大黄酚)chrysarobin (柯桠素)cinchonine（金鸡宁）cis-trans isomer（顺反异构体）cistrans isomerism（顺反异构）citral(柠檬醛)Claisen rearrangement（克莱森重排）Claisen-Schmidt reaction（克莱森－斯密特反应）cocaine (古柯碱)codonopsine (党参碱)concerted reaction（协同反应）condensed nuclei hydrocarbon（稠环烃）conformation（构象）conformational isomerism（构象异构）coniine (毒芹碱)conjugated diene（共轭二烯烃）conjugation system (共轭体系)conjugative effect（共轭效应）conservation of orbital symmetry（分子轨道对称性守恒理论）constitutional isomerism (构造异构)coprostane (粪甾烷)cortisone (可的松)crown ether（冠醚）cumulative diene（聚集二烯烃）curcumenol (莪术醇)cyanidin (矢车菊素)cyclic carbon constitution（环状碳架）cycloaddition recation（环加成反应）cycloalkane (脂环烃)cyclodextrin（环糊精）cysteine（半胱氨酸）daidzein (大豆黄素)Darzens reaction(达尔森反应) decarboxylation(脱羧反应) delocaization(离域)delocalization energy(离域能) delocalized electron（离域电子）delocalized energy(离域能)delphinidin(飞燕草素)denature（变性）deoxyribonucleic acid(脱氧核糖核酸) derivative of carboxylic acid (羧酸衍生物) diastereoisomer（非对映体）diazotization reaction（重氮化反应）diazonium salt（重氮盐）diborane（乙硼烷）dichlorocarbene（二氯卡宾）β-dichroine (β-常山碱)Diels—Alder reaction（狄尔斯—阿尔德反应）diene（双烯体，二烯烃）dienophile（亲双烯体）dihydrochalcone (二氢查尔酮) β—dihydrotheelin (β—雌二醇)distillation（蒸馏法）diterpenoids (二萜类)effective atomic number（有效原子序数）E.J.Cory—H.House reaction（科瑞—郝思反应）electric field scan（电场扫描）18-electron rule（18电子规则）electromeric effect（电性效应）electrophilic addition（亲电加成反应）electrophilic substitution（亲电取代）electrophile（亲电性试剂）elimination reaction（消除反应）Emde degradation (埃姆德降解)1-emetine(1-吐根碱)emodin-type (大黄素型)enantiomerism（对映异构）enantiomer(对映体)end－group effect（端基效应）entgegen（E,相反之意）energy of activation（活化能）enzyme（酶）ephedrine (麻黄碱)epicatechin (表儿茶素)epicatechin gallate(表儿茶素没食子酸酯) epigallocatechin (表没食子儿茶素)epigallocatechin gallate (表没食子儿茶素，没食子酸酯) epimer(差向异构体)epoxidation（环氧化反应）equatorial bond(平伏键，e键)ergometrine(麦角新碱)ergostenol (麦角甾醇)essential amino acid（必需氨基酸）essential fatty acid(必需脂肪酸)ester(酯)esterification(酯化反应)extraction（萃取法）farnesol (金合欢醇)fatty acid(脂肪酸)Fischer projection formula(费歇尔投影式)flavanol (黄烷醇)flavanone (二氢黄酮)flavanonol (二氢黄酮醇)flavonoid (黄酮)flavonol (黄酮醇)formalin(福尔马林)free radical （自由基）free radical chain reaction （自由基链反应） Freon （氟利昂）Friedel-Crafts reaction （傅瑞德尔－克拉夫兹反应） reagent ( 试剂 )frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)fructose （果糖）fucose （海藻糖）furan （呋喃）fused ring carbon constitution （稠环碳架） F.Wohler （武勒）Gabreil reaction （盖布瑞尔合成法）galactose （半乳糖） ..Frohde ..Frohdegallocatechin (没食子儿茶素)gallocatechin gallate (没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯) Gattermann-Koch reaction（盖特曼－科希反应）geometricalisomer（几何异构体）germacrone (杜鹃酮)glucose（葡萄糖）glutamic acid（谷氨酸）glutamine（谷酰胺）glycerol（甘油）glycocholic acid (甘氨胆酸)glycogen（糖原）glycoside（糖苷）glycyrrhizic acid (甘草酸)glycyrrhetinicacid (甘草次酸)Gmelin（哥美林）green tea polyphenols(绿茶多酚)Grignard Reaction（格氏反应）Grignard Reagent（格林那试剂，格氏试剂）G.Schiemann reaction（希曼反应）guaiazulene (愈创木奥)guanidine(胍)guanidino (胍基)guanine（鸟嘌呤）guanyl (脒基)haloform（卤仿）halogenation（卤代反应）halogenation reaction（卤化反应）Haworth（哈沃斯）heat of hydrogenation（氢化热）heat of reaction（反应热）hemiacetal(半缩醛)hesperetin (橙皮素)Hinsberg reaction（兴斯堡反应）histidine（组氨酸）H.Kolbe（科尔贝）Hoffmann degradation（霍夫曼降解反应）Hoffmann elimination（霍夫曼消除）Hoffmann exhaustive methylation（霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应）HOMO(Highest Occupied Molecnlar Orbital，最高被占用分子轨道) homolog（同系物）homologous series（同系列）hormone (激素)Hückel rule（休克尔规则）hybrid orbital（杂化轨道）hydroboration（硼氢化反应）hydrocortisone (氢化可的松) hydrogen bond（氢键）hydrolysis(水解)hyoscyamine (莨菪碱) hyperconjugation effect（超共轭效应）imidazole（咪唑）inclusion compound（包含物）indole（吲哚）inductive effect（诱导效应）infrared spectroscopy（红外光谱）insulin（胰岛素）invert sugar（转化糖）iodine number(碘值)tectoridin (鸢尾苷)isoelectric point（PI,等电点）isoflavanone (二氢异黄酮)isoflavone (异黄酮)isolated diene（隔离二烯烃）isoleucine（异亮氨酸）isoliquiritigenin (异甘草素)isomer（同分异构体）isoquinoline（异喹啉）isorhamnetin (异鼠李素) isorhynchophylline (异钩藤碱)isothiazole（异噻唑）isoxazole（异噁唑）Jones reagent（琼斯试剂）ketal(缩酮)ketone(酮)K.fries rearrangement（傅瑞斯重排）K.Fukui (福井谦一)Knoevenagel reaction（克脑文盖尔反应）Kolbe-Schmidt reaction（柯尔柏-施密特反应）Kutchcrov reaction（库切洛夫反应）lactose（乳糖）lecithin(卵磷脂)leptosidin (莱普西汀)leucine（亮氨酸）leucocyanidin (无色矢车菊素)limonene (苧烯)Lindlar（林德拉）liquiritin (甘草苷)lithium methide（甲基锂）lobeline (山梗菜碱)Lucas reagent（卢卡斯试剂）LUMO(Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital)最低空余分子轨道lupinine (羽扇豆碱)lycopene (番茄红素)lycopodine (石松碱)lysine（赖氨酸）maackiain (高丽槐素)Macquis reagent (Macquis试剂)macrophylline (大叶千里光碱)magnesium acetate reaction (醋酸镁反应)magnetic field scan（磁场扫描）malonyl urea(丙二酰脲)maltose（麦芽糖）Mannich reaction（满尼希反应）mannose（甘露糖）mass spectroscopy（质谱）matrine (苦参碱)M. Besthelot（佰赛儒）Mclafferty（麦可拉费蒂重排）(-)-melacacidin [(-)黑金合欢素]menthol(薄荷醇)（±）-menthol [（±）-薄荷醇] menthone (薄荷酮)mesomer （内消旋体）methionine（蛋氨酸）methylporgestin (甲孕酮)provera(甲孕酮)methyltestosterone (甲基睾丸素) molecular orbital（分子轨道）molecular orbital theory（分子轨道理论）monoanthracene nucleus (单蒽核) monocrotaline (一野百合碱)monomer(单体)monoterpenoids (单萜) monosaccharide（单糖）morphine (吗啡)mutarotation（变旋光现象）naphthalene（萘）narcotine (那可汀)natrium amalgam reaction (钠汞齐反应) （±）-neomenthol [（±）-新薄荷醇] nerol (橙花醇)Newman projection（纽曼投影式）Newman projection formula(纽曼投影式)Nicol prism(尼科尔棱镜)nicotine (烟碱)ninhydrin(茚三酮)nitration（硝化反应）nitro compound（硝基化合物）nonaromatic compound（非芳香性化合物）nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon（非苯芳烃）nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy（核磁共振谱）nucleic acid(核酸)nucleophilic addition(亲核加成反应）nucleophilic reagent（亲核试剂）nucleoside(核苷)nucleotide(核苷酸)ocimene (罗勒烯)oligosaccharide（寡糖）frontier orbital (前线轨道理论）Oppenaner oxidizing reaction（欧芬脑尔氧化）optical isomer (旋光异构体)optical rotation instrument(旋光仪)organometallic compound（有机金属化合物）organometallics （金属有机化合物）orientation rule （定位规则）oxanthranol (氧化蒽酚)oxazole （噁唑）oxidation number （氧化值）oxidation state （氧化态）盐） oxonium salt oxymatrine (氧化苦参碱)palmatine (巴马汀)papaverine (罂粟碱)paraffin （烷烃）pelargonidin(天竺葵素)peptide （肽）peptide bond （肽键）peptide linkage(肽键)pericyclic reaction （周环反应）Perkin reaction (柏金反应)permeation （透析法）peroxide (过氧化物)peroxide effect (过氧化物效应)phellamurin (黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷) phenanthrene （菲）phenylalanine （苯丙氨酸）phosphorus ylide（膦叶立德）phylloxanthin (叶黄素)physostigmine (毒扁豆碱)pinacol（频哪醇）pinene (蒎烯)piperine (胡椒碱)plane polarized light (平面偏振光) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（多环芳烃）polymer（聚合物）polynuclear aromatic compound（稠环芳烃）polypeptide（多肽）polyreaction（聚合反应）polysaccharide（多糖）polytetrafluroethyleney（泰氟隆）unsaturated fatty acid(不饱和脂肪酸) precipitation（沉淀法）primary structure（一级结构）proanthocyanidin (原花色素) progesterone (黄体酮)protein（蛋白质）pseudoephedrine (伪麻黄碱)pteridine（蝶啶）purine（嘌呤）pyran（吡喃）pyrazine（吡嗪）pyrazole（吡唑）pyridazine（哒嗪）pyridine（吡啶）pyrimidine（嘧啶）pyrrole（吡咯）quaternary structure（四级结构）quercetin (槲皮素)quinine (奎宁)quinoline（喹啉）quinones（醌）racemic mixture(外消旋体)racemization（外消旋化）rancidity(酸败)Raney Ni（兰尼镍）reaction mechanism（反应历程）Reimer-Tiemann reaction（瑞穆尔－蒂曼反应）reserpine (利血平)residue（残基）resonance energy（共振能）resonance hybrid（共振杂化体）resonance theory（共振论）resonating structure（共振结构式）resveratrol (白藜芦醇)R.B.Woodward（伍德沃德）rhein (大黄酸)R.Hoffmann (霍夫曼)rhynchophylline (钩藤碱)ribonucleic acid(核糖核酸)ribose（核糖）rotation (旋光度)rutin (芦丁)saccharide（糖类）Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction（桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应）Sandmeyer reaction（桑得迈尔反应）saponification(皂化)saponification number(皂化值)Sarrett reagent（沙瑞特试剂）Sawhares projection（萨哈斯投影式）sawhorse projection formula(锯架式)Schiff’s base(西佛碱)secondary structure（二级结构）securinine (一叶萩碱)sennoside A、B、C、D (番泻苷A、B、C、D) serine（丝氨酸）sesquiterpenoids (倍半萜)sigmatropic reaction（σ键迁移反应）silane（硅烷）single bond(单键)sinoacutine (清风藤碱)β—sitosterol (β—谷甾醇)skyrin (天精,醌茜素)S N(Nucleophilic substitution)（亲核取代）S N1（单分子亲核取代反应）S N2 （双分子亲核取代反sodium borohydride reaction (四氢硼钠反应) sparteine (金雀花碱)specific rotation (比旋光度)sphingomyelin(鞘磷脂)spiro hydrocarbon（螺环烃）squalene (鲨烯)stachydrine (水苏碱)starch（淀粉）stereochemistry (立体化学)stereoisomer（立体异构）stereocpecificity (立体专一性)steroidal compound (甾体化合物)Stevens rearrangement（史蒂文斯重排）stigmastane (豆甾烷)strychnine (士的宁)sucrose（蔗糖）sulfonation（磺化反应）systematic nomenclature（系统命名法）taurocholic acid (牛磺胆酸)tautomer（互变异构体）tautomerism（互变异构现象）taxifolin (黄杉素)tea polyphenols（茶多酚）Teflon （泰氟隆）terpenoid (萜类化合物)tertiary structure（三级结构）testosterone (睾丸素)tetrahydropalmatine (延胡索乙素, 四氢巴马汀) tetramethyl silane（四甲基硅烷）tetraterpenoid（四萜类）thiazole（噻唑）thiophene（噻吩）threonine（苏氨酸）torsional energy（扭转能）torsional strain（扭转张力）transition sate（过渡态）triglyceride(甘油三酯)trimethyl aluminium（三甲基铝）triptolide (雷公藤甲素)triterpenoid(三萜类)tryptophan（色氨酸）tylophorinine (娃儿藤定碱)tyrosine（酪氨酸）uridine(尿嘧啶)urea(脲)urotropine（乌洛托品）valence bond method（价键学说）valine（缬氨酸）visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy（可见－紫外光谱）vitamin A(维生素A)vitamin B12（维生素B12）Wilkinson (威尔克森)Williamson synthesis（威廉森合成法）Wittig reaction（维蒂希反应）zingiberene (姜烯)Zusammen（Z，德文，在一起之意）中英对照1 A1A 反应历程(1A1Areaction mechanism )吖啶（acridine）埃姆德降解(Emde degradation)安息香缩合反应（benzoic condensation reaction）氨基酸（amino acid）β-氨基丁酸（β-aminobutyric acid）氨解(ammonolysis)胺（amines）azulene）2 BAC 反应历程(2BACreaction mechanism )巴比妥(barbital)巴马汀(palmatine)白藜芦醇(resveratrol)拜耳（Baeyer）佰赛儒（M. Besthelot）半缩醛(semiacetal )半胱氨酸（cysteine）半乳糖（galactose）包含物（inclusion compound）苯丙氨酸（phenylalanine）苯（benzene）苯甲酸(benzoic acid)苯二甲酸(benzene dicarboxylic acid)苯并咪唑（benzimidazole）苯并噻唑（benzothiazole）倍半萜(sesquiterpenoid)比旋光度(specific rotation)必需氨基酸（essential amino acid）变性（denature）变旋光现象（mutarotation）表儿茶素(epicatechin)表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate)表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin)表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate) 表面活性剂(surface active agent )槟榔碱(arecoline)丙氨酸（alanine）丙氨酸乙硫酯（ethyl alanine sulfide）丙二酰脲 (malonyl urea)伯察留史（Berzelius）柏金(Perkin)反应薄荷醇(menthol)（±）—薄荷醇(（±）—menthol)薄荷酮(menthone)布特力洛夫（Bytrepob）布朗反应(Braun reaction)残基（residue）草酸（oxalic acid）超共轭效应（hyperconjugation effect）差向异构体(epimer)查尔酮(chalcone)茶多酚（tea polyphenols）β-常山碱(β-dichroine)沉淀法（precipitation）橙皮素(hesperetin)橙花醇(nerol)稠环芳烃（polynuclear aromatic compound）稠环碳架（fused ring carbon constitution）醇钠（sodium alcohols）醇解(alcoholysis)穿心莲内酯(andrographolide)磁场扫描（magnetic field scan）β—雌二醇(β—dihydrotheelin)醋酸镁反应(magnesium acetate reaction )萃取法（extraction）DDQ(2,3－二氯－5,6－氰基－1,4－苯醌)大黄素型(emodin-type)大黄酸(rhein)大豆黄素(daidzein)大叶千里光碱(macrophylline)达尔森(Darzen)反应哒嗪（pyridazine）单键(single bond)单体(monomer)单蒽核(monoanthracene nucleus)单萜(monoterpenoids)单糖（monosaccharide）单线态(singlet)蛋氨酸（methionine）蛋白质（protein）胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)胆甾酸(cholalic acid)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)党参碱(codonopsine)等电点（isoelectric point ,PI）迪克曼反应(Dieckmann reaction )狄尔斯－阿尔德（Diels-Alher）电场扫描（electric field scan）电性效应（electromeric effect）电荷转移络合物（charge-transfer complex）碘仿试验(iodoform test)碘值( iodine number )淀粉（starch）敌敌畏(dichlorovos)蝶啶（pteridine）丁烯二酸(butene dioic acid)定位规则（orientationg rule）动力学概念（dynamical concept）豆甾烷(stigmastane)毒芹碱(coniine)毒扁豆碱(physostigmine)杜鹃酮 (germacrone)端基效应（end－group effect）对映异构（enantiomerism）对映体(enantiomers)对氨基苯磺酰胺(sulfanilamide)多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon）多糖（polysaccharide）多肽（polypeptide）多磷酸酯(polyphosphate ester)E（entgegen，德文，相反之意）EAN规则（EAN rule）莪术醇(curcumenol)鹅去氧胆酸(chemocholic acid)噁唑（oxazole）蒽（anthracene）蒽酚(anthrol)蒽醌(anthraquinones)蒽酮(anthrone)9-蒽酮大黄酚(chrysophanol 9-anthrone)儿茶素(catechin)二烯烃（diene）二氯卡宾（dichlorocarbene）二甲亚砜（dimethyl sulfoxide）二巯基丙醇(dimercaptopropanol )二级结构（secondary structure）二氢黄酮(flavanone)二氢黄酮醇(flavanonol)二氢异黄酮(isoflavanone)二氢查尔酮(dihydrochalcone)二萜类(diterpenoids)番泻苷A、B、C、D(sennoside A、B、C、D) 番茄红素(lycopene)反芳香性化合物（antiaromatic compound）反应历程（reaction mechanism）反应热（heat of reaction）芳香烃（aromatic hydrocarbon）芳香性（aromaticity）芳香性化合物（aromatic compound）芳构化（aromatization）放氮反应(denitrification)飞燕草素(delphinidin)非芳香性化合物（nonaromatic compound）非离子表面活性剂（nonionic）非对映体（diasteroisomer）非质子性溶剂（nonprotonic solvent ）非苯芳烃（nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon）菲（phenanthrene）斐林溶液( Fehting solution )费歇尔（E.Fischer）费歇尔投影式(Fischer projection formula)分子轨道（molecular orbital）分子轨道对称性守恒理论（conservation of orbital symmetry theory）分子轨道理论（molecular orbital theory）酚苄明（Phenoxybenzamine）芬克尔斯坦(Finkelstein)芬氟拉明（fenfluramine）粪甾烷(coprostane)氟芬那酸（flufenamic Acid）福井谦一(K.Fukui)傅-克反应（Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction）傅瑞斯重排（K.fries rearrangement）傅瑞德-克拉天茨反应（Friedel-Crafts reaction）辅酶Q10（coenzyme Q10）呋喃（furan）盖布瑞尔合成法（Gabreil reaction）盖特曼－科希（Gattermann-Koch）反应甘露糖（mannose）甘氨酸（glycine）甘油（glycerol）甘氨胆酸(glycocholic acid)甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid) 甘草苷(liquiritin)高丽槐素(maackiain)睾丸素(testosterone)隔离二烯烃（isolated diene）格林那试剂（Grignard reagent）哥美林（Gmelin）共振能（resonance energy）共振论（resonance theory）共振杂化体（resonance hybrid）共振结构式（resonating structure）共轭效应（conjugative effect）共轭体系(conjugation system)共轭二烯烃（conjugated diene）构象（conformation）构象异构（conformational isomerism）构造异构(constitutional isomerism)构型保持(configuration conservation)构型转化(configuration inversion)钩藤碱(rhynchophylline)β—谷甾醇(β—sitosterol)谷氨酸（glutamic acid）谷酰胺（glutamine）古柏尔（A. Couper）古柯碱(cocaine)胍(guanidine )寡糖（oligasaccharide）冠醚（crown ether）光学异构体(optical isomer)硅烷（silane）硅油(silicon oil)过氧化物(peroxide)过氧化物效应(peroxide effect)过渡态（transition state）果糖（fructose）哈沃斯（Haworth）海藻糖（fucose）核磁共振谱（nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy）核苷酸(nucleotide)核苷(nucleoside)核酸(nucleic acid)核糖（ribose）(-)-黑金合欢素[(-)melacacidin)]红古豆碱(cuskohygrine)红花苷(carthamin)红外光谱（infrared spectroscopy）互变异构现象（tautomerism）互变异构体（tautomer）胡萝卜素(carotene)胡椒碱(piperine)槲皮素(quercetin)化学键（chemical bond）花色素(anthocyanidin)环烃（cyclic hydrocarbon）环氧化反应（epoxidation）环加成反应（cycloaddition recation）环状碳架（cyclic carbon constitution）环己二酮(cyclic hexanedione)环糊精（cyclodextrin）α,β－环氧酸酯(α,β－cycloxacid ester)黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(phellamurin)黄芩素(baicalein)黄芩苷(baicalin)黄杉素(taxifolin)黄酮(flavonoid)黄酮醇(flavonol)黄烷醇(flavanol)黄体酮(progesterone)磺胺(sulfanilamide)磺化反应（sulfonation）活化能（energy of activation）霍夫曼(R.Hofmann)霍夫曼降解反应（Hoffmann degradation）霍夫曼消除（Hoffmann elimination）霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应（Hoffmann exhaustive methylation）几何异构体（geometricalisomer）己二胺(hexanediamine)季铵盐(quaternary ammonium salt)季铵碱(quaternnary ammonium hydrate )季膦盐( quaternary phosphonium salt )激素(hormone)甲孕酮(methporgestin)甲基睾丸素(methyl testosterone)甲基锂（lithium methlde）甲壳质（chitin）价键学说（valence bond method）假酸式(pseudo-acid form )σ键（σbond）σ键迁移反应（sigmatropic reaction）π键（πbond）碱基配对规律(base pairing rule)姜烯(zingiberene)胶束(micelle)交叉醇醛缩合反应(crossed aldol reaction)金合欢醇(farnesol)金属有机化合物（metalloorganic compound）金雀花碱(sparteine)金鸡宁（cinchonine）金刚烷胺(symmetrel)紧密离子对(tightness ionpair )精氨酸（arginine）竞争反应(competing reaction )聚合物（polymer）聚合反应（polyreaction）聚集二烯烃（cumulative diene）锯架式(andiron formula ; sawhorse projection formula) 卡宾（碳烯）（Carbene）开息纳尔－武尔夫（Kishner-Wolff）－黄鸣龙法凯库勒（A. Kekule）康尼查罗(Cannizzaro ) 反应科尔贝（H. Kolbe）科瑞—郝思反应（E.J.Cory—H.House reaction）可的松(cortisone)可见－紫外光谱（visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy）克莱森－斯密特（Claisen-Schmidt）反应克脑文盖尔（Knoevenagel）反应克莱门森（Clemmensen）还原反应克莱森重排（Claisen rearrangement）克莱森缩合反应(Claisen condensation reaction ) 柯尔柏-施密特反应（Kolbe-schmidt reaction）柯亚素(chrysarobin)壳糖胺（chitosamine）苦参碱(matrine)库切洛夫反应（Kutchcrov reaction）奎宁(quinine)喹啉（quinoline）醌（quinones）醌氢醌(quinhydrone)莱普西汀(leptosidin)赖氨酸（lysine）兰尼镍（Raney Ni）莨菪碱(hyoscyamine)雷公藤甲素(triptolide)利血平(reserpine)立体选择性(stereoselective)立体专一性(stereospecific)立体异构（stereoisomer）离域(delocalization)离域能(delocalization energy ;delocalized energy)离域电子（delocalized electron）离去基团(leaving group )链引发阶段（chain initiation step）链增长阶段（chain propagation step）链终止阶段（chain termination step）链状碳架（chain carbon constitution）亮氨酸（leucine）林德拉（Lindlar）膦叶立德（phosphorus ylide）膦(phosphureted hydrogen)鏻盐(phosphorate)膦酸(phosphonic acid )硫脲(thiourea )硫醇(thioalcohol )硫醚(thioether )硫酚(phenylsulfhydryl )留氮反应(reaction of nitrogen retention) 龙脑(borneol)卤代反应（halogenation）卤仿（haloform）卤仿反应(haloform reaction )卢卡斯试剂（Lucas reagent）芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)芦丁(rutin)α－卵磷脂(α－lecithine )轮烯（annulene）酪氨酸（tyrosine）罗勒烯(ocimene)罗森孟德(Rosenmund)还原法螺环烃（spiro hydrocarbon）氯乙酸甲酯(methyl chloroacetate) (chloro acetyl formate) 绿茶多酚(green tea polyphenols)马尔可夫尼可夫（Markovnikov）规则麻黄碱(ephedrine)吗啡(morphine)麦可拉费蒂（Mclafferty）麦芽糖（maltose）麦角甾醇(ergostenol)麦角新碱(ergometrine)麦克尔加成(Michael addition)满尼希（Mannich）反应梅尔外英－彭多夫（Meerwein-Poundorf）还原反应酶（enzyme）没食子儿茶素(gallocatechin)没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(gallocatechin gallate)脒基(amidino)嘧啶（pyrimidine）咪唑（imidazole）那可汀(narcotine)钠汞齐反应(natrium amalgam reaction)萘（naphthalene）脑磷脂(cephalin)内消旋体（meso－form）尼科尔棱镜(Nicol prism)脲(尿素) (urea)鸟嘌呤（guanine）尿嘧啶（uracil）柠檬醛(citral)苧烯(limonene)牛磺胆酸(taurocholic acid)纽曼投影式（Newmans projection formular）扭转能（torsional energy）扭转张力（torsional strain）欧芬脑尔氧化反应（Oppenaner oxidizing reaction）偶氮基(azo)偶合（偶联）反应(coupling reaction）偶合组分（或偶合剂）（coupling agent ）偶极-离子键（dipolar-ionic bond ）蒎烯(pinene)硼氢化反应（hydroboration））硼氢化钠（NaBH4吡哆醛(pyridoxal)吡咯（pyrrole）吡喃（pyran）吡嗪（pyrazine）吡唑（pyrazole）吡啶（pyridine）嘌呤（purine）频哪醇（pinacol）平面偏振光(plane polarized light)平伏键(e键，equatorial bonds)苹果多酚(apple polyphenols)普鲁卡因(procaine )葡萄糖（glucose）歧化反应(disproportionation reaction )前列腺素( prostaglandin)前线轨道(frontier orbital）理论茜草素(alizarin)茜素型(alizarin-type)强心苷(cardiac glycosides)羟肟酸(hydroximic acid )β－羟基醛(β－hydroxy aldehyde )桥环烃（bridged hydrocarbon）鞘磷脂(sphingomyelinicacid)亲电性试剂（electrophile）亲电加成反应（electrophilic addition）亲电取代（electrophilic substitution）亲核试剂（nucleophilic reagent）亲核加成反应（nucleophilic addition）亲核取代(nucleophilic substitution)亲核取代反应历程(nucleophilic substitution reavtion mechanism) 亲双烯体（dienophile）芹菜素(apigenin)氢解( hydrogenolysis)氢化苯基锡(hydrogenation benztin)氢化正丁基锡( hydrogenation butyltin )氢化油(hydrogenated oil )氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)氢化热（heat of hydrogenation）氢甲酰化法（hydroformylation）氢键（hydrogen bond）清风藤碱(sinoacutine)琼斯试剂（Jones reagent）炔烃（alkyne）热力学概念(thermodynamic conception )溶剂化效应(solvating effect)乳糖（lactose）瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应（Reamer-Timann reaction）萨哈斯投影式（Sawhares projection）噻吩（thiophene）噻唑（thiazole）三萜(triterpenoids)三甲基铝（trimethyl aluminium）三级结构（tertiary structure）三线态（triplet state）三苯基膦(triphenyl phosphine)三磷酸腺苷（adenosine triphosphate）桑得迈尔反应（Sandmeyer reaction）桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应（Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction）色氨酸（tryptophan）色谱法（chromatography）沙瑞特试剂（Sarrett reagent）鲨烯(squalene)山油柑碱(acronycine)山扁豆双醌(cassiamine)山梗菜碱(lobeline)肾上腺皮质激素(adrenal cortex hormone)生物甲基化（biological methylate）18电子规则（18- electron rule）史蒂文斯重排（Stevens rearrangement）石松碱(lycopodine)士的宁(strychnine)矢车菊素(cyanidin)手性(chirality)水苏碱(stachydrine)双蒽核(bi-anthracene nucleus)双烯体（diene）顺反异构（cistrans isomerism）顺反异构体（cis-trans isomer）四氢巴马汀（tetrahydropalmatine）四级结构（quaternary structure）四氢硼钠反应(sodium borohydride reaction) 四萜(quadruterpene)四甲基硅烷（tetramethylsilane）丝氨酸（serine）松香酸(abietic acid)苏氨酸（threonine）酸败（rancidity ）缩醛（acetal）缩二脲反应（biuret reaction）肽（peptide）肽键（peptide bond）碳水化合物（carbohydrate）碳酰氯(carbonyl chloride ;phosgene )糖类（saccharide）糖苷（glycoside）糖原（glycogen）天冬氨酸（aspartic acid）天精(skyrin)天竺葵素(pelargonidin)萜类化合物(terpenoids)同系列（homologous series）同系物（homolog）同分异构体（isomer）酮(ketone)透析法（permeation）1-吐根碱(1-emetine)脱羧反应(decarboxylic reaction)娃儿藤定碱(tylophorinine)瓦尔登转化(Walden inversion)外消旋体(racemic mixture)外消旋化（racemization）烷烃（alkane）维生素A(vitamin A)维生素B12（vitamin B12）维生素K1、K2（vitamin K1、K2）维蒂希反应（Wittig reaction）伪麻黄碱(pseudoephedrine)威尔克森(wilkinson)威廉森合成法（Williamson synthesis）武勒（F. Wohler）无色矢车菊素(leucocyanidin)伍德沃德（R.B.Woodward）武兹反应（A.Wurtz reaction）烯烃（alkene）系统命名法（systematic nomenclature）西佛碱（Schiff ’s base）希夫（schiff）试剂吸电子共轭效应(electronwithdrawing conjugative effect) 喜树碱(camptothecine)西佛碱（schiff base）希曼反应（G.Schiemann reaction）纤维二糖（cellobiose）纤维素（cellulose）腺嘌呤（adenine）硝化反应（nitration）消除反应（elimination reaction）小檗碱(berberine)硝基化合物（nitro compounds）协同反应（concerted reaction）缬氨酸（valine）（±）—新薄荷醇[（±）—neomenthol]兴斯堡反应（Hinsberg reaction）胸腺嘧啶（thymine）12-15休克尔规则（Hückel rule）比旋光度(specific rotatory power)旋光仪(optical rotation instrument)旋光异构体(optical isomer)血红素（haemachrome）亚硝酸（nitrous acid）烟碱(nicotine)延胡索乙素(tetrahydropalmatine)盐酸-镁粉反应(HCl-Mg powder reaction)盐酸-锌粉反应(HCl-Zn powder reaction)盐（oxonium salt）氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine)氧化蒽酚(oxanthranol)氧化态（oxidation state）氧化值（oxidation number）阳离子表面活性剂（cationic surface active agent）叶黄素(phylloxanthin)叶绿素（chlorophyll）一叶萩碱(securinine)一野百合碱(monocrotaline)一级结构（primary structure）乙硼烷（diborane）1－乙炔基环戊醇（1－ethynyl cyclopentanol ）乙二胺（ethylene diamine）乙烯酮（ethenone ;ketene ）乙酸（acetic acid）乙二酸（ethanedioic acid ）异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin)异黄酮(isoflavone)异鼠李素(isorhamnetin)异钩藤碱(isorhynchophylline)异亮氨酸（isoleucine）异头物（anomer）异头效应（anomeric effect）异噁唑（isoxazole）异噻唑（isothiazole）异腈（胩）（isonitrile）异喹啉（isoquinoline）胰岛素（insulin）阴离子表面活性剂（anionic surface active agent）茚三酮（ninhydrin ）吲哚（indole）罂粟碱(papaverine)油脂（axunge；grease；lipin；）有效原子序数（effective atomic number）有机金属化合物（organometallic compound）有机锂(organic-Li) (organic lithium ) (organolithium compound) 诱导效应（inductive effect）羽扇豆碱(lupinine)愈创木奥(guaiazulene)原花色素(proanthocyanidin)鸢尾苷(iridin)原子轨道（atomic orbital）Z（Zusammen，德文，在一起之意）杂化轨道（hybrid orbital）杂环碳架（heterocycle carbon constitution）甾体化合物(steroidal compound)皂化反应(saponification reaction)皂化值(saponification value)扎依采夫(Saytzeff)规则樟柳碱(anisodine)樟脑(camphor)蔗糖（sucrose）-折叠（beta-pleated sheet）蒸馏法（distillation）质谱（mass spectroscopy）质子性溶剂(protonic solvent)脂环烃(alicyclic hydrocarbon；cycloalkane）直立键（a键，axial bond）重氮化反应（diazotization reaction）重氮盐（diazonium salt）重氮组分(diazocomponent)重氮甲烷(diazomethane)周环反应（pericyclic reaction）转化糖（invert sugar）自由基（free radical）自由基链反应（free radical chain reaction）β－紫罗兰酮(β－ionone )。

化学用语中英文对照organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸 nitric acid 硝酸 aqua fortis 王水 fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的refining 炼油refinery 炼油厂cracking 裂化separation 分离fractionating tower 分馏塔fractional distillation 分馏distillation column 分裂蒸馏塔polymerizing, polymerization 聚合reforming 重整purification 净化hydrocarbon 烃,碳氢化合物crude oil, crude 原油petrol 汽油 (美作:gasoline)LPG, liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气 LNG, liquefied natural gas 液化天然气 octane number 辛烷数,辛烷值vaseline 凡士林paraffin 石蜡kerosene, karaffin oil 煤油gas oil 柴油lubricating oil 润滑油asphalt 沥青benzene 苯fuel 燃料natural gas 天然olefin 烯烃high-grade petrol, high-octane petrol 高级汽油,高辛烷值汽油 plastic 塑料chemical fiber 化学纤维synthetic rubber 合成橡胶solvent 溶剂product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式 valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用 compound 合成物alloy 合金metal 金属metalloid 非金属。

●化学常用词汇汉英对照表1●氨 ammonia氨基酸 amino acid铵盐 ammonium salt饱和链烃 saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯 benzene变性 denaturation不饱和烃 unsaturated hydrocarbon超导材料 superconductive material臭氧 ozone醇 alcohol次氯酸钾 potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠 sodium acetate蛋白质 protein氮族元素 nitrogen group element碘化钾 potassium iodide碘化钠 sodium iodide电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion电解质 electrolyte电离平衡 ionization equilibrium电子云 electron cloud淀粉 starch淀粉碘化钾试纸 starch potassium iodide paper 二氧化氮 nitrogen dioxide二氧化硅 silicon dioxide二氧化硫 sulphur dioxide二氧化锰 manganese dioxide芳香烃 arene放热反应 exothermic reaction非极性分子 non-polar molecule非极性键 non-polar bond肥皂 soap分馏 fractional distillation酚 phenol复合材料 composite干电池 dry cell干馏 dry distillation甘油 glycerol高分子化合物 polymer共价键 covalent bond官能团 functional group光化学烟雾 photochemical fog过氧化氢 hydrogen peroxide合成材料 synthetic material合成纤维 synthetic fiber合成橡胶 synthetic rubber核电荷数 nuclear charge number核素 nuclide化学电源 chemical power source化学反应速率 chemical reaction rate 化学键 chemical bond化学平衡 chemical equilibrium还原剂 reducing agent磺化反应 sulfonation reaction霍尔槽Hull Cell极性分子 polar molecule极性键 polar bond加成反应 addition reaction加聚反应 addition polymerization甲烷 methane碱金属 alkali metal碱石灰 soda lime结构式 structural formula聚合反应 po1ymerization可逆反应 reversible reaction空气污染指数 air pollution index勒夏特列原理 Le Chatelier's principle 离子反应 ionic reaction离子方程式 ionic equation离子键 ionic bond锂电池 lithium cell两性氢氧化物 amphoteric hydroxide 两性氧化物 amphoteric oxide裂化 cracking裂解 pyrolysis硫氰化钾 potassium thiocyanate硫酸钠 sodium sulphide氯化铵 ammonium chloride氯化钡 barium chloride氯化钾 potassium chloride氯化铝 aluminium chloride氯化镁 magnesium chloride氯化氢 hydrogen chloride氯化铁 iron (III) chloride氯水 chlorine water麦芽糖 maltose煤 coal酶 enzyme摩尔 mole摩尔质量 molar mass品红 magenta或fuchsine葡萄糖 glucose气体摩尔体积 molar volume of gas铅蓄电池 lead storage battery强电解质 strong electrolyte氢氟酸 hydrogen chloride氢氧化铝 aluminium hydroxide取代反应 substitution reaction醛 aldehyde炔烃 alkyne燃料电池 fuel cell弱电解质 weak electrolyte石油 Petroleum水解反应 hydrolysis reaction四氯化碳 carbon tetrachloride塑料 plastic塑料的降解 plastic degradation塑料的老化 plastic ageing酸碱中和滴定 acid-base neutralization titration酸雨 acid rain羧酸 carboxylic acid碳酸钠sodium carbonate碳酸氢铵ammonium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠sodium bicarbonate糖类carbohydrate烃hydrocarbon烃的衍生物derivative of hydrocarbon烃基hydrocarbonyl同分异构体isomer同素异形体allotrope同位素isotope同系物homo1og涂料coating烷烃alkane物质的量amount of substance物质的量浓度amount-of-substance concentration of B 烯烃alkene洗涤剂detergent纤维素cellulose相对分子质量relative molecular mass相对原子质量relative atomic mass消去反应elimination reaction硝化反应nitratlon reaction硝酸钡barium nitrate硝酸银 silver nitrate溴的四氯化碳溶液solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride 溴化钠sodium bromide溴水 bromine water溴水bromine water盐类的水解hydrolysis of salts盐析 salting-out焰色反应flame test氧化剂 oxidizing agent氧化铝aluminium oxide氧化铁iron (III) oxide乙醇 ethanol乙醛ethana1乙炔ethyne乙酸 ethanoic acid乙酸乙酯ethyl acetate乙烯 ethylene银镜反应 silver mirror reaction硬脂酸 stearic acid油脂oils and fats有机化合物organic compound元素周期表periodic table of elements元素周期律periodic law of elements原电池primary battery原子序数atomic number皂化反应saponification粘合剂adhesive蔗糖sucrose指示剂Indicator酯ester酯化反应esterification周期 period族 group（主族：main group）Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter 滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation 变异系数（CV）190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level零水准218. buffer solution缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量（OC）254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD)255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。

表一常见无机物英文名表二常见有机物英文名(Fill in the blanks for practice.)320321常用工业化学品中英名硝酸钙Calcium nitrate冰醋酸Glacial acetic acid对苯二酚Hydroquinone氢氧化钠Sodium Hydroxide叔丁基胺Tert-butylamine丙烯酸树脂Acrylic resin十六烷醇Cetyl alcohol乙二醇Ethylene glycol甘油Glycerine or glycerol过硫酸铵Ammonium persulfate硫酸铵Ammonium sulfate三聚磷酸钠Sodium tripolyphosphate氧化镁Magnesium oxide磷酸三钠Trisodium Phosphate对苯二酚Hydroquinone月桂醇硫酸钠sldium lauryl sulfate对羟基苯甲酸para-hydroxybenzoic acid苯甲酸钠Sodium benzoate过氧化氢Hydrogen Peroxide邻苯二甲酸酐Phthalic Anhydride2,3-二氨基甲苯2,3-diamino toluene三苯基硼Triphenyl borane松油精Dipentine高锰酸钾Potassium Permanganate二环戊二烯Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD)金红石型氧化钛Titanium Dioxide (Rutile)硼酸Boric acid氧化铅Lead Oxide邻苯二甲酸酐0-Phthalic Anhydride碳黑Carbon Black粒状活性炭Granular activated carbon粉状活性炭Powered activated carbon磷酸Phosphoric acid次硫酸钠Sodium Hydrosulfite磷酸二氢铵Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate水合肼Hydrazine Hydrate干酪素Casein (food grade)柠檬酸Citric acid硫代硫酸钠Sodium thiosulfate硝酸钙Calcium nitrate322硫酸钾Potassium sulfate氯化钠Sodium chloride丙烯酰氯Acrylyl chloride苏打灰Soda ash间氯苯胺m-chloroaniline尿素Urea氧化铁黄Iron oxide yellow氧化铁红Iron oxide red1,1,1-三氯乙烷1,1,1-Trichloroethane氯化铵Ammonium chloride苯酚Phenol磷酸三钙Tricalcium phosphate碳酸氢钠Sodium bicarbonate碳酸钠Sodium carbonate山梨糖醇Sorbitol一水葡萄糖Dextrose monohydrate碳化钙Calcium carbide酒石酸盐Tartrate鉻酸銨Ammonium chromate甲酸铵Ammonium formate聚丙烯薄膜Polypropylene (PP ) Sheet表三323表四环境科学英语重要单词定义表324325326327328329330331表五能源环境中英文名称对照表332333334335336337表六能源相关中英文名词表338339340。

1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团 functional group双键 double bond三键 triple bond烃基 hydroxyl group琉基 mercapto硫轻基 sulfhydryl group羰基 carbonyl group氨基 amino group亚氨基 imino group硝基 nitro group亚硝基 nitroso group氰基 cyano group羧基 carboxyl group磺基 sulpho group烷基 alkyl group苯基 phenyl group卡基 benzyl group芳基 aryl group烯基 allyl group烷氧基 alkoxyl group酰基 acyl group活性亚甲基 active methylene group2.有机化合物的类型烃 hydrocarbon石蜡 paraffin脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon烷烃 alkane烯烃 alkene炔烃 alkyne共扼二烯烃 conjugated diene脂环烃 alicyclic hydrocarbon螺环化合物 spiro compound桥环化合物 bridged ring compound芳烃 aromatic hydrocarbon非苯芳烃 nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 稠环芳烃 condensed aromatics卤代烃 halohydrocarbon醇 alcohol酚 phenol醚 ether环氧化合物 epoxide冠醚 crown ether硫醇 thiol硫酚 thiophenol硫醚 sulfide二硫化物 disulfide亚磺酸 sulfinic acid磺酸 sulfonic acid亚砜 sulfoxide砜 sulfone醛 aldehyde酮 ketone半缩醛 hemiacetaI半缩酮 hemiketal缩醛 acetal缩酮 ketal西佛碱 shiff's base肟 oxime腙 hydrozone缩氨脲 semicarbazoneα,β-不饱和酮α,β--unsaturated ketone 醌 quinone羧酸 carboxylic acid酰卤 acid halide酸酐 acid anhydride酯 ester酰胺 amide內酯 lactone内酰胺 lactam月青 nitrile取代酸 substituted acid羟基酸 hydroxy acid醇酸 alcoholic acid酚酸 phenolic acid酮酸 keto acidB-酮酸酯 B-ketone ester乙酰乙酸乙醋 ethyl acetoacetate亚硝基化合物 nitroso compound硝基化合物 njtro compound亚胺 imine胺 amine伯胺 primary amine仲胺 secondary amine叔胺 tertiary amine季铵盐 quaternary ammonium salt季铵碱 quaternary ammonium hydroxide 重氮盐 diazonium salt偶氮化合物 azo compound胍 guanidine氨基酸 amino acid磷 phosphine磷酸酯 phosphate亚磷酸酯 phosphite膦酸酯 phosphonate膦酸 phosphonic acid3.杂环化合物吡咯 pyrrol呋喃 furane噻吩 thiophone吲哚 indole卟吩 porphine咪唑 imidazole噻唑 thioazole吡啶 pyridine喹啉 quinoline异喹啉 isoquinoline吡喃鎓盐 pyrylium salts黄酮 flavone嘧啶 pirimidine嘌呤 purine4.有机天然产物肽 peptide多肽 polypeptide核酸 nucleic acid核苷 nucleoside核苷酸 nucleotide生物碱 alkaloid碳水化合物 carbohydrate单糖 monosaccharide醛糖 aldoses酮糖 ketosesD-核糖 riboseD-2-脱氧核糖 deoxyribose葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose糖脎 osazone糖苷 glucoside低聚糖 oligosaccharide麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose纤维二糖 cellobiose环糊精 cyclodextrin多糖 polysaccharide淀粉 starch纤维素 cellulose类脂 lipid萜类化合物 terpenoid甾族化合物 steroid脂肪 fat油 oil脂肪酸 fatty acid甘油三羧酸酯 triglyceride磷脂 phospholipid磷脂酸 phosphalidic acid蜡 wax5.有机化合物的结构理论价键理论 valence-bond theory分子轨道理论 molecular orbital theory 共振论 resonance theory凯库勒式 Kekule formula路易斯式 Lewis formulaσ键σ bondπ键π bond键能 bond energy键角 bond angle键长 bond Iength成键轨道 bonding orbital反键轨道 antibonding orbital最高已占轨道 HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital最低末占轨道 LUMO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital 诱导效应 inductive effect共轭效应 conjugated effectπ,π-共轭π,π- conjugationp,π-共轭p,π- conjugation超共轭作用 hyperconjugation离域能 delocalization energy共振能 resonance energy给电子基团 electron donating group吸电子基团 electron withdrawing group芳性 aromaticity休克尔规律 Huckel's rule两性离子 Zwitterion6.有机化学中的同分异构异构体 isomer构造 constitution构型 configuration构象 conformation构造异构 constitutional isomerism立体异构 stereo isomerism构型异构 configurational isomerism顺反异构 cis-trans isomerism次序规则 sequence ruIe同侧 Zugammen Z异侧 Entgegen E顺式 cis反式 trans对映异构 enantiomerism = 光学异构旋光异构 optical isomerism旋光性 optical activity旋光度 optical rotation比旋光度 specific rotation对称面 plane of symmetry对称中心 center of symmetry对称轴 axis of symmetry手性 chirality手性分子 chiral molecules对映异构体，对映体 enantiomer非对映体 diastereomer外消旋体 raceme左旋体 leveisomer右旋体 dextroisomer内消旋体 mesomer费歇尔投影式 Fischer projection相对构型 relative configuration绝对构型 absolute configurationR -构型 R -configurationS -构型 S -configuration赤式 erythro苏式 threo外消旋化 racemization拆分 resolution光学纯度 Optical Purity对映体过量百分数 enantiomeric excess立体专一性反应 stereospecific reaction 立体选择性反应 stereoselective reaction不对称合成 asymmetric synthesis构象异构 conformational isomerism构象分析 conformational analysis锯架式 perspective formula纽曼投影式 Newman projection formula椅式 chair form船式 boat form直立键 a键 axial bond 平伏键 e键 equatorial bond互变异构 tautomerism酮式 keto-form烯醇式 enol-form差向异构化 epimerization变旋现象 mutamerism哈武斯式 Haworth form7.有机反应的名称取代反应 substitution reaction加成反应 addition reaction马尔科夫尼可夫规律 Markovnikov rule 共轭加成 conjugate addition消去反应 elemination reaction查依采夫规律 Saytzeff rule霍夫曼规律 Hofmann rule硼氢化反应 hydroboration催化加氢 catalytic hydrogenation聚合反应 polymerization单体 monomer聚合物 polymer硝化反应 nitration卤化反应 halogenation磺化反应 sulfonation烷基化反应 alkylation酰基化反应 acylation酯化反应 esterification酯交换反应 transesterification脱羧反应 decarboxylation氯甲基化反应 chloromethylation傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应 Friedel-Crafts reaction格利雅反应 Grignard reaction格利雅试剂 (格氏试剂) Grignard reagent赖默-梯曼反应 Reimer-Tiemann reaction卤仿反应 haloform reaction水解反应 hydrolysis reaction醇解反应 alcoholysis reaction氨解反应 ammonolysisi reaction皂化 saponification插烯作用 vinylogy缩合 condensation克莱森缩合 Claisen condensation安息香缩合 benzoin condensation羟醛缩合 aldol condensation列弗尔马茨基反应 Reformatsky reaction迈克尔反应 Michael reaction诺文格尔反应 Knoevenagel reaction加布里反应 Gabriel reaction乙酰乙酸乙酯合成法 acetoacetic ester synthesis 丙二酸酯合成法 malonic ester synthesis 威廉逊合成法 William Son synthesis海森堡试验 Hinsberg test重氮化反应 diazotization reaction偶联反应 coupling reaction脱氨基反应 deamination reaction维悌希反应 Wittig reaction氧化反应 oxidation reaction还原反应 reduction reaction周环反应 pericyclic reaction环加成反应 cycloaddition reaction电环化反应 electrocyclic reaction坎尼扎罗反应 Cannizzaro reaction齐齐巴宾反应 Chichibabin reaction狄尔斯-阿德尔反应 Diels-alder reaction斐林试剂 Fehling reagent托伦试剂 Tollens reagent沃克还原 Wolff-Kishner reduction罗森蒙德还原 Rosenmund reduction克莱门森还原 Clemmenson reduction考普重排 Cope rearrangement霍夫曼重排 Hofmann rearrangement嚬哪醇重排 pinacol rearrangement弗里茨重排 Fries rearrangement克莱森重排 Claisen rearrangement二烯体 diene亲二烯体 dienophile分子轨道对称守恒原理 conversation of orbital symmetry8.有机反应机理均裂 homolytic异裂 heterolytic活性中间体 active intermediate碳正离子 carbocation碳负离子 carbanion烯醇负离子 enolate anion自由基，游离基 free radical卡宾，碳烯 carbene氮烯 nitrene速度决定步骤 rate-determining step哈蒙特假定 Hammond postulate能线图 energy profile过渡状态 transition state邻基参与 neighboring group participation动力学控制 kinetic control热力学控制 thermodynamic control离去基团 leaving group底物 substrate亲电试剂 electrofphile亲核试剂 nucleophile亲电加成反应 electrophilic addition亲电取代反应 electrophilic substitution定位规律 orientation rule亲核取代反应 nucleophilic substitutionSN2 反应机理 SN2 reaction mechanismSN1 反应机理 SN1 reaction mechanism瓦尔登转化 Walden inversion亲核加成反应 nucleophilic addition亲核加成-消去反应 nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction 消去反应机理 elimination reaction mechanismE1 反应机理 E1 reaction mechanismE2 反应机理 E2 reaction mechanism反式消去 anti elimination重排反应机理 rearrangement reaction mechanism自由基反应 free radical reaction链引发 chain initation链增长 chain propagation链终止 chain termination9.有机化合物的光谱红外光谱 IR Infrared spectra傅立叶变换 Fourier Transform指纹区 finger print region吸收频率 absorption frequency紫外光谱 UV Ultraviolet spectra电子跃迁 elctronic transition吸光度 absorbance摩尔消光系数 molar extinction coefficient发色团 chromophore助色团 auxochrome核磁共振 NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance1HNMR 谱 1HNMR spectra13CNMR 谱 13CNMR spectra屏蔽效应 shielding effect化学位移 chemical shift自旋偶合 spin-spin coupling自旋裂分 spin-spin splitting偶合常数 coupling constant质子去偶 proton spin decoupling 质子偏共振去偶 proton off-resonance decoupling质谱 Mass Spectra(MS)电子流轰击 election impact (EI)快原子轰击 fast atom bombarment (FAB)分子离子峰 molecular ion peak同位素峰 isotopic peak基峰 base peak质荷比(m/z) mass-to-charge ratio10.分子间作用力氢键 hydrogen bond色散力 dispersion force 范德华力 Van Der Waals force 偶极-偶极作用力 dipole-dipole interraction force11.物理性质熔点 melting point沸点 boiling point密度 density溶解度 solubility偶极矩 dipole moment12.有机化合物的酸碱性酸性 acidity碱性 basicity<HTML>本站材料仅为本院教师与学生教学所用，请勿它用！</HTML>。

AMMA：Acrylonitrile/methyl Methacrylate：丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物AA：丙烯酸AAS：丙烯酸酯-丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯共聚物ABFN：偶氮(二)甲酰胺ABN：偶氮(二)异丁腈ABA：Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate：丙烯腈/丁二烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物ABS：Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene：丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物AES：Acrylonitrile-ethylene-styrene：丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物ARP：Aromatic polyester：聚芳香酯Arsenic(砷）AS：Acrylonitrile-styrene resin：丙烯腈-苯乙烯树脂ASA：Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate：丙烯腈/苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物ABA Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate 丙烯腈/丁二烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物BAA：正丁醛苯胺缩合物BAD：双水杨酸双酚A酯BCD：β－环糊精BE：丙烯酸乳胶外墙涂料BFRM：硼纤维增强塑料BLE：丙酮-二苯胺高温缩合物BMA：甲基丙烯酸丁酯BN：氮化硼BNE：新型环氧树脂BNS：β－萘磺酸甲醛低缩合物BOPP：双轴向聚丙烯BPMC：2-仲丁基苯基-N-甲基氨基酸酯BPTP：聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯BR：丁二烯橡胶BROC：二溴(代)甲酚环氧丙基醚BS：丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物BT：聚丁烯-1热塑性塑料BTX：苯-甲苯-二甲苯混合物CA：Cellulose acetate：醋酸纤维塑料CAB：Cellulose acetate butyrate：醋酸-丁酸纤维素塑料CAN：醋酸-硝酸纤维素CAP：Cellulose acetate propionate：醋酸-丙酸纤维素CBA：化学发泡剂CDP：磷酸甲酚二苯酯CE："Cellulose plastics, general"：通用纤维素塑料CF：Cresol-formaldehyde：甲酚-甲醛树脂CFE：氯氟乙烯CFM：碳纤维密封填料CFRP：碳纤维增强塑料CLF：含氯纤维CMC：Carboxymethyl cellulose：羧甲基纤维素CMCNa：羧甲基纤维素钠CMD：代尼尔纤维CMS：羧甲基淀粉CN：Cellulose nitrate：硝酸纤维素CP：Cellulose propionate：丙酸纤维素CPE：Chlorinated polyethylene：氯化聚乙烯CPVC：Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride)：氯化聚氯乙烯CS：Casein：酪蛋白CTA：Cellulose triacetate：三醋酸纤维素EC Ethyl cellulose 乙烷纤维素E/EA：乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯共聚物EMA Ethylene/methacrylic acid 乙烯/甲基丙烯酸共聚物EP "Epoxy, epoxide" 环氧树脂ETFE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene 乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物EAA：乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物EBM：挤出吹塑模塑E/V AC：乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物ECB：乙烯共聚物和沥青的共混物ECD：环氧氯丙烷橡胶ECTEE：聚(乙烯-三氟氯乙烯)ED-3：环氧酯EC：Ethyl cellulose：乙烷纤维素EEA：Ethylene/ethyl acrylate：乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯共聚物EMA：Ethylene/methacrylic acid：乙烯/甲基丙烯酸共聚物EPD：Ethylene-propylene-diene：乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物EPM：Ethylene-propylene polymer：乙烯-丙烯共聚物EPS：Expanded polystyrene：发泡聚苯乙烯ETFE：Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene：乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物EV A：Ethylene/vinyl acetate：乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物EV AL：Ethylene-vinyl alcohol：乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物EO：环氧乙烷EOT：聚乙烯硫醚EP：环氧树脂EPI：环氧氯丙烷EPM：乙烯-丙烯共聚物EPOR：三元乙丙橡胶EPR：乙丙橡胶EPS：可发性聚苯乙烯EPSAN：乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物EPT：乙烯丙烯三元共聚物EPVC：乳液法聚氯乙烯EU：聚醚型聚氨酯EV A：乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物EVE：乙烯基乙基醚EXP：醋酸乙烯-乙烯-丙烯酸酯三元共聚乳液F/V AL：乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物F-23：四氟乙烯-偏氯乙烯共聚物F-30：三氟氯乙烯-乙烯共聚物F-40：四氟氯乙烯-乙烯共聚物FEP Perfluoro(ethylene-propylene) 全氟（乙烯-丙烯）塑料FNG：耐水硅胶FPM：氟橡胶FRA：纤维增强丙烯酸酯FRC：阻燃粘胶纤维FRP：纤维增强塑料FRPA-101：玻璃纤维增强聚癸二酸癸胺(玻璃纤维增强尼龙1010树脂) FRPA-610：玻璃纤维增强聚癸二酰乙二胺(玻璃纤维增强尼龙610树脂) FF Furan formaldehyde 呋喃甲醛GF：玻璃纤维GFRP：玻璃纤维增强塑料GFRTP：玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料促进剂GOF：石英光纤GPS：通用聚苯乙烯GR-1：异丁橡胶GR-N：丁腈橡胶GR-S：丁苯橡胶GRTP：玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料GUV：紫外光固化硅橡胶涂料GY：厌氧胶HDPE High-density polyethylene plastics 高密度聚乙烯塑料HIPS High impact polystyrene 高冲聚苯乙烯HLA：天然聚合物透明质胶HLD：树脂性氯丁胶HM：高甲氧基果胶HMC：高强度模塑料HOPP：均聚聚丙烯HPC：羟丙基纤维素HPMC：羟丙基甲基纤维素HPMCP：羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯HTPS：高冲击聚苯乙烯IEN：互贯网络弹性体IPS Impact-resistant polystyre ne 耐冲击聚苯乙烯IHPN：互贯网络均聚物IIR：异丁烯-异戊二烯橡胶IR：异戊二烯橡胶IVE：异丁基乙烯基醚JSF：聚乙烯醇缩醛胶KSG：空分硅胶LCP Liquid crystal polymer 液晶聚合物LDN：氯丁胶粘剂LDPE Low-density polyethylene plastics 低密度聚乙烯塑料LDR：氯丁橡胶LHPC：低替代度羟丙基纤维素LIPN：乳胶互贯网络聚合物LJ：接体型氯丁橡胶LLDPE Linear low-density polyethylene 线性低密聚乙烯LM：低甲氧基果胶LMDPE Linear medium-density polyethylene 线性中密聚乙烯LMWPE：低分子量聚乙稀LSR：羧基氯丁乳胶MBS：Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene：甲基丙烯酸-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物MC：Methyl cellulose：甲基纤维素MDPE：Medium-density polyethylene：中密聚乙烯MF：Melamine-formaldehyde resin：密胺-甲醛树脂MPF：Melamine/phenol-formaldehyde：密胺/酚醛树脂PA：Polyamide (nylon)：聚酰胺（尼龙）PAA：Poly(acrylic acid)：聚丙烯酸PADC：Poly(allyl diglycol carbonate)：碳酸-二乙二醇酯? 烯丙醇酯树脂PAE：Polyarylether：聚芳醚PAEK：Polyaryletherketone：聚芳醚酮PAI：Polyamide-imide：聚酰胺-酰亚胺PAK：Polyester alkyd：聚酯树脂PAN：Polyacrylonitrile：聚丙烯腈PARA：Polyaryl amide：聚芳酰胺PASU：Polyarylsulfone：聚芳砜PA T：Polyarylate：聚芳酯PAUR：Poly(ester urethane)：聚酯型聚氨酯PB：Polybutene-1：聚丁烯-[1]PBA：Poly(butyl acrylate)：聚丙烯酸丁酯PBAN：Polybutadiene-acrylonitrile：聚丁二烯-丙烯腈PBS：Polybutadiene-styrene：聚丁二烯-苯乙烯PBT：Poly(butylene terephthalate)：聚对苯二酸丁二酯PC：Polycarbonate：聚碳酸酯PCTFE：Polychlorotrifluoroethylene：聚氯三氟乙烯PDAP：Poly(diallyl phthalate)：聚对苯二甲酸二烯丙酯PE：Polyethylene：聚乙烯PEBA：Polyether block amide：聚醚嵌段酰胺PEBA：Thermoplastic elastomer polyether：聚酯热塑弹性体PEEK：Polyetheretherketone：聚醚醚酮PEI：Poly(etherimide)：聚醚酰亚胺PEK：Polyether ketone：聚醚酮PEO：Poly(ethylene oxide)：聚环氧乙烷PES：Poly(ether sulfone)：聚醚砜PET：Poly(ethylene terephthalate)：聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯PETG Poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycol 二醇类改性PET PEUR：Poly(ether urethane)：聚醚型聚氨酯PF：Phenol-formaldehyde resin：酚醛树脂PFA：Perfluoro(alkoxy alkane)：全氟烷氧基树脂PFF：Phenol-furfural resin：酚呋喃树脂PI：Polyimide：聚酰亚胺PIB：Polyisobutylene：聚异丁烯PISU：Polyimidesulfone：聚酰亚胺砜PMCA：Poly(methyl-alpha-chloroacrylate)：聚α-氯代丙烯酸甲酯PMMA：Poly(methyl methacrylate)：聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯PMP：Poly(4-methylpentene-1)：聚4-甲基戊烯-1PMS：Poly(alpha-methylstyrene)：聚α-甲基苯乙烯POM："Polyoxymethylene, polyacetal"：聚甲醛PP：Polypropylene：聚丙烯PPA：Polyphthalamide：聚邻苯二甲酰胺PPE：Poly(phenylene ether)：聚苯醚PPO：Poly(phenylene oxide) deprecated：聚苯醚PPOX：Poly(propylene oxide)：聚环氧（丙）烷PPS：Poly(phenylene sulfide)：聚苯硫醚PPSU：Poly(phenylene sulfone)：聚苯砜PS：Polystyrene：聚苯乙烯PSU：Polysulfone：聚砜PTFE：Polytetrafluoroethylene：聚四氟乙烯PUR：Polyurethane：聚氨酯PV AC：Poly(vinyl acetate)：聚醋酸乙烯PV AL：Poly(vinyl alcohol)：聚乙烯醇PVB：Poly(vinyl butyral)：聚乙烯醇缩丁醛PVC：Poly(vinyl chloride)：聚氯乙烯PVCA：Poly(vinyl chloride-acetate)：聚氯乙烯醋酸乙烯酯PVCC：chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride)(*CPVC)：氯化聚氯乙烯PVI：poly(vinyl isobutyl ether)：聚(乙烯基异丁基醚)PVM：poly(vinyl chloride vinyl methyl ether)：聚(氯乙烯-甲基乙烯基醚)RAM restricted area molding 窄面模塑RF：resorcinol-formaldehyde resin：甲苯二酚-甲醛树脂RIM：reaction injection molding：反应注射模塑RP：reinforced plastics：增强塑料RTP：reinforced thermoplastics：增强热塑性塑料S/AN：styrene-acryonitrile copolymer：苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物SBS：styrene-butadiene block copolymer：苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物SI：silicone：聚硅氧烷SMC：sheet molding compound：片状模塑料S/MS：styrene-α-methylstyrene copolymer：苯乙烯-α-甲基苯乙烯共聚物TMC：thick molding compound：厚片模塑料TPE：thermoplastic elastomer：热塑性弹性体TPS：toughened polystyrene：韧性聚苯乙烯TPU：thermoplastic urethanes：热塑性聚氨酯TPX：ploymethylpentene：聚-4-甲基-1戊烯VG/E：vinylchloride-ethylene copolymer：聚乙烯-乙烯共聚物VC/E/MA：vinylchloride-ethylene-methylacrylate copolymer：聚乙烯-乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VC/E/VCA：vinylchloride-ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer：氯乙烯-乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物PVDC：Poly(vinylidene chloride)：聚（偏二氯乙烯）PVDF：Poly(vinylidene fluoride)：聚（偏二氟乙烯）PVF：Poly(vinyl fluoride)：聚氟乙烯PVFM：Poly(vinyl formal)：聚乙烯醇缩甲醛PVK：Polyvinylcarbazole：聚乙烯咔唑PVP：Polyvinylpyrrolidone：聚乙烯吡咯烷酮S/MA：Styrene-maleic anhydride plastic：苯乙烯-马来酐塑料SAN：Styrene-acrylonitrile plastic：苯乙烯-丙烯腈塑料SB：Styrene-butadiene plastic：苯乙烯-丁二烯塑料Si：Silicone plastics：有机硅塑料SMS：Styrene/alpha-methylstyrene plastic：苯乙烯-α-甲基苯乙烯塑料SP：Saturated polyester plastic：饱和聚酯塑料SRP：Styrene-rubber plastics：聚苯乙烯橡胶改性塑料TEEE："Thermoplastic Elastomer,Ether-Ester"：醚酯型热塑弹性体TEO："Thermoplastic Elastomer, Olefinic"：聚烯烃热塑弹性体TES："Thermoplastic Elastomer, Styrenic"：苯乙烯热塑性弹性体TPEL：Thermoplastic elastomer：热塑(性)弹性体TPES：Thermoplastic polyester：热塑性聚酯TPUR：Thermoplastic polyurethane：热塑性聚氨酯TSUR：Thermoset polyurethane：热固聚氨酯UF：Urea-formaldehyde resin：脲甲醛树脂UHMWPE：Ultra-high molecular weight PE：超高分子量聚乙烯UP：Unsaturated polyester：不饱和聚酯VCE：Vinyl chloride-ethylene resin：氯乙烯/乙烯树脂VCEV：Vinyl chloride-ethylene-vinyl：氯乙烯/乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物VCMA：Vinyl chloride-methyl acrylate：氯乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VCMMA：Vinyl chloride-methylmethacrylate：氯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VCOA：Vinyl chloride-octyl acrylate resin：氯乙烯/丙烯酸辛酯树脂VCV AC：Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate resin：氯乙烯/醋酸乙烯树脂VCVDC：Vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride：氯乙烯/偏氯乙烯共聚物。

甲醇methanol['mɛθənɔl]MeOHmethyl （甲基）alcohol （醇）['mɪθɪl]['ælkəhɔl]乙醇ethanol EtOHe thyl （乙基）alcohol二氯甲烷methylene dichloride（二氯）CH2Cl2dichloromethanemethylene（亚甲基）chloride（氯化物）dichlormethane三氯甲烷（氯仿）chloroform CHCl3trichloromethane丙酮acetone['æsɪton]H3CCOCH3乙酸acetic（醋）acid（酸）[ə'sitɪk]['æsɪd]乙酸乙酯ethylacetate[ˈɛθəl ˈæsɪˌtet]EA石油醚petroleum（石油）ether（醚）[pə'trolɪəm]['iθɚ] PE乙醚diethyl ether[daɪ'ɛθəl]乙腈acetonitrile[æsɪtoʊ'naɪtrɪl]乙酰丙酮acetylacetone[,æsitil'æsitəun]Diacetone[daɪ'æsɪtoʊn]N,N-二甲基甲酰胺N,N-Dimethylformamide[daɪmeθɪl'fɔ:mæmaɪd] DMF 二甲亚砜dimethylsulfoxide[daɪ,mɛθəlsʌl'fɑksaɪd]DMSO 二甲氧基乙烷DME 三乙胺triethylamine[traɪ,ɛθəl'læmɪn]正己烷hexane[hɛk'sen]四氢呋喃tetrahydrofuran['tɛtrə,haɪdro'fjʊ'ræn] THF 嘧啶pyrimidine[pɪ'rɪmɪdiːn]吡啶pyridine['pɪrɪ,din]苯benzene['bɛnzin]甲苯methylbenzene三氟乙酸Trifluoroacetic Acid盐酸hydrochloric acid浓盐酸concentrated hydrochloric acid稀盐酸diluted hydrochloric acid[daɪ'lutɪd]硝酸nitric acid浓硝酸concentrated nitric acidaquafortis硫酸sulfuric acid[sʌl'fjʊrɪk]浓硫酸concentrated sulfuric acid氢氧化钠sodium hydroxide氨水ammonium hydroxideammonia solution甲基吡咯烷酮N-MethylpyrrolidoneNMPEDCIHOBTHOAThexafluorophosphateoxoanionsGuanidyl胍基Amidine脒常见专业化学词汇：Synthesis（合成）truncated1H NMR spectraacyclic receptorstoichiometric（化学计量）oxidation氧化reduction还原CoulombicrepulisionPrecursor前体significant chemical shift端基end group；terminal group薄层色谱TLC : thin layer chromatography 重结晶Recrystallizationn；recrystallize v 溶解recrystallize重沉淀柱层析分离。

1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团functional group双键double bond三键triple bond烃基hydroxy group琉基mercapto硫轻基sulfhydryl group羰基carbonyl group氨基amino group亚氨基imino group硝基nitro group亚硝基nitroso group氰基cyano group羧基carboxyl group磺基sulpho group烷基alkyl group苯基phenyl group卡基benzyl group芳基aryl group烯基allyl group烷氧基alkoxyl group酰基acyl group活性亚甲基active methylene group2.有机化合物的类型烃hydrocarbon石蜡paraffin脂肪烃aliphatic hydrocarbon烷烃alkane烯烃alkene炔烃alkyne共扼二烯烃conjugated diene脂环烃alicyclic hydrocarbon螺环化合物spiro compound桥环化合物bridged ring compound芳烃aromatic hydrocarbon非苯芳烃nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 稠环芳烃condensed aromatics卤代烃halohydrocarbon醇alcohol酚phenol醚ether环氧化合物epoxide冠醚crown ether硫醇thiol硫酚thiophenol硫醚sulfide二硫化物disulfide亚磺酸sulfinic acid磺酸sulfonic acid 亚砜sulfoxide砜sulfone醛aldehyde酮ketone半缩醛hemiacetaI半缩酮hemiketal缩醛acetal缩酮ketal西佛碱shiff's base肟oxime腙hydrozone缩氨脲semicarbazoneα,β-不饱和酮α,β--unsaturated ketone 醌quinone羧酸carboxylic acid酰卤acid halide酸酐acid anhydride酯ester酰胺amide內酯lactone内酰胺lactam月青nitrile取代酸substituted acid羟基酸hydroxy acid醇酸alcoholic acid酚酸phenolic acid酮酸keto acidB-酮酸酯B-ketone ester乙酰乙酸乙醋ethyl acetoacetate亚硝基化合物nitroso compound硝基化合物njtro compound亚胺imine胺amine伯胺primary amine仲胺secondary amine叔胺tertiary amine季铵盐quaternary ammonium salt季铵碱quaternary ammonium hydroxide 重氮盐diazonium salt偶氮化合物azo compound胍guanidine氨基酸amino acid磷phosphine磷酸酯phosphate亚磷酸酯phosphite膦酸酯phosphonate膦酸phosphonic acid3.杂环化合物吡咯pyrrol呋喃furane噻吩thiophone吲哚indole卟吩porphine咪唑imidazole噻唑thioazole吡啶pyridine喹啉quinoline异喹啉isoquinoline吡喃鎓盐pyrylium salts 黄酮flavone嘧啶pirimidine嘌呤purine4.有机天然产物肽peptide多肽polypeptide核酸nucleic acid核苷nucleoside核苷酸nucleotide生物碱alkaloid碳水化合物carbohydrate单糖monosaccharide醛糖aldoses酮糖ketosesD-核糖ribose D-2-脱氧核糖deoxyribose 葡萄糖glucose果糖fructose糖脎osazone糖苷glucoside低聚糖oligosaccharide 麦芽糖maltose蔗糖sucrose纤维二糖cellobiose环糊精cyclodextrin多糖polysaccharide淀粉starch纤维素cellulose类脂lipid萜类化合物terpenoid甾族化合物steroid脂肪fat油oil脂肪酸fatty acid甘油三羧酸酯triglyceride磷脂phospholipid磷脂酸phosphalidic acid蜡wax5.有机化合物的结构理论价键理论valence-bond theory分子轨道理论molecular orbital theory 共振论resonance theory凯库勒式Kekule formula路易斯式Lewis formulaσ键σ bondπ键π bond键能bond energy键角bond angle键长bond Iength成键轨道bonding orbital反键轨道antibonding orbital最高已占轨道HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital 最低末占轨道LUMO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital 诱导效应inductive effect共轭效应conjugated effectπ,π-共轭π,π- conjugationp,π-共轭p,π- conjugation超共轭作用hyperconjugation离域能delocalization energy共振能resonance energy给电子基团electron donating group吸电子基团electron withdrawing group芳性aromaticity休克尔规律Huckel's rule两性离子Zwitterion6.有机化学中的同分异构异构体isomer构造constitution构型configuration构象conformation构造异构constitutional isomerism立体异构stereo isomerism构型异构configurational isomerism顺反异构cis-trans isomerism次序规则sequence ruIe同侧Zugammen Z异侧Entgegen E顺式cis反式trans对映异构enantiomerism = 光学异构旋光异构optical isomerism旋光性optical activity旋光度optical rotation比旋光度specific rotation对称面plane of symmetry对称中心center of symmetry对称轴axis of symmetry手性chirality手性分子chiral molecules对映异构体，对映体enantiomer 非对映体diastereomer外消旋体raceme左旋体leveisomer右旋体dextroisomer内消旋体mesomer费歇尔投影式Fischer projection相对构型relative configuration绝对构型absolute configurationR -构型R -configurationS -构型S -configuration赤式erythro苏式threo外消旋化racemization拆分resolution光学纯度Optical Purity对映体过量百分数enantiomeric excess立体专一性反应stereospecific reaction 立体选择性反应stereoselective reaction不对称合成asymmetric synthesis构象异构conformational isomerism构象分析conformational analysis锯架式perspective formula 纽曼投影式Newman projection formula椅式chair form船式boat form直立键a键axial bond 平伏键e键equatorial bond互变异构tautomerism酮式keto-form烯醇式enol-form差向异构化epimerization变旋现象mutamerism哈武斯式Haworth form7.有机反应的名称取代反应substitution reaction加成反应addition reaction马尔科夫尼可夫规律Markovnikov rule 共轭加成conjugate addition消去反应elemination reaction查依采夫规律Saytzeff rule霍夫曼规律Hofmann rule硼氢化反应hydroboration催化加氢catalytic hydrogenation 聚合反应polymerization单体monomer聚合物polymer硝化反应nitration卤化反应halogenation磺化反应sulfonation烷基化反应alkylation酰基化反应acylation酯化反应esterification酯交换反应transesterification脱羧反应decarboxylation 氯甲基化反应chloromethylation傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应Friedel-Crafts reaction格利雅反应Grignard reaction 格利雅试剂(格氏试剂) Grignard reagent赖默-梯曼反应Reimer-Tiemann reaction 卤仿反应haloform reaction水解反应hydrolysis reaction醇解反应alcoholysis reaction氨解反应ammonolysisi reaction皂化saponification插烯作用vinylogy缩合condensation克莱森缩合Claisen condensation安息香缩合benzoin condensation羟醛缩合aldol condensation列弗尔马茨基反应Reformatsky reaction迈克尔反应Michael reaction诺文格尔反应Knoevenagel reaction加布里反应Gabriel reaction乙酰乙酸乙酯合成法acetoacetic ester synthesis 丙二酸酯合成法malonic ester synthesis 威廉逊合成法William Son synthesis海森堡试验Hinsberg test重氮化反应diazotization reaction偶联反应coupling reaction脱氨基反应deamination reaction维悌希反应Wittig reaction氧化反应oxidation reaction还原反应reduction reaction周环反应pericyclic reaction环加成反应cycloaddition reaction电环化反应electrocyclic reaction坎尼扎罗反应Cannizzaro reaction齐齐巴宾反应Chichibabin reaction狄尔斯-阿德尔反应Diels-alder reaction斐林试剂Fehling reagent托伦试剂Tollens reagent沃克还原Wolff-Kishner reduction罗森蒙德还原Rosenmund reduction克莱门森还原Clemmenson reduction考普重排Cope rearrangement霍夫曼重排Hofmann rearrangement嚬哪醇重排pinacol rearrangement弗里茨重排Fries rearrangement克莱森重排Claisen rearrangement二烯体diene亲二烯体dienophile分子轨道对称守恒原理conversation of orbital symmetry8.有机反应机理均裂homolytic异裂heterolytic活性中间体active intermediate碳正离子carbocation碳负离子carbanion烯醇负离子enolate anion自由基，游离基free radical卡宾，碳烯carbene氮烯nitrene速度决定步骤rate-determining step哈蒙特假定Hammond postulate能线图energy profile过渡状态transition state邻基参与neighboring group participation动力学控制kinetic control热力学控制thermodynamic control离去基团leaving group底物substrate亲电试剂electrofphile亲核试剂nucleophile亲电加成反应electrophilic addition亲电取代反应electrophilic substitution定位规律orientation rule亲核取代反应nucleophilic substitutionSN2 反应机理SN2 reaction mechanismSN1 反应机理SN1 reaction mechanism瓦尔登转化Walden inversion亲核加成反应nucleophilic addition亲核加成-消去反应nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction 消去反应机理elimination reaction mechanismE1 反应机理E1 reaction mechanismE2 反应机理E2 reaction mechanism反式消去anti elimination重排反应机理rearrangement reaction mechanism 自由基反应free radical reaction链引发chain initation链增长chain propagation链终止chain termination9.有机化合物的光谱红外光谱IR Infrared spectra傅立叶变换Fourier Transform指纹区finger print region吸收频率absorption frequency紫外光谱UV Ultraviolet spectra电子跃迁elctronic transition吸光度absorbance摩尔消光系数molar extinction coefficient发色团chromophore助色团auxochrome核磁共振NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance1HNMR 谱1HNMR spectra13CNMR 谱13CNMR spectra屏蔽效应shielding effect化学位移chemical shift自旋偶合spin-spin coupling自旋裂分spin-spin splitting偶合常数coupling constant质子去偶proton spin decoupling 质子偏共振去偶proton off-resonance decoupling质谱Mass Spectra(MS)电子流轰击election impact (EI)快原子轰击fast atom bombarment (FAB)分子离子峰molecular ion peak同位素峰isotopic peak基峰base peak质荷比(m/z) mass-to-charge ratio10.分子间作用力氢键hydrogen bond色散力dispersion force 范德华力Van Der Waals force 偶极-偶极作用力dipole-dipole interraction force11.物理性质熔点melting point沸点boiling point密度density溶解度solubility偶极矩dipole moment12.有机化合物的酸碱性酸性acidity碱性basicity<HTML>本站材料仅为本院教师与学生教学所用，请勿它用！</HTML>有机化合物编辑[yǒu jīhuàhéwù]有机化合物主要由氢元素、碳元素组成，含碳的化合物，但是不包括一氧化碳、二氧化碳和以碳酸根结尾的物质。

1.TheIdeal-GasEquation理想气体状态方程2.PartialPressures分压3.RealGases:DeviationfromIdealBehavior真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4.ThevanderWaalsEquation范德华方程5.SystemandSurroundings系统与环境6.StateandStateFunctions状态与状态函数7.Process过程8.Phase相9.TheFirstLawofThermodynamics热力学第一定律10.HeatandWork热与功11.EndothermicandExothermicProcesses吸热与发热过程12.EnthalpiesofReactions反应热13.Hess’sLaw盖斯定律14.EnthalpiesofFormation生成焓15.ReactionRates反应速率16.ReactionOrder反应级数17.RateConstants速率常数18.ActivationEnergy活化能19.TheArrheniusEquation阿累尼乌斯方程20.ReactionMechanisms反应机理21.HomogeneousCatalysis均相催化剂22.HeterogeneousCatalysis非均相催化剂23.Enzymes酶24.TheEquilibriumConstant平衡常数25.theDirectionofReaction反应方向26.LeChatelier’sPrinciple列·沙特列原理27.EffectsofV olume,Pressure,TemperatureCha ngesandCatalysts体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28.SpontaneousProcesses自发过程29.EntropyStandardEntropy熵标准熵30.TheSecondLawofThermodynamics热力学第二定律31.EntropyChanges熵变32.StandardFree-EnergyChanges标准自由能变33.Acid酸34.Bases碱35.TheProtoninWater水合质子36.ThepHScalespH值37.TheDissociationofWater水离解38.Proton-TransferReactions质子转移反应39.ConjugateAcid-BasePairs共轭酸碱对40.RelativeStrengthofAcidsandBases酸碱的相对强度41.LewisAcidsandBases路易斯酸碱42.HydrolysisofMetalIons金属离子的水解43.BufferSolutions缓冲溶液44.TheCommon-IonEffects同离子效应45.BufferCapacity缓冲容量46.FormationofComplexIons配离子的形成47.Solubility溶解度48.TheSolubility-ProductConstant溶度积常数49.PrecipitationandseparationofIons离子的沉淀与分离50.SelectivePrecipitationofIons离子的选择沉淀51.Oxidation-ReductionReactions氧化还原反应52.OxidationNumber氧化数53.BalancingOxidation-ReductionEquations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54.Half-Reaction半反应55.GalvaniCell原电池56.V oltaicCell伏特电池57.CellEMF电池电动势58.StandardElectrodePotentials标准电极电势59.OxidizingandReducingAgents氧化剂和还原剂60.TheNernstEquation能斯特方程61.Electrolysis电解62.TheWaveBehaviorofElectrons电子的波动性63.Bohr’sModelofTheHyd rogenAtom氢原子的波尔模型64.LineSpectra线光谱65.QuantumNumbers量子数66.ElectronSpin电子自旋67.AtomicOrbital原子轨道68.Thesp,d,fOrbitalsp，d，f轨道69.Many-ElectronAtoms多电子原子70.EnergiesofOrbital轨道能量71.ThePauliExclusionPrinciple泡林不相容原理72.ElectronConfigurations电子构型73.ThePeriodicTable周期表74.Row行75.Group族76.Isotopes,AtomicNumbers,andMassNumber s同位素，原子数，质量数77.PeriodicPropertiesoftheElements元素的周期律78.RadiusofAtoms原子半径79.IonizationEnergy电离能80.Electronegativity电负性81.EffectiveNuclearCharge有效核电荷82.ElectronAffinities亲电性83.Metals金属84.Nonmetals非金属85.ValenceBondTheory价键理论86.CovalenceBond共价键87.OrbitalOverlap轨道重叠88.MultipleBonds重键89.HybridOrbital杂化轨道90.TheVSEPRModel价层电子对互斥理论91.MolecularGeometries分子空间构型92.MolecularOrbital分子轨道93.DiatomicMolecules双原子分子94.BondLength键长95.BondOrder键级96.BondAngles键角97.BondEnthalpies键能98.BondPolarity键矩99.DipoleMoments偶极矩100.PolarityMolecules极性分子101.PolyatomicMolecules多原子分子102.CrystalStructure晶体结构103.Non-Crystal非晶体104.ClosePackingofSpheres球密堆积105.MetallicSolids金属晶体106.MetallicBond金属键107.Alloys合金108.IonicSolids离子晶体109.Ion-DipoleForces离子偶极力110.MolecularForces分子间力111.IntermolecularForces分子间作用力112.HydrogenBonding氢键113.Covalent-NetworkSolids原子晶体pounds化合物115.TheNomenclature,CompositionandStructu reofComplexes配合物的命名，组成和结构116.Charges,CoordinationNumbers,andGeome tries电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117.Chelates螯合物118.Isomerism异构现象119.StructuralIsomerism结构异构120.Stereoisomerism立体异构121.Magnetism磁性122.ElectronConfigurationsinOctahedralComp lexes八面体构型配合物的电子分布123.TetrahedralandSquare-planarComplexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124.GeneralCharacteristics共性125.s-BlockElementss区元素126.AlkaliMetals碱金属127.AlkalineEarthMetals碱土金属128.Hydrides氢化物129.Oxides氧化物130.PeroxidesandSuperoxides过氧化物和超氧化物131.Hydroxides氢氧化物132.Salts盐133.p-BlockElementsp区元素134.BoronGroupBoron,Aluminium,Gallium,I ndium,Thallium硼族硼，铝，镓，铟，铊135.Borane硼烷136.CarbonGroupCarbon,Silicon,Germanium, Tin,Lead碳族碳，硅，锗，锡，铅137.Graphite,CarbonMonoxide,CarbonDioxid e石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138.CarbonicAcid,CarbonatesandCarbides碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139.OccurrenceandPreparationofSilicon硅的存在和制备140.SilicicAcid，Silicates硅酸，硅酸盐141.NitrogenGroupPhosphorus,Arsenic,Antimony,andBismuth氮族磷，砷，锑，铋142.Ammonia,NitricAcid,PhosphoricAcid氨，硝酸，磷酸143.Phosphorates,phosphorusHalides磷酸盐，卤化磷144.OxygenGroupOxygen,Sulfur,Selenium,an dTellurium氧族元素氧，硫，硒，碲145.Ozone,HydrogenPeroxide臭氧，过氧化氢146.Sulfides硫化物147.HalogensFluorine,Chlorine,Bromine,Iodi ne卤素氟，氯，溴，碘148.Halides,Chloride卤化物，氯化物149.TheNobleGases稀有气体150.Noble-GasCompounds稀有气体化合物151.d-Blockelementsd区元素152.TransitionMetals过渡金属153.PotassiumDichromate重铬酸钾154.PotassiumPermanganate高锰酸钾155.IronCopperZincMercury铁，铜，锌，汞156.f-BlockElementsf区元素nthanides镧系元素158.Radioactivity放射性159.NuclearChemistry核化学160.NuclearFission核裂变161.NuclearFusion核聚变162.analyticalchemistry分析化学163.qualitativeanalysis定性分析164.quantitativeanalysis定量分析165.chemicalanalysis化学分析166.instrumentalanalysis仪器分析167.titrimetry滴定分析168.gravimetricanalysis重量分析法169.regent试剂170.chromatographicanalysis色谱分析171.product产物172.electrochemicalanalysis电化学分析173.on-lineanalysis在线分析174.macroanalysis常量分析175.characteristic表征176.microanalysis微量分析177.deformationanalysis形态分析178.semimicroanalysis半微量分析179.systematicalerror系统误差180.routineanalysis常规分析181.randomerror偶然误差182.arbitrationanalysis仲裁分析183.grosserror过失误差184.normaldistribution正态分布185.accuracy准确度186.deviation偏差187.precision精密度188.relativestandarddeviation相对标准偏差RSD189.coefficientvariation变异系数CV 190.confidencelevel置信水平191.confidenceinterval置信区间192.significanttest显著性检验193.significantfigure有效数字194.standardsolution标准溶液195.titration滴定196.stoichiometricpoint化学计量点197.endpoint滴定终点198.titrationerror滴定误差199.primarystandard基准物质200.amountofsubstance物质的量201.standardization标定202.chemicalreaction化学反应203.concentration浓度204.chemicalequilibrium化学平衡205.titer滴定度206.generalequationforachemicalreaction化学反应的通式207.protontheoryofacid-base酸碱质子理论208.acid-basetitration酸碱滴定法209.dissociationconstant解离常数210.conjugateacid-basepair共轭酸碱对211.aceticacid乙酸212.hydroniumion水合氢离子213.electrolyte电解质214.ion-productconstantofwater水的离子积215.ionization电离216.protoncondition质子平衡217.zerolevel零水准218.buffersolution缓冲溶液219.methylorange甲基橙220.acid-baseindicator酸碱指示剂221.phenolphthalein酚酞222.coordinationcompound配位化合物223.centerion中心离子224.cumulativestabilityconstant累积稳定常数225.alphacoefficient酸效应系数226.overallstabilityconstant总稳定常数227.ligand配位体228.ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid乙二胺四乙酸229.sidereactioncoefficient副反应系数230.coordinationatom配位原子231.coordinationnumber配位数232.lonepairelectron孤对电子233.chelatecompound螯合物234.metalindicator金属指示剂235.chelatingagent螯合剂236.masking掩蔽237.demasking解蔽238.electron电子239.catalysis催化240.oxidation氧化241.catalyst催化剂242.reduction还原243.catalyticreaction催化反应244.reactionrate反应速率245.electrodepotential电极电势246.activationenergy反应的活化能247.redoxcouple氧化还原电对248.potassiumpermanganate高锰酸钾249.iodimetry碘量法250.potassiumdichromate重铬酸钾251.cerimetry铈量法252.redoxindicator氧化还原指示253.oxygenconsuming耗氧量OC254.chemicaloxygendemanded化学需氧量COD255.dissolvedoxygen溶解氧DO256.precipitation沉淀反应257.argentimetry银量法258.heterogeneousequilibriumofions多相离子平衡259.aging陈化260.postprecipitation继沉淀261.coprecipitation共沉淀262.ignition灼烧263.fitration过滤264.decantation倾泻法265.chemicalfactor化学因数266.spectrophotometry分光光度法267.colorimetry比色分析268.transmittance透光率269.absorptivity吸光率270.calibrationcurve校正曲线271.standardcurve标准曲线272.monochromator单色器273.source光源274.wavelengthdispersion色散275.absorptioncell吸收池276.detector检测系统277.bathochromicshift红移278.Molarabsorptivity摩尔吸光系数279.hypochromicshift紫移280.acetylene乙炔281.ethylene乙烯282.acetylatingagent乙酰化剂283.aceticacid乙酸284.adiethylether乙醚285.ethylalcohol乙醇286.acetaldehtde乙醛287.β-dicarbontlcompoundβ–二羰基化合物288.bimolecularelimination双分子消除反应289.bimolecularnucleophilicsubstitution双分子亲核取代反应290.openchaincompound开链族化合物291.molecularorbitaltheory分子轨道理论292.chiralmolecule手性分子293.tautomerism互变异构现象294.reactionmechanism反应历程295.chemicalshift化学位移296.Waldeninversio瓦尔登反转n297.Enantiomorph对映体298.additionreaction加成反应299.dextro-右旋300.levo-左旋301.stereochemistry立体化学302.stereoisomer立体异构体303.Lucasreagent卢卡斯试剂304.covalentbond共价键305.conjugateddiene共轭二烯烃306.conjugateddoublebond共轭双键307.conjugatedsystem共轭体系308.conjugatedeffect共轭效应309.isomer同分异构体310.isomerism同分异构现象anicchemistry有机化学312.hybridization杂化313.hybridorbital杂化轨道314.heterocycliccompound杂环化合物315.peroxideeffect过氧化物效应t 316.valencebondtheory价键理论317.sequencerule次序规则318.electron-attractinggroup吸电子基319.Huckelrule休克尔规则320.Hinsbergtest兴斯堡试验321.infraredspectrum红外光谱322.Michaelreacton麦克尔反应323.halogenatedhydrocarbon卤代烃324.haloformreaction卤仿反应325.systematicnomenclatur系统命名法e 326.Newmanprojection纽曼投影式327.aromaticcompound芳香族化合物328.aromaticcharacter芳香性r329.Claisencondensationreaction克莱森酯缩合反应330.Claisenrearrangement克莱森重排331.Diels-Alderreation狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332.Clemmensenreduction克莱门森还原333.Cannizzaroreaction坎尼扎罗反应334.positionalisomers位置异构体335.unimoleculareliminationreaction单分子消除反应336.unimolecularnucleophilicsubstitution单分子亲核取代反应337.benzene苯338.functionalgrou官能团p339.configuration构型340.conformation构象341.confomationalisome构象异构体342.electrophilicaddition亲电加成343.electrophilicreagent亲电试剂344.nucleophilicaddition亲核加成345.nucleophilicreagent亲核试剂346.nucleophilicsubstitutionreaction亲核取代反应347.activeintermediate活性中间体348.Saytzeffrule查依采夫规则349.cis-transisomerism顺反异构350.inductiveeffect诱导效应t351.Fehling’sreag ent费林试剂352.phasetransfercatalysis相转移催化作用353.aliphaticcompound脂肪族化合物354.eliminationreaction消除反应355.Grignardreagent格利雅试剂356.nuclearmagneticresonance核磁共振357.alkene烯烃358.allylcation烯丙基正离子359.leavinggroup离去基团360.opticalactivity旋光性361.boatconfomation船型构象362.silvermirrorreaction银镜反应363.Fischerprojection菲舍尔投影式364.Kekulestructure凯库勒结构式365.Friedel-Craftsreaction傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366.Ketone酮367.carboxylicacid羧酸368.carboxylicacidderivative羧酸衍生物369.hydroboration硼氢化反应370.bondoength键长371.bondenergy键能372.bondangle键角373.carbohydrate碳水化合物374.carbocation碳正离子375.carbanion碳负离子376.alcohol醇377.Gofmannrule霍夫曼规则378.Aldehyde醛379.Ether醚380.Polymer聚合物。

化学常用词汇汉英对照表Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆氨ammonia氨基酸amino acid铵盐ammonium salt饱和链烃saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯benzene变性denaturation不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon超导材料superconductive material臭氧ozone醇alcohol次氯酸钾potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠sodium acetate蛋白质protein氮族元素nitrogen group element碘化钾potassium iodide碘化钠sodium iodide电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion电解质electrolyte电离平衡ionization equilibrium电子云electron cloud淀粉starch淀粉碘化钾试纸starch potassium iodide paper 二氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化硅silicon dioxide二氧化硫sulphur dioxideIron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍acetate 醋酸盐二氧化锰manganese dioxide芳香烃arene放热反应exothermic reaction非极性分子non-polar molecule非极性键non-polar bond肥皂soap分馏fractional distillation酚phenol复合材料composite干电池dry cell干馏dry distillation甘油glycerol高分子化合物polymer共价键covalent bond官能团functional group光化学烟雾photochemical fog过氧化氢hydrogen peroxide合成材料synthetic material合成纤维synthetic fiber合成橡胶synthetic rubber核电荷数nuclear charge number核素nuclide化学电源chemical power source化学反应速率chemical reaction rate 化学键chemical bond化学平衡chemical equilibrium还原剂reducing agent磺化反应sulfonation reaction霍尔槽Hull Cell极性分子polar molecule极性键polar bond加成反应addition reaction加聚反应addition polymerization甲烷methane碱金属alkali metal碱石灰soda lime结构式structural formula聚合反应po1ymerization可逆反应reversible reaction空气污染指数air pollution index勒夏特列原理Le Chatelier's principle 离子反应ionic reaction离子方程式ionic equation离子键ionic bondmethane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的锂电池lithium cell两性氢氧化物amphoteric hydroxide两性氧化物amphoteric oxide裂化cracking裂解pyrolysis硫氰化钾potassium thiocyanate硫酸钠sodium sulphide氯化铵ammonium chloride氯化钡barium chloride氯化钾potassium chloride氯化铝aluminium chloride氯化镁magnesium chloride氯化氢hydrogen chloride氯化铁iron (III) chloride氯水chlorine water麦芽糖maltose煤coal酶enzyme摩尔mole摩尔质量molar mass品红magenta或fuchsine葡萄糖glucose气体摩尔体积molar volume of gas铅蓄电池lead storage battery强电解质strong electrolyte氢氟酸hydrogen chloride氢氧化铝aluminium hydroxide取代反应substitution reaction醛aldehyde炔烃alkyne燃料电池fuel cell弱电解质weak electrolyte石油Petroleum水解反应hydrolysis reaction四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride塑料plastic塑料的降解plastic degradation塑料的老化plastic ageing酸碱中和滴定acid-base neutralization titration 酸雨acid rain羧酸carboxylic acid碳酸钠sodium carbonate碳酸氢铵ammonium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠sodium bicarbonateelectrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐糖类carbohydrate烃hydrocarbon烃的衍生物derivative of hydrocarbon烃基hydrocarbonyl同分异构体isomer同素异形体allotrope同位素isotope同系物homo1og涂料coating烷烃alkane物质的量amount of substance物质的量浓度amount-of-substance concentration of B烯烃alkene洗涤剂detergent纤维素cellulose相对分子质量relative molecular mass相对原子质量relative atomic mass消去反应elimination reaction硝化反应nitratlon reaction硝酸钡barium nitrate硝酸银silver nitrate溴的四氯化碳溶液solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride溴化钠sodium bromide溴水bromine water溴水bromine water盐类的水解hydrolysis of salts盐析salting-out焰色反应flame test氧化剂oxidizing agent氧化铝aluminium oxide氧化铁iron (III) oxide乙醇ethanol乙醛ethana1乙炔ethyne乙酸ethanoic acid乙酸乙酯ethyl acetate乙烯ethene银镜反应silver mirror reaction硬脂酸stearic acid油脂oils and fats有机化合物organic compound元素周期表periodic table of elements族group（主族：main group）Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子量元素周期律periodic law of elements原电池primary battery原子序数atomic number皂化反应saponification粘合剂adhesive蔗糖sucrose指示剂Indicator酯ester酯化反应esterification周期periodpipette 吸液管filter 滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质molecule 分子↑返。

1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团 functional group双键 double bond三键 triple bond烃基 hydroxy group琉基 mercapto硫轻基 sulfhydryl group羰基 carbonyl group氨基 amino group亚氨基 imino group硝基 nitro group亚硝基 nitroso group氰基 cyano group羧基 carboxyl group磺基 sulpho group烷基 alkyl group苯基 phenyl group卡基 benzyl group芳基 aryl group烯基 allyl group烷氧基 alkoxyl group酰基 acyl group活性亚甲基 active methylene group2.有机化合物的类型烃 hydrocarbon石蜡 paraffin脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon烷烃 alkane烯烃 alkene炔烃 alkyne共扼二烯烃 conjugated diene脂环烃 alicyclic hydrocarbon螺环化合物 spiro compound桥环化合物 bridged ring compound芳烃 aromatic hydrocarbon非苯芳烃 nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 稠环芳烃 condensed aromatics卤代烃 halohydrocarbon醇 alcohol酚 phenol醚 ether环氧化合物 epoxide冠醚 crown ether硫醇 thiol硫酚 thiophenol硫醚 sulfide二硫化物 disulfide亚磺酸 sulfinic acid磺酸 sulfonic acid亚砜 sulfoxide砜 sulfone醛 aldehyde酮 ketone半缩醛 hemiacetaI半缩酮 hemiketal缩醛 acetal缩酮 ketal西佛碱 shiff's base肟 oxime腙 hydrozone缩氨脲 semicarbazoneα,β-不饱和酮α，β——unsaturated ketone 醌 quinone羧酸 carboxylic acid酰卤 acid halide酸酐 acid anhydride酯 ester酰胺 amide內酯 lactone内酰胺 lactam月青 nitrile取代酸 substituted acid羟基酸 hydroxy acid醇酸 alcoholic acid酚酸 phenolic acid酮酸 keto acidB-酮酸酯 B-ketone ester乙酰乙酸乙醋 ethyl acetoacetate亚硝基化合物 nitroso compound硝基化合物 njtro compound亚胺 imine胺 amine伯胺 primary amine仲胺 secondary amine叔胺 tertiary amine季铵盐 quaternary ammonium salt季铵碱 quaternary ammonium hydroxide 重氮盐 diazonium salt偶氮化合物 azo compound胍 guanidine氨基酸 amino acid磷 phosphine磷酸酯 phosphate亚磷酸酯 phosphite膦酸酯 phosphonate膦酸 phosphonic acid3。

化工术语中英文对照在化工领域中，有许多术语用来描述不同的化学过程、化学物质和实验设备。

这些术语通常使用中文和英文两种语言来表达，因此熟悉化工术语的中英文对照是非常重要的。

本文将介绍一些常见的化工术语，并提供它们的中英文对照。

1. 化学过程术语1.1 氧化（Oxidation）•中文：氧化•英文：Oxidation1.2 还原（Reduction）•中文：还原•英文：Reduction1.3 反应（Reaction）•中文：反应•英文：Reaction1.4 反应速率（Reaction Rate）•中文：反应速率•英文：Reaction Rate1.5 氧化反应（Oxidation Reaction）•中文：氧化反应•英文：Oxidation Reaction1.6 还原反应（Reduction Reaction）•中文：还原反应•英文：Reduction Reaction1.7 酸碱中和反应（Neutralization Reaction）•中文：酸碱中和反应•英文：Neutralization Reaction 2. 化学物质术语2.1 水（Water）•中文：水•英文：Water2.2 盐（Salt）•中文：盐•英文：Salt2.3 酸（Acid）•中文：酸•英文：Acid 2.4 碱（Alkali）•中文：碱•英文：Alkali 2.5 溶液（Solution）•中文：溶液•英文：Solution2.6 离子（Ion）•中文：离子•英文：Ion2.7 分子（Molecule）•中文：分子•英文：Molecule 2.8 化合物（Compound）•中文：化合物•英文：Compound3. 实验设备术语3.1 烧杯（Beaker）•中文：烧杯•英文：Beaker3.2 镊子（Tweezers）•中文：镊子•英文：Tweezers3.3 温度计（Thermometer）•中文：温度计•英文：Thermometer 3.4 试管（Test Tube）•中文：试管•英文：Test Tube3.5 漏斗（Funnel）•中文：漏斗•英文：Funnel3.6 量筒（Graduated Cylinder）•中文：量筒•英文：Graduated Cylinder 3.7 手套（Gloves）•中文：手套•英文：Gloves3.8 磁力搅拌器（Magnetic Stirrer）•中文：磁力搅拌器•英文：Magnetic Stirrer结论掌握化工术语的中英文对照对于理解化工过程、交流和学习非常重要。

1.TheIdeal-GasEquation理想气体状态方程2.PartialPressures分压3.RealGases:DeviationfromIdealBehavior真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4.ThevanderWaalsEquation范德华方程5.SystemandSurroundings系统与环境6.StateandStateFunctions状态与状态函数7.Process过程8.Phase相9.TheFirstLawofThermodynamics热力学第一定律10.HeatandWork热与功11.EndothermicandExothermicProcesses吸热与发热过程12.EnthalpiesofReactions反应热13.Hess’sLaw盖斯定律14.EnthalpiesofFormation生成焓15.ReactionRates反应速率16.ReactionOrder反应级数17.RateConstants速率常数18.ActivationEnergy活化能19.TheArrheniusEquation阿累尼乌斯方程20.ReactionMechanisms反应机理21.HomogeneousCatalysis均相催化剂22.HeterogeneousCatalysis非均相催化剂23.Enzymes酶24.TheEquilibriumConstant平衡常数25.theDirectionofReaction反应方向26.LeChatelier’sPrinciple列·沙特列原理27.EffectsofV olume,Pressure,TemperatureCha ngesandCatalysts体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28.SpontaneousProcesses自发过程29.EntropyStandardEntropy熵标准熵30.TheSecondLawofThermodynamics热力学第二定律31.EntropyChanges熵变32.StandardFree-EnergyChanges标准自由能变33.Acid酸34.Bases碱35.TheProtoninWater水合质子36.ThepHScalespH值37.TheDissociationofWater水离解38.Proton-TransferReactions质子转移反应39.ConjugateAcid-BasePairs共轭酸碱对40.RelativeStrengthofAcidsandBases酸碱的相对强度41.LewisAcidsandBases路易斯酸碱42.HydrolysisofMetalIons金属离子的水解43.BufferSolutions缓冲溶液44.TheCommon-IonEffects同离子效应45.BufferCapacity缓冲容量46.FormationofComplexIons配离子的形成47.Solubility溶解度48.TheSolubility-ProductConstant溶度积常数49.PrecipitationandseparationofIons离子的沉淀与分离50.SelectivePrecipitationofIons离子的选择沉淀51.Oxidation-ReductionReactions氧化还原反应52.OxidationNumber氧化数53.BalancingOxidation-ReductionEquations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54.Half-Reaction半反应55.GalvaniCell原电池56.V oltaicCell伏特电池57.CellEMF电池电动势58.StandardElectrodePotentials标准电极电势59.OxidizingandReducingAgents氧化剂和还原剂60.TheNernstEquation能斯特方程61.Electrolysis电解62.TheWaveBehaviorofElectrons电子的波动性63.Bohr’sModelofTheHyd rogenAtom氢原子的波尔模型64.LineSpectra线光谱65.QuantumNumbers量子数66.ElectronSpin电子自旋67.AtomicOrbital原子轨道68.Thesp,d,fOrbitalsp，d，f轨道69.Many-ElectronAtoms多电子原子70.EnergiesofOrbital轨道能量71.ThePauliExclusionPrinciple泡林不相容原理72.ElectronConfigurations电子构型73.ThePeriodicTable周期表74.Row行75.Group族76.Isotopes,AtomicNumbers,andMassNumber s同位素，原子数，质量数77.PeriodicPropertiesoftheElements元素的周期律78.RadiusofAtoms原子半径79.IonizationEnergy电离能80.Electronegativity电负性81.EffectiveNuclearCharge有效核电荷82.ElectronAffinities亲电性83.Metals金属84.Nonmetals非金属85.ValenceBondTheory价键理论86.CovalenceBond共价键87.OrbitalOverlap轨道重叠88.MultipleBonds重键89.HybridOrbital杂化轨道90.TheVSEPRModel价层电子对互斥理论91.MolecularGeometries分子空间构型92.MolecularOrbital分子轨道93.DiatomicMolecules双原子分子94.BondLength键长95.BondOrder键级96.BondAngles键角97.BondEnthalpies键能98.BondPolarity键矩99.DipoleMoments偶极矩100.PolarityMolecules极性分子101.PolyatomicMolecules多原子分子102.CrystalStructure晶体结构103.Non-Crystal非晶体104.ClosePackingofSpheres球密堆积105.MetallicSolids金属晶体106.MetallicBond金属键107.Alloys合金108.IonicSolids离子晶体109.Ion-DipoleForces离子偶极力110.MolecularForces分子间力111.IntermolecularForces分子间作用力112.HydrogenBonding氢键113.Covalent-NetworkSolids原子晶体pounds化合物115.TheNomenclature,CompositionandStructu reofComplexes配合物的命名，组成和结构116.Charges,CoordinationNumbers,andGeome tries电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117.Chelates螯合物118.Isomerism异构现象119.StructuralIsomerism结构异构120.Stereoisomerism立体异构121.Magnetism磁性122.ElectronConfigurationsinOctahedralComp lexes八面体构型配合物的电子分布123.TetrahedralandSquare-planarComplexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124.GeneralCharacteristics共性125.s-BlockElementss区元素126.AlkaliMetals碱金属127.AlkalineEarthMetals碱土金属128.Hydrides氢化物129.Oxides氧化物130.PeroxidesandSuperoxides过氧化物和超氧化物131.Hydroxides氢氧化物132.Salts盐133.p-BlockElementsp区元素134.BoronGroupBoron,Aluminium,Gallium,I ndium,Thallium硼族硼，铝，镓，铟，铊135.Borane硼烷136.CarbonGroupCarbon,Silicon,Germanium, Tin,Lead碳族碳，硅，锗，锡，铅137.Graphite,CarbonMonoxide,CarbonDioxid e石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138.CarbonicAcid,CarbonatesandCarbides碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139.OccurrenceandPreparationofSilicon硅的存在和制备140.SilicicAcid，Silicates硅酸，硅酸盐141.NitrogenGroupPhosphorus,Arsenic,Antimony,andBismuth氮族磷，砷，锑，铋142.Ammonia,NitricAcid,PhosphoricAcid氨，硝酸，磷酸143.Phosphorates,phosphorusHalides磷酸盐，卤化磷144.OxygenGroupOxygen,Sulfur,Selenium,an dTellurium氧族元素氧，硫，硒，碲145.Ozone,HydrogenPeroxide臭氧，过氧化氢146.Sulfides硫化物147.HalogensFluorine,Chlorine,Bromine,Iodi ne卤素氟，氯，溴，碘148.Halides,Chloride卤化物，氯化物149.TheNobleGases稀有气体150.Noble-GasCompounds稀有气体化合物151.d-Blockelementsd区元素152.TransitionMetals过渡金属153.PotassiumDichromate重铬酸钾154.PotassiumPermanganate高锰酸钾155.IronCopperZincMercury铁，铜，锌，汞156.f-BlockElementsf区元素nthanides镧系元素158.Radioactivity放射性159.NuclearChemistry核化学160.NuclearFission核裂变161.NuclearFusion核聚变162.analyticalchemistry分析化学163.qualitativeanalysis定性分析164.quantitativeanalysis定量分析165.chemicalanalysis化学分析166.instrumentalanalysis仪器分析167.titrimetry滴定分析168.gravimetricanalysis重量分析法169.regent试剂170.chromatographicanalysis色谱分析171.product产物172.electrochemicalanalysis电化学分析173.on-lineanalysis在线分析174.macroanalysis常量分析175.characteristic表征176.microanalysis微量分析177.deformationanalysis形态分析178.semimicroanalysis半微量分析179.systematicalerror系统误差180.routineanalysis常规分析181.randomerror偶然误差182.arbitrationanalysis仲裁分析183.grosserror过失误差184.normaldistribution正态分布185.accuracy准确度186.deviation偏差187.precision精密度188.relativestandarddeviation相对标准偏差RSD189.coefficientvariation变异系数CV 190.confidencelevel置信水平191.confidenceinterval置信区间192.significanttest显著性检验193.significantfigure有效数字194.standardsolution标准溶液195.titration滴定196.stoichiometricpoint化学计量点197.endpoint滴定终点198.titrationerror滴定误差199.primarystandard基准物质200.amountofsubstance物质的量201.standardization标定202.chemicalreaction化学反应203.concentration浓度204.chemicalequilibrium化学平衡205.titer滴定度206.generalequationforachemicalreaction化学反应的通式207.protontheoryofacid-base酸碱质子理论208.acid-basetitration酸碱滴定法209.dissociationconstant解离常数210.conjugateacid-basepair共轭酸碱对211.aceticacid乙酸212.hydroniumion水合氢离子213.electrolyte电解质214.ion-productconstantofwater水的离子积215.ionization电离216.protoncondition质子平衡217.zerolevel零水准218.buffersolution缓冲溶液219.methylorange甲基橙220.acid-baseindicator酸碱指示剂221.phenolphthalein酚酞222.coordinationcompound配位化合物223.centerion中心离子224.cumulativestabilityconstant累积稳定常数225.alphacoefficient酸效应系数226.overallstabilityconstant总稳定常数227.ligand配位体228.ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid乙二胺四乙酸229.sidereactioncoefficient副反应系数230.coordinationatom配位原子231.coordinationnumber配位数232.lonepairelectron孤对电子233.chelatecompound螯合物234.metalindicator金属指示剂235.chelatingagent螯合剂236.masking掩蔽237.demasking解蔽238.electron电子239.catalysis催化240.oxidation氧化241.catalyst催化剂242.reduction还原243.catalyticreaction催化反应244.reactionrate反应速率245.electrodepotential电极电势246.activationenergy反应的活化能247.redoxcouple氧化还原电对248.potassiumpermanganate高锰酸钾249.iodimetry碘量法250.potassiumdichromate重铬酸钾251.cerimetry铈量法252.redoxindicator氧化还原指示253.oxygenconsuming耗氧量OC254.chemicaloxygendemanded化学需氧量COD255.dissolvedoxygen溶解氧DO256.precipitation沉淀反应257.argentimetry银量法258.heterogeneousequilibriumofions多相离子平衡259.aging陈化260.postprecipitation继沉淀261.coprecipitation共沉淀262.ignition灼烧263.fitration过滤264.decantation倾泻法265.chemicalfactor化学因数266.spectrophotometry分光光度法267.colorimetry比色分析268.transmittance透光率269.absorptivity吸光率270.calibrationcurve校正曲线271.standardcurve标准曲线272.monochromator单色器273.source光源274.wavelengthdispersion色散275.absorptioncell吸收池276.detector检测系统277.bathochromicshift红移278.Molarabsorptivity摩尔吸光系数279.hypochromicshift紫移280.acetylene乙炔281.ethylene乙烯282.acetylatingagent乙酰化剂283.aceticacid乙酸284.adiethylether乙醚285.ethylalcohol乙醇286.acetaldehtde乙醛287.β-dicarbontlcompoundβ–二羰基化合物288.bimolecularelimination双分子消除反应289.bimolecularnucleophilicsubstitution双分子亲核取代反应290.openchaincompound开链族化合物291.molecularorbitaltheory分子轨道理论292.chiralmolecule手性分子293.tautomerism互变异构现象294.reactionmechanism反应历程295.chemicalshift化学位移296.Waldeninversio瓦尔登反转n297.Enantiomorph对映体298.additionreaction加成反应299.dextro-右旋300.levo-左旋301.stereochemistry立体化学302.stereoisomer立体异构体303.Lucasreagent卢卡斯试剂304.covalentbond共价键305.conjugateddiene共轭二烯烃306.conjugateddoublebond共轭双键307.conjugatedsystem共轭体系308.conjugatedeffect共轭效应309.isomer同分异构体310.isomerism同分异构现象anicchemistry有机化学312.hybridization杂化313.hybridorbital杂化轨道314.heterocycliccompound杂环化合物315.peroxideeffect过氧化物效应t 316.valencebondtheory价键理论317.sequencerule次序规则318.electron-attractinggroup吸电子基319.Huckelrule休克尔规则320.Hinsbergtest兴斯堡试验321.infraredspectrum红外光谱322.Michaelreacton麦克尔反应323.halogenatedhydrocarbon卤代烃324.haloformreaction卤仿反应325.systematicnomenclatur系统命名法e 326.Newmanprojection纽曼投影式327.aromaticcompound芳香族化合物328.aromaticcharacter芳香性r329.Claisencondensationreaction克莱森酯缩合反应330.Claisenrearrangement克莱森重排331.Diels-Alderreation狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332.Clemmensenreduction克莱门森还原333.Cannizzaroreaction坎尼扎罗反应334.positionalisomers位置异构体335.unimoleculareliminationreaction单分子消除反应336.unimolecularnucleophilicsubstitution单分子亲核取代反应337.benzene苯338.functionalgrou官能团p339.configuration构型340.conformation构象341.confomationalisome构象异构体342.electrophilicaddition亲电加成343.electrophilicreagent亲电试剂344.nucleophilicaddition亲核加成345.nucleophilicreagent亲核试剂346.nucleophilicsubstitutionreaction亲核取代反应347.activeintermediate活性中间体348.Saytzeffrule查依采夫规则349.cis-transisomerism顺反异构350.inductiveeffect诱导效应t351.Fehling’sreag ent费林试剂352.phasetransfercatalysis相转移催化作用353.aliphaticcompound脂肪族化合物354.eliminationreaction消除反应355.Grignardreagent格利雅试剂356.nuclearmagneticresonance核磁共振357.alkene烯烃358.allylcation烯丙基正离子359.leavinggroup离去基团360.opticalactivity旋光性361.boatconfomation船型构象362.silvermirrorreaction银镜反应363.Fischerprojection菲舍尔投影式364.Kekulestructure凯库勒结构式365.Friedel-Craftsreaction傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366.Ketone酮367.carboxylicacid羧酸368.carboxylicacidderivative羧酸衍生物369.hydroboration硼氢化反应370.bondoength键长371.bondenergy键能372.bondangle键角373.carbohydrate碳水化合物374.carbocation碳正离子375.carbanion碳负离子376.alcohol醇377.Gofmannrule霍夫曼规则378.Aldehyde醛379.Ether醚380.Polymer聚合物。

aacetate 乙酸盐active;activity 活性；活度atomic 原子的atto[希腊字头]a；A acid 酸Aacceleration 加速ampere 安培[电]aniline 苯胺[促进剂]area of cross-sectn 横断面积aromaticoil 芳香族油ngstrom 埃[长度单位]A°absolute temperature 绝对温度atomk weight 原子量AAaceto-aldehyde ammonia 乙醛氨[促进剂]Adhesive Age 粘合剂时代[期刊名]A. A． acrylic amide 丙烯酰胺[促进剂]after aging 老化后Akron abrasion loss 阿克隆磨耗量A．A．N． aldol-a-naphthylamine 乙醛醇—a—萘胺[防老剂] A．A．R．alkyl aryl recinoleate 蓖麻酸烷基芳基酯[增塑剂] A.A.S．alkyl aryl sulphonate 磺酸烷基芳基酯[湿润剂] A．A．T．C．C．American AssociationofTextleChemists and Colorists 美国纺织染化工作者协会Ab． abrasion 磨耗abrasion loss 磨耗减量abrasion resistance 耐磨耗性能AB rubber acrylonitrile-butadienerubber 丁腈橡胶AB ammonium benzoate 苯酸铵[硫化剂]abnml abnormal 反常的；异常的abr．abraded 磨损的abrided;abridg(e)ment 节略的；摘要ABRacrylonitrile-butadiene rubber 丁腈橡胶abs．absolute 绝对的bsorption 吸收ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(rubber)丙烯腈丁苯橡胶ac． acid 酸active；activity 活性；活度a．c.；A．C．alternating current 交流[电]Ac． accelerator 促进剂acetyl 乙酰(基)acyl 酰基ACair-cooled 空气冷却的A．C．rubber anti-crystalizing rubber 不结晶橡胶ac.a.;AC．A． acetic acld 乙酸acc． accelerator 促进剂ACC activated calciumcarbonate 活性碳酸钙merican Cyanamide Co．美国氰胺公司acet;ACETacetylene black 乙炔炭黑AcH acetaldehyde 乙醛A．Ch．S．American Chemical Society 美国化学学会acid．acidification; acidified;acidify 酸化；酸化了的；酸化ACM ethyl acrylate and2-chloroethyl vinyl ether co-polymer丙烯酸乙酯和2—氯乙基·乙烯醚共聚物ACNacrylonitrile 丙烯腈AcOHacetic acid 乙酸ACS；A．C．S． American Chemical Society 美国化学学会ASC-I American Chemical Society NO．1 test recip 美国化学学会第一号配方[例行试验纯胶配方]ASC-ⅡAmerican Chemical Society No．2 test recxpe美国化学学会第二号配方[野生橡胶]act．active;activity 活性；活度Act． activator 活性剂activ．activated 活性的ad；AD air-dried；air-dry 风干了的；风干addl;addnladditional 附加的addn-(1) addition(al)加入；加合；加成；附加的adjadjacent 邻接；相邻的AD／L acetone diphenylamine condensate 丙酮二苯胺缩合物ADPautomatic data processing(equipment)自动记录操作(设备)A．D．P． amyl decyl phthalate 酞酸戊基癸酯[增塑剂]ADS；A．D．S．air dried sheet 风干胶片ADV tire animal drawn vehicle tire 兽力车胎；马车胎A．E. acetone extract 丙酮抽出物AFICAssociation Francaisedes Ingenieurs duCaouthouc．法国橡胶工程师学会ag．agglomerating；agglomeration 附聚作用agg.aggregate 聚集体agst．；agt against 对；与……相比Agt agent 剂；药剂a-h ampere-hour 安培小时a.h．m．ampere-hour-meter 电量计AIBNazo-bis-isobutyronitrile 偶氮双异丁腈[聚合引发剂]A.I．C American Institute of Chemists 美国化学师学会A．I．Ch．E．American Institute of Chemical Engineers 美国化学工程师学会Al;AL alum 明矾alc. alcohol；alcoholic 醇；酒精；醇的ALC；alcethyl alcohol 乙醇；酒精aldaldehyde 乙醛alk alkali；alkaline 碱；碱性alkyl 烷基alky alkalinity 碱性ALS-HAF activelow structure high-abasion furnace 活性低结构高耐磨炉黑Al-Ti aluminium tri-iso-butyl-titanium tetrachloride三异丁基钛四氯化铝[催化剂]am；Amammonium 铵amyl 戊基Am-MonAmerican Monomer Corporation 美国单体公司ammon． ammoniacal 氨的amor． amorphous 无定形amp．；amps ampere(s)安培a，m．p．average melting point 平均熔点Am．Std．American Standards 美国标准An antioxidant 防老剂normal atmosphere 常压AN 见ACNanal．analogy;analogous 同属；类似；类似的ahalysis；analytical 分析；分析的anh；anhyd anhydride 酐nhydrous 无水的NM etbylorbutylacrylateandacrylonitrile co-polymer 乙基或丁基丙烯酸和丙烯腈共聚物ann．annealed 退火的；二次加热的an．pt． aniline point 苯胺点A．O．antioxidant 防老剂a. p．aniline point 苯胺点APair pressure 空气压力；气压ll-purpose 通用的A．P．American Patent 美国专利APF all—purposefurnace black 通用炉黑assured processibility factor 安全操作系数APHA American Public Health Association 美国公共卫生协会app．apparatus 装置；设备；仪器APP atactic polypropylene 无规立构聚丙烯aq.water；aqueous 水；含水的AQLacceptable quality level 合格标准；正品标准aq. reg． aqua regla 王水aq．sol．aqueous solution 水溶液ar．aromatic 芳族的；芳香的ar．；Ar． aryl(radical)芳基AR analytical reagent 分析纯试剂applied research 应用研究A.R． aromatic ring 芳族环as received 原(试)样as.asymmetric 不对称的ASAAmerican Standards Association 美国标准协会ASAAalkenyl succinicacldanhydride 链烯基丁二醛[增塑剂]asb． asbestos 石棉SPalkylsulfonate ofmixed phenols 混合苯酚的烷基磺化物SRCAmericanSyntheticRubberCorporation 美国合成橡胶公司asmt assortment 品种；品级；分级Assn．；Assoc(n) Association 协会；学会ASTM AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials 美国材料试验学会at． atomic 原子的atmospheric 大气的a．t.acid treatment 酸处理Atair temperature(空)气温(度)air-tight 气密的ATF fluid anti-freeze fluid 防冻液atm．atmosphere(puessure)；atmospheric 大气(压)；大气的at．no．；At．No．atomic number 原子序数ATR attenuated total reflectance 衰减全反射at．wt．atomic weight 原子量au；a．u．；A．U． Angstrom unit 埃(单位)[＝10！-7mm]AUpolyester type of urethane rubber 聚酯型聚氨酯胶University of Akron 阿克隆大学[美]aux．auxiliary 辅助的；附属的av．；ave,；avg．average 平均avoirdupois 英国常衡制A，V．apparent viscosity 表观粘度apparent volume 表观容积A．V．mountinganti-vibration mounting 防振器；橡胶弹簧avdp． avoirdupois 英国常衡制ave．；avg．average 平均AVROSAlgemeeneVerenigingvanRubberplantersterOostkust van Sumatra 苏门答腊东海岸橡胶栽培者协会a．w． atomic weight 原手量Awg；AWG Amerrican wire gauge 美国线规AZBNazo-isobutyronitrile 偶氮异丁腈[发泡剂]AZDNazo-isobutyric dinitrile 偶氮异丁二腈[发泡剂]b． boiUn8 point 沸点boils at…；boiling at…在……温度下沸腾B battery 蓄电池breadth;broad 宽度；宽degree Baume 波美度Bablowing agent 发泡剂BA boric acid 硼酸butylaldhyde-aniline condensate 丁醛苯胺缩合物[促进剂]polybutycrylate 聚丙烯酸丁酯[粘合剂]B/A butadiene-acrylonitrile 丁腈(橡胶)B．A．before aging 老化前BAIbrine-alum 盐水明矾BARbutyl acetyl ricinoleate 蓖酸丁基乙酰酯[增塑剂]B．A．S．British Association Standars 英国标准协会BB benzidine 联苯胺[硫剂]B-Bbutane-butylene 丁烷丁烯BBPbutyl benzyl phthalate 酞甲酸丁苄酯[增塑剂] B．B．S．A．T．R．A．British Boot,Shoe and Allied Trande Research Association 国靴业研究协会BCFbutyl carbitol formal 丁基卡必醇甲醛[增塑剂]BCLbutoxyethyl laurate 月桂酸丁氧乙酯[增塑剂]B．C．R．P．M．ABritish Cellular Rubber and Plastics Manufactures’ Association 英国泡沫橡胶塑料业协会b．d．bone dry 干透b．d．;BD bulk density 体积密度BD;BDbutadiene 丁二烯BD 1,4-butanediol1，4-丁二醇[聚氨酯胶增量剂]butanediol dicaprylate 二辛酸丁二醇酯[增塑剂]/D tire bull-dozer tire 推土机轮胎BD/ANbutaiene-acrylonitrile rubber 丁腈橡胶BDMDCbismuth dimethylthiocarbamate 二甲基硫代氨基甲酸铋[促进剂]Bd．Sty. bound styrene 结合苯乙烯B/E beaded-edge(tire)软边胎；牙子胎BESA British Engieering Stsndards Association 英国工程标准协会B-E-T Brunauer-Emett-Teller methodofnitrogenadsorptionat low temperature 低温氮吸附法BFGB. F．Goodrich Tire Co．古特里奇轮胎公司BHTburylatedhydroxy toluene 丁基化羟基甲苯[防老剂]BiDMD 见BDMDCBIDPbutyliso-decyl phthalate 酞酸丁基异癸基酯[增塑剂]bis(m-p)PD N，N'-bis-(l-methyl-heptyl)-p-phenylene diamineN，N'-双(-I-甲基庚基)对苯二胺[防老剂]B．I．T． black incorporation time 炭黑混入时间BlEreaction product of acetoneanddiphenylamine丙酮和二苯胺反应产物[防老剂]BLIC Bureau de Liaison des Industries du Caoutchouc法国橡胶工业协会BLPbutyl lauryl phthalate 酞酸丁基月桂基酯[增塑剂]bltbelt 胶带BM black masterbatch[1]炭黑母炼胶[2]炭黑共沉胶BMApolybutylmethacrylate 聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯[粘合剂]BMCBritish Motor Corporation 英国汽车公司B—Nbeta-naphthole β—萘酚BNS butyl naphthalene sulfonate 磺化丁基萘[止链剂]BObutyl oleate 油酸丁酯[增塑剂]BOM；B．O．M． Bag-O-Matic B 式自动外胎定型硫化机BOPbutyl octyl phthalate 酞酸丁基辛酯[增塑剂]bpby-product 副产物；副产品bp；b．p．；B．P． boiling point 沸点BP 见BPO[硫化剂]B．P．；Br．P．British Patent 英国专利ronze plated 镀铜的BPBCbutyl phthalyl butyl glycollate 丁醇酸丁基邻苯二酰丁酯[增塑剂]BPDblend of p-phenylene diamine 对苯二胺混合物[防老剂]BPFBritish Plastics Federation 英国塑料同业联合会BPI Banbury Processibillity Index 密炼工艺指数BPIC t-butyl peroxyisopropylcarbonate 特丁基过氧异丙基碳酸酯[硫化剂] BPObenzoyl perexide 过氧化苯酰[硫化剂]B．P．P．K．Balai Penjelidikan dan Pemakaian Karet 印尼橡胶研究所bpt boiling point 沸点B. Q. D.;BQNp-(benzo) quinone dioxime 对(苯)醌二肟[硫化剂]br. brand 商标；牌号b. r.; B.R. boiling range 沸程BRbutadiene rubber 聚丁二烯橡胶BR; BRA butyl ricinoleate 蓖麻酸丁酯[增塑剂]BRC bound rubber content 结合橡胶含量brdbraid 编织B. R. D.B.British Rubber Development Board 英国橡胶发展委员会B. R. P. R.A.; British RubberProducers ResearchAssociation 英国橡胶生产者研究协BRPRA 丁二烯砜BSbotadiene sulphone 线规BS; B & S; BsgBrown and Sharpe wire gage 丁苯(橡胶)B/Sbutadiene-styrene 英国标准B, S. British Standards 标准局[美国]Bureau of Standards 硬脂酸丁酯[增塑剂]butyl stearate 英国标隹硬度B. S.D. hardness British Standard Durometer hardness 英国标准硬度BSHbenzene sulfonyl hydrazide 苯磺酰阱[发泡剂]British Standard Hardness 英国标准硬度B. S.I. British Standard Institute 英国标准学会BSK (BCK)= SBR 丁苯橡胶[苏联]BSPBritish Standard Pipe Thread 英国标准管螺纹BSSBritish Standard Sieve 英园标准筛British Standard Specification 英国标准规格BSW black sidewall 黑胎侧BSWG British Standard Wire Gauge 英国标准线规BTDSbenzothiazyl disulfide 二硫化苯基噻唑[促进剂]B. Th. U.British thermal unit 英热量单位B. T.R.British Tyre and Rubber Co., Ltd.英国转胎橡胶公司BTR elastomerbroad temperaturerange elastomer 广温度范围橡胶B. tu.; B. T. U.British thermal unit 英热量单位bu.; Bu butyl 丁基Bubutadiene 丁二烯bu. alc.butyl alcohol 丁醇BuLi n-butyl lithium (catalyst)正丁基锂(催化剂)Bur. St. Bureau of Standards 标准局[美]b.v.by volume(%)按体积(％)B. V.P. butadiene vinyl pyridine rubber 丁吡橡胶b.w.by weight(%)按重量(％)Bwg; BWGBirmingham wire gauge 伯明汉线规BXDbis-ethylxanthogen disulfide 二硫化双乙基黄原酸酯[调节剂] BXDCbutoxyethyl diglycol carhamate 丁氧基乙基二乙Bz benzene 二醇氨基甲酸酯[促进剂]beuzoyl 苯(甲)酰benzyl:苄基c centi[希腊字头](=10-2)厘curie 居里[放射单位)C calendering 压延apacity 容量；能力coarse (screw thread)粗(螺纹)coefficientcoldconcentrationC. 2,3 polymerethylene-propylene polymerCA cellulose acetateChemical AbstractCAA process copper-ammonium acetate processcal. calorie; gram-calorieCal. kilogram-caloriecalc.calculate(d)cal. val. calorific ＆#118aluecalculated ＆#118alueCan. P.Canadian Patentap. capacitycapillarycat. catalyst; catalytic; catalyzedCB cis-polybotadieneCB; C.B.carbon blackCBM cold, black masterbatchCBMBcarbon blackmasterbatchCBS; CBTS N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothlazolesulfenamide CCconductive channel blackcontinuous currentC-Ccarbon-carbon linkCC tire cross country tireCCAcellularcellulose acetateplasticscdcordCD2-chlorobotadieneCD rim center drop rimC/D compression-deflactionC. D. crepe cungulam dialyzed crepeCDEDC cadmium diethyl dithiocarbamateCDMDC cadmium dimethyldlthiocarbamateCDRchemical derivative of rubberC. E.D.cohesive energy densityCEPAR; Cepar an instrument for measuring curing, extrusion, lasticity and recovery characteristics of rubberCf coefficient of frictionc/f; C/F continuous filamentCF conductive furnace blackC.F.cornering forceCFBconductive furnace blackCFM polychlorotrifiuoroethyleneC.G.crack growthch. chainC-Hcarbon-hydrogen linkCHA cyclobexyinmine acetateCHBS; CZ N-cyclohexyl-2-bonzothiazolesulfeunmideCh. E.chemical engineerchemical engineeringchn.chainC. H.U. caloric heat unitcentigrade heat unitCIR counmarooe-indene resincis-BR; cis-PB(d);cis-PBR cis-polybotadiene rubbercks centistokesC.L.center lineconstant levelcontrol limitCI2BPdichlorobonzoyl peroxideCLC cup lump crepeCLMS chemical-loaded molecular sieveCLR chlorinated rubberC.coefficient 系数cold 冷的concentration 浓缩；浓度CA cellulose acetate 乙酸纤维素Chemical AbstractCAA process copper-ammonium acetate process 化学文摘cal. calorie; gram-calorie 乙酸钢铵法[合成胶]Cal.kilogram-calorie 卡calc.calculate(d)千卡；大卡cal. val. calorific ＆#118alue 计算(的)calculated ＆#118alue 发热量；发热值Can. P.Canadian Patent 计算值cap. capacity 加拿大专利capillary 容量；能力cat. catalyst; catalytic; catalyzed 毛细管；毛细的CB cis-polybotadiene 催化剂；催化的CB; C.B.carbon black 顺式聚丁二烯CBM cold, black masterbatch 炭黑CBMBcarbon blackmasterbatch 低温炭黑母炼胶CBS; CBTS N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothlazolesulfenamide[1]炭黑母炼胶[2]炭黑共沉胶CCconductive channel blackN-环己基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺[促进剂]continuous current 导电槽黑C-Ccarbon-carbon link 直流(电)CC tire cross country tire 碳—碳键CCAcellularcellulose acetateplastics 越野轮胎cdcord 乙酸纤维泡沫塑料CD2-chlorobotadiene 帘线；线绳CD rim center drop rim2—氯丁二烯[氯丁胶单体]C/D compression-deflaction 深式轮辋C. D. crepe cungulam dialyzed crepe 压缩变形CDEDC cadmium diethyl dithiocarbamate 渗析橡胶CDMDC cadmium dimethyldlthiocarbamate 二乙基氨荒酸镉[促进剂] CDRchemical derivative of rubber 二甲基氨荒酸镉[促进剂]C. E.D.cohesive energy density 橡胶的化学衍生物CEPAR; Ceparan instrument for measuring curing, extrusion,凝集能密度plasticity and recovery characteristics of rubber 硫化加工特性测定仪Cf coefficient of friction 摩擦系数c/f; C/F continuous filament 连续丝CF conductive furnace black 导电炉黑C.F.cornering force 侧滑力CFBconductive furnace black 导电炉黑CFM polychlorotrifiuoroethylene 聚氯四氟乙烯C.G.crack growth 龟裂增长；裂口生长ch. chain 链C-Hcarbon-hydrogen link 碳—氢键CHA cyclobexyinmine acetate 乙酸环已胺[凝固剂]CHBS; CZ N-cyclohexyl-2-bonzothiazolesulfeunmide—环己基—2—苯骈噻唑次磺酰胺；促进剂Ch. E.chemical engineer CZ 化学工程师chemical engineering 化学工程chn.chain 链C. H.U. caloric heat unit 卡热单位centigrade heat unit 百分法热单位；镊氏热单位CIR counmarooe-indene resin 古马隆—茚树脂cis-BR; cis-PB(d);cis-PBR cis-polybotadiene rubber 顺式聚丁二烯橡胶cks centistokes 厘司[粘度单位]C.L.center line 中心线constant level 恒定水平control limit 控制限度CI2BPdichlorobonzoyl peroxide 过氧化二氯笨[硫化剂]CLC cup lump crepe 杯底胶绉片CLMSchemical-loaded molecular sieve 化学药品填充分子筛CLR chlorinated rubbe 氯化橡胶CMCcarboxylmethyl cellulose 羧甲基纤维素CMPD compound[1]腔料[2]化合物CNcotton warp and nylon weft 棉经尼龙纬CNP cold, non-pigmented rubber 普通低温丁苯胶CNS cold, non-staining rubber 非污染性低温丁苯胶CO; ECO polyepichinrohydrin 聚表氯醇Coag.coagulant 凝固剂CO/BMcold, oil/black masterbateh 油充炭黑低温丁苯胶C. O.C.Cleveland open cup 克利弗兰开杯法CODcyelo-octadiene 环辛二烯[单体]COEcold, oil-extended rubber 油充低温丁苯胶COELCcold, oil-extended, light colored rubber 浅色的油充低温丁苯胶COFXcoldflex 低温屈挠性col.color; colored 着色剂；着色的coilcolloidal 胶体的coin. coloration 着色bine 混合；结合；化合com(m),commercial 商业的；工业的position 组成；成分compound[1]胶料[2]化合物compon. component 组分omp. p. compression pressure 压缩压力comp. r. compression ratio 压缩比cone. concentrate;concentrated;concentration 浓缩；cond. condition 浓缩了的；浓缩作用；浓度条件；情况onductivity 传导性；传导率oned, sol. concentrated solution 浓缩溶液cont. content 含量cont.(s) contain(s)含有；包含conv.(n),conversion 转化；转变；换算cor.corrected 校正的corr. corrugated 波纹的；螺纹的c.p. candle power 烛光center of pressure 压力中心c. p.; cP centipoise 厘泊[粘度单位]c.p. circular pitch 圆周节距compression pressure 压缩压力c. p.; CP chemically pure 化学纯CP chloroparaffin 氯化石蜡[防燃剂)C.P. calorific power 热值CPBR cis-polyhutadiene rubber 顺式聚丁二烯橡胶CPBS N-eyclopentamethylene-2-benzothlazolesuIfena-mide—环五甲撑—：—苯井噻唑次磺酰胺[促进剂]pound[1]胶料[2]化合物CPDcadmium pentamethylene dithioearbamate 五甲撑氨荒酸镉[促进剂] CPI cis-polyisoprene rubber 顺式聚异戊二烯橡胶CPM cost per mile 每哩成本[轮胎]cycles per minute 每分钟周数CPOEcold,pigmented,oil-extendedrubber 油充炭黑低温丁苯胶CPPD N-cyclobexyl-N'-phenyl-p-pbenylene diamineN-N-环已基—N’—苯基对苯二胺[防老剂]CPRcontrolled polymerization rate 控制的聚合速度cpscounts per second 每秒计数cycles per second 每秒周数cps; C. P.S.centipoise 厘泊cr. crepe 绉片crystalline 结晶的c. r.; C.R.cathode ray 阴极射线compression ratio 压缩比CR chloroprene rubber 氯丁橡胶cold rubber 低温丁苯橡胶CRC Crude Rubber Committee 天然橡胶委员全CRE cold, rosin-extended rubber 松香皂法低温丁苯胺CRF channel replacement furnace black 代槽黑用炉黑；代槽炉黑crit.critical 临界的C. R.L. casein, reclaim and latex adhesive 酪素；再生胶和胶乳粘合剂CRMB cyclized rubber masterbatch 环化橡胶母炼胶Cry.crystalline 结晶的crystn.crystallization 结晶c.s.;cS;cSt.;c.st. centistakcs 厘司c/s cycles per second 每秒周数CS compression set 压缩变形C.S.cast steel 铸钢combined sulfur 结合虢黄Commercial Standard(U. S. D 美国工商业规格CSMchloro-sulfonyl-polyethylene 氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶CSP chlorosulfonated polyethylen 氯硝化聚乙烯橡胶C. S.R. continuous sheet rubber 连续式胶片[生胶]c. s. t.; C. S.T. critical solution temperature 临界溶液温度critical stability temperature 临界稳定温度CSV concentrated solution viscosity 浓缩溶液粘度CTcontinuous thread 连续螺纹crescent tear 新月形试片撕裂parision temperature 比较温度CT fatiguecompression-tension fatigue 压缩伸长疲劳CTAB cetyltrimethylammoniumbrom 溴化十六烷基三甲基铵CTC; C. T.C. carbon tetrachloride 四氯化碳[溶剂]CTR constant temperature retraction 恒温回缩(试验)C. T.U. centigrade thermal unit 百分度热单位CuDD; CUDD;CuDMD;cupric dimethyl dithiocorbamate 二甲基氨荒酸铜[促进剂] CuDMDCcar. current 每秒立方尺流；cu. ft./sec,cubic feet per second 流行的；现在的C.V. calorific ＆#118alue 卡值continuous vulcanization 连续硫化C. V. tirecargo vehicle tire 载重汽车胎[英]commercial vehicle tire 载重汽车胎CVC catalytic vulcanizing compound 催化硫化型胶料c.w. clockwise 顺时针cwthundredweight 廿分之一吨[英制重112 磅，美刷重100 磅]cyl.Cylinder 鼓；滚筒；汽缸d deci[希腊字头](=10-1)分derivative 衍生物d-dextro (rotatory)右旋的d; Ddensity 密度diameter 直径D 20/4density at 20°referred to water at 4°液体在20℃时的密度(对水在4℃时的密度而言)dadeca[希腊字头](＝10)+DA Latexdeammoniated latex 脱氨胶乳D.A. Du Pont abrasion resistance index 杜邦磨耗指数DAA di-alkyl adipate 二烷基已二酸酯[增塑剂]DAB di-azo-aminobenzene 重氮胺基苯[发泡剂]DAH 2,5-di-tert-amyl hydroquinone2，5-二特戊基氢醌[防老剂]DAM; DADPMdiamino-diphenylmethane 二氨基二苯甲烷[硬化剂]DAMD dimethylaminomethyldimethyldithiocarbamate二甲基氨荒酸二甲胺甲酯[促进剂]DAP dl-alkyl phthalate 酞酸二烷基酯[增塑剂]di-alphanyl phthalate 酞酸二脂肪族酯[增塑剂]DAPSdi-alkyl phenol sulfide 二烷基酚硫化物[防老剂]DAR dispersing agent requirement 分散剂需要DAS di-alkyl sebacate 癸二酸二烷基酯[增塑剂]db double 双的；双重的db; dB decibel 分贝(尔)DBdodecyl bromide 十二烷基溴[硫化剂]D.B. dry bulb 干球[温度计]DBAdibenzylamine 二苄基胺[促进剂]见DBUD[促进剂]DBAEdibutylamino-ethanol 二丁基氨基乙醇DBAOdibutylammonium oleate 油酸二丁基铵[促进剂]DBCNnickel dibutyl dithiocarbamate 二丁基氨荒酸镍[防老剂]DBE dibenzyl ether 二苄醚[增塑剂]DBESdibutoxyethyl sebacate 癸二酸二丁氧乙酯[增塑剂]DBF dibutyl fumarate 富马酸二丁酯[增塑剂]DBH2,5-di-tert-butyihydroquinone2，5-二特丁基氢醌[防老剂]DBIdouble bond index 双键指数dbl.double 双的；双重的dblr.doubler 合布机；合胶机DBM dibutyl maleate 马来酸二丁酯[增塑剂]DBMP 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol2，6-二特丁基-4—甲基苯酚[防老剂] DBPdibutyl phthalate 酞酸二丁酯[增塑剂]DBPC 2,6-ditertinry-butyl-para-cresol2，6-二特丁基对甲酚[防老剂]DBPDN,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamineN，N'-二另丁基对苯二胺[防老剂] DBPMH2,5-bis (tert.-butyl peroxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane2，5-双(特丁基过氧化)-2，5-二甲基己烷[促进剂]D. B. Q.D.p,p'-dibenzylquinone dioxime 对，对'-二苄基醌二肟[硫化剂]DBS dibutyl sebacate 癸二酸二丁酯[增塑剂]DBnD; DBUD; dibutylammonium dibutyldithiocarbamate 二丁基氨荒酸二丁铵[促进] DBTUd. c dispersing coefficient 分散系数double cylinder .双筒；双缸；双滚d. c.; D.C. direct current 直流(电)DC die casting3，3'-压力铸型法D.C.dust collector2，4-集尘器DCB 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine 二氯联苯胺[硫化剂]DCBP2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide 二氯苯酰过氧化物[硫化剂]CHP di-cyclohexyl phthalate 酞酸二环已酯[增塑剂]DCOdehydrated castor oil 脱水蓖麻油DCPdicapryl phthalate 酞酸二辛酯[增塑剂]dicumyl peroxide 过氧化二异丙苯[硫化剂]DCPD di-cyclohcxyl phenyl-p-phenylenedia mine 二环已基苯基对苯二胺[防老剂] DCPDdieyelopentadiene 双茂；二聚环戊二烯DCPTTS dicyclopentamethylene-thiuram tetrasulfide 四硫化二环五次甲基秋兰姆[促进]dd direct drive 直接传动double 双的；双重的DDA di-decyl adipate 二苯胺衍生物[防老剂]diphenylamine derivative 己二酸二癸酯[增塑剂]DDC; DDCNdiethylammodium diethyl-dithlocarbamate 二乙基氨荒酸二乙铵[促进剂] DDD dimethylammonium dimethyl-dithlocarbamate 二甲基氨荒酸二甲铵[促进剂] DDM dodecyl mercaptan] 十二碳硫酵[调节剂]DDPdi-decyl phthalate 酞酸二癸酯[增塑剂]DDSdiaminodiphenylsulfone 二胺基二苯基砜[硬化剂DE Defo-elastlcity 德弗弹性D.E.degree of elasticity 弹性度DEA diethanolamine 二乙醇胺[增塑剂]DEAD diethyl ammonium dithiocarbamate 氨荒酸二乙铵[促进剂]DEAE diethylaminoethanol 二乙基氨基乙醇DEAPAdiethylaminopropylamine 二乙胺基丙胺[硬化剂]dec.; decomp. decompose(s); decomposition 分解D. E.D.sym-diphenylethylene diamine 对称二苯基乙撑二胺[防老剂]deg. degree 度DEGdiethylene glycol 二甘醇[硫化剂]den. denier 但尼尔；代density 密度DEPdi-ethyl phthalate 酞酸二乙酯[增塑剂]depolym.depolymerize(s) 解聚dept.department 部门；车间deriv.derivative; derived 衍生物；衍生的et. determine 确定DETA diethylene triamine 二乙撑三脓[聚合剂]DETU diethyl thiourea 二乙基硫脲[促进剂]dev. device 装置dev.; devel. development 发展df; DF degree of freedom 自由度d/fdenier per filament 每单丝代数D.F.double filling 双纬[纺]DFL dry flight lubricant 长网干燥用隔离剂DFP diisopropylfluoro-phosphate 二异丙基氟化磷酸酯[增塑剂]g.decigram 分克DGP dietbylene glycol dipelargonate 二乙撑乙二醇二王酸酯[增塑剂]DHDefo-hardness 德弗硬度D.H. double helical 人字[齿轮]；双螺旋DHA dihexyl adipate 已二酸二己酯[增塑剂]DHB1,4-dihydrobenzene1，4-二氢化苯[调节剂]DHN1,4-dlhydronaphthalene1，4-二氢化萘[调节剂]DHPdi-hexyl phthalate 酞酸二已酯[增塑剂]DHZdi-2-ethyl butyl azelate 壬二酸二-2-乙基丁酯[增塑剂]D.I. dispersion index 分散指数dia.; diam. diameter 直径diag.diagonal 对角的diagram 图；图表Di-BA; DIBAdj-iso-butyl adipate 已二酸二异丁酯[增塑剂]DIBHP di-isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide 二异丙苯过氧化氢[催化剂]DIBP di-iso-butyl phthaiate 酞酸二异丁酯[增塑剂]DIBQdi-tert-butylquinone 二特丁醌[抗变异剂]DIBS N,N-diisopropylbenzothiazyl-2-suifenanlideN,N-二异丙基苯并噻唑-2-次躏酰胺[促进剂]DIBZ di-iso-butyl azeiate 壬二酸二异丁酯[增塑剂]DICdiisopropylamiae dtisopropyl-dithiocarbamate 二异丙基氨荒酸二异丙胺[促进剂] DIDAdi-iso-decyl adipate 己二酸二异癸酯[增塑剂]DIDPdi-iso-decyl phthalate 酞酸二异癸酯[增塑剂]dielec. dielectric 介电dif.; diff. different; difference 不同的；差别；差额difficulty 困难dil. dilute 稀的；稀释的DINDeutsche Industrie-norm(ung)德国工业标准Di-OA; DIOAdi-iso-octyl adipate 已二酸二异辛酯[增塑剂]DIOF di-iso-octyl fumarate 富马酸二异辛酯[增塑剂]DIODPdi-iso-octyl-decyl phthalate 酞酸二异辛基、癸酯[增塑剂]Di-OP; DIOPdi-iso-octyl phthaiate 酞酸二异辛酯[增塑剂]DIOSdi-iso-octyl sebacate 癸二酸二异辛酯[增塑剂]DIOZdi-iso-octyl azeiate 壬二酸二异辛酯[增塑剂] DIPAEdiisopropylaminoethanol 二异丙基氨基乙醇3,5-DIPF3,5-di-iso-propylphenylformaldehyde3，5-二异丙基笨甲醛[树脂]dis.dissolve 溶解dissoc,dissociation 离解dist. distill 蒸馏Div.; Divn. division 区分DIXDSdi-isopropylxanthogendisuffide 二硫化二异丙基黄原酸[促进剂]dkg dekagram 十克DKGDeutsche Kautschuk-Geselischaft 德意志橡胶协会dkldekaliter 十升dl deciliter 分升DL diameter length 直径长度DLO daylight opening 板距；台距[平板机]dm decimeter 分米DM dry mix 胶料；混炼胶D.M.dry matter[1]干燥物质[2]见DMBTDMAEdimethylaminocthanol 二甲基氨基乙醇DMBT dibenzothiazyl disulfide 二硫化二苯井噻唑[促进剂]DMDCA dimethyl dithiocarbamate 二甲基氨荒酸盐[促进剂]DMDPA 4, 4'-dimethoxydiphcnyiamiae4，4 -二甲氧基二苯胺[防老剂]MD(MP)PD N,N'-dimethyl-n,n'-di(1-methyl-proyl)-p-phenyenediamineN,N'-二甲基-N，N'-二(1-甲基丙基)对苯二胺[防老剂]DMDPTD dimethyl dipbenylthiuram disulfide 二硫化二甲基二苯基秋兰姆[促进剂] DMFdimethyl formamide 二甲替甲酰胺[PVC 溶剂]DMHPD N,N'-di-3-(5-methylbeptyl)-p-phenylene diamineN，N'-二-3-(5-甲基庚基)对苯二胺[防老剂]DMI dimethyl isophihalate 间苯二酸二甲酯[增塑剂]DMOD dimethyl octadiene 二甲基率二烯DMP di-methyl phthalate 酞酸二甲酯[增塑剂]DMPPCdimethylphenyl-para-cresol 二甲基苯基对甲酚[防老剂]D(MP)PDdi-(1-methylpropyl)-p-phenylenediamine 二-(1-甲基丙基)对笨二胺[防老剂] DMSdimorpholinyl disulfide 二硫化吗啡啉；二吗啉基二硫化物[促进剂]D. M.S.direct molded shoe 直接模制胶底鞋DMTdimethyl terepbthalate 对酞酸二甲酯[增塑剂]DMUdimethylolurea 二羟甲基脲DNA di-nonyl adipate 己二酸二壬酯[增塑剂]DNBS di-nitrosopbenyl-benzothiazyl sulfide 二亚硝基苯基苯井噻唑硫化物[促进剂] N,4-DNMA N,4-dinitroso-N-methylaniline N，4-二亚硝基-N-甲基苯胺[改性剂] DNODAdi-n-oetyl-n-ducyl adipate 己二酸二正辛基正癸酯[增塑剂]DNP di-nonyl phthalate 酞酸二壬酯[增塑剂]DNP; DNPDsym-di-β-naphthyl-p-phenylene diamine 对称二-β-萘基对苯二胺[防老剂]DNPDMDTC 2,4-dinitrophenyl-dimethyl-dithiocarbamate2，4 二硝基苯基二甲基氨荒酸酯[促进剂]DNPT di-nitrosopentamcthylene-tetramine 二亚硝基五次甲叉四胺[发泡剂]3:5-DNTB 3:5-dinitrothiolbenzoic acid 3：5-二硝基碗代苯酸DOA di-octyl adipate 已二酸二辛酯[增塑剂]DOCPdi-iso-octyl capryl phthalate 酞酸异辛基辛酸酯[增塑剂]DOD 4,4'-dioxydiphenyl 二氧联苯[防老剂]DODA 见DNODADOMdi-octyl maleate 马来酸二辛酯[增塑剂]DOP di-octyl phthalate 酞酸二辛酯[增塑剂]DOPD, DOPPDN,N'-dioctyl-p-phenylene diamine N，N'-二辛基对苯基二胺[防老剂] DOS di-octyl sebacate 癸二酸二辛酯[增塑剂]DOTG;D.O.T.G.di-ortho-tolylguanidine 二邻甲苯基胍[促进剂]DOTT; DOTTUdi-ortho-tolyl thiourea 二邻甲苯基硫脲[促进剂]DOZ di-octyl azelate 壬二酸二辛酯[增塑剂]d.p.double ply 双层的；贴合的double-pressed 两女压滤的dual purpose 双重目的；双用的d. p.; DP dew point 露点diametral pitch 直径节距DP degree of polymerization 聚合度D-P dimeric polymer 二聚物DPA diphenylamine 二苯胺[防老剂]DPBS2 (N,N'-diisopropyt) benzolesulfenamide 二(N,N'二异丙基)苯次磺酰胺[促进剂] DPCdi-n-propylamine di-n-propyldithiocarbamate 二正丙氨荒酸二正丙胺[促进剂] d. p.f.denier per filament 每单丝代数DPG diphenylguanidine 二苯胍[促进剂]DPM diphenylmethane 二苯甲烷[硫化剂jDPMTTSdipentamethylene thiuramtetrasulfide 四硫化二五次甲基秋兰姆[促进剂] DPPdi-propyl phthalate 酞酸二丙酯[增塑剂]DPPD N,N'-dipbenyl-p-phenylencdiamineN，N'-二苯基对苯二胺[防老剂]DPR depolymerized rubber 解聚橡胶DPT 见DNPTDPTT; DPTTSdipentamethylene thiuram tetrasulfide 四硫化三五次甲基秋兰姆[促进剂]D. P.U. dry pickup 干燥附胶量d.r.degree of resilience 弹回度DRdelayed recovery 迟缓复原[纺]dry residue 干燥余渣；干沉淀物D.R. dry rubber 干胶drc; DRC dry rubber content 干胶含量D.S. degree of substitution 取代程度D. S.M.densimeter 密度计；比重计D-SNdeuterio rubber 氘橡胶；重氢橡胶DSV dilute solution viscosity 稀溶液粘度DTA differential thermal analyser 差热分析器iethylenetriamine 二乙撑三胺[环氧树脂硬化剂]DTAH2,5-di-tert. amyl hydroquinone2，5-二特戊基氢醌[防变异剂]DTBP ditertiary butyl peroxide 二特丁基过氧化物[硫化剂]DTBQdiertiary butyl quinone 二特丁醌[抗永变剂]DTCdithiocarbamate 氨荒酸盐[促进剂]DTDM4,4'-dlthiodimorpholine4，4'-二硫代二吗啉[硫化剂]DTDP di-tri-decyl phthalate 酞酸二三癸酯[增塑剂]DTEQ 1,2-dihydro-2,2, 4-tri-methyl-6-ethoxy-quinoline1,2-二氢-2，2，4-三甲基-6-乙氧基喹啉[防老剂]DTMT 见TMTDDTPD di-tolyl-p-phcnylenediamine 二甲苯基对苯二胺[防老剂]DVdirect vulcanization 直接硫化DVB divinyl benzene 二乙烯基苯[合成胶单体]dw dry weight 干重dx duplex 双重的dyn.dyne 达因[物理单位]e efficiency 效率electron 电子electronic charge 电子电荷E elongation 伸长（率）extruding 压出EA polyethyincrylate 聚丙烯酸乙酯[粘合剂]E.A.ethyl acetate 乙酸乙酯[增塑剂]EAEethylaminoethanol 乙胺基乙醇EB; Ebelongation at break 扯断伸长率EBCestate brown crepe 胶园褐绉片e. b.p. end boiling point 终沸点E-BR emulsion polybutadiene rubber 乳液聚丁二烯橡胶ECFextra conductive furnance black 超导电炉黑EDA-Cethyl diamine carbonate 乙二胺碳酸酯[硫化剂]EDCNnickel bis(ethylenedinmine)-dithiocarbamate 双乙二胺氨荒酸镍[防老剂] EDFexternal driving force 外推动力EDMAethylene dimethacrylate 乙基二甲基丙烯酸EDPelectronic data processing 电子数据操作EDTequivalent drying time 同等干燥时间EDTA ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸[络合剂]E. D. T. m. q. 6-ethoxy-l,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl quinoline乙氧基-1，2-二氢-2，2，4-三甲基喹啉[防老剂]E.E.ethyl ether 乙醚EEAethylene-ethylacrylate copolymer 乙烯丙烯酸乙酯共聚物EFefficiency factor 效率系数extra fine 超细(粒子)EFAcondensate of ethyl chloride, formaldehydeandammonia乙基氯-甲醛氨缩台物[促进剂]eff. efficiency 效率effl.; efflor. efflorescent 喷霜的e.g. exampli gratia (for example)例如EHApolyethylhexylacryinte 聚丙烯酸乙基已酯[粘合剂]EHM extra high modulus 超高模数e. h. p.; E. H. P. effective horsepower 有效马力electrical horsepower 电马力el; EL elongation 伸长(率)e, l; E, L,elastic limit 弹性权限eib.elbow 弯头[管道]e. m.; E.M.electromagnetic 电磁的Ememulsifier 乳化剂E.M. electron microscope 电子显微镜EMApolyethylmethacrytate 聚甲基丙烯酸乙酯[粘合剂]e. m.f.; E. M.F. electromotive force 电动势(EMP)2p. p.d.N,N'-di-(1-ethyl-3-methyl)-p-phenylene diamineN．N'-二(1-乙基-3-甲基)对苯二胺[防老剂]EMPBD emulsion polybutadiene 乳聚丁二烯(橡胶)e. m.u. electromagnetic unit 电磁单位Emnl. emulsifier 乳化剂EMV electromagnetic ＆#118alue 电磁值engng.engineering 工程engr.engineer 工程师E. N.M. extra network material 超网络结构物质EO ethylene oxide 环氧乙烷；氧化乙烯Eot thiokol B 聚硫橡胶Be.p. end point 终点e. p.; E.P.extreme pressure 极压Ep elongation set 永久伸长E.P.picks/ends 经纬(密度)比EPC easy processing channel black 易混槽黑ethylenc-propylene copolymer 乙丙共聚物E. P.C.edge position control 边位控制(器)EPDM ethylene-propylene(dicyclopenta) diene copolymer 三元乙丙胶[含双环戊二烯] EPDRethylene-propylene-diene rubber 三元乙丙橡胶EPFeasy processing furnace black 易混炉黑cpi ends per inch 每时经数；时经；经密EPM [1] ethylene-propylene copolymer 乙丙共聚物[2]viton; kel-F 氟橡胶EPR electron-para-magnetic resonance 电子顺磁共振ethylene-propylene rubber 乙丙橡胶EPT ethylene propylene terpolymer 三元乙丙橡胶EPTOoil-extendedEPT 油充乙丙三聚物；油充三元乙丙橡胶q.equal 相等；相同equation 平衡；方程式qld.equalized 相等的；平均的eqil.equilibrium 平衡eqpt.equipment 设备equiv, equivalent 相当的；等价的ER extremely reinforcing 极补强ES extra soft 超软质ESC environmental stress cracking 候化龟裂ESPelectrostatic potential 静电势esp.;espec. especially 特别；尤其ESRelectronic spin resonance 电子旋转共振ESSOEsso Research and Engineering Co. 艾索研究工程公司est.;et. estimate [1]计[2]预算[3]测定e. s.u.electrostatic unit 静电单位ET thiokol A 聚硫橡胶AEt. ethyl 乙基ETAethanol-toluene azeotrope 乙醇甲苯共沸混合液[抽提硫化胶用]ETDQ 6-ethoxy- 2,2,4-trimethyl-t,2-dihydroquinuiine 乙氧基三甲基二氢喹啉[抗臭氧剂]ETELtellurium diethyldithiocar bamate 二乙基氨荒酸碲[促进剂]Et. OH ethyl alcohol 乙醇ETTCethylene trithiocarbamate 乙烯基三硫代氨基甲酸酯[促进剂]EUpolyether type ofurethane rubber 聚醚型聚氨酯橡胶eVelectron volt 电子伏特EVA ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer 乙烯乙酸乙烯共聚物evap.evaporate 蒸发。

普通化学术语中英文对照表Chinese-English Dictionary of Common Chemical Terms撰写者史政一written by Zhengyi Shi1.专业名词(terms)原子atom adj.atomic原子核nucleus质子proton中子neutron电子electron(abbr. e)离子ion [ˈaɪən]阳离子cation阴离子anion分子molecular [məˈlekjələ]单质element化合物compound纯净物pure substance/chemical substance混合物mixture相对原子质量relative atomic mass(abbr. A r)相对分子质量relative molecular mass(abbr. M r)化学式量relative formula mass物质的量amount of substance阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro constant(abbr. N A)摩尔mole摩尔质量molar mass实验式/最简式/经验式empirical formula气体摩尔体积molar volume阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro’s Law溶液solution溶解dissolve浓度concentration质量/体积分数mass/volume concentration浓缩concentrate稀释dilute蒸馏distillation萃取extraction化学反应方程式chemical equation反应物reactant生成物product固体solid液体liquid气体gaseous溶液aqueous配平balance化学计量学stoichiometry酸acid碱base/alkali (refers to soluble bases)盐salt酸式盐acid salt离子方程式ionic equation结晶水water of crystallisation水合的hydrated无水的anhydrous滴定titration指示剂indicator氧化数oxidation number氧化还原反应redox reaction氧化反应oxidation reaction还原反应reduction reaction歧化反应disproportionation reaction归中反应comproportionation(symproportionation) reaction氧化剂oxidising agent还原剂reducing agent电子层(壳) (electron) shell电离能ionisation energy(abbr. I.E.)第一，第二，第三等电离能first,second,third,etc. ionisation energy(abbr. 1st,2nd,3rd,etc. I.E.)电子亲和能electron affinity energy(abbr. A.E.)屏蔽效应electronic shielding(screening)原子轨道atomic orbital电子云electron cloud电子亚层sub-shell能层layer能级energy level电子排布electron configuration电子云重叠shell overlap洪特规则Hund’s rule泡利原理Pauli exclusion principle基态ground state激发态excited state跃迁transition手性chirality [kaiˈ-]化学键chemical bond键长bond length键级bond order键角bond angle键能bond enthalpies离子键ionic bond供体donor受体acceptor静电吸引electrostatic attraction巨型离子结构giant ionic structure共价键covalent[kəʊ'veɪlənt] bond巨型共价结构giant covalent structure共用电子对shared pair/bonding pair孤对电子lone pair/non-bonding pairσ键σ-bondπ键π-bondδ键δ-bond极性共价键polar bond非极性共价键non-polar bond配位键dipolar bond/dative covalent bond/coordinate bond 电负性electronegativity极性polarity偶极子dipole分子间作用力intermolecular forces氢键hydrogen bond范德华力van der Waal’s force色散力dispersion force诱导力induction force取向力orientation force/dipole-dipole force金属键metallic bond离域delocalisation [di:,ləukəlai'zeiʃn]延展性malleability可锻性ductility导电性electrical conductivity合金alloy元素周期表the Periodic Table周期period族group原子序数proton number同位素isotope[ˈaɪsətəʊp]核素nuclide同量异位素isobar金属metal非金属nonmetal碱金属alkali metal碱土金属alkaline earth metal卤素halogen稀有气体noble gas元素周期律periodic trends活泼active稳定noble分解反应decomposition reaction化合反应combination(synthesis) reaction取代反应displacement reaction复分解反应salt metathesis[məˈtæθəsis] reaction/double replacement(displacement) reaction沉淀precipitation官能团functional group碳氢化合物/烃hydrocarbon饱和烃saturated hydrocarbon不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon脂肪烃aliphatic hydrocarbon脂环烃alicyclic hrdrocarbon同系物homologous[həˈ-] series异构现象isomerism ['aisəmərizəm]同分异构体isomeride [ai'sɔməraid]同素异形体allotropy/allotropism分子式molecular formula通式general formula结构式displayed formula结构简式structural formula键线式skeletal formula均裂homolytic fission异裂heterolytic fission亲核试剂nucleophile ['njukliəfail]亲电子试剂electrophile加成反应addition reaction加水加成hydration reaction加成聚合反应addition polymerisation聚合物polymer单体monomer链节repeat unit缩合聚合反应condensation reaction缩聚物condensation polymer取代反应substitution reaction脱水dehydration水解hydrolysis卤代反应halogenation reaction酯化反应esterification reaction亲核取代nucleophilic substitution消去反应elimination reaction裂化反应cracking (reaction)石油分馏fractional distillation燃烧combustion发酵fermentation氟氯烃chlorofluorocarbons产率percentage yield原子利用率atom economy红外光谱学infrared spectroscopy质谱分析mass spectroscopy光谱spectrum挥发性volatility冷凝回流reflux反应机理reaction mechanism能量守恒定律law of conservation of energy热力学thermodynamic [θə:məudaiˈ-]焓enthalpy(abbr. H) [en'θælpi]焓变enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH)标准焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔHӨ)标准反应焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH rӨ)燃烧热heat of combustion标准燃烧焓standard enthalpy change of combustion(abbr. ΔH cӨ) 标准生成焓standard enthalpy change of formation(abbr. ΔH fӨ) 放热反应exothermic[eksəuˈ-] reaction吸热反应endothermic reaction热化学方程式thermochemical[θə:məuˈ-] equation活化能activation energy(abbe. E a)比热容specific heat capacity键焓bond enthalpy平均键焓average bond enthalpy盖斯定律Hess’ law有效碰撞理论collision theory反应速率rate of reaction/reaction rate反应动力学reaction kinetics催化剂catalyst催化作用catalysis酶enzyme['enzaim]波尔兹曼分布律the Boltzmann distribution化学平衡(chemical) equilibrium[i:kwiˈ-]可逆反应reversible reaction动态平衡dynamic equilibrium平衡常数chemical equilibrium constant浓度幂concentration power平衡移动shift of equilibrium state吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy(abbr. ΔG)阿累尼乌斯方程the Arrhenius[əˈri:niəs] Equation自发反应spontaneous[spɔnˈteiniəs] reaction熵entropy(abbr. ΔS)温室效应greenhouse effect吸附作用adsorption绿色化学green chemistry溶解度solubility离子反应ionic reaction电离ionisation电解质electrolyte电离平衡ionisation equilibrium电离常数ionisation constant离子积ion-product constant氢离子浓度指数hydrogen ion concentration(abbr. pH from French potentiel d'hydrogène)溶解平衡dissolution equilibrium溶度积solubility product原电池galvanic(voltaic) cell盐桥salt bridge电极electrode正极/阳极anode负极/阴极cathode标准电极电势standard electrode potential(abbr. E0)干电池dry cell一次电池primary cell(battery)二次电池/蓄电池secondary cell/storage battery充电charge放电discharge燃料电池fuel cell电解electrolysis电解池/电解槽electrolytic cell电镀galvanisation电偶腐蚀/电化腐蚀galvanic corrosion分子空间构型molecular geometries杂化hybrid轨道orbital晶格lattice晶体crystal晶胞crystal structure堆积作用sedimentation2.常见元素(common elements)氢hydrogen(abbr. H) ['haidrədʒən]氦helium(abbr. He) ['hi:liəm]锂lithium(abbr. Li) ['liθiəm]硼boron(abbr. B) ['bɔ:rɔn]碳carbon(abbr. C) ['kɑ:bən]氮nitrogen(abbr. N) ['naitrədʒən]氧oxygen(abbr. O) ['ɔksidʒən]氟fluorine(abbr. F) ['fluəri:n]氖neon(abbr. Ne) ['ni:ɔn]钠sodium(abbr. Na) ['səudiəm]镁magnesium(abbr. Mg)铝aluminum(abbr. Al) [,æləˈminiəm]硅silicon(abbr. Si) ['silikən]磷phosphorus(abbr. P) ['fɔsfərəs]硫sulfur(abbr. S) ['sʌlfə]氯chlorine(abbr. Cl) ['klɔ:ri:n]氩argon(abbr. Ar) ['ɑ:ɡɔn]钾potassium(abbr. K) [pəˈtæsiəm]钙calcium(abbr. Ca) [ˈkælsiəm]钛titanium(abbr. Ti) [tai'teiniəm]铬chromium(abbr. Cr) ['krəumjəm]锰manganese(abbr. Mn) [ˈmæŋɡəni:z]铁iron(abbr. Fe) ['aɪən]钴cobalt(abbr. Co) [kəu'bɔ:lt]镍nickel(abbr. Ni) ['nikəl]铜copper(abbr. Cu) ['kɔpə]锌zinc(abbr. Zn) [ziŋk]砷arsenic(abbr. As) ['ɑ:sənik]溴bromine(abbr. Br) ['brəumi:n]银silver(abbr. Ag) ['silvə]锡tin(abbr. Sn) [tin]碘iodine(abbr. I) ['aiəudi:n]氙xenon(abbr.Xe) ['zenɔn]钡barium(abbr. Ba) ['beəriəm]钨tungsten(abbr. W) [tʌŋstən]铂platinum(abbr. Pt) ['plætinəm]金gold(abbr. Au) [ɡəuld]汞mercury(abbr. Hg) ['mə:kjuri]铅lead(abbr. Pb) [led]3.常见单质(common elements)氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称金刚石diamond ['daiəmənd]石墨graphite ['græfait]臭氧ozone ['əuzəun]红磷red phosphorus白磷white phosphorus4.常见根离子(common radicals)氢化的hydride ['haidraid]硼酸boric (acid) adj.borate碳化的carbide ['ka:baid]碳酸carbonic (acid) adj.carbonate碳酸氢根bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate氮化的nitride ['naitraid]叠氮化的azide ['æzaid]硝酸nitric (acid) adj.nitrate亚硝酸nitrous (acid) adj.nitrite氧化的oxide ['ɔksaid]二氧化的dioxide [dai-']三氧化的trioxide过氧根peroxy (radical) adj.peroxide [pə'ɔksaid]超氧化的superoxide [sjupə'ɔksaid]氢氧根hydroxyl[hai'drɔksil] (radical) adj.hydroxide水合氢离子hydronium氟化的fluoride偏铝酸meta-aluminic[metə'æljuminik] (acid) adj.meta-aluminate 四羟基合铝酸hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'drɔksil-'] (acid)硅酸silicic['silisik] (acid) adj.silicate磷酸phosphoric (acid) adj.phosphate磷酸二氢根dihydrogen phosphate磷酸氢根hydrogen phosphate硫化的sulfide硫氢根bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogen sulphide硫酸sulphuric (acid) adj.sulphate硫酸氢根bisulphate/hydrogen sulphate亚硫酸sulphurous (acid) adj.sulphite亚硫酸氢根bisulphite/hydrogen sulphite硫代硫酸根thiosulphate [θa iəu-']焦硫酸根persulphate [pə:-']氯化的chloride ['klɔraid]氢氯酸/盐酸hydrochloric (acid)高氯酸perchloric (acid) adj.perchlorate氯酸chloric (acid) adj.chlorate亚氯酸chlorous (acid) adj.chlorite次氯酸hypochlorous (acid) adj.hypochlorite溴化的bromide氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯碘化的iodide ['aiədaid]氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯卤化的halide铵根ammonium [əˈməuniəm]高锰酸根permanganate锰酸根manganate氰根cyanide ['sainaid]硫氰根thiocyanate [θaiəuˈsaiəneit]铬酸根chromate重铬酸根dichromate5.常见无机化合物(common inorganic compounds)氢化钠sodium hydride氨ammonia/azane[ə-ˈ]硅烷silane [ˈsi-]磷化氢phosphine硫化氢hydrogen sulphide氮化镁magnesium nitride四氧化三铁iron(II,III) oxide二氟化氧oxygen difluoride氯化氢hydrogen chloride氯化亚铁iron(II) chloride/ferrous chloride氯化铁iron(III) chloride/ferric chloride氯化亚锡tin(II) chloride/stannous chloride四羟基合铝酸钠sodium aluminate磷酸二氢钠monosodium phosphate磷酸氢二钠disodium phosphate氯化铵ammonium chloride硫氢化钠/硫氢酸钠sodium hydrosulphide6.系统命名法(chemical nomenclature)一mono-二di-三tri-四tetra-五penta-六hexa-七hepta-八octa-九nona-十deca-烷烃alkane (preffix alkyl-,suffix -ane)甲meth-乙eth-丙prop-丁but-戊pent-己hex-庚hept-辛oct-壬non-癸dec-十一undec-十二dodec-十三tridec-十四tetradec-十五pentadec-十六hexadec-十七heptadec-十八octadec-十九nonadec-二十eicos-三十triacont-四十tetracont-五十prntacont-正构型normal-(n-)异构型iso-(i-)新构型neo-(n-)聚poly-烷基alkyl甲基methyl(abbr. Me)乙基ethyl(abbr. Et)丙基propyl(abbr. Pr)环烷烃cycloalkane (preffix -cyclo, suffix -ane)烯烃alkene (preffix alkenyl-,suffix -ene)二烯烃allene (suffix -adiene)环烯烃cycloalkene (preffix cyclo-, suffix -ene)炔烃alkyne (preffix alkynyl-,suffix -yne)顺式异构preffix cis-(Z-)反式异构preffix trans-(E-)苯基phenyl(abbr. Ph) (preffix phenyl-,suffix -benzene)苄基benzyl(abbr. Bn) (preffix benzyl-,suffix -toluene)醇alcohol (preffix hydroxy-,suffix -ol)带卤素的化合物halogens (preffix fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,etc.)酮ketone (preffix oxo-,suffix -one)醛aldehyde (preffix oxo-,suffix -al or not included in carbon chain preffix formyl-,suffix -carbaldehyde)羧酸carboxylic[ka:bɔk'silik] (acid) adj.carboxylate (suffix -oic acid)羧基carboxyl (preffix carboxyl-,suffix -oic acid or multiple groups suffix-di,tri,tetracarbonyl acid)乙酸根carboxyl radical(abbr. Ac)醚ether (suffix -ane and -oxy)脂ester (preffix R-oxycarbonyl-,suffix -oic acid/-oate)胺和酰胺amine(preffix amino-,suffix -amine or according to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) and amide(preffix carbamoyl- and amido-,suffix -amide and -carboxamide or according to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-)氨基amino酰胺基amido磺酸sulphonic (acid) adj.sulphonate (preffix sulpho-,suffix -sulphonic acid) 腈nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile)酚phenol/carbolic acid7.常见有机化合物(common organic compounds)酚酞phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph) [finɔlf'θeili:n]石蕊litmus溴酚蓝bromopheno blue百里酚蓝thymol blue甲基橙methyl orange龙胆紫gentian violet氯仿chloroform异戊二烯isoprene月桂烯myrcene [mair'si:n]聚乙烯polythene聚氯乙烯poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC)聚丙烯polypropylene聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF)晴纶orlon二甲醚methoxymethane苯酚phenol乙酸乙酯methyl propanoate甲酸/蚁酸methanoic acid/formic acid乙酸/醋酸ethanoic acid/acetic acid乙二酸/草酸oxalic acid adj.oxalate丙酸/初油酸propanoic acid/propionic acid丁酸/酪酸butanoic acid/butyric acid软脂酸/棕榈酸hexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid硬脂酸octadecanoic acid/stearic acid硬脂酸钠sodium stearate柠檬酸citric acid柠檬酸钠sodium citrate乳酸lactic acid乳酸钠sodium lactate葡萄糖酸gluconic acid adj.gluconate氨基酸amino acid葡萄糖glucose果糖fructose半乳糖galactose核糖ribose脱氧核糖desoxyribose核糖核酸rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA)脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA)麦芽糖maltose蔗糖sucrose乳糖lactose淀粉starch纤维素cellulose脂肪酸fatty acid甘油/丙三醇glycerol/ glycerine/ glycerin叔丁醇tert-butyl alcohol(abbr. TBA)三硝基甲苯trinitrotoluene(abbr. TNT) [trainaitrə'tɔljui:n]萘naphthalene碳酰胺/尿素urea/carbamide胡萝卜素carotene叶绿素chlorophyll阿司匹林/乙酰水杨酸aspirin/acetylsalicylic acid对乙酰氨基酚/扑热息痛paracetamol/acetaminophen苯丙醇胺phenylpropanolamine/β-hydroxyamphetamine/the stereoisomers norephedrine/ norpseudoephedrine舒喘宁/羟甲叔丁肾上腺素salbutamol伪麻黄碱pseudoephedrine(abbr. PSE)氯苯那敏chlorphenamine/chlorpheniramine/piriton咖啡因caffeine维生素A/视黄醇retinol/vitamin A维生素C/抗坏血酸vitamin C/ascorbic acid吗啡morphine冰毒/甲基安非他明methamphetamine可卡因/苯甲基芽子碱cocaine/benzoylmethylecgonine海洛因heroin/diacetylmorphine/morphine diacetate/diamorphine8.常见实验仪器(common laboratory apparatuses)温度计thermometre [θə'-]托盘天平counterbalance试管test tube/sample tube/culture tube烧杯beaker ['bi:-]烧瓶flask蒸馏烧瓶distillation flask锥形瓶Erlenmeyer(注意大写) flask/conical flask漏斗funnel广口瓶wide mouth(neck) container(bottle)燃烧匙combustion spoon蒸发皿evaporating dish酒精灯alcohol burner本生灯Bunsen burner量筒graduated cylinder['silində]/measuring cylinder/mixing cylinder集气瓶gas bottle滴管burette/buret [bju:'ret]滴瓶dropper bottle曲颈瓶retort [ri'-]表面皿watch glass石棉网asbestos[æs'bestəs] gauze玻璃棒glass rod/stirring rod/stir rod铁架台iron stand滴定管burette/buret泥三角pipeclay triangle启普发生器Kipp's apparatus/Kipp generator酒精喷灯alcohol blast burner坩埚钳tong坩埚pot索氏提取器Soxhlet extractor冷凝管cold finger称量瓶weighing bottle注：本词典收录的词汇均为英式英语，读音均以英式发音标注。