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“asabiyyah”，已经被翻译为 “社会团结”、“组团结”或 “民族主义"的核心概念。
I can summarize this in the following diagram:
我总结为以下关系图：
From this insight into the emergence of anthropology in the wider Middle East and its known recent development as a discipline in the West, I can draw the following conclusions:
一种社会矛盾的理论。
He conceived a central concept of ―asabiyyah‖, which has been translated as "social cohesion", "group solidarity", or "tribalism".
他提出的一个核心概念
In addition Ibn Khaldun explained how this cohesion carries groups to power but contains within itself the seeds – psychological, sociological, economic, political – of the group's downfall, to be replaced by a new group, dynasty or empire bound by a stronger cohesion (see Hannoun 2003).
此外，伊本
·赫勒敦解释这种凝聚力如何发挥团 体权力，但是这种凝聚力本身包含了这种权 力 — — 心理、社会、经济、 政治等集团的垮台， 将被替换为一个新的团体，王朝或帝国，这些团 休有着更强的凝聚力 （见Hannoun 2003 年）。
此外，他对宗教和文化，尤其是南亚、
中东 及地中海的人类学写了详细的比较研究。
In addition to exhaustive descriptions and analyses of specificities and mode of life of Berber groups, he made a comparative study of different Arab and Berber genealogists existing well before him and draws his own analysis by concluding that the Berber ancestors came mainly from Syria, while only some tribes particularly Sanhadja and Ketama tribes, came rather from Yemen. 除了详细描述和具体分析柏柏尔人群体生活模式以外， 他还对阿拉伯人和柏柏尔人作了在系谱学出现之前的 比较研究，并从他自己的分析中得出结论，柏柏尔人 的祖先主要来自叙利亚，而只有一些特别的民族 Sanhadja 和 Ketama ，他们更可能来自也门。
“人类学”一词是由希腊语
anthrōpos “人”（理解为人类） 和-logia “学科”组成的。
The aim of this paper is mainly to show the relatively high scientific level in which anthropology emerged in the wider Middle East before it existed as a discipline and, therefore, to remove the label of colonialism often coupled to its emergence.
专业：2014民族学 姓名：周菊芳 学号：20130304045
PPT目录
一．Thus, this paper represents a contribution to …… 二． ……would help to develop…… 三．The term …… is from…… 四．The aim of this paper is mainly to show ……… 五．Concerning ……（sb）conceived a theory of …… 六．（sb） conceived a central concept of …… 七．I can summarize this in the following diagram:…… 八．From this insight into ……I can draw the following conclusions:…… 九．In addition ……
以上图表可以看出人类学在广泛中东地
区的出现和人类学作为一门学科在西方 的最近发展，我可以得出以下结论：
In addition he wrote detailed comparative studies on the anthropology of religions and cultures in the Middle East, Mediterranean and especially South Asia.
对这些人类学和人类学作为学科诞生之前的
历史，以及当前人类学中一些具体问题的论 述，将有助于发展一门真正的全球人类学。
The term "anthropology" is from the Greek anthrōpos (.νθρωπο.), "man" (understood to mean mankind or humanity), and -logia ( - λ ο γ . α ) , " s t u d y " .
本文的主要目的是表明广泛的中东地区
是人类学的摇篮，因此，要摒弃经常被 加在广泛的中东地区是殖民主义的标签。
百度文库
Concerning the discipline of sociology, he conceived a theory of social conflict.
关于社会学的学科，他提出了
Thus, this paper represents a contribution to the universal history of anthropology.
本文重点论述的是全球人类学史。
The knowledge of this history and that of previous and current problems specific to anthropology would help to develop a real global anthropology.
