第一讲名词和冠词
命题者说：名词的考查主要包括名词的辨析、单复数、名词的固定搭配、名词的格、名词在特殊语境中的应用、名词的熟词生义等。
名词词义辨析
(Ⅰ) 示之以范1．(2019·江苏卷)Nowadays the ________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A．priority B．Potential C．proportion D．pension
2．(2018·江苏卷)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the ________ you’ve made.
A．assignment B．association C．acquisition D．assumption
Ⅱ通关点击
名词词义辨析主要考查考生对基本词汇的掌握程度和名词在具体语境中的运用。常见考查形式有：异义词辨析、同义词辨析和近义词辨析。在做题时，先弄清题中每个名词的意义及用法，然后根据语境选择符合句意的名词。
常考的几组名词辨析有：
1．cause，reason，excuse
2．award，reward，prize
3．sight，view，scene，scenery
4．anger，rudeness，regret，panic
5．condition，situation，state，position
6．reputation，influence，impression，attention
7．expectation，reputation，contribution，civilization
8．accommodation，occupation，adaptation，appreciation
在高考词义辨析题中，有一种“熟词生义”题型，即题目中所填的词是考生所熟悉的，但所考查的含义却是不常见的。这就要求考生在掌握单词基本词义的基础上，善于结合不同的语境去体会、感悟单词的含义。
常用名词的熟义和生义
名词熟义生义
failure 失败；故障衰弱，减退
performance 表演，演出表现；成绩
strength 体力，力量优势，长处
point 点；要点；地点意义
honor 荣誉；信用尊重
form 形式表格
cause 原因事业
practice 实践；练习惯例，常规做法
knowledge 知识知道，了解
Ⅲ变式训练
1．(天津卷)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight ________ of rain later tonight.
A．effect B．sense C．change D．chance
2．(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)Widespread ________ about the worsening of environment caused by abandoned plastics has led Collins to name “singleuse”as its Englishlanguage Word of the Year.
A．doubt B．concern C．complaint D．confusion
名词的搭配
1．(2019·天津卷)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways.
A．statement B．impact C．impression D．judgment
2．(江苏卷)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does pushups too to stay ________．
A．in place B．in order C．in shape D．in fashion
高考考查名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：“介词＋名词”和“动词＋名词”。常考的名词短语：
(1)out of one’s reach在某人够不到的地方
beyond recognition 无法辨认
in great demand 需求量很大
in progress 在进行中
out of question 不成问题；无疑
of great value(＝very valuable) 非常有价值的
(2)have/gain access to 可以获得
gain/have an advantage over 胜过，优于
take advantage of 利用，趁……之机
pay attention to 注意
make the best of 充分利用，妥善处理
find fault with 挑……的错；吹毛求疵
keep pace with 与……同步
put an end to 结束……
take notice of 注意到
take...into account 考虑……
catch sight of 看见
have a good reputation 有个好名声
make a difference 有影响；有关系
下列固定搭配中名词用复数形式：make preparations for为……做准备；take pains to do 尽力，刻苦；make (both) ends meet使收支相抵；take turns to do轮流；be in high spirits兴致勃勃；make repairs修理；burst into tears放声大哭；in all directions向四面八方。
1．(浙江卷)Most people work because it’s unavoidable.________，there are some people who actually enjoy work.
A．As a result B．In addition C．By contrast D．In conclusion 2．(湖北卷)When he was running after his brother，the boy lost his ________ and had a bad fall.
A．balance B．chance C．memory D．place
抽象名词具体化
(山东卷)Being able to afford _____drink would be ________comfort in those tough times.
A．the；the B．a；a C．a；不填D．不填；a
抽象名词是表示状态、品质、情感等的名词，通常不与不定冠词连用。但是，当这些抽
