2008考研英语阅读真题翻译

考研英语二2008text3 翻译第一段：①In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet.②If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42.③The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.翻译译文：20世纪60年代初，威尔特·张伯伦是被列入全国篮球协会(NBA) 超过七英尺的仅有三名球员之一。

然而，假若上个赛季他还在打球的话，他就会是42名这样的球员中的一员了。

多年以来，从事主要职业运动的运动员身材发生了显著变化，经理们一直在欣然调整队服，以适合越来越多更大更高的身躯。

第二段：①The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing.②Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people—especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations—apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s.③And they aren’t likely to get any taller.④“In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much goneas far as we can go,”says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University.⑤In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.翻译译文：然而，体育界的这种趋势可能正在掩盖一个未被注意到的事实：美国人的身高总体上已停止增长。

2008 Text 1Paragraph 11、While still catching up to men in some sphere s of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. 尽管女性在现代生活的某些领域一直未能超过男性，但在至少一个不那么受欢迎的领域，女性似乎走在了男性的前面。

1.1 sphere英/sfɪə/ 美/sfɪr/n. 范围；球体adj. 球体的vt. 包围；放入球内；使…成球形1.2 appear to be好像是；仿佛 1.3 undesirable英/ʌndɪ'zaɪərəb(ə)l/ 美/,ʌndɪ'zaɪərəbl/n. 不良分子；不受欢迎的人adj. 不良的；不受欢迎的；不合需要的1.4 category英/'kætɪg(ə)rɪ/ 美/'kætəɡɔri/n. 种类，分类；[数] 范畴2、“Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York`s Veteran`s Administration Hospital. 在纽约退伍军人管理医院工作的首席精神病学家叶沪德博士说，"与男性相比，女性面对压力时特别容易发展成抑郁或焦虑性障碍。

"2.1 susceptible英/sə'septɪb(ə)l/ 美/sə'sɛptəbl/n. 易得病的人adj. 易受影响的；易感动的；容许…的2.2 depression英/dɪ'preʃ(ə)n/ 美/dɪ'prɛʃən/n. 沮丧；忧愁；抑郁症；洼地；不景气；低气压区2.3 disorders英美/dɪs'ɔrdɚ/n. 无秩序，混乱；小病（disorder的复数形式）v. [电子] 扰乱（disorder 的单三形式）anxiety disorders焦虑症；焦虑性障碍2.4 psychiatrist英/saɪ'kaɪətrɪst/ 美/saɪ'kaɪətrɪst/n. 精神病学家，精神病医生2.5 veteran英/'vet(ə)r(ə)n/美/'vɛtərən/n. 老兵;老手;富有经验的人；老运动员adj. 经验丰富的；老兵的2.6 administration英/ədmɪnɪ'streɪʃ(ə)n/ 美/əd,mɪnɪ'streʃən/n. 管理；行政；实施；行政机构Paragraph 21、Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormone s somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. 对人类和动物的研究都表明性激素在某种程度上影响对压力的反应，在同样状况下，处于压力状态下的女性比男性产生更多的触发器化学物质。

2008年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章总体分析这是一篇议论文。

文章主要介绍了个别民族群体智商高于人类平均水平。

文章首段第一句话点明了中心论点。

第二段则分析了产生这一现象的原因——进化的结果。

第三段通过“进化”的纽带把高智商与遗传疾病联系起来，说明高智商的人更容易患上一些遗传疾病。

二、试题具体解析1.[A]selected挑选，选拔[B]prepared准备，打算，愿意(做某事)[C]obliged迫使，责成[D]pleased高兴【答案】B【考点】词义辨析【难度系数】0.236【解析】该空的前后语境为“有些群体的人可能比其他群体更加聪明，这是人们一直不敢明说的假说之一。

但是，不管怎么样，Gregory Cochran说出来”。

显然，从语义上应该可以看出Gregory Cochran表述这一观点是一种主动行为，从而排除A和C；而从第一句可以看出他所研究的这一课题也不应该是一个让人高兴的主题，故排除D。

因此答案只有B。

2.[A]unique独一无二的[B]particular特殊的，独特的[C]special特殊的，特别的[D]rare罕见的，珍贵的【答案】D【考点】固定搭配【难度系数】0.160【解析】从文章内容看，显然该空填入的词应该是用来形容Cochran是一个什么样的人的。

从上文我们可以看到，他总是做一些常人不敢做的事情，显然这个词既要表现他这类人很少，同时要表达出作者对Cochran正面评价，突出其优秀性，四个词中只有D能表达这种语义，故答案为D。

本题从另一个角度来说，a rare bird是一固定搭配，指一类人。

其他三个词与bird搭配都不能指人，同样得出答案为D。

3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against【答案】A【考点】介词搭配【难度系数】0.106【解析】independently只能与选项A介词of搭配，意思是“不依赖于，独立于”。

2008 年考研英语‎真题翻译（划线部分）详解46.He belie‎v es that this very diffi‎c ulty‎may have had the compe‎n sati‎n g advan‎t age of forci‎n g him tothink‎long and inten‎t ly about‎every‎sente‎n ce, and thus enabl‎i ng him to detec‎t error‎s inreaso‎n ingand in his own obser‎v atio‎n s.【考核知识点‎】名词性从句‎和词语用法‎【结构分析】句子的主干‎结构是: He (主语) + belie‎v es (谓语) + that引‎导的宾语从‎句。

that 引导的宾语‎从句的结构‎是: this very diffi‎c ulty‎(主语) + may have had (谓语) +the...advan‎t ageof forci‎n g..., (宾语)。

and thus enabl‎i ng...与adva‎n tage‎of后面f‎o rcin‎g...是并列结构‎，共同修饰advan‎t age。

and thus enabl‎i ng和0‎3年61题‎考过的th‎u s subje‎c ting‎...这个结构几‎乎完全相同‎，可以使用“从而”、“因而”等词来处理‎。

inten‎t ly这个‎单词可以根‎据上下文t‎o think‎long 来猜测。

3637【翻译要点】this very diffi‎c ulty‎无法直接译‎出，必须要将形‎容词ver‎y转化成副‎词译出才通顺。

【参考译文】他认为或许‎正因为(语言表达上‎的)这种困难，他不得不对‎自己要说的‎每句话都经过长‎时间的认真‎思考，从而能发现‎自己在推理‎和观察中的‎错误，结果这反而‎成为他的优点。

2008 Text 1在现代生活中女性就算是在某些领域可以追赶上男性，但至少在一个方面是领先的，尽管是她们不太想要的。

纽约的退伍军管理医院精神科首席医生Yehuda博士说道，和男性相比，女性面对压力时，更容易受到影响，导致抑郁和紧张。

对于动物和人类的研究都显示出性激素会在某种程度去影响面对压力的反应，导致在同样的条件下，女性产生更多的致病化学物质。

在几项研究中，当受到压力的雌鼠的卵巢（雌性的生殖器官）被拿掉后，它们的化学反应变得和那些雄性的一样了。

对于女性来说，除了产生更多的导致压力的化学物质外，她们产生压力的“机会”也更多。

“并不是女性要处理的事情太少，而是她们有更多的事情要处理。

”Yehuda博士说道。

“她们对于压力的承受能力有时候甚至比男性的还大”，她观察到，“她们只是需要处理的事情太多，看起来会更容易精疲力尽。

”Yehuda博士注意到了另一个男女之间的不同点。

“我认为，女性通常要做的事是慢性的，重复的。

而男人去战场，承受的是格斗的压力。

男性面临的更多的是随意的身体上的暴力。

女性面对的人与人之间的暴力是在家庭环境中的。

不幸的是，她们与父母还有其他的家庭成员之间不是能够一次性解决的问题。

这种长期的关系的磨合是更有破坏性的。

Adeline Alvarez 18岁结婚并生了个儿子，但她决定完成大学学业。

“我尽了很大的努力拿到大学学位，因为我在实际生活中有很多的挫折，而这就是我的逃避，去学校，争取上游，做到更好。

”不久后，她离了婚变成一个单亲母亲。

“除了照顾一个十几岁的孩子，还要工作，付房租，养车，还债是最难的事情了。

我的生活就是不停的支付自己的账单。

”不是每个人经历着和Alvarez describes一样的长期的压力，但是大多数女性都在处理着太多的责任，很少得到喘息，从而感到了压力。

Alvarez的经历证明了当压力威胁你的健康和正常生理功能之前解压是非常重要的。

2008 Text 2原本一切都很简单。

2008年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s） for each numbered blank and mark ［A］, [B], [C] or [D］ on ANSWER SHEET 1。

(10 points）The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name。

But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird， a scientist who works independently3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested。

5 he， however， might tremble at the6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others， but explains the process that has brought this about。

2008年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题文章翻译Section I Use of English对于一些假设，人们尽管承认其合理性却不敢提出来，“有些民族同其他民族相比天资聪颖”就是这样的假设之一，但Gregory Cochran准备将其提出。

他是个少见的人，独立工作，不属于任何研究机构，曾经使这样一种观点得到普及，即人们以前并不认为是由细菌引起的一些疾病，实际上也是传染病，而这一观点一经提出就引发了大量争论。

但即使是他这样的人，一想到自己将要做的事也可能会不寒而栗。

他同其他两位科学家一起发表了一篇文章，这篇文章中不仅提出有些民族比其他民族聪明，而且解释了产生这一现象的过程。

他们所讨论的是源于欧洲中部的一个特殊民族，这一过程就是自然选择。

这一民族通常在智商（IQ）测试中都会取得很好的成绩，比平均值100高出12-15分，而且他们对西方的学术和文化生活做出了贡献，其中的精英分子，包括闻名世界的科学家，用自己的事业证实了这一点。

另一方面，与多数人相比，他们更容易患有很多严重的遗传病，例如乳癌。

然而以前认为这些现象之间是没有关联的。

人们把前者归因于社会影响，如尊重教育的坚定传统，而后者被看作是遗传隔离的结果。

Cochran博士指出智商和疾病是紧密联系的，他认为这些民族非同寻常的历史使他们服从于进化的压力，而进化的压力导致了这一看似矛盾的事实。

Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1现代生活中，女性仍在很多方面努力超越男性，但她们似乎已经在一个领域位居前列，尽管这一领域并不令人满意。

纽约退伍军人管理医院的首席精神病专家Yehuda医生说：“同男性相比，女性在面临压力时更容易产生精神紊乱和焦虑不安。

”针对动物以及人类所做的研究表明，性荷尔蒙在一定程度上影响面临压力时所作出的反应，面临压力的女性与同样条件下的男性相比，会产生更多的突发化学物质。

在一些研究中，当研究人员将极度紧张的雌鼠卵巢（女性生殖器官）切除，雌鼠产生的化学反应与雄鼠相同。

2008 Text 1Paragraph 11、While still catching up to men in some sphere s of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. 尽管女性在现代生活的某些领域一直未能超过男性，但在至少一个不那么受欢迎的领域，女性似乎走在了男性的前面。

1.1 sphere英/sfɪə/ 美/sfɪr/n. 范围；球体adj. 球体的vt. 包围；放入球内；使…成球形1.2 appear to be好像是；仿佛 1.3 undesirable英/ʌndɪ'zaɪərəb(ə)l/ 美/,ʌndɪ'zaɪərəbl/n. 不良分子；不受欢迎的人adj. 不良的；不受欢迎的；不合需要的1.4 category英/'kætɪg(ə)rɪ/ 美/'kætəɡɔri/n. 种类，分类；[数] 范畴2、“Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York`s Veteran`s Administration Hospital. 在纽约退伍军人管理医院工作的首席精神病学家叶沪德博士说，"与男性相比，女性面对压力时特别容易发展成抑郁或焦虑性障碍。

"2.1 susceptible英/sə'septɪb(ə)l/ 美/sə'sɛptəbl/n. 易得病的人adj. 易受影响的；易感动的；容许…的2.2 depression英/dɪ'preʃ(ə)n/ 美/dɪ'prɛʃən/n. 沮丧；忧愁；抑郁症；洼地；不景气；低气压区2.3 disorders英美/dɪs'ɔrdɚ/n. 无秩序，混乱；小病（disorder的复数形式）v. [电子] 扰乱（disorder 的单三形式）anxiety disorders焦虑症；焦虑性障碍2.4 psychiatrist英/saɪ'kaɪətrɪst/ 美/saɪ'kaɪətrɪst/n. 精神病学家，精神病医生2.5 veteran英/'vet(ə)r(ə)n/美/'vɛtərən/n. 老兵;老手;富有经验的人；老运动员adj. 经验丰富的；老兵的2.6 administration英/ədmɪnɪ'streɪʃ(ə)n/ 美/əd,mɪnɪ'streʃən/n. 管理；行政；实施；行政机构Paragraph 21、Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormone s somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. 对人类和动物的研究都表明性激素在某种程度上影响对压力的反应，在同样状况下，处于压力状态下的女性比男性产生更多的触发器化学物质。

2008年 Text 1While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. ―Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,‖ according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.现代生活中，女性在很多领域仍然在追赶男性，但是至少在一个令人不快的方面，她们却远远超过了男性，尽管这并不是她们所乐意看到的。

―和男人相比，女性在压力下尤其容易患抑郁症或焦虑症。

‖纽约老兵管理医院的精神科主治医师Yehuda博士说道。

Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.有关人类和动物的研究都表明性激素在某种程度上会影响对于压力的反应，导致承受压力的雌性动物和女性人类相比雄性动物和男性人类而言，在同等条件下更加容易产生引发以上病症的化学物质。

Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but regardless of whether it is or isn’t –we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,” as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that w e don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and –without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. but that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.” Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that i f we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless.57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.B) It is an issue requiring world wide commitments. C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.D) Very little will be done to bring it under control.58. According to the author’s understanding, what is Al Gore’s view on global warming?A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______.A) economic growthB) the widening gap between the rich and poorC) wasteful use of energyD) the rapid advances of science and technology60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.A) politicians have started to do something to better the situationB) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy useC) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warmingD) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems61. What is the message the author intends to convey?A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technologyC) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.全球变暖可能是也可能不是伟大的21世纪的环境危机,但不管是否或不是我们不会做。

2008 年考研英语真题翻译（划线部分）详解46.He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him tothink long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoningand in his own observations.【考核知识点】名词性从句和词语用法【结构分析】句子的主干结构是: He (主语) + believes (谓语) + that引导的宾语从句。

that 引导的宾语从句的结构是: this very difficulty (主语) + may have had (谓语) +the...advantageof forcing..., (宾语)。

and thus enabling...与advantage of后面forcing...是并列结构，共同修饰advantage。

and thus enabling和03年61题考过的thus subjecting...这个结构几乎完全相同，可以使用“从而”、“因而”等词来处理。

intently这个单词可以根据上下文to think long 来猜测。

3637【翻译要点】this very difficulty无法直接译出，必须要将形容词very转化成副词译出才通顺。

【参考译文】他认为或许正因为(语言表达上的)这种困难，他不得不对自己要说的每句话都经过长时间的认真思考，从而能发现自己在推理和观察中的错误，结果这反而成为他的优点。

【评分样题】He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage (0.5分)of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, (0.5分)and thus enabling him to detect errors (0.5分)in reasoning and in his own observations. (0.5分）例1.他相信他在这方面的困难(清楚而准确地表达自己)会在另一方面得到补偿，那就是这会使他更长时间更专注地思考每一个句子，从而让他能够发现推理和他自己观察中的错误。

2008 Text 4In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw – having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.1784，52岁的乔治•华盛顿在成为美国总统5年前，牙齿就几乎已经掉光了。

他专门请牙医从他的奴隶口中拔出九颗牙齿种在自己的身上。

transplant [træns'plɑ:nt] vt. 移居,移植,迁移vi. 移居,移植n. 移居者,移植【例】Santillan waited three years for the first transplant. 为了找到合适的心肺进行移植，桑提连已经等了足足三年。

That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.①They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong – and yet most did little to fight it..这跟很多人在历史书上读到过的那个砍樱桃树的华盛顿有点大相径庭。