非谓语动词的用法详解

非谓语动词

非谓语动词有3种：不定式，动名词和分词。

不定式

不定式由“to do”构成，其否定式“not to do”。不定式可带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有语态的变化，不定式可作主，宾，定，状，补，表，不能单独作谓语。

一. 不定式的用法

1 作主语

To see is to believe.

It is right to give up smoking.

2 作表语

My job is to teach English.

3 作宾语

He wanted to go.

I find it hard to work with him.

常见用不定式作宾语的动词:

want, wish, like, decide, help, ask, agree, afford, arrange, care, determine, fail, guarantee, hesitate, hope, hurry, manage, offer, pretend, promise, seek, prepare, refuse, swear, expec t, plan, would like, make up one’s mind, be determined

4 作补语

He asked me to open the door.

常见用不定式作宾补的动词:

advise, allow, permit, forbid, ask, beg, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, like, order, peruade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, consider

practice:

* 在感官动词feel, hear, listen to, see, look, notice, watch, observe,和使役动词make, let, have等后的补语中，不定式不带to，但这些句子变成

被动结构时，就必须带to

I often hear him sing the song.

He is often heard to sing the song.

5 作定语

He is looking for a room to live in.

There’s nothing to worry about.

不定式作定语的用法：

6 作状语

I came here to see you. (表目的) in order to / so as to

We were excited to hear the news. （表原因）

He hurried to the school (only) to find nobody there.（表结果

7 疑问词+不定式，在句中起名词作用，可作主，宾，表

He didn’t know what to say.

How to solve the problem is very important.

My question is when to start.

8 作插入语

To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you.

to be sure to be frank to sum up to begin /start with

to make matters worse to be brief

二不定式的时态，语态

1 一般式：表示的动作与谓语动作同时或在它之后发生

He pretended not to know me when I met him in the street.

2 进行式：表示动作发生时，不定式动作正在发生

He pretended to be reading English when I entered the classroom.

3 完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动作之前

He is said to have learned English in Britain for a year.

The flowers need to be watered.

A railway is said to be being built now.

No harm seems to have been done.

四不定式的省略

为避免重复可用to来代替前面的不定式，常出现在下列动词后expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try 或出现在be glad, be happy, would like/love后eg: I haven’t been to Hong Kong, but I wish to.

--- Would you come to the party?--- I’d love to, but…

如果在省略不定式中含有be, have, have been 等系动词或助动词，这些词要保留。

eg: --- Are you on holiday?--- No, but I’d like to be.

--- I didn’t tell him the news. --- Oh, you ought to have.

动名词

动名词由动词+ing构成，具有动词和名词性质，其否定式在前加not, 在句中起名词的作用，可作主，宾，表，定语。

一动名词的作用

1 作主语