2018年山东科技大学843专业设计考研真题试题试卷

山东科技大学2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试基础英语试卷PART I GRAMMAR&VOCABULARY(20points)Directions:There are20incomplete sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1.The newly-built Science Building seems________enough to last a hundred years.A)spacious B)sophisticated C)substantial D)ready2.Once you get to know your mistakes,you should______them as soon as possible.A)rectify B)reclaim C)refrain D)reckon3.The circus has always been very popular because it______both the old and the young.A)immerses B)indulges C)fascinates D)facilitates4.These melodious folk songs are generally_____to Smith,a very important musician of the century.A)devoted B)contributed C)composed D)ascribed5.Some of the words employed by Shakespeare in his works have become_______and are no longerused in the present days.A)obsolete B)obscene C)obvious D)oblique6.Nancy’s gone to work but her car’s still there.She______by bus.A)should have goneB)must have goneC)ought to have goneD)could have gone7.After______seemed an endless wait,it was his turn to enter the personnel manager’s office.A)that B)it C)what D)there8.I hope all the precautions against air pollution,_____suggested by the local government,will beseriously considered here.A)while B)since C)after D)as9._______that should be given priority to.A)It is what has the government decidedB)It is what the government has decidedC)It is only the government has decidedD)It is the government has decided10.Mobility is one of the characteristics often______executives,and they must accustom themselvesto moving quite regularly.A)demanded of B)asked for C)expected from D)called for11.I found it difficult to______my career ambitions with the need to bring up my children.A)consolidate B)intensify C)amend D)reconcile12.While crossing the mountain area,all the men carried guns lest they_______by wild animals.A)should be attackedB)had been attackedC)must be attackedD)would be attacked13.I am surprised_______this city is a dull place to live in.A)that you would thinkB)that you should thinkC)by what you are thinkingD)with what you were thinking14.Living in the western part of the country has its problems,______obtaining fresh water is not theleast.A)with which B)for which C)of which D)which15.Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field,he succeeded_____othermore well-informed experimenters failed.A)which B)that C)what D)where16.“May I speak to your manager Mr.Williams at five o’clock tonight?”“I’m sorry.Mr.Williams______to a conference long before then.”A)will have gone B)had gone C)would have gone D)has gone17.It was recommended that passengers_____smoke during the flight.A)not B)need not C)could not D)would not18.It’s amazing that two researchers working independently made the same discovery_____.A)spontaneously B)simultaneously C)collaboratively D)conscientiously19.He could produce no evidence_______his argument.A)in respect of B)in view of C)in support of D)on account of20.You must either_____to the rules or leave the schoo1.A)contempt B)contend C)conform D)confrontPART II READING COMPREHENSION(40points)Directions:There are four passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and write the answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions21to25are based on the following passage.Everybody loves a fat pay rise.Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.Indeed,if he has a reputation for slacking,you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just been published in Nature,suggests that it is all too monkey,as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.They look cute.They are good-natured,co-cooperative creatures,and they share their food readily.Above all,like their femalehuman counterparts they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of“goods and services”than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr.Brosnan’s and Dr.de Waal’s study.The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food.Normally,the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber.However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers,so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock,their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins,grapes are luxury goods(and much preferable to cucumbers).So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token,the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber,or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.Indeed,the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber(without an actual monkey to eat it)was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys,like humans,are guided by social emotions.In the wild,they are a co-operative,group-living species.Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.Feelings of righteous indignation,it seems,are not the preserve of people alone.Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.However,whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had35million years ago,is, as yet,an unanswered question.21.In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his topic by_______A)posing a contrast B)justifying an assumptionC)making a comparison D)explaining a phenomenon22.The statement“it is all too monkey”(Last line,Paragraph1)implies that_______A)monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.B)resenting unfairness is also monkeys’nature.C)monkeys,like humans,tend to be jealous of each other.D)no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are_______A)more inclined to weigh what they get.B)attentive to researchers’instructions.C)nice in both appearance and temperament.D)more generous than their male companions.24.Dr.Brosnan and Dr.de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys________A)prefer grapes to cucumbers.B)can be taught to exchange things.C)will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.D)are unhappy when separated from others.25.When can we infer from the last paragraph?A)Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B)Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C)Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D)Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Questions26to30are based on the following passage.“Masterpieces are dumb”wrote Flaubert.“They have a tranquil aspect like the very products of nature,like large animals and mountains.”He might have been thinking of War and Peace,that vast, silent work,unfathomable and simple,provoking endless questions through the majesty of its being. Tolstoy’s simplicity is“overpowering,”says the critic Bayley,“disconcerting,”because it comes from “his casual assumption that the world is as he sees it”;like other19th century Russian writers he is “impressive”because he“means what he says.”But he stands apart from all others and from most Western writers in his identity with life,which is so complete as to make us forget he is an artist.He is the center of his work,but his egocentricity is of a special kind.“Goethe,for example,”says Bayley,“cared for nothing but himself.”Tolstoy was nothing but himself.For all his varied modes of writing and the multiplicity of characters in his fiction,Tolstoy and his work are of a piece.The famous“conversion”of his middle years,movingly recounted in his Confession, was a culmination of his early spiritual life,not a departure from it.The apparently fundamental changes that led from epic narrative to dogmatic parable,from a joyous,buoyant attitude toward life to pessimism and cynicism,from War and Peace to The Kreutzer Sonata,came from the same restless, impressionable depths of an independent spirit yearning to get at the truth of its experience.“Truth is my hero,”wrote Tolstoy in his youth,reporting the fighting in Sebastopol.Truth remained his hero-his own, not others’truth.Others were awed by Napoleon,believed that a single man could change the destinies of nations,adhered to meaningless rituals,formed their tastes on established canons of art.Tolstoy reversed all preconceptions,and in every reversal he overthrew the“system”,the“machine,”the externally ordained belief,the conventional behavior in favor of unsystematic,impulsive life,of inward motivation and the solutions of independent thought.In his work the artificial and genuine are always exhibited in dramatic opposition:the supposedly great Napoleon and the truly great,unregarded little Captain Tushin,or Nicholas Rostov’s actual experience in battle and his later account for it.The simple is always pitted against the elaborate. Knowledge gained from observation against assertions of borrowed faiths.Tolstoy’s magical simplicity is a produce of these tensions;his work is a record of the questions he put to himself and of his fiction exemplify this search,and their happiness depends on the measure of their answer.Tolstoy wanted happiness,but only hard-won happiness,that emotional fulfillment and intellectual clarity which could come only as the price of all-consuming effort.He scorned lesser satisfaction.26.Which of the following can best summarize Flaubert’s statement in the first paragraph?A)The most important aspects of good art are the orderliness and tranquility.B)Masterpieces seem ordinary and unremarkable from the perspective of a later age.C)Important works of art take their place in the pageant of history with uniqueness.D)Great works of art do not explain themselves any more than natural objects do.27.The author quotes from Bayley to show that Tolstoy________A)writes novels that are reports of copying actual events.B)maintains no self-conscious distance from his experience.C)often writes his works in a quite simple way.D)works casually to make his works with inexplicable truth.28.What’s the author’s attitude towards Tolstoy?A)She deprecates the cynicism of his later works.B)She finds him theatrically artificial.C)She admires his wholehearted sincerity.D)She thinks his inconsistency disturbing.29.According to the passage,Tolstoy’s conversion is_______A)a radical renunciation of the world.B)the natural consequence of his early beliefs.C)the acceptance of a religion he had rejected.D)the rejection of avant-garde ideas.30.We can infer the following from the passage EXCEPT that______A)Confession belongs to an early period of Tolstoy’s work.B)in his works Tolstoy might express his discontent to the society.C)the hero wouldn’t obtain happiness if he couldn’t get the answer.D)the easily-obtained happiness is rejected by Tolstoy.Questions31to35are based on the following passage.In most sectors of the economy,it is the seller who attempts to act a potential buyer with various inducements of price,quality,and utility,and it is the buyer who makes the decision.In the health care industry,however,the doctor-patient relationship is a mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer.Once an individual has chosen to see a physician,the physician usually makes all significant purchasing decisions:whether the patient should return“next Wednesday”,whether X-rays are needed,whether drugs should be prescribed,etc.This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care.The physician must certify the need for hospitalization,determine what procedures will be performed,and announce when the patient may be discharged.The patient maybe consulted about some of these decisions,but in the main it is the doctor’s judgments that are final.Little wonder then that in the eyes of the hospital it is the physician who is the real“consumer”.As a consequence,the medical staff represents the“power center”in hospital policy and decision-making,not the administration.Although usually,there are in this situation four identifiable participants—the physician,the hospital,the patient and the payer(generally an insurance carrier or government)—the physician makes the essential decision for all of them.The hospital becomes an extension of the physician;the payer generally meets most of the bona fide bills generated by the physician/hospital;and for the most part, the patient plays a passive role.In routine or minor illnesses,or just plain worries,the patient’s options are,of course,much greater with respect to use and price.But in illnesses that are of some significance, such choice tends to evaporate.And it is for these illness that the bulk of the health care dollar is spent.We estimate that about75~80percent of health care expenditures are determined by physicians,not patients.For this reason,economy measures directed at patients or the general public are relatively ineffective.31.In this passage,the author’s primary purpose is to________.A)criticize doctor for exercising too much control over patientB)analyze some important economic factors in health careC)urge hospitals to reclaim their decision-making authorityD)inform potential patient of their health care rights32.It can be inferred that doctors are able to determine hospital policies because________.A)it is doctors who generate income for the hospitalB)most of a patient’s bills are paid by his health insuranceC)a doctor is ultimately responsible for a patient’s healthD)administrations lack the expertise to question medical decisions33.According to the author,when a doctor tells a patient to“return next Wednesday”,the doctor is ineffect________.A)taking advantage of the patient’s concern for his healthB)instructing the patient to buy more medical serviceC)warning the patient that a hospital stay might be necessaryD)advising the patient to seek a second opinion34.The author is most probably leading up to________.A)a proposal to control medical costB)a discussion of new medical treatmentC)a comparison of hospitals and factoriesD)an analysis of causes inflation in the U.S.35.The tone of the author can be best described as_________.A)whimsicalB)cautiousC)analyticalD)inquisitiveQuestions36to40are based on the following passage.In order to tell what I believe,I must briefly sketch something of my personal history.The turning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising business career and study music.My parents,although sympathetic,and sharing my love of music,disapproved of it as a profession.This was understandable in view of the family background.My grandfather had taught music for nearly forty years at Springhill College in Mobile and,though much beloved and respected in the community,earned barely enough to provide for his large family.My father often said it was only the hardheaded thriftiness of my grandmother that kept the wolf at bay.As a consequence of this example in the family,the very mention of music as a profession carried with it a picture of a precarious existence with uncertain financial rewards.My parents insisted upon college instead of a conservatory of music,and to college I went—quite happily,as I remember,for although I loved my violin and spent most of my spare time practicing,I had many other interests.Before my graduation form Columbia,the family met with severe financial reverses and I felt it my duty to leave college and take a job.Thus I launched upon a business career—which I always think of as the wasted years.Now I do not for a moment mean to disparage business.My whole point is that it was not for me.I went into it for money,and aside from the satisfaction of being able to help the family,money is all I got out of it.It was not enough.I felt that life was passing me by.From being merely discontented I became acutely miserable.My one ambition was to save enough to quit and go to Europe to study music.I used to get up at dawn to practice before I left for“downtown”,distracting my poor mother by bolting a hasty breakfast at the last minute.Instead of lunching with my business associates,I would seek out some cheap café,order a meager meal and scribble my harmony exercises.I continued to make money,and finally,bit by bit,accumulated enough to enable me to go abroad.The family being once more solvent, and my help no longer necessary,I resigned from my position and,feeling like a man released from jail, sailed for Europe.I stayed four years,worked harder than I had ever dreamed of working before and enjoyed every minute of it.“Enjoyed”is too mild a word.I walked on air.I really lived.I was a free man and I was doing what I loved to do and what I was meant to do.If I had stayed in business,I might be a comparatively wealthy man today,but I do not believe I would have made a success of living.I would have given up all those intangibles,those inner satisfactions,that money can never buy,and that are too often sacrificed when a man’s primary goal is financial success.When I broke away from business,it was against the advice of practically all my friends and family. So conditioned are most of us to the association of success with money that the thought of giving up a good salary for an idea seemed little short of insane.If so,all I can say is“Gee!It’s great to be crazy.”Money is a wonderful thing,but it is possible to pay too high a price for it.36.What is the rhetoric device used in the sentence“it was only the hardheaded thriftiness of mygrandmother that kept the wolf at bay”in Paragraph Two?A)Synecdoche B)SimileC)Personification D)Metaphor37.The point of Paragraph Four is about_______A)how painfully the author endured his business career for his goal of music.B)how boring the author’s business career was that he could not wait to quit.C)how busy the author’s business career was that he rarely had good breakfasts.D)how depressed the author felt because he had to support the whole family.38.The sentence“I walked on air”in Paragraph Five indicates that the author______A)could not find his place in a totally new environment.B)felt at loss when beginning a new life away from home.C)was exceedingly happy because he had quitted his job which he didn’t like to do.D)felt elevated and optimistic because he was doing what he loved to do.39.According to the author’s view,money is_______A)nothing but impediment to success.B)valuable but not the most important.C)sometimes equaled to success.D)capable of offering people freedom.40.To the author,the real success in his life is_______A)to help his family out of financial trouble.B)to earn enough money so as to do what he wants to do.C)to gain inner satisfaction from what he loves to do.D)to work hard and try to enjoy the work itself.PART III TRANSLATION(50points)SECTION A:CHINESE TO ENGLISH(25points)Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into English.哲学家有些不食人间烟火，他远离田野车间，甚至也不拿天文望远镜观察天体，而只是坐在静谧的书斋里读书、思考，思索那些具有终极意义、虚无缥缈的本体问题。

山东科技大学
2018年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：数据结构与操作系统 科目代码：823
《数据结构》部分
一、简答题（30分，每题5分）
1、串、数组、广义表从元素间关系上可以看成线性结构，它们与
一般意义上的线性表相比有何特殊性？
2、借助栈可以实现更复杂的操作，请简述如何利用栈实现对表达
式中括号是否匹配的检验。

3、基于关键字比较的查找算法所能达到最优时间复杂度是？能否
设计一种与问题规模无关的查找算法？请给出基本思路。

4、图的广度优先遍历与树的何种遍历策略相似？请给出简单解释。

5、《数据结构》中经常采用“树形化组织”的方式来整理数据，
比如折半查找表、二叉排序树、大顶堆/小顶堆等，请简述这样
做的优点。

6、何为稳定的排序方法？何为不稳定的排序方法？哪些排序算法
是不稳定的？
二、综合应用题（40分，每题10分）
1、假设用于通信的电文共有8个字母A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H组成，字
母在电文中出现的频率分别是{0.2，0.04，0.06，0.02，0.12，
0.24，0.25，0.07}。

①试为这8个字符设计哈夫曼编码；
②试设计另一种由二进制表示的等长编码方案；。

Part I Reading Comprehension (2*25=50 points)Directions: There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best choice.Passage 1Children learn almost nothing from television, and the more they watch the less they remember. They regard television purely as entertainment, resent programs that demand on them and are surprised that anybody should take the medium seriously. Far from being over-excited by programs, they are mildly bored with the whole thing. These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television. The author——Cardiac Cullingford confirms that the modern child is a dedicated viewer. The study suggests that there is little point in the later hours. More than a third of the children regularly watch their favorite programs after 9 p.m. All 11-year-olds have watched programs after midnight.Apart from the obvious waste of time involved, it seems that all this viewing has little effect. Children don’t pay close attention, says Cullingford, and they can recall few details. They can remember exactly which programs they have seen but they can rarely explain the elements of a particular plot. “Reca ll was in reverse proportion to the amount they had watched”. It is precisely because television, unlike a teacher, demands so little attention and response that children like it, argues Cullingford. Programs seeking to put over serious messages are strongly disliked. So are people who frequently talk on screen. What children like most, and remember best, are the advertisements. They see them as short programs in their own right and particularly enjoy humorous presentation. But again, they react strongly against high-pressure advertisements that attempt openly to influence them.On the other hand, they are not emotionally involved in the programs. If they admire the stars, it is because the actors lead glamorous lives and earn a lot of money, not because of their fictional skills with fast cars and shooting villains. They are perfectly clear about the functions of advertisements; by the age of 12, only one in 10 children believes what even favorite ads say about the product. And says Cullingford, educational television is probably least successful of all in imparting attitudes or information.1. The study of children and television shows that_______.A. it is useless for television companies to delay adult viewing to the later hours.B. It is a waste of time for children to watch adult programs on TV.C. Children should not watch television programs late into the night.D. Children are supposed to learn a lot from television programs.2. “Recall was in reverse proportion to the amount they had watched” (in Para.2) has almost the same meaning as________.A. “the more they watch the less they remember”. (in Para. 1)B. “Programs seeking to put over serious messages are strongly disliked”. (in Para. 2)C.“They see them as short programs in their own right”. (in Para. 2)D. “educational television is probably least successful of all in imparting attitudes or information”. (in Para. 3)3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the new study of children and television?A. Some children stay up late to watch the programs they likeB. Children enjoy watching challenging programs.C. Children don’t like serious messages and high-pressured ads.D. Though children like watching ads, most of them don't believe what ads say about the product.4. Cullingford concludes that_______.A. children are excited when they watch TV.B. Watching TV has little real effect on children.C. Parents should spend less time watching TV.D. Parents should be worried about the effect of TV on children.5. Whom would the result of the new study upset?A. The advertisers.B. The children viewers.C. The movie stars.D. The educators.Passage 2Mrs. Lester kept on asking her husband to take her to the ballet. Mr. Lester hates the ballet, but when his employers invited him and his wife, he could not get out of it. As they drove to the theatre that evening, the fog got worse and worse. The traffic slowed down to a walking pace and almost stopped. When they eventually got to the theatre, the ballet was over. Mrs. Lester could not work out how it had taken them so long to get there, even taking the fog into account. The theatre was within walking distance of their house. It took her a long time to get over the disappointment.A month later, Mrs. Lester found out what had happened. Mr. Lester told a friend of his that he had taken wrong turning on purpose. This friend told his wife, and the wife immediately went around to tell Mrs. Lester. The two women began to plan revenge. One day, when Mr. Lester was not in, they broke into his study, which he always locked. His hobby was collecting old coins. Mrs. Lester had already worked out how much his collection was worth: $850! They were taking some coins out of the case when they heard a car pull upoutside the house. Mrs. Lester quickly switched the light off, and they waited, holding their breath. The front door opened and Mr. Lester came in. They heard him take his coat off. He walked towards the study door and opened it. There was no chance for the women to get away without being seen. Mr. Lester switched the light on and was astounded to see his wife standing there with a handful of valuable coins. It took both husband and wife a long time to get over this.6. Which of the following is correct?A. Mr. Lester likes to watch ballet.B. Mrs. Lester likes to watch ballet.C. Both of them like to watch balletD. Neither of them likes to watch ballet.7. It was quite ____when they drove to the theatre.A. rainyB. stormyC. cloudyD. foggy8. The theater is _____from Mr. and Mrs. L ester’s.A. an hour-drivingB. in the other side of the cityC. very nearD. half an hour of bicycle riding9. The wife of Mr. Lester’s friend is a_____.A. social workerB. house cleanerC. baby sitterD. gossip10. How many persons are mentioned in this story?A. ThreeB. FourC. FiveD. Six.Passage 3Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women’s education may be unusual terri tory for economists, but enhancing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives, provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else’s family and bear children. Girls are thus se en as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect.An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.11. The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is _______.A. rewardingB. troublesomeC. expensiveD. labor-saving12. By saying “... the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling...” (Para. 2), the author means that __.A. girls will eventually find their goals in life beyond reachB. girls will be increasingly discontented with their life at homeC. girls will be capable of realizing their own dreamsD. girls will turn out to be less valuable than boys13. The author believes that a vicious circle can turn into a virtuous circle when _______.A. women care more about educationB. parents can afford their daughters’ educationC. girls can gain equal access to educationD. a family has fewer but healthier children14. What does the author say about women’s education?A. It has aroused the interest of a growing number of economists.B. It will yield greater returns than other known investments.C. It is now given top priority in many developing countries.D. It deserves greater attention than other social issues.15. The passage mainly discusses _______.A. unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countriesB. the major contributions of educated women to societyC. the economic and social benefits of educating womenD. the potential earning power of well-educated womenPassage 4David Thomson is an electronics technician, trained by the U.S. Navy, who writes instruction books for complicated equipment. He believes that every person is surrounded by a force field that can broadcast emotions to other human beings. The ability to receive such fo rce fields, Thomson believes, explains how one can sense another’s fear, nervousness, aggression, panic, or friendliness.This theory of emotional communication occurred to Thomson when he told a psychiatrist, Dr. Jack Ward, that he was certain his own hypertension made those near him uncomfortable. To demonstrate the theory, Thomson constructed a transmitter capable ofgenerating an electromagnetic field similar to that of a man beset by hyper anxiety. For a year, with this in his pocket, Thomson made people miserable. He would find a hungry man delightedly preparing to eat a steak in a restaurant, turn on the transmitter, and watch as the man became tense and irritable and finally left with his steak uneaten. In another test, Thomson cleared a crowded room in fifteen minutes. Such an exodus could not be due, Thomson observed, to personality problems alone.Dr. Ward, who had become Thomson’s partner, insisted that there was already misery enough in the world. Thomson fashioned a “happiness transmitter,” which can duplicate the force field of a contented man. University psychologists in the United States report some encouraging results in current tests of the Thomson-and-Ward transmitter.The “happiness machine” has many possibilities. Thomson has speculated on its use near disturbed or anxious patients in hospitals, and in unruly crowds. Tranquility, like panic and violence, may be contagious.16. The theory is based on belief in the existence of______.A. complicated equipmentB. individual force fieldsC. nervousnessD. aggression17. The theory occurred to Thomson because he was convinced that people near him .A. could hypnotize himB. could make him feel uncomfortableC. were reading his thoughts D were affected by his hypertension18. For his first demonstrations, Thomson chose people who____.A. were in a happy moodB. seemed hyper anxiousC. were aggressiveD. Both B and C19. The Thomson-and-Ward transmitter was constructed because____.A. university psychologists suggested itB. the “misery machine” had not workedC. Dr. Ward felt there was misery enoughD. Police forces asked for it20. Thomson has speculated on_____.A. some helpful uses of a “happiness machine”B. possi ble wrongful uses of a “happiness machine”C. the disadvantages of a tranquil populationD. the final report on the psychologists’ testsPassage 5Does a bee know what is going on in its mind when it navigates its way to distant food sources and back to the hive, using polarized sunlight and the tiny magnet it carries as a navigational aid? Or is the bee just a machine, unable to do its mathematics and dance its language in any other way? To use Dondald Griffin’s term, does a bee have “awareness”, or to use a phrase I like better, can a bee think and imagine?There is an experiment for this, or at least an observation, made long ago by Karl von Firsch and more recently confirmed by James Gould in Princeton. Biologists who wish to study such things as bee navigation, language, and behavior in general have to train their bees to fly from the hive to one or another special place. To do this, they begin by placing a source of sugar very close to the hive so that the bees (considered by their trainers to be very dumb beasts) can learn what the game is about. Then, at regular interval, the dish or whatever is moved progressively farther and farther from the hive, in increments of about 25 percent at each move. Eventually, the target is being moved 100 feet or more at a jump, very far from the hive. Sooner or later, while this process is going on, the biologist shifting the dish of sugar will find the bees are out there waiting for them, precisely where the next position had been planned. This is an uncomfortable observation to make.21. The best title for the passage is_____A. Teaching the Bees to NavigateB. Testing the Awareness of BeesC. Navigational Techniques of BeesD. Behaviorists Versus Biologists: A Zoological Debate22. The word “awareness” in Paragrap h One appears in quotation marks in order to ____A. show the author’s preference for the termB. indicate that it is being used humorouslyC. acknowledge Donald Griffin’s previous use of the termD. point out that it was used differently earlier in the passage23. In the second paragraph Karl von Frisch is mentionedA. to introduce his observation on bee behaviorB. to contrast his theories with those of James GouldC. acknowledge Donald Griffin’s previous use of the termD. point out that it was used differently earlier in the passage24. According to the author, sugar was used in the study______A. to reward the bees for performing the experiment correctlyB. to train the bees to travel to a particular placeC. to ensure that the bees knew where the hive wasD. to ensure that the bees would obey the orders25. The result of the experiment explained in the passage seems to indicate that______A. research using bees is too dangerous to be conducted successfullyB. bees are unable to navigate beyond 100 feet their hiveC. scientists can teach bees to navigateD. bees are able to perform limited reasoning tasksPart II Vocabulary and Structure (0.5*40=20 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1. If you lie once, people will think of you as a liar and interpret your remarks ______.A. certainlyB. accordinglyC. approximatelyD. appropriately2. The lightning flashed and thunder ______.A. bumpedB. struckC. collidedD. crashed3. Success in money-making is not always a good ______ of real success in life.A. essenceB. qualificationC. decreeD. criterion4. Because a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is a symbol of ______ love.A. extravagantB. prominentC. eternalD. sincere5. This is a complete ______ for enforcing the new welfare regulations.A. legislationB. blueprintC. leaseD. penalty6. The policeman tried to ______ the teenage driver to obey the traffic laws rather than fine him directly.A. induceB. perplexC. indulgeD. lure7. He kept making ______ remarks instead of straight forward yes-or-no replies.A. opaqueB. ambiguousC. doubtfulD. oriental8. The managing director took the _____ for the accident, although it was not really his fault.A. guiltB. claimC. blameD. accusation9. There is something wrong with my TV set, I must have it ______.A. checkingB. checkC. to checkD. checked10. All flights ______ because of the storm, they decided to take the train.A. having cancelledB. were cancelledC. have been cancelledD. having been cancelled11. At last they succeeded ______ the job.A. to persuade him toB. in persuading him to takeC. to persuade him takingD. in persuading him taking12. The electric shaver ______ before it can be used.A. needs repairingB. requires to repairB. should be in repair D. has to be repairable13. You can fly to London this evening ______ you don’t mind changing planes in Paris.A. providedB. exceptC. unlessD. so far as14. The factory ______ next year will be one of the largest in this city.A. to buildB. to be builtC. being builtD. having been built15. Don’t say anything at the meeting unless ______.A. askingB. askedC. being askedD. to be asked16. There are several ______ leaves on the ground.A. fallingB. fallenC. to fallD. fell17. The price was very reasonable; I would gladly have paid ______ he asked.A. three times much asB. three times as many asC. as three times much asD. three times as much as18. We’d better wait ______, Peter and Tom will come very soon.A. a little longerB. more longerC. longD. as longer19. The doctors have tried ______ to save the life of the wounded soldier.A. everything possible humanlyB. humanly everything possibleC. everything humanly possibleD. humanly possible everything20. I was worried very muc h because I’ll miss my flight if the bus arrives ______.A. latelyB. lateC. latterD. more later21. It is ______ that I would like to go to the beach.A. so nice weatherB. such nice weatherC. so nice a weatherD. such a nice weather22. The reason why so many people sit before the television tonight is that there will be a______ show.A. livingB. liveC. aliveD. lived23. I ______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work.A. don’t/hadB. didn’t/haveC. didn’t/hadD. don’t/have24. The students in the classroom ______ not to make so much noise.A. needB. oughtC. mustD. dare25. The differences between ______ are gradually being eliminated.A. the town and the countryB. town and countryC. a town and a countryD. a town and the country26. We have produced ______ this year as we did in 1993.A. as much cotton twiceB. as twice much cottonC. much as twice cottonD. twice as much cotton27. ______ of the buildings were ruined.A. Three fourthB. Three fourC. Three-fourthsD. Three-four28. She went to the countryside ______.A. in the morning at nine / on June first, 1968B. on June first, 1968 / in the morning at nineC. at nine in the morning / on June first, 1968D. on June first, 1968 / at nine in the morning29. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth ______ covered with water.A. areB. isC. wereD. be30. The Olympic Games are held ______.A. every four yearsB. every four yearC. every fourth yearsD. every four-years31. ______, wherever he lives, a man belongs to some society.A. For shortB. In shortC. Of shortD. On short32. Tom has been sad recently, for his plan to go to college _____ at the last moment.A. fell outB. fell behindC. fell inD. fell through33. David likes country life and has decided to ______ farming.A. go in forB. go intoC. go throughD. go after34. Classroom testing, if well done, most certainly ___ a stimulus to study and real learning.A. acts forB. acts onC. acts asD. acts to35. The French pianist who had been praised very highly ____ to be a great disappointment.A. turned upB. turned inC. turned outD. turned down36. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are ______.A. out of workB. out of reachC. out of practiceD. out of stock37. A man who could ______ such treatment was a man of remarkable physical courage andmoral strength.A. bear uponB. insist onC. stand up toD. persist in38. Is his action consistent ______ his principles?A. withB. inC. ofD. by39. A foreign firm has bought more than half of the shares in his company and ______.A. got over itB. overtaken itC. taken it overD. overcome it40. Some animals will modify their behavior to ______ their environment.A. adapt toB. adopt toC. suit toD. conform toPart III Writing (30 points)Directions: For this part, you are to write a composition on the title of Sending Kids to Study Abroad.You should write at least 400 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.1．越来越多的家长把孩子送去国外读书2．这样做的好处和缺点3．我的观点。

山东科技大学考研真题山东科技大学考研真题在中国的大学教育体系中，考研是一个非常重要的环节。

对于许多学生来说，考研是他们继续深造的机会，也是他们实现个人梦想的一步。

而山东科技大学作为山东省的一所重点大学，其考研真题更是备受关注。

考研真题是考生备考的重要参考资料之一。

它不仅可以帮助考生了解考试的内容和形式，还可以帮助他们熟悉考试的节奏和要求。

因此，对于准备考研的学生来说，熟悉山东科技大学考研真题是非常重要的。

首先，山东科技大学考研真题可以帮助考生了解考试的内容。

考研真题涵盖了各个学科的知识点和考点，通过做真题，考生可以了解到考试所涉及的具体内容，从而有针对性地进行备考。

比如，如果考生发现某个知识点在真题中经常出现，那么他们就可以重点复习这个知识点，提高自己的分数。

其次，山东科技大学考研真题可以帮助考生熟悉考试的形式。

考研真题不仅包括选择题和填空题，还包括大作文和小作文等不同类型的题目。

通过做真题，考生可以了解到考试的题型和出题方式，从而更好地应对考试。

比如，如果考生发现某个题型在真题中出现的频率较高，那么他们就可以针对性地进行练习，提高自己的解题能力。

另外，山东科技大学考研真题还可以帮助考生熟悉考试的节奏和要求。

考研是一场时间紧张的考试，考生需要在有限的时间内完成大量的题目。

通过做真题，考生可以了解到考试的时间分配和答题要求，从而更好地掌握考试的节奏。

比如，如果考生发现自己在做某个题目时常常超时，那么他们就可以调整答题速度，提高自己的时间管理能力。

总的来说，山东科技大学考研真题对于考生来说具有重要的意义。

它可以帮助考生了解考试的内容和形式，熟悉考试的节奏和要求，从而更好地备考和应对考试。

因此，考生在备考过程中应该充分利用山东科技大学考研真题，将其作为自己备考的重要参考资料之一。

只有通过不断地做真题，不断地总结经验，考生才能够在考试中取得好成绩，实现自己的考研梦想。

最后，希望所有准备考研的学生都能够充分利用山东科技大学考研真题，努力备考，取得好成绩。

视觉传达设计方向考生选作命题一命题一：设计形式：招贴设计设计主题：为体现东方传统文化与西方现代文化的交融与碰撞，请以“东+西”为主题，进行海报招贴设计。

设计要求：1、试题纸横幅使用；2、在试题纸上绘制三幅小稿，选择其中一幅小稿制作成成稿，成稿尺寸29.7*42cm（竖幅构图）；3、在试题纸上书写200字左右的设计说明；4、画面组织与设计表现形式不限。

产品设计方向考生选作命题二命题二：设计形式：快题设计设计主题：随着人们生活水平的提高，假日出游已经成为人们生活的重要部分，请根据户外出游中可能遇到的问题，发现设计机会，设计一款户外旅行用产品。

设计要求：1、试题纸横幅使用；2、设计有创新，至少画出四种构思方案；3、选择其中你满意的一个构思方案进行详细设计，对其使用方式以图文的形式进行表现，并按比例绘制设计方案的三视图并标注尺寸；4、表述产品的功能特点，设计定位及设计说明；5、绘图的工具与方法不限、画面组织与设计表现形式不限。

环境设计方向考生选作命题三命题三：请根据自己专业方向，在景观设计和室内设计中任选其一完成快题设计。

设计形式：快题设计（景观设计方向）设计主题：基地位于国内某沿海城市，南北长约146米，占地面积约为10000平米，场地内建筑为小型文化艺术活动中心，场地较规整，地势平坦。

请在设计范围内完成文化休闲广场设计，需布置面积为300平米的观演空间，并满足不少于30辆的地面停车。

设计要求：总平面图、典型断面剖面图、中心局部效果图各一张，分析图一张或若干不限，图纸比例自拟，必要的文字说明。

设计形式：快题设计（室内设计方向）设计主题：设计文化艺术活动中心建筑内一处“书吧”空间，空间要满足书籍展示以及部分休闲餐饮功能，体现艺术特色。

尺寸如图所示，室内布置有两个出入口，一处电梯，中心有两个结构立柱。

设计要求：平面布置图、天花布置图、立面图不少于一张、室内效果图，图纸比例自拟，必要的文字说明。

视觉传达设计专业考生请完成命题一命题一：设计形式：招贴设计设计内容：水是世界上最普遍存在的物质，对于水，可以从不同的角度进行阐述。

2018年研究生入学考试
安全系统工程试题
一、问答题(每小题8分，共40分)
1．说明系统安全的概念。

2．说明作业条件危险性评价法的思路和步骤。

3．说明危险与可操作性研究的处理方式。

4．故障类型和影响分析中，有哪几种划分故障等级的方法？
5．各种系统安全分析方法中，哪些是定量分析方法？
二、计算题(第1小题15分，第2小题20分，共35分)
1．某一由泵A和阀B串联组成的系统，其事件树如图1所示。

设泵A正常的概率P{A}=0.9999，阀B正常的概率P{B}=0.999，求系统失效的概率。

图1
2．某事故树有3个最小割集：K1={x1,x3}，K2={x2,x3}，K3={x3,x4}。

各基本事件的发生概率分别为：q1=0.01，q2=0.02，q3=0.03，q4=0.04。

（1）用最小割集逼近法判断顶上事件发生概率的区间。

（2）求出顶上事件的发生概率。

三、应用题(第1小题15分，第2小题25分，共40分)
1．某公安消防队欲对辖区内的歌舞厅进行防火安全检查，请为其设计安全检查表。

2．求图2所示事故树的割集和径集数目，并求出最小割集或最小径集（求出二者之一即可），然后据其作出等效事故树。

图2
四、论述题(第1小题15分，第2小题20分，共35分)
1．说明化工企业六阶段安全评价法的方法步骤，论述该方法的科学性和合理性。

2．采用安全检查表进行定性安全评价时，可以采用哪些具体方法？为了应用这些方法，分别需要做哪些基础工作（即方法设计过程中应该做哪些工作）？
说明这些工作的具体作法，写出有关表格的格式。

目　录2011年山东科技大学《832电路（自动化）》考研真题2012年山东科技大学《845电路（自动化）》考研真题2014年山东科技大学《827电路（自动化）》考研真题2016年山东科技大学《827电路（自动化）》考研真题2017年山东科技大学《820电路（自动化）》考研真题2018年山东科技大学《820电路（自动化）》考研真题2019年山东科技大学《820电路（自动化）》考研真题2011年山东科技大学《832电路（自动化）》考研真题4.已知电路如图1-4所示，则该电路响应的性质为A.衰减振荡C.非振荡B.无阻尼的振荡D.临界的非振荡答（）写到答题纸上6<__20t h—L=JL f 图1-45,含理想变压器电路的相株模型如图I-5所示，打£应为A.I2ZCTVB.8N0°VC.4Z0°VD.G答（）写到答题纸上6.如图1-6所示为对称三相电路，电源线电压叫=3湘V,二角形联结负载其阻抗Z=（JK+j241£J,功率表采用如图接法，则此时功率表读数为A.1772W答（）写到答题纸上B.5I34W C.997W D.766SW7.值为如图1-7所示正弦全波整流波形j的有效值为EA,半波整流波形匕的有效A,贝A2B气A「号A DU 答（写到答顾纸上图1-7正弦电流通过电感元件时, A.U^L—d/C u=coLi 下列关系式中正确的是R;-VB.I=—j--coLD./=j mlXj答（写到答题纸上-r^-一的拉氏反变换式是妒十6$+8A.2曜—4L C,4广_您，B.2e^+4c-J, D.4c^+2c)答（写到答题纸上m若-•个二端口网络y参数方程为―仁堂二板'剧该二端口网络具有A.对称性和互易性C.互易性B.对称性D.不对称也不互易答（）写到答题纸上二、〔本大题20分）在图2所示电路中,已知&=死=1（）。

，/f=4Q，心=岳=8项, #6=2。