第四讲：动词
一、【考点解读】
动词在英语的词类中非常重要，在接下来的学习中，小朋友们将会了解它的分类并掌握其用法。我们本次将从动词的分类、不同时态句型中的变化形式等方面进行纵向对比学习。学生要特别背诵一些不规则动词的变化形式以及谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别。
二、【知识讲解】
知识点1——动词分类
定义：动词表示人或事物的动作或状态。
A 常见的实义动词考点
名称含义固定句型例句
※see/hear sb do sth:表示宾语完成了某个动作或者经常做这个动作。
see/hear sb doing sth:表示宾语正在进行的动作。
B 系动词（主语+连系动词+形容词作表语）
1)系动词的三种词汇意义
⑴表示状态的持续。常见的动词有：stand、keep、stay、lie、continue、burn、hold等。如：The soldiers on guard keep alert under all circumstances.
The fish stayed fresh.
⑵表示具有某种性质、特征和处于某种状态。常见的动词有：smell、sit、look、sound、mean、break、feel、ring、seem、appear、taste、read、remain等。如：
The actor looked the main part in the play.
She didn’t look her age.
The idea sounds great.
What he said appeared true.
⑶表示动词的动作或过程所产生的结果或状态的开始。常见的有：go、come、grow、run、rise、wear、prove、turn、wash、fall、drop、blush、become、get、turn、out、come off等。如：
The food goes bad in hot weather.
Her great aim will come true one day in the future.
His money ran short.
The plan turned out wrong and useless in the end.
He came off second best.
The technology came in useful.
根据以上系动词的三种含义，可将系动词分为三类：持续类系动词、感官类系动词和变成类系动词。
2)系动词的五种语法结构
因为系动词是构成系表结构的先决条件，所以五种语法结构都是系表结构。只是表语可由不同的词，如：形容词(小升初常考)、名词、副词、分词和介词短语充当。
※系动词+形容词
这类结构最常见。常见的系动词有：sound、look、feel、smell、turn、eat、taste、keep、、grow、play、go、become等。如：
The song sounds very beautiful.
The soup tastes delicious.
C.助动词的分类：
D 情态动词的用法
知识点2——动词的表现形式及其构成方法（详见本书“动词的时态”）知识点3——句子的成分和基本句型
三、【典例探究】
【例题1】：---What ________the sign mean?
---It means you can’t _________here.
A. is, smoking
B. does, smoke
C. did, smoke
D. are, smoke 【例题2】：She can’t ride a bicycle. She _______school on foot.
A.must get to
B. has to get to
C. has to go to
D. have to go to 【例题3】：She is willing things and help others.
A. to share
B. share
C. sharing
D. to sharing 答案：B C A
四、【课堂运用】
【基础】
【练习1】照样子，写出动词的四种形式。
例：write writes writing wrote written
1.walk _______ _________ __________ ________
2.study ________ ___________ ___________ ____________
3.wish ________ ___________ ___________ ____________
4.play ________ ___________ ___________ ____________
5.rain ________ ___________ ___________ ____________
6.go ________ ___________ ___________ ____________
7.die ________ ___________ ___________ ____________
8.run ________ ___________ ___________ ____________
e ________ ___________ ___________ ____________
10.do _______ ___________ ___________ ____________
11.fly ________ ___________ ___________ ____________
12.stop________ ___________ ___________ ____________
13.see________ ___________ ___________ ____________
14.swim________ ___________ ___________ ____________
15.buy________ ___________ ___________ ____________
【练习2】选择正确的单词填空。
1.He ______ (am, is, are)from England. He and I (am,is, are )friends.
2.That dog________ (am, is, are) a fat and lazy.
3.We ________ (don’t, doesn’t, didn’t) have lessons every Friday afternoon.
4.There _______ (be, is, are) a big hospital and three schools near the park.
5.The salad _______ (taste, tastes) delicious.
6.Ann is ________ (sitting, siting) in the bedroom, while Andy is (runing, running)in the garden.
7.Our school _______ (have, has) two big gates.
8.We ______ (will, should) always treat other people nicely.
9.Bob _____ (may, can) not like the gift that I bought him.
10. I have much work to do this evening and I ______ (don’t, can’t) go to the party.
