自考《英语二》内容串讲备考资料

英语二内容串讲

阅读三重境界

＊彻底糊涂：细节

＊彻底明白：细节+主旨

＊似懂非懂：翻译

阅读四项能力

词能、句能、篇能、考能

词能第一

一、五个猜词绝招

1.利用上下文确定词义

例1：He is successful as a businessman because of his dynamic personality. He seems to have unlimited energy.

例2：Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.

例3：A first year college or university student is commonly a 'freshman', and 'sophomore', 'junior' and 'senior' designate the second—third—and fourth—year student.

例4：The tired soldiers trudged through knee deep mud for hours before they found a dry place to sleep.

2.利用构词法确定词义

例1：Many cancers have been arrested with the use of chemotherapy.

例2：They overestimate the interviewee's ability and asked too many difficult questions.

例3：The murderer had developed a poison which could not be tasted or smelled when mixed with food. Because it was imperceptible, he was able to murder a number of people without being caught.

3.利用语法知识确定词义

例1：For their fishing and hunting the men used a kayak, a small boat for one person.

例2：A solar eclipse—when the moon passes between the Earth and the sun—in an unusual and interesting phenomenon that occurs rarely.

例3：Ventilation, as we know, is a system or means of providing fresh air. It plays a very important part in the field of engineering.

例4：The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient's heartbeat and breathing.

4.根据同义、反义关系确定词义

表示反义的信号词：in contrast, on the other hand, rather than, however, yet, although, while, unlike, but, whereas, as opposed to……

例1：My sister Mane is an optimist, while her boyfriend is one who is always gloomy and expects the worst to happen.

例2：Sally liked to concoct all sorts of stories, but her mother always knew when she was lying.

例3：A gorilla always makes me think of the word aloof—not friendly, of distance from others.

5. 利用逻辑推理和常识确定词义

例1：Fishes live in water and have fins which help them to swim. Most fishes have slimy skins covered with scales, but in fishes such as eels the scales are very small and can hardly be seen.

例2：Not wanting to disturb the sleeping kitten, I gingerly lifted her from the box and put her on a blanket near the heater.

二、词的构成：常见的前缀和后缀

前缀：改变词义，不改变词性

后缀：改变词性，不改变词义

前缀：en-/em-；否定前缀；

后缀：名词后缀；形容词后缀；动词后缀；副词后缀

前缀en-, em- “使…”

enable v. 使能够

eg: The pass enables me to travel half-price on trains.我用这张通行证坐火车半价。

encourage v. 鼓励

eg: He encouraged me to write novels.他鼓励我去写小说。

ensure v. 确保

eg: The book ensured his success.那本书确定了他的成就。

endanger v. 危害

eg: Smoking endangers your health.吸烟危害健康。

enlarge v. 扩大

eg: The police had the photograph of the missing girl enlarged.警方把失踪姑娘的照片放大了。

empower v. 授权

eg: The new laws empower the police to stop anybody in the street.新法令授予警方可在街上截停任何人的权力。

embody v. 体现

eg: To me he embodies all the best qualities of a teacher.在我看来, 他本身体现了教师应有的一切优秀品质。

否定前缀a-, ab-, dis-, in-（ig-, il-, im-, ir-）, non-, un-“无，不，非”

a-

apolitical adj. 不关心政治的

asocial adj. 不好社交的

atypical adj. 非典型的

ab-

abdicate v. 退位

abnormal adj. 反常的

dis-

disorder n. 混乱

dishonest adj. 不诚实

disappear v. 消失

disorganized adj.没有条理的

in-

变体：在n前变成ig-

在l前变成il-

在m, p, b 前变成im-

在r前变成ir-

incapable adj. 没有能力的

insensitive adj. 不敏感的

ignoble adj. 卑鄙的

illogical adj. 不合逻辑的

illegal adj. 非法的

illiberal adj. 心胸的

immoral adj. 不道德的

impolite adj. 没有礼貌的