翻译常用八种技巧

4. 词类转换法
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英译汉时词类转换的核心是根据需要将具有 动作性的名词转换为汉语的动词，或者将可 表示概念的动词转换为汉语名词。 汉译英时则反其道而行之。
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students of composition, an awareness that rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to another can help them become more quickly proficient in a writing pattern that is not native to them. 学习写作的人若能意识到各种文化在修辞模 式上的差别，则有助于他们迅速掌握对他们 来说是外在的写作模式。
1. 重复法
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汉语重复,英译时也重复; 根据两种语言各自的习惯用法,以不同的表 达方式进行重复,这种重复通常是为了传达 原文的生动性.
We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。 Let’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。 Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace.

1) 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的, 非下苦 功不可。 The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 2) 一定要少说空话,多做工作。 There must be less empty talk and more hard work.
4. 交出翻译之前,必须读几遍,看看有没有要修改 的地方. 这样你才能把工作做好。 Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well.
省译和增补是相辅相成的两种翻译技巧。省
译可分为结构省译和精炼压缩。 所谓结构省译是由于英汉两种语言在句子结 构上的差异造成的。在英译汉时经常省略的 词有代词、系词、介词、连词、冠词、先行 词等。 作主语和定语的人称代词以及做定语 的物主代词均可省译。 如果把结构省译看作是消极的省译手段，那 么精炼压缩则是积极的省译手段，前者明显， 后者隐晦。

1. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 2. 子曰:“学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。” Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.” 3. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
2. 增译法
为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并
使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语,这就 叫增译法. 增词义增加虚词为多，也可酌量增加实词。 英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、 概念词、语气词等。 从增补的功能来看，可以分为结构增补、意 义增补和修辞增补。
I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到来。 Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。 Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科 学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善 辩。
翻译常用的八种技巧
常用的翻译技巧
1. 重复法 (repetition) 2. 增译法 (amplification) 3. 减译法 (omission) 4. 词类转移法 (conversion) 5. 词序调整法 (inversion) 6. 分译法 (division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法 (negation) 8. 语态 变换法 (the change of the voices)
4. 寻寻觅觅,冷冷清请,凄凄惨惨戚戚;乍暖 还寒时侯,最难将息。 (译文1）
Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart!

A
square has four equal sides. 正方形有四条相等的边。 正方形四边相等。 You buy stamps at a post office. You 是泛指的人称代词，译时可省略 （陈述事实）邮票在邮局买。
1. 我们要培养分析问题、 解决问题的能力。 We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems. 2. 郭沫若同志曾说: “中国人历来是勇于探索、勇 于创造、勇于革命的。” Comrade Guo Moro once said: “The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.” 3. 他们为国家做的事, 比我们所做的多得多。 They have done much more for the state than we have.
3. 徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。 Xu Beihong’s drawings (paintings) of horses are exceptionally good. 4. 林则徐认为, 要成功地禁止鸦片买卖,就 得首先把鸦片焚毁。 Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself.

先生们尽管可以高呼和平，和平！但是依然没有和 平。 Nels had it all written out neatly. 纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。

1. 这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。 What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure. 2. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。 A large family has its difficulties. 3. 天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。 The sky is blue, blue; And the steppe wide, wide; Over grass that the wind has battered low; Sheep and oxen roam.
In those years the Republicans were in. 那些年是共和党执政。 The music is a gas. 这音乐妙极了。 Saud was a frustrated man at that time. 沙特那时已受挫折。 Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them. . 他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。 This experiment is a great success. 这次实验是极为成功的。
5. 只许州官放火, 不许百姓点灯。 The magistrate are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps.
(One man may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge.) 6. 班门弄斧 Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 7. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind. 8. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.
A book is useful. 书（是）有用（的）。 The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳转。 On Sundays we have no school. 礼拜天我们不上学。 If you write him, the response would be absolute silence and void. 你写信给他，总是石沉大海。 A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainments but no virtue. 聪明的人是不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。
（译文2）
I seek but seek in vain, I search and search again; I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer. （许渊冲译）
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青青河边草, 郁郁园中柳。 Green grows the grass upon the bank, The willow shoots are long and lank.
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Air pressure decreases with altitude. 气压随海拔（高度的增加而）下降。 10. Air is a mixture of gases. 空气是（多种）气体的混合物。
3. 减译法
Байду номын сангаас 增译法的反面
减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来,
因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意,或者在译文 中是不言而喻的; 减译法是删去一些可有可无的, 或者有了反而 累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词, 并不是把原 文的某些思想内容删去。