大学英语语法 并列与从属

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状语从句
1：Scientists say it may be five or ten years D it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. (CET-4，1995年6月) A) since B) when C) after D) before 2：I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, C something occurred which attracted my attention.(CET-4，1996年1月) A) unless B) until C) when D) while 3：Stormy applause broke forth A she appeared on the moment, the minute, the instant, the second the stage. immediately, instantly, directly A) the moment B) a moment Immediately you begin to talk, he gives you his full attention C) at the moment D) in a moment
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宾语从句
1：By success I don't mean A usually thought of when that word is used.(CET-4，1996年6月) A) what is B) that we C) as you D) all is 2：This book will show the readers C can be used in other contexts.(CET-6，1996年1月) A) how that they have observed B) that how they have observed C) how what they have observed D) that they have observed
which what that
宾语、主语 不用what 主语、宾语、表语
This is the book which I like most. I have no idea which wine is best. 范围小，同位语从句 I have no idea what wine is best. 范围大，同位语从句 I don’t know which wine is best. 宾语从句 I believe that he will succeed. that不充当成分，无意义 He is not the person ____ that he used to be. He is not ____ what he used to be.
Which与that在定语从句中的区别
（一）在定语从句中只用 that 的情况 1 先行词为不定代词 all, much, anything, something, nothing, every thing, little, none等时 Is there anything that I can do for you? 2 先行词被形容词最高级、序数词或all， any， much，few，some , little, no , every， the only , the very等修饰时 All the people that are present burst into tears. 3 先行词为既指人又指物的两个或两个以上的名 词时 The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
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同位语从句
1：The mere fact C most people believe nuclear wars would be madness doesn't mean that it will not occur.(CET-4，1997年6月) A) what B) which C) that D) why
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主语从句
1：In some countries, D is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people. (CET-4, 1995 年 6月 ) A) which B) one C) that D) what 2： D is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.(CET-6， 1993年6月) A) It is the sun and not the earth B) Being the sun and not the earth C) The sun and not the earth D) That the sun and not the earth
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限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句比较 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词之间一 般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词、关 系副词来引导。非限制性定语从句（教材P. 380） 仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先 行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。 My daughter, who studies in the U.S., rang me yesterday. My daughter who studies in the U.S. rang me yesterday.
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表语从句
C 1：The reason why he hasn’t come is ________. A) because his mother is ill B ) because of his mother’s being ill C ) that his mother is ill D ) for his mother is ill
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从属连词，连接代词，连接副词， 关系代词，关系副词
1. 从属连词:用来引导状语从句和名词性从句 (引导名词性从句的只有that, whether，在 句中不作成分）。 连接代词、连接副词：引导名词性从句 关系代词、关系副词：引导定语从句
2. 3.
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在定语从句中
在名词性从句中 定语（范围小） 定语（范围大） 主语、宾语、表语 不充当成分，无意义
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限定从属分句：
从句相当于名词、形容词、 副词。 1）从句当名词用——名 词性从句，可作主语，宾 语，主语补语，介词补足 成分和同位语。 I just can’t understand why Lady Gaga is so popular.
2)ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu从句当形容词用，做定语——形容词性 分句，即关系分句，定语从句 It is the pig (which/that) Tina raises.
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定语从句
由关系代词引导的定语从句:
3: There is no rule C has exceptions. A) which B) that C) but D) unless 比较下列句子中的but用法是否相同。 1. There was no one but knows that. 2. There are very few but admire his talents. 3. No task is so difficult but we can accomplish it. 4. Nothing is so hard but it becomes easy by practice 1、2句中的that是关系代词，相当于that …not 或who…not；3、4句中的是连词，相当于but that
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定语从句
由关系代词引导的定语从句:
1：It wasn't such a good dinner C she had promised us.(CET-4，1990年1月) A) that B) which C) as D) what 2：The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, A is often the case in other countries.(CET-4， 1998年6月) A) as B) what C) so D) that
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常用的并列连词有： and, or, but, nor, so, yet, both … and， either … or, not … but, not only … but also, not…nor, neither … nor, as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, for （因为）, while（而）, whereas 等。 (见教材P342-343)
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3)从句当副词用，做状语——副词性分句， 即状语从句 When she was still a baby, she liked taking photos.
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1. You’ll find it where it was. (地点状语从句) 2. Tell me the place where he lives . (定语从句) 3. I don’t know where he came from . (宾语从句) 4. Where he has gone is not known yet . (主语从句) 5. This is where they once lived . (表语从句)
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并列 We are prepared to make certain concessions but we find it hard to put up with the loss. 语义重心在后半句
从属 Although/Though/Even though/While we are prepared to make certain concessions, we find it hard to put up with the loss. Although/Though/Even though/While we find it hard to put up with the loss, we are prepared to make certain concessions. 语义重心在主句
并列与从属
并列与从属是两种不同的连接手段。从语义 上看，两个分句所表示的意义，在说话人看 来，如果具有同等的重要性，就可以把它们 并列起来，连成一个并列句。而从属是语义 上分清主次的手段，是把次要的思想内容置 于结构上的从属地位，从而突出句子的主要 思想。如： We are prepared to make certain concessions. We find it hard to put up with the loss.
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定语从句
由关系副词引导的定语从句:
1：You are just the same as you were the day C I first met you.(考研,1982年) A) that B) which C) when D) how 2：I’ve never been to Beijing, but it's the place B .(CET-4，1999年6月) A) where I'd like to visit B) I most want to visit C) in which I'd like to visit D) what I want to visit most