2019年高考英语试题天津卷词汇分级数据(1)

名师考前提醒01选择题做完就填答题卡这是针对考试总会忘记填答题卡的考生，为避免非智力因素失分，一般每门一做完选择题就填答题卡。

这时填答题卡心态较平静，不会因为担心时间不够而出现涂写错位的情况。

考试成绩的好坏往往与考试的心情有关，所以我们一定要调节好自己的考试心情。

特别是刚开始的状态，利用一些小的技巧如做完试题就填涂答题卡等，这样可以避免在最后时间较紧的情况下因匆忙而涂错、涂串或是没有涂完而造成遗憾。

02考前看相关资料转换思维考英语前最好看看复习资料，并不是要记住什么知识点，而是让大脑提前进入状态。

而数学试卷对一些学生来说比较发怵，建议在心中回忆梳理一下相关知识点，可驱使自己进入状态，效果不错。

考试紧张，这是很正常的事情，考试不紧张，就不正常了。

但是不能过度紧张，那样会给自己很大的压力不利于水平的发挥。

可以和同学聊一聊天，说说话放松一下。

03遇事都往好处想看大题时，先不想该怎么做，只是看它如何表述，甚至跟自己说“这题我会做，第一问认真看就能做对”，让自己有一个平和的心态答题。

即使是弱科，我们也要知足常乐，我只要把会做的都做上，在一场考试中把会的都做对其实就是很好的发挥了。

时刻给自己打一打气，阿Q一下，这样把对自己的期待放低一些，心态就平稳了，也就高兴了，这可以使得思路更顺畅，而超水平发挥也就很正常了。

04别看他人答题的速度考场上不要左顾右盼，观察别人做题的进度，万一人家比自己快，会给自己压力。

在考场上和比较熟悉的老师、同学可以主动打个招呼。

即使是不认识的老师，也可问候一声“老师好”，一般老师都会像老朋友似地回以微笑，这可以缓解紧张的情绪。

这一些方法和措施都是很有助于调节考试心态与考试情绪的。

有心理学家研究证明，人在平稳的平稳或是心情高兴的时候，智商最高，情商也不错，更容易发挥出自己的高水平来。

05答题遇困难要镇静，巧用考前5分钟这个问题是涉及到考试策略与方法的，对于每一学科的考试，我们都应该有自己的考试策略和答题风格。

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）第I卷第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

例：Stand over there___________ you’ll be able to see it better.A. orB. andC. butD. while答案是B。

第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

1.—Wasn't Joan supposed to be here by now?一She will be here in about twenty minutes.z.x.xkA. All rightB. Don't worryC. No wonderD. Enjoy yourself2.Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whomB. thatC. whoseD. her3.At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.A. gave inB. dressed upC. broke inD. turned up4.Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enough to be eaten.A. ever sinceB.as ifC. even thoughD.so that5.—I'm moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help.—___________. Just let me know when, and I'll be there.A. You betB. It dependsC. Forget itD. No kidding6.The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer sp ace.A. adviceB. orderC. possibilityD. invitation7.Ineed anew passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.A. takingB. takenC. being takenD. take8.It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A. displayB. acquire C teach D. test9.The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycler.A. whomeverB. whereverC. whoeverD. whatever10.I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.A. should leaveB. must have leftC. might leaveD. could have left11.Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.A.at firstB. after allC. above allD.at random12.I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it.A.to eat；to tryB. eating；tryingC. eating；to tryD.to eat；trying13.My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A. was repairedB.is repairedC.is being repairedD. has been repaired14.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. where15.If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caughtB. caughtC. have caughtD. would catch第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语笔试本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。

第l 卷1至10页，第Ⅱ卷11至12页。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。

答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

祝各位考生考试顺利！第I卷注意事项：1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

2. 本卷共55小题，共95分。

第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

例：Stand over there ___________ you’ll be able to see it better.A. orB. andC. butD. while答案是B。

1.—I guess you want to go play tennis.—___________. That’s exactly what I was thinking too.A. I didn’t get itB. It’s up to youC. You never knowD. You read my mind2. I ___________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.A. had hopedB. am hopingC. have hopedD. would hope3. A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than ___________ who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them4. ___________ to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.A. LearnB. LearnedC. LearningD. Having learned5. ___________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.A. According toB. Instead ofC. In addition toD. In spite of6. —My son got a full scholarship to his dream university!—Wow, ___________! What’s he going to study?A. good for himB. go for itC. what a coincidenceD. all the best7. We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________ on our lives in many ways.A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment8. Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.A. is givenB. are givenC. was givenD. were given9. Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t ___________ what he was saying.A. set asideB. take backC. make outD. keep off10. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ___________ to help them succeedacademically and personally.A. designedB. designingC. to designD. being designed11. Their child is at the stage ___________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what12. The professor warned the students that on no account ___________ use mobile phones in his class.A. should theyB. they shouldC. dare theyD. they dare13. Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion ___________ he wants their support.A. sinceB. onceC. unlessD. after14. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ___________ the task in half the time.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished15. A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is ___________ established.A. properlyB. widelyC. originallyD. temporarily第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2019年天津市高考英语试卷解析版参考答案与试题解析第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．例：Stand over there ______you'll be able to see it better.A.or B. and C. but D. while答案是B．1．（1分）﹣I guess you want to go play tennis．﹣________． That's exactly what I was thinking too．（）A．I didn't get it B．It's up to youC．You never know D．You read my mind【考点】JI：语言交际．【分析】﹣﹣我猜你想去打网球．﹣﹣你真是了解我．那正是我刚刚在想的事情．【解答】本题考查交际用语．I didn't get it我不明白；It's up to you由你决定；You never know你永远不知道；You read my mind你真是了解我．根据句意和各个选项的含义可知答案．故选：D．【点评】本题考查交际用语，交际用语体现英语的实用性和交流功能，是重要的考查形式，平时多积累一些交际用语，做题时要结合上下文做题．2．（1分）I________to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it．（）A．had hoped B．am hoping C．have hoped D．would hope【考点】E9：过去完成时．【分析】我本想送彼得一件礼物，祝贺他结婚，但我办不到．【解答】答案：A．考查时态．句意：我本想送彼得一件礼物，祝贺他结婚，但我办不到．根据后一句I couldn't manage it．可见本句是指的过去，在我们办不到之前就想过送彼得一件礼物，所以hope应该是过去的过去，所以应该用过去完成时had done结构．故选：A．【点评】动词时态的考点是近几年高考试题考查的重中之重．各地高考试题对动词时态的考查越来越侧重于语境化、交际化的理解，这加大了试题的难度，没有明确的时间状语，这就要求考生对句子的语境进行正确的判断，从而选出正确的时态．3．（1分）A study shows the students who are engaged in after﹣school activities are happier than________who are not．（）A．ones B．those C．these D．them【考点】55：指示代词．【分析】一项研究表明，参加课后活动的学生比不参加课后活动的学生更快乐．【解答】答案：B 考查代词．ones替代前面的复数名词，表泛指；those代指时间或距离较远的人或事，或替代前面出现的同类名词，表特指，相当于the+复数名词；these 代指时间或距离较近的，或下面要提到的人或事；them是人称代词they的宾格，通常在句子中作宾语．此处代指前面名词the students ，是替代前面出现的同类名词，表特指，所以用those．故选：B．【点评】本题考查代词．熟知代词的分类及用法，做题时准确把握代词所替代的人或事物，并结合语境作出正确选择．4．（1分）_________to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future．（）A．Learn B．LearnedC．Learning D．Having learned【考点】B6：动名词．【分析】学会批判性思维是当今儿童未来需要的一项重要技能．【解答】答案：C 考查动名词．通过分析句子结构，所选单词在句子中作主语，AB两项分别为动词原形及过去式过去分词形式，可排除．结合表语中所含的定语从句today's children will need for the future，可知learn这个动作还未发生，C项符合语境．故选：C．【点评】本题考查动名词．熟记动名词形式及用法，并结合语境作出正确选择．5．（1分）________all the problems，several of the players produced excellent performances．（）A．According to B．Instead ofC．In addition to D．In spite of【考点】8B：介词短语．【分析】尽管有这些问题，但有几个运动员的表现还是很出色．【解答】答案：D．考查介词短语．句意：尽管有这些问题，但有几个运动员的表现还是很出色．A 根据；B 代替；C 另外；D 尽管．所以D选项符合句意．故选：D．【点评】英语中的固定短语，既不能添词，也不能少词，是固定的，要求同学们在平时记忆准确，然后根据句意找出记忆中的固定搭配，做出正确的答案．6．（1分）﹣My son got a full scholarship to his dream university!﹣Wow，________! What's he going to study？（）A．good for him B．go for itC．what a coincidence D．all the best【考点】JI：语言交际．【分析】﹣﹣我的儿子得到他梦想大学的奖学金．﹣﹣哦，为他感到高兴！他打算学习什么？【解答】本题考查交际用语．good for him为他高兴；go for it去争取它；what a coincidence真是巧合；all the best万事如意，根据句意和got a full scholarship to his dream university可知答案．故选：A．【点评】本题考查交际用语，交际用语体现英语的实用性和交流功能，是重要的考查形式，平时多积累一些交际用语，做题时要结合上下文做题．7．（1分）We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a（n） ________on our lives in many ways．（）A．statement B．impact C．impression D．judgment【考点】35：名词的词义辨析．【分析】我们可以观察到人工智能已经在许多方面对我们的生活产生了影响．【解答】答案：B．考查名词词义辨析．句意：我们可以观察到人工智能已经在许多方面对我们的生活产生了影响．A．陈述，声明；B．影响，作用；make an impact on是固定短语"对…产生影响"；C．印象；D．判断．所以B选项符合句意．故选：B．【点评】本题考查名词的词义辨析．名词词义辨析题一直都是高考考查的一个热点，它注重考查考生结合语境准确选用词语的能力．由于英语词汇丰富，且用法多变，考生掌握起来有较大难度，因此在平时应注意词汇的积累，理解词语的含义及其常见的习惯搭配，再联系句子所表述的意义和语境，选出正确的答案．8．（1分）Amy，as well as her brothers，________a warm welcome when returning to the village last week．（）A．is given B．are given C．was given D．were given【考点】F4：一般过去时的被动语态；GH：主谓一致．【分析】艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村子时受到了热烈欢迎．【解答】答案：C 考查动词的时态语态及主谓一致．本句中时间状语为 last week，所以时态为一般过去时，排除AB两项．Amy，as well as her brothers是主语部分，其中，as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与前面的主语在数上保持一致．前面的主语是Amy，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式．C项符合．故选：C．【点评】本题考查动词的时态语态及主谓一致．熟知不同时态所对应的标志词，熟记主谓一致的规则，结合语境作出正确选择．9．（1分）Kate heard a man's voice in the background， but she couldn't________what he was saying．（）A．set aside B．take back C．make out D．keep off【考点】A9：动词短语．【分析】凯特听到一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么．【解答】答案：C．考查动词短语．句意：凯特听到一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么．A．留出，预留； B 退回，撤回；C．辨认出，看出，听出；弄清； D 使不接近．所以C选项符合句意．故选：C．【点评】英语中的固定短语，既不能添词，也不能少词，是固定的，要求同学们在平时记忆准确，然后根据句意找出记忆中的固定搭配，做出正确的答案．10．（1分）Most colleges now offer first﹣year students a course specially________to help them succeed academically and personally．（）A．designed B．designingC．to design D．being designed【考点】BB：过去分词．【分析】现在大多数大学都为一年级学生开设一门专门设计的课程，帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功．【解答】答案：A．考查过去分词作定语．通过分析句子结构可知，所选单词在句子中作定语修饰名词course（课程），而课程与设计（design）之间为被动关系，BC两项与所修饰的名词之间表达主动关系，故排除．A项designed为过去分词，表示被动和完成；D项是现在分词的被动形式，表示被动和正在进行．结合语境，动作应该在谓语动词offer之前完成，所以A项符合．故选：A．【点评】本题考查过去分词作定语．熟知非谓语动词作定语的用法区别，结合语境作出正确选择．11．（1分）Their child is at the stage_______she can say individual words but not full sentences．（）A．why B．where C．which D．what【考点】H1：限制性定语从句．【分析】他们的孩子正处在一个可以说个别单词但不能说完整句子的阶段．【解答】答案：B 考查定语从句．引导词why的先行词通常是reason；which是关系代词；what引导名词性从句；先行词stage表示"时期，阶段"，在从句中作状语时，定语从句的引导词用关系副词where．只有B项符合．故选：B．【点评】本题考查定语从句．在熟记定语从句关系代词和关系副词的用法的同时，注意几个特殊的名词如stage，occassion，point，situation等作先行词时，定语从句的引导词的使用．12．（1分）The professor warned the students that on no account________use mobile phones in his class．（）A．should they B．they shouldC．dare they D．they dare【考点】GB：倒装句．【分析】教授警告学生们在他的课堂上绝不能使用手机．【解答】答案：A．本题考查部分倒装句．该句意为：教授警告学生们在他的课堂上绝不能使用手机．该复合句主语为professor，谓语动词warn后面可以接双宾语，warn sb sth．因此that引导了一个宾语从句，该宾语从句的句首是一个表示否定含义的短语：onno account"绝不"，表示否定含义的副词或短语位于句首时，句子要使用部分倒装句，即主语同谓语部分的助动词进行位置的交换，因此排除B．D二个选项．情态动词should"应该"，表示义务、责任、劝告、建议．dare"敢"，根据句意，该句包含了教授对学生的劝告、建议之意，故使用情态动词should充当助动词．故选：A．【点评】本题考查倒装句．注意倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装，考生要首先区分两种类型的倒装句，并对各自的用法特点以及区别进行掌握，解答试题时要分析到位，结合选项，作出正确的解答．13．（1分）Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion________he wants their support．（）A．since B．once C．unless D．after【考点】HG：条件状语从句．【分析】汤姆很独立，除非他想得到父母的支持，否则他从不征求父母的意见．【解答】答案：C 考查从属连词．since自…以来，因为、既然，引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句；once一旦、一…就，引导时间状语从句；unless除非；除非在…情况下，引导条件状语从句；after在…以后，引导时间状语从句．根据上文信息汤姆很独立可知，he never asks his parents' opinion除非在他需要他们的帮助的情况下．unless符合上下文逻辑关系．故选：C．【点评】本题考查从属连词．熟知各从属连词所表达的含义和用法，弄清上下文之间的逻辑关系，并结合语境作出正确选择．14．（1分）The workers were not better organized， otherwise they________the task in half the time．（）A．accomplishedB．had accomplishedC．would accomplishD．would have accomplished【考点】GJ：虚拟语气．【分析】工人们没有很好的组织，否则他们将在一半时间内完成任务．【解答】答案：D．考查虚拟语气．句意：工人们没有很好的组织，否则他们将在一半时间内完成任务．otherwise是虚拟语气的含蓄条件，相当于if the workers had been organized，根据前句可知本句是对于过去的虚拟，所以主句用情态动词+have done结构．故选：D．【点评】虚拟语气在高考命题中不是重点，但是难点．考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及主语、宾语从句等特定句型中虚拟语气的使用上，因此考生应熟练掌握含蓄条件句中主从句的时态要求以及一些典型句型中虚拟语气的具体形式．15．（1分）A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is________established．（）A．properly B．widelyC．originally D．temporarily【考点】7B：副词辨析．【分析】狗的饮食习惯需要经过正规的训练才能正确养成．【解答】答案：A．考查副词辨析．句意：狗的饮食习惯需要经过正规的训练才能正确养成．A．适当地；B．广泛地；C．最初地；D．暂时地．所以A选项符合句意．故选：A．【点评】副词是中学英语的重要语法，解题时首先要根据语境和逻辑来推断空格所需要的是副词还是形容词，或者是根据句子结构的需要来推断是用形容词或者副词，然后根据意义选出答案．第二节：完形填空（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16〜35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项．16．（30分）I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night，when fear seized me．My wallet was gone．I could only have left it on the G9 bus，which was now speeding in the dark to some（1）C station．The（2）D moment was quickly followed by mental math．How much time and money would it cost to replace the（3）B of that little wallet？The credit cards，the driver's license， the cash， all lost to the bus．Two hours later， back at my house，I heard a knock on the door． My husband（4）B it while I was on the phone in the dining room． "Does Jennifer live here？" I heard a lady say． In my husband's hand was my wallet， with not a penny（5）A． She left before I could （6）D make it to the door to offer my thanks．After sharing the story online，I heard from someone，who（7）C the lady as ErinSmith． Without（8）A，I called to thank her． She said she （9）D my wallet on a bus seat． She （10）C that going to a stranger's house was a（11）B move， but she decided to take the chance． "If I were in that（12）C． I would want someone to try to find me，"she said．This one stranger responded beautifully to my small （13）A， but she actually wasn't the only one． Right after Erin （14）D my wallet on the bus， she posted a picture of my driver's license to an online forum （论坛），trying to see（15）A anyone knew me． No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son's nursery and who recognized my face． I've never（16）B words with those moms beyond small talk， but they wanted to help． I read that people are more divided than ever， but that's not how the people I（17）A tend to act．（18）C， I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger． Erin had gone（19）D what almost anyone would have done， finding my house on a bitterly cold night and for that I was extremely（20）D．（1）A．accessible B．hidden C．unknown D．convenient（2）A．face﹣saving B．brain﹣washing C．eye﹣catching D．heart﹣stopping （3）A．parts B．contents C．details D．ingredients（4）A．ignored B．answered C．examined D．interrupted（5）A．missing B．returned C．remaining D．abandoned（6）A．still B．ever C．yet D．even（7）A．selected B．appointed C．identified D．defined（8）A．delay B． alarm C． regret D．invitation（9）A．moved B． placed C． opened D．spotted（10）A．disagreed B． complained C． calculated D．recommended （11）A．selfless B． risky C． slow D．personal（12）A．site B． direction C． situation D．atmosphere （13）A．crisis B． danger C． threat D．failure（14）A．got rid of B． made use of C．had control of D．took possessionof（15）A．if B． where C． how D．when（16）A．recalled B． exchanged C． repeated D．whispered （17）A．encounter B． follow C． consult D．accompany （18）A．Going away B． Turning around C． Looking back D．Coming along （19）A．into B． against C． over D．beyond（20）A．longing B． enthusiastic C． concerned D．grateful【考点】M6：人生感悟类阅读．【分析】本文为一篇记叙文，文章介绍作者乘坐公交车的时候，丢了钱包，一个好心的女士发现了，将钱包归还到作者家里的故事．【解答】1﹣5CDBBA 6﹣10DCADC 11﹣15．BCADA 16﹣20BACDD1． C．考查形容词辨析．根据上文 I could only have left it on the G9 bus可知，作者把钱包遗忘在了公交车上，公交车应该是驶向作者未知的某一站．C选项意为"未知的，陌生的"，符合题意．故选C．2． D．考查形容词辨析．根据下文followed by mental math可知，作者在心里盘算了想要补钱包里丢失的东西需要花费多少代价，D选项意为"令人心悸的，紧张的"，符合语境．face﹣saving保全面子的；brain﹣washing洗脑的；eye﹣catching吸引眼球的．故选D．3．B．考查名词辨析．根据下文The credit cards，the driver's license，the cash，all lost to the bus．可知，此处指替换钱包里的所含之物．B选项意为"内容，所含之物"，符合语境．故选B．4． B．考查动词辨析．根据上文I heard a knock on the door可知，此处指作者的丈夫去应门．B选项意为"回答，应答"，符合语境．故选B．5．A．考查动词辨析．根据上文with not a penny可知，此处指钱包里一分钱都没少．A选项意为"丢失的，缺少的"，符合语境．故选A．6． D．考查副词辨析．根据上文make it to the door to offer my thanks可知，此处指作者甚至还没来得及去门前跟那个人表达谢意，她就离开了．D选项意为"甚至"，符合语境．故选D．7．C．考查动词辨析．根据下文the lady as Erin Smith，此处指作者把这段故事分享在了网上，有人认出了这位送来钱包的女士．C选项意为"辨认出，识别"，符合语境．故选C．8． A．考查动词辨析．根据下文I called to thank her可知，此处指作者知道了那位女士的身份后，没有迟疑就给她打电话表示感谢．A选项意为"延期；耽搁；被耽搁或推迟的时间"，符合语境．故选A．9．D．考查动词辨析．根据下文my wallet on a bus seat可知，此处指那位女士在公交车的座位上发现了作者的钱包．D选项意为"看到，发现，认出"，符合语境．故选D．10． C．考查动词辨析．根据下文that going to a stranger's house 可知，此处指她预料到去陌生人的住处是一个危险之举．C选项意为"估计，推测，预料"，符合语境．故选C．11． B．考查形容词辨析．根据下文but she decided to take the chance．可知，此处指她预料到去陌生人的住处是一个危险之举．B选项意为"危险的，冒险的"，符合语境．故选B．12． C．考查名词辨析．根据下文I would want someone to try to find me可知，此处指那位女士说"如果我处在那样的情形下，我会希望有人试图找到我"．C选项意为"情况，处境，位置"，符合语境．故选C．13． A．考查名词辨析．根据上文This one stranger responded beautifully to my small 可知，此处指这位陌生人极好地应对了作者的这次危机．A选项意为"危机"，符合语境．故选A．14． D．考查动词短语辨析．根据下文my wallet on the bus可知，此处指Erin在公交车上拥有了作者的钱包后，把作者驾照的照片发到了一个论坛上．D选项意为"拥有，占有"，符合语境．got rid of消除；made use of利用；had control of控制．故选D．15．A．考查连词辨析．根据下文anyone knew me可知，此处指Erin在公交车上得到了作者的钱包后，把作者驾照的照片发到了一个论坛上，想要看看是否有人认识作者．If引导条件状语从句，故选A．16．B．考查动词辨析．根据下文words with those moms beyond small talk可知，此处指除了闲聊之外，作者从未与那些妈妈们有过交谈．exchange words意为"交谈，交流"，符合语境．故选B．17．A．考查动词辨析．根据语境可知，此处指作者遇到的人表现得都很热心，不像作者读到的那样各顾各的．A选项意为"遭遇，邂逅；遇到"，符合语境．故选A．18． C．考查动词短语辨析．根据上文 I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger 指回顾整件事情，作者感到很幸运，因为有人愿意帮助陌生人．C选项意为"回顾，回头看"，符合语境．Going away走开； Turning around转身；Coming along一起来．故选C．19．D．考查介词辨析．根据下文what almost anyone would have done可知，此处指Erin在一个寒冷的夜晚找到作者的住所，把钱包还给作者这件事，她做得比任何人本该做的事情更多．D选项意为"超过，越过"，符合语境．故选D．20． D．考查形容词辨析．根据上文 finding my house on a bitterly cold night 可知，此处指Erin在一个寒冷的夜晚找到作者的住所，把钱包还给作者这件事，她做得比任何人本该做的事情更多，作者因为这个非常地感激．D选项意为"感谢的"，符合语境．Longing 渴望的；enthusiastic热情的；grateful感激的，故选D．【点评】本题为完形填空，首先要通读全文，掌握大意，然后仔细阅读，分析每句话的含义和上下文的关联，结合每道题四个选项的含义找出最贴切的选项．第二部分：阅读理解（每小题2.5分，满分50.0分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项．17．（12.5分）History Fair CompetitionUnderstanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation． History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past． It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become．Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition makes understanding history exciting， engaging， and fun!This Year's ThemeAll participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history． To many people，technology means computers， hand﹣held devices， or vehicles that travel to distant planets． However，technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem， touching lives in countless ways．Individuals or groups may enter one of the following categories：•Performance•Documentary （纪实作品）•Essay WritingCategory RequirementsPerformance：A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long．If special clothes are used， they should truly represent a given period．Documentary： A visual presentation （such as a video， slide show， or computer project）no more than 10 minutes long． A desktop computer， screen， projector， and loudspeakers will be available． Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday， March 23．Essay Writing： An academic paper of 2，000 to 2，500 words． No illustrations （图解）are allowed． Please do not include covers． A list of references must be included．Important DatesJanuary 5 Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher．The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off﹣topic or unclear．February 5 Submit a first draft of your essay，performance script （剧本），or documentary highlights．February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions．Students then have an opportunity to improve their products．March 9 Submit a final draft of your essay．March 15 Performance and documentary committee previewMarch 24 Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition7：00 A．M．﹣ 9：00 A．M． Participants signing in at the gym10：00 A．M．﹣ 6：00 P．M． Competition and judges' review7：00 P．M． Awards ceremony and picnic（1）According to Paragraph 1， what is the major goal of understanding history？CA．To preserve national traditions．B．To prepare for a history competition．C．To better know the present and future．D．To further explore historical mysteries．（2）What is the theme of this year's competition？DA．Technology advances science．B．Science interacts with technology．C．Science has made the study of history easy．D．Technology has improved the life of Americans．（3）Among the items provided by the school for a visual presentation are D．A．special clothes and a screenB．a desktop computer and a CDC．a projector and special clothesD．a desktop computer and loudspeakers（4）What would a participant have to do with an essay of 1，500 words to meet the category requirement？AA．Include more information in the essay．B．Remove the references．C．Provide a cover for the essay．D．Explain the details with illustrations．（5）What will the committee of teachers do on February 19？BA．Preview performances and documentaries．B．Make comments on the materials．C．Improve the participant's first draft．D．Collect a second proposal from the participant．【考点】O3：广告布告类阅读．【分析】本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，介绍了一次理解历史大赛，大赛的主题，参赛形式，参赛要求以及一些重要的时间点等等．【解答】（1）﹣﹣﹣（5）CDDAB（1）C．推理判断题．根据文章第一段第二三句History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past． It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become（历史不仅是古老的落满灰尘的老物件和遥远过去的事件，还是我们现在和未来的必不可少的部分）可知，第一段介绍了解历史的主要目标是为了更好地现在和将来，故选C．（2）D．推理判断题．根据This Year's Theme部分第一句All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history（参加者必须撰写在整个历史中通信或者交通技术是怎样提高美国人的生活质量的．）可知，今年的竞赛主题是技术促进了美国人生活的提高，故选D．（3）D．细节理解题．根据Documentary部分中的第一句 A visual presentation （such asa video，slide show，or computer project）no more than 10 minutes long．A desktopcomputer， screen， projector， and loudspeakers will be available（不多于十分钟的视频展示，还可以接触到笔记本电脑，屏幕，投影仪，以及扩音设备）可知，通过对比各个选项的内容可知文章提到了D项内容．故选D．（4）A．推理判断题．根据Essay Writing部分中的第一句An academic paper of 2，000 to 2，500 words． No illustrations （图解） are allowed． Please do not include covers． A list of references must be included（论文要求2000至2500字，不允许有图解，不包括封面，必须有参考书目部分）可知，题干中的1500字的论文不符合2000字以上的写作要求，再结合"不允许有图解，不包括封面，必须有参考书目部分"等要求，所以必须补充更多的信息．故选A．（5）B．推理判断题．根据文章Important Dates中的第三行February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions（二月十九日，教师委员会要评价学生的论文并且给出意见）可知，二月十九日，教师委员会要为学生的论文材料做出评价．故选B．【点评】新闻广告类材料是热门考题．其文句简练，信息量大，句式使用简单，表达方式多样，但阅读这类题目也是有规律可循的．1．品位广告、新闻的标题，预测其内容．阅读广告时，要注意广告中涉及的人物，物品，时间，数字，联系人及方式地址．阅读新闻时，要抓住新闻的特点即何时何处何人发生何事，其经过和结果怎样．2．要抓住书写广告的文体或图片，注意用大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字．3．解题技巧①快速浏览广告、新闻，从标题中预测内容及涉及的类别．②浏览问题，寻找答案．注意地点和时间的多样化造成的误选．③复读材料，核实答案．18．（12.5分）I must have always known reading was very important because the first memoriesI have as a child deal with books．There was not one night that I don't remember momreading me a storybook by my bedside．I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded．I always wanted to know what my mom was reading． Hearing mom say，"I can't believewhat's printed in the newspaper this morning，" made me want to grab it out of her hands andread it myself．I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew．So I carried around a book， and each night， just to be like her， I would pretend to be reading． This is how everyone learned to read． We would start off with sentences， then paragraphs，and then stories．It seemed an unending journey，but even as a six﹣year﹣old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors． When mom said， "The C﹣A﹣N﹣D﹣Y is hidden on the top shelf，" I knew where the candy was． My progress in reading raised my curiosity， and I wanted to know everything． I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly， so that I could read all of the road signs we passed．Most of my reading through primary， middle and high school was factual reading． I read for knowledge， and to make A's on my tests． Occasionally， I would read a novel that was assigned， but I didn't enjoy this type of reading． I liked facts， things that are concrete． I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument．Yet， now that I'm growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex， I find myself needing a way to escape． By opening a novel， I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character． In these worlds I can become anyone． I don't have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this． I just read to relax．We're taught to read because it's necessary for much of human understanding． Reading is a vital part of my life． Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning． And I've found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless．（1）Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom's hands？BA．She wanted mom to read the news to her．B．She was anxious to know what had happened．C．She couldn't wait to tear the newspaper apart．D．She couldn't help but stop mom from reading．（2）According to Paragraph 3， the author's reading of road signs indicates D．A．her unique way to locate herselfB．her eagerness to develop her reading abilityC．her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rulesD．her growing desire to know the world around her（3）What was the author's view on factual reading？CA．It would help her update test﹣taking skills．B．It would allow much room for free thinking．C．It would provide true and objective information．D．It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life．（4）The author takes novel reading as a way to D．A．explore a fantasy landB．develop a passion for learningC．learn about the adult communityD．get away from a confusing world（5）What could be the best title for the passage？CA．The Magic of ReadingB．The Pleasure of ReadingC．Growing Up with ReadingD．Reading Makes a Full Man【考点】OB：人生感悟类阅读．【分析】本文主要介绍了作者在阅读中成长的故事，从小时候通过阅读了解世界和长大后通过阅读远离现实的成长历程．【解答】1． B．细节理解题．根据第二段句子： I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew．我想像我妈妈一样，知道她知道的所有事情．所以答案选B．2．D．推理判断题．根据第三段的句子： It seemed an unending journey， but even as a six﹣year﹣old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors．这似乎是一段永无止境的旅程，但即使是作为一个六岁的女孩，我也意识到知道如何阅读可以打开许多扇门．可见作者对路标的解读表明她越来越渴望了解周围的世界．所以选D．3．C．推理判断题．根据第四段句子： I liked facts， things that are concrete．我喜欢事实，喜欢具体的东西．可见作者认为阅读将提供真实和客观的信息．所以选C．4．D．细节理解题．根据倒数第二段句子：I find myself needing a way to escape．By opening a novel， I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character．我发现自己需要一种逃避的方式，打开一本小说，。

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。

第l卷1至10页，第Ⅱ卷11至12页。

第I卷第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

例：Stand over there ___________ you’ll be able to see it better.A. orB. andC. butD. while答案是B。

1.—I guess you want to go play tennis.—___________. That’s exactly what I was thinking too.A. I didn’t get itB. It’s up to youC. You never knowD. You read my mind2. I ___________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.A. had hopedB. am hopingC. have hopedD. would hope3. A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than ___________ who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them4. ___________ to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.A. LearnB. LearnedC. LearningD. Having learned5. ___________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.A. According toB. Instead ofC. In addition toD. In spite of6. —My son got a full scholarship to his dream university!—Wow, ___________! What’s he going to study?A. good for himB. go for itC. what a coincidenceD. all the best7. We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________ on our lives in many ways.A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment8. Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.A. is givenB. are givenC. was givenD. were given9. Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t ___________ what he was saying.A. set asideB. take backC. make outD. keep off10. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ___________ to helpthem succeed academically and personally.A. designedB. designingC. to designD. being designed11. Their child is at the stage ___________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what12. The professor warned the students that on no account ___________ use mobile phones in his class.A. should theyB. they shouldC. dare theyD. they dare13. Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’opinion ___________ he wants their support.A. sinceB. onceC. unlessD. after14. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ___________ the task in half the time.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished15. A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is ___________ established.A. properlyB. widelyC. originallyD. temporarily 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷）英语笔试本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题)两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。

第l卷1至10页,第Ⅱ卷11至12页.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上,并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。

答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

祝各位考生考试顺利！第I卷注意事项：1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号2. 本卷共55小题，共95分.第一部分:英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分)第一节；单项填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

例：Stand over there _____________ you'll be able to see it better.A. or B。

and C. but D。

while答案是B.1。

-I guess you want to go play tennis。

—__________。

That’s exactly what I was thinking too。

A. I didn’t get itB. It’s up to youC。

You never know D. You read my mind【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。

句意：——我猜你想去打网球.——你猜透了我的心思。

那就是我正在想着的事情.从回答的后半句可知，听话人同意说话人的意思.而A（不明白,不认同某人的说法)、B(决于你)和C（很难说，不可预知)都不符合语境。

“you read my mind”意为“你知我心"，符合语境，故选D。

2.I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.A. had hoped B。

2019年高考天津卷英语词汇手册单词短语词表2019年天津卷词汇手册词条数量总计4593，其中单词3063个；词条单列的加粗词块1072个，从例句中分拣出词块458个，合计1530个词块（含句型）；近义词辨析79组。

1.A2311. ahalf a + n.many a2.abandonabandon oneself to3.ability4.ablebe able to do sth*can, be able to5.aboard6.abolish7.aboutlook about/around*around, round8.above9.abroad10.abrupt*≈unexpected, sudden 11.absencein the absence of 12.absentabsent oneself from13.absolute14.absorbabsorbedbe absorbed in sth 15.abstractabstract sth from sth 16.absurd*≈unreasonable, ridiculous 17.abundantbe abundant in18.abuse19.academic20.accent21.accept22.accessaccess to sth23.accident24.accommodateaccommodate…to sth 25.accompany~ sth by/with~ sb at/on sth26.accomplish27.accordingaccording to28.accounton account ofnot on any account(on no account)on one’s own accounttake sth into account29.accountant30.accumulate31.accuracy32.accurate33.accuseaccuse sb of sth34.accustomaccustom oneself/sb/sth tobe accustomed to sth35.ache36.achieve*achieve, gain37.acknowledge38.acquaintance39.acquire40.acre41.across42.act43.action44.active45.activity46.actor47.actress48.actual49.acute*≈severe, sharp50.adaptadapt oneself tobe adapted from51.addadd… toadd to79.againstfight againstagainst the wind80.ageat the age of81.agency82.agenda83.agent84.aggressive85.ago86.agreeagree to do sthagree with87.agreementarrive at(reach/come to) an ~in agreement with88.agriculture89.agricultural90.ahead91.aid92.AIDS93.aimaim one’s gun ataim for94.airby air95.aircraft96.airline97.airport98.alarm99.album100.alcohol101.alike102.alive103.allall overin allnot at allabove allall in allfirst of all104.allow*allow, permit105.allowance106.almost107.alonelet alone*alone, lonely108.along109.aloud110.alphabet111.already112.also113.alternative114.although115.altogether116.always117.amateur118.amazing119.ambassador120.ambition121.ambulance122.among123.amountamount toin large/small amounts124.amuse125.amusing126.analyze127.analysisdo/ carry out/ conduct an ~128.analyst129.ancestor130.ancient131.and132.anger133.angle134.angry135.animal136.ankle137.anniversary138.announce139.annoy140.annual141.anotherone after another142.answer143.anxietywith anxietyanxiety for sth144.anxiousbe anxious aboutbe anxious to do145.any146.anybody147.anyhow148.anyone149.anything150.anyway151.anywhere152.apartapart from153.apartment154.apologizeapologize to sb for doing sth/sth155.apologyoffer/ make/ an ~ to156.appealappeal to sb for…appeal to sb157.appear158.appearance159.appetitelose one’s appetitehave an appetite for160.apple161.application162.applicant163.applyapply forapply to164.appoint165.appointmentmake an appointment166.appreciate167.approach168.appropriatebe appropriate for169.approval170.approveapprove of171.architecture172.area173.argueargue with sb about/over sth174.argument175.arise176.arm1 n.177.arm2n./v178.army179.around180.arousearouse sb's interest /curiosity/enthusiasm/anger181.arrange182.arrest183.arrivalupon one’s arrival184.arrivearrive at/ in a place185.art186.article187.artificial188.artist189.asas…as…not so…as…as if/though190.ash191.ashamed192.aside193.askask for194.asleep195.aspect196.assessment197.assistassist sb in/ with sthassist sb in doing sth198.assistant199.associatebe associated with200.associationin association (with)201.assume202.assumptionon the assumption that203.astonishbe astonished at204.astronaut205.at206.athlete207.atmosphere208.attachattach sth to sthattach importance/ significanceto sth 209.attackmake an attack upon210.attemptmake an attempt to do sth211.attendattend to212.attentionpay attention to sth213.attitudeattitude to/towards214.attract215.attractivebe attractive to sb216.audience217.aunt218.author219.authorityhave authority overhave the authority to do sthin authority220.automatic221.autumn222.available223.avenue224.averageon average225.avoid226.awake227.award228.awarebe aware of229.awaybe away fromgo/run away230.awful231.awkward*2≈embarrassed2.B185232.baby233.back234.background235.backwards236.bacon237.bacteria238.bad239.badly240.bag241.baggage242.bake243.balancekeep a balance between244.ball245.ballet246.balloon247.bamboo248.ban249.banana250.band251.bank252.banquet253.bar254.barber255.bare256.bargainbargain with257.barkbark at258.barrierbarrier to259.basebase…on…260.baseball261.basic262.basin263.basison a weekly basisform the basis of…264.basket265.basketball266.bat267.bath268.bathe269.bathroom270.battery271.battlebattle with/ against sb/sth272.bay273.be274.beach275.bear1 n.276.bear2 v.277.beard278.beast279.beat*beat, win280.beautiful281.beauty282.becausebecause of283.become284.bedgo to bedmake the bed285.bedroom286.bee287.beef288.beer289.before290.beg291.begin292.beginningat the beginning of293.behalfon behalf of294.behave295.behavio(u)r296.behind297.beliefbelief in sth/ sb298.believebelieve in299.bell300.belongbelong to301.below302.belt303.bench304.bend305.beneath306.beneficialbe beneficial to sth/ sb307.benefitbe of benefit tobenefit from/ by sth308.beside309.besides*beside, but, except, except for 310.bestdo one’s bestall the best 311.best-seller312.betraybetray sb/ sth to sb313.betterhad better314.betweenin between315.beyond316.bicycle317.bidbid (sth) (for sth)bid for318.big319.bike320.bill321.billion322.biography323.biology324.bird325.birthgive birth to326.birthday327.biscuit328.bita bit of329.bite330.bitter331.black332.blackboard333.blamebe blamed forbe to blameblame sb/ sth on/upon sb334.blank335.blanket336.bleed337.bless338.blindbe blind toturn a blind eye to339.block340.blood341.blouse342.blow1v.blow off343.blow2n.344.blue345.boardon board346.boat347.body348.boil349.bomb350.bond351.bone352.bonus353.book1n.354.book2v.355.booma boom in356.boot357.border358.boredget bored with sb/ sth359.boring360.born361.borrow362.boss363.both364.bother365.bottle366.bottomat the ~ offrom the ~ of one’s/ the heart367.boundary368.bowbow to sb369.bowl370.box371.boxing372.boy373.brain374.branch375.brand376.brave377.bread378.breakbreak away (from)break downbreak inbreak intobreak outbreak throughbreak up (with sb)379.breakfastat breakfasthave breakfast 380.breakthrough 381.breast382.breathhold one’s breathout of breath 383.breathe384.breed385.breeze386.brick387.bridgebridge the gap 388.briefin brief389.bright390.brilliant391.bringbring aboutbring downbring forwardbring inbring outbring up392.broad393.broadcast394.broken395.broom396.brother397.brown398.brush399.budgeton/ within budgetover budgeton a budget 400.build401.building402.bulletin403.burdenburden …with…404.burglar405.burnburn down 406.burstburst into407.burybury in/ under408.bus409.bush410.business*business, trade411.busybe busy (in) doingbe busy with412.but413.butcher414.butter415.butterfly416.button417.buy418.byby oneselfby bus/ car/plane/ train / ship/air419.bye-bye3.C303420.cabbage421.cable422.café423.cage424.cake425.calculatecalculate on doing sth/ sth426.calendar427.callcall forcall offcall upcall on sb428.calm*calm, peaceful, quiet429.camel430.camera431.camp432.campaign433.campus434.can1v.435.can2n.436.canal437.cancel438.cancer439.candidate440.candle441.candy442.cap443.capital444.captain445.capture446.car447.carbon448.card449.carewith caretake care ofcare aboutcare for450.career451.careful452.careless453.carpet454.carriage455.carrot456.carrycarry oncarry out457.cartoon458.casein casein case ofif that is the casein any casein no casein this/that case459.cash460.castcast asidecast awaycast off461.castle462.casual463.cat464.catalogue465.catchcatch up withcatch firebe caught incatch one’s eye466.category467.cattle468.cause469.cautiousbe cautious about/ of sb/sth 470.cave471.ceiling472.celebrate473.celebrity474.cell475.cent476.center/centre477.central478.century479.ceremony480.certaincertain of/about sth; ~ that; ~ todo sth481.certainly482.certificate483.chain484.chair485.chairman486.chalk487.challenge488.champion489.chanceby chance490.changechange sth for sth491.channel492.chaosin chaos493.chapter494.character495.characteristicbe characteristic of sb/ sth 496.chargein charge ofcharge sb with497.charity498.charm499.chart500.chasechase after sb/sthchase about/around501.chat502.cheap503.cheat 504.check1v.check incheck offcheck out505.check2 n.506.cheek507.cheer508.cheers509.cheese510.chemical511.chemistry512.cheque513.chess514.chest515.chicken516.chief517.child (pl. children)518.chilly519.chimney520.chocolate521.choice522.choose523.Christian524.Christmas525.church526.cigarette/cigar527.cinemago to the cinema528.circle529.circumstancesunder no circumstancesunder/in the circumstances530.citizen531.city532.civil533.civilization534.claim535.clap536.clarify537.class538.classic539.classical540.classifyclassify sb/sth as541.classmate542.classroom543.clean544.clear545.clerk546.clever547.click548.climate549.climb550.clinic551.clock552.clone553.closeclose to554.cloth555.clothes556.clothing557.cloud558.club559.clue560.coach561.coal562.coast563.coat564.cock565.coffee566.coin567.coincidenceWhat a coincidence!by coincidence(It is no ~ that…)568.coke569.cold570.collar571.colleague572.collect573.collegego to colledge574.color575.columnbbinecombine …with…ecome acrosscome backcome downcome fromcome income oncome outcome up withedyfortfortablemandermentmake comments on /upon sth mercialmitcommit sb/oneself to sth/doing sthmitteemon*common, ordinary, general municate(communicate with sb )communicate sth to sb/sth munismmunistmunitypanionpanyparecompare …with…parisonpetecompete againstpetitionplaincomplain about/ ofpleteplexplicatedponentposebe composed ofpositionprehensionpromisecompromise between/ on sthreach a compromisecompromise on sthpulsoryputer609.concentrateconcentrate on sth/ doing sth 610.concept611.concernconcern about/over/withas far as …be concernedbe concerned withbe concerned for/about612.concert613.conclude614.conclusion615.concrete*concrete, specific616.condemncondemn sb/sth for/as sth617.conditionbe in excellent etc. conditionin dark conditions618.conductunder the conduct of619.conductor620.conference621.confidentbe confident about/of622.confirm623.conflictcome into conflict within conflict with624.confrontconfront sb with sb/sth625.confuseconfuse A and/ with B626.congratulatecongratulate sb (on sth)627.congratulationcongratulation on/ upon628.connectconnect …with…connect …to…629.consciousbe conscious of sth/ that…630.consequencein consequence (of sth)631.conservation632.conservative633.consider*consider, regard, treat634.considerate635.consistconsist inconsist of636.consistent637.constant638.constitution639.construct640.constructionunder construction (=beingbuilt)641.consultconsult sb/sth about/ for sthconsult with sb642.consultant643.consume644.consumer645.contactbe out of contactmake contact with646.contain*contain, hold647.contemporary648.content1n.content sb/oneself with649.content2adj. /vt.be content with*content, satisfied650.contest651.continent652.continue653.contract654.contrarycontrary toon the contrary655.contrastcontrast A and/with Bcontrast to/ with sb/ sthcontrast between A and B656.contributecontribute to657.controlout of controlunder one’s control658.controversial659.convenient660.conventional661.conversation662.conveyconvey...to sb663.convinceconvince sb of sth 664.cook665.cool666.cooperatecooperate with667.cooperationin cooperation with 668.copy669.corn670.corneraround/ round the corner 671.corporation672.correct673.costfree of costat all costs674.cottage675.cotton676.cough677.could678.countcount on/upon=rely on 679.counter680.country681.countryside682.couplea couple of683.courage684.courseof course685.court686.courtyard687.cousin688.coverbe covered with689.cow690.crashcrash sth into sth 691.crazybe crazy about/ overdrive sb crazy692.cream693.create*create, invent694.creature 695.creditcredit cardon credit696.crew697.crime698.criminal699.crisis (pl. crises)700.criterion (criteria)criteria of/ for…701.critic702.critical703.criticism704.criticize705.crop706.crosscross one’s legbe cross with sb/ about sth707.crossing708.crowda crowd of709.cruel710.crycry for*cry, shout, call, scream711.culture712.cup713.cupboard714.curea cure for715.curiousbe curious about716.currency717.current718.curriculumon a school’s ~719.curtain720.cushion721.custom722.customer723.customize724.customs725.cutcut downcut incut offcut out726.cute727.cycle4. D 172728.dad729.daily730.damage731.damp*damp, wet732.dance733.danger*danger, risk734.dangerous735.dare736.dark737.data738.database739.dateto dateout of datedate back to740.daughter741.dawn742.dayby dayday after dayday and nightone daythe day after tomorrowthe day before yesterdaythe other day743.dead744.deadline745.deaf746.deala good/ great deal ofdeal with747.dear748.death749.debate750.debtbe in/ out of debtbe in debt to sbget into/ out of debt751.decade752.decide*decide, determine753.decision754.deck755.declare756.declinefall/ go into a declineon the decline757.decorate758.deeddo a good deed 759.deep760.deer761.defeat762.defence763.defend764.define765.definite766.degree767.delay768.delegate769.delicate770.delicious771.delighttake delight into one’s delight772.delighteddelighted to do sthdelighted with/ by/ at…773.deliver774.demand775.demonstrate776.dentist777.department778.departuredeparture from779.dependdepend on780.deposit781.depress782.depth783.describe784.descriptionbeyond description 785.desert1v.786.desert2n.787.deserve788.design789.desire*desire, wish, want 790.desk791.despairin despair792.desperatebe desperate for793.despite794.dessert795.destination796.destroy797.detailin detail798.detect799.detective800.determinebe determined to do sth801.developdevelop (from…) into802.devotedevote one’s life to sth/ doingsth803.diagnose~ sb with sth804.dial805.dialogue806.diamond807.diary808.dictation809.dictionary810.diedie awaydie downdie from/ ofdie out811.dieton a diet812.differdiffer from813.differencemake a difference (to sb/sth)814.different815.difficult816.difficulty817.digdig throughdig into818.digest819.digital820.dignity821.dimensionin 3 dimensions822.dining-room823.dinner824.diploma825.direct826.directionin the direction of827.director828.dirt829.dirty830.disabled831.disappear832.disappointbe disappointed with833.disaster834.discipline835.discountat a discount836.discouragediscourage sb from doing837.discover838.discriminationdiscrimination against sb839.discuss840.discussion841.disease842.disgusting843.dish844.dismissdismiss sb from…845.displayon display846.distancefrom a distancein the distance847.distant848.distinctiondistinction between A and B849.distinctive850.distinguishdistinguish between/ fromdistinguish sth into sthdistinguish oneself851.distributedistribute sth among852.district853.disturb854.divedive into855.diverse856.dividedivide up/ outdivide into857.divorcedivorce sth from sth 858.dodo well in859.doctor860.document861.dog862.doll863.dollar864.dominate865.donatedonate sth to sb/ sth 866.door867.double868.doubt869.down870.download871.downstairs872.downtown873.dozen874.draft875.drag876.drama877.drawdraw backdraw updraw upondraw one’s attention (to) 878.drawbackdrawback of/ to doing sth 879.drawer880.drawing881.dreamdream of/ about882.dressbe dressed indress up883.drill884.drink 885.drive886.drop(Just) drop it.drop by/in/over/ around887.drown888.drug889.drum890.dry891.duck892.due(be due to do)due to893.dull894.dumpling895.during896.dusk897.dust898.dusty899.dutyon dutydo one’s dutyoff duty900.dynamic901.dynasty5.E134902.eacheach other903.eager904.ear905.early906.earn907.earth908.earthquake909.east910.eastern911.easytake it easy912.eateat up913.economic914.economy915.edge916.edition917.editorcation919.effectcome into effecthave/ produce an effect on sthtake effect920.efficient921.effortmake an effort to do sthspare no effort to do922.egg923.eggplant924.eithereither… or…925.elder926.elect927.electric928.electricity929.electronic930.elegant931.elephant932.else933.embarrass934.embarrassed935.embassy936.emergeemerge from937.emergency938.emission939.emotion940.emperor941.employ942.empty943.encounter*encounter, confront, face,meet944.encourage945.endin the endbring sth to an endmake (both) ~s meeton endend up946.endanger947.enemy948.energetic949.energy950.engagebe engaged (to sb)~ sb in sth/ doing sth951.engine952.engineer953.enjoyenjoy oneself954.enlarge955.enormous*enormous, huge, vast 956.enoughhave had enough of sth*enough, adequate 957.enquiry (inquiry)enquiry about sb/ sthenquiry into958.ensure959.enter960.enterprise961.entertainment962.enthusiasticbe enthusiastic for/about 963.entire964.entrance965.entry966.envelope967.environment968.envy969.equalbe equal to sth970.equipment971.error972.escapeescape from973.especially974.essay975.essentialbe essential to976.establish977.estimateestimate sth at ($) 978.ethnic979.evaluate*evaluate, estimate, value 980.eveon the eve of981.eveneven if/though982.evening983.event 984.eventually985.everever sincefor ever986.every987.everybody988.everyone989.everything990.everywhere991.evidence992.evolution993.exact994.examexamination995.examine996.examplefor examplefollow one’s exampleset an ~ (to/ for sb)997.excelexcel in/ at998.excellent999.except1000.exceptional1001.exchangein exchange for1002.excite1003.exciting1004.excuse1005.exercise1006.exhausted1007.exhibition1008.existexist in1009.exit1010.expandexpand sth into sth1011.expect1012.expedition1013.expenseat one’s expense1014.expensive1015.experience1016.experiment1017.expert1018.explain1019.explanation1020.explode1021.exploit1022.explore1023.export1024.expose~ sth/sb/ oneself to1025.exposureexposure to sth1026.express1027.expression1028.extend1029.extinguish1030.extra1031.extraordinary1032.extreme1033.extremely1034.eyehave an eye forin one's eyeskeep an/one's eye on1035.eyebrow1036.eyesight6. F 1561037.faceface to facemake a face1038.facility1039.factas a matter of factin fact1040.factor1041.factory1042.fadefade away1043.failfail to do1044.failure1045.fair1046.fairly1047.faithhave faith inbreak one’s ~ with sb1048.fallfall asleepfall ill1049.false1050.familiarbe familiar tobe familiar with 1051.family1052.famous1053.fan1054.fancyhave a fancy for sthcatch/ take sb’s fancyfancy doing sth. 1055.fantastic1056.fantasy1057.farfar awayfar fromso far1058.fare1059.farm1060.farmer1061.farther1062.fascinating1063.fast1064.fasten1065.fat1066.fateleave sb to sb’s own fate 1067.father1068.fault1069.favo(u)rshow favor to sbdo sb a favor1070.favo(u)rite1071.faxfax sth to sb1072.fear1073.feather1074.feature1075.federal1076.fee1077.feedfeed onfeed sb on/ with sthfeed sth to sb1078.feelfeel like doing 1079.feeling 1080.fellow1081.female1082.fence1083.festival1084.fetch1085.feverhave a high feverin a fever1086.fewa few1087.fiction1088.field1089.fierce1090.fight1091.figurefigure out1092.file1093.fillfill infill outfill upfill up with1094.film1095.final1096.finance1097.findfind outhave/ make a great find1098.fine1099.finger1100.finish1101.firecatch fire(be) on fire1102.fireworks1103.firm1104.firstat firstfirst of all1105.fish1106.fist1107.fitfit in withbe fit for1108.fix1109.flag1110.flame1111.flashin a flashflash into one’s mind1112.flashlight1113.flat1 n.1114.flat2 adj.1115.flavor1116.flee1117.flesh1118.flexible1119.flight1120.float1121.flood1122.floor1123.flour1124.flow1125.flower1126.flu1127.fluentbe fluent in1128.fly1 v.1129.fly2 n.1130.focusfocus one’s eyes on1131.fogin a fog1132.fold1133.folk1134.followfollow one’s advice1135.fondbe fond of1136.food1137.fool1138.foolish1139.footat the foot ofon foot1140.football1141.for1142.forbid1143.force1144.forecast1145.forehead1146.foreign1147.forest1148.forever1149.forget1150.forgive1151.fork1152.formform a habit1153.formal1154.former1155.formula1156.fortunate1157.fortunemake a fortunetry one’s fortune*fate, fortune, luck 1158.forward1159.found1160.fountain1161.fox1162.fragile1163.framework1164.frankly1165.freeset freefor free(free of charge) 1166.freedom1167.freeze1168.frequent1169.fresh1170.fridge1171.friendmake friends with 1172.friendlybe friendly to 1173.friendship1174.frighten1175.frog1176.fromfrom now/ then on 1177.frontin front of1178.fruit1179.frustration1180.fry1181.fuel1182.fullbe full of1183.funmake fun ofHave fun!1184.function1185.fundraise fund for1186.fundamental≈essential1187.funeral1188.funny1189.fur1190.furniture1191.further1192.futurein the future7.G 801193.gain1194.gallery1195.game1196.gapbridge/ narrow the gapgeneration gap1197.garage1198.garbage1199.garden1200.gas1201.gate1202.gather1203.gay1204.gene1205.general1206.generate1207.generation1208.generousbe generous to sb/ sth1209.genius1210.gentle1211.gentleman1212.geography1213.gesture1214.getget along (with)get awayget backget downget inget offget onget on withget throughget togetherget up1215.gifthave a gift for*gift, present1216.girl1217.givegive backgive in to sb/sthgive outgive upgive awaygive off1218.glad1219.glanceglance at/ over/ throughglance roundat first glance1220.glareglare at1221.glass1222.global1223.glory1224.glove1225.gogo awaygo backgo bygo fishing/ shopping/ skating /swimminggo for a walkgo ongo on doing sthgo outgo overgo through1226.goal1227.goat1228.god1229.gold1230.golden1231.golf1232.goodbe good at1233.good-bye1234.goods1235.gooseerngovern one’s feelings/ passion/temperernment1238.grabmake a grab for1239.graceful1240.grade1241.gradual1242.gradually1243.graduate1244.grain1245.grammar1246.grand1247.granddaughter1248.grandfather1249.grandmother1250.grandson1251.grape1252.grasp1253.grass1254.gratefulbe grateful to sb for sthbe grateful that1255.great1256.green1257.greet1258.greeting1259.grey1260.grocer1261.groundground floor1262.group*group, company, party 1263.growgrow up1264.guarantee1265.guardguard againstbe on guard1266.guess1267.guest1268.guide1269.guideline1270.guiltybe guilty about/ atbe guilty of1271.guitar1272.gun1273.gym8.H 1051274.habit1275.habitat1276.hair1277.haircut1278.hairdresserat the hairdresser's1279.halfhalf an hour1280.hall1281.ham1282.hamburger1283.hammer1284.handhand inhand out1285.handkerchief1286.handle1287.handsome1288.handwriting1289.handy1290.hang1 v. hung, hunghang abouthang onhang outhang uphang2 vt. ~ed, ~ed1291.happenhappen to1292.happy*happy, cheerful, glad1293.harbo (u)r1294.hard*hard, difficult1295.hardly1296.hardship1297.hard-working1298.harm1299.harmonylive in harmonybe in harmony withbe out of harmony with1300.harvest1301.hat1302.hatch1303.hate1304.havehave got tohave sth onhave tohave to do with1305.he1306.headhead for/ towards1307.headachehave a headache1308.headline1309.headmaster1310.health1311.healthy1312.hearhear fromhear of/about1313.heartlearn/know sth by heartlose heart1314.heat1315.heaven1316.heavy1317.height1318.helicopter1319.hello1320.helmet1321.helphelp onself tohelp yourself1322.her1323.herehere and there1324.hero1325.hers1326.herself1327.hesitatehesitate about doing sth1328.hi1329.hide1330.high。

天津市2019年高考英语试卷第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．例：Stand over there ______you'll be able to see it better.A.or B. and C. but D. while答案是B．1．（1分）﹣I guess you want to go play tennis．﹣________．That's exactly what I was thinking too．（）A．I didn't get it B．It's up to youC．You never know D．You read my mind2．（1分）I________to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it．（）A．had hoped B．am hoping C．have hoped D．would hope 3．（1分）A study shows the students who are engaged in after﹣school activities are happier than________who are not．（）A．ones B．those C．these D．them4．（1分）_________to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future．（）A．Learn B．LearnedC．Learning D．Having learned5．（1分）________all the problems，several of the players produced excellent performances．（）A．According to B．Instead ofC．In addition to D．In spite of6．（1分）﹣My son got a full scholarship to his dream university!﹣Wow，________! What's he going to study？（）A．good for him B．go for itC．what a coincidence D．all the best7．（1分）We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a（n）________on our lives in many ways．（）A．statement B．impact C．impression D．judgment8．（1分）Amy，as well as her brothers，________a warm welcome when returning to the village last week．（）A．is given B．are given C．was given D．were given9．（1分）Kate heard a man's voice in the background，but she couldn't________what he was saying．（）A．set aside B．take back C．make out D．keep off10．（1分）Most colleges now offer first﹣year students a course specially________to help them succeed academically and personally．（）A．designed B．designingC．to design D．being designed11．（1分）Their child is at the stage_______she can say individual words but not full sentences．（）A．why B．where C．which D．what12．（1分）The professor warned the students that on no account________use mobile phones in his class．（）A．should they B．they shouldC．dare they D．they dare13．（1分）Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion________he wants their support．（）A．since B．once C．unless D．after14．（1分）The workers were not better organized，otherwise they________the task in half the time．（）A．accomplishedB．had accomplishedC．would accomplishD．would have accomplished15．（1分）A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is________established．（）A．properly B．widelyC．originally D．temporarily第二节：完形填空（每小题 1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16?35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项．．（30分）I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night，when fear seized me．My wallet was gone．I could only have left it on the G9 bus，which was now speeding in the dark to some（1）station．The（2）moment was quickly followed by mental math．How much time and money would it cost to replace the（3）of that little wallet？The credit cards，the driver's license，the cash，all lost to the bus．Two hours later，back at my house，I heard a knock on the door．My husband（4）it while I was on the phone in the dining room．"Does Jennifer live here？" I heard a lady say．In my husband's hand was my wallet，with not a penny（5）．She left beforeI could （6）make it to the door to offer my thanks．After sharing the story online，I heard from someone，who（7）the lady as Erin Smith．Without（8），I called to thank her．She said she （9）my wallet on a bus seat．She （10）that going to a stranger's house was a（11）move，but she decided to take the chance．"If I were in that（12）．I would want someone to try to find me，"she said．This one stranger responded beautifully to my small （13），but she actually wasn't the only one．Right after Erin （14）my wallet on the bus，she posted a picture of my driver's license to an online forum （论坛），trying to see（15）anyone knew me．No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son's nursery and who recognized my face．I've never（16）words with those moms beyond small talk，but they wanted to help．I read that people are more divided than ever，but that's not how the people I（17）tend to act．（18），I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger．Erin had gone （19）what almost anyone would have done，finding my house on a bitterly cold night and for that I was extremely（20）．（1）A．accessible B．hidden C．unknown D．convenient（2）A．face﹣saving B．brain﹣washing C．eye﹣catching D．heart﹣stopping （3）A．parts B．contents C．details D．ingredients（4）A．ignored B．answered C．examined D．interrupted（5）A．missing B．returned C．remaining D．abandoned（6）A．still B．ever C．yet D．even（7）A．selected B．appointed C．identified D．defined（8）A．delay B．alarm C．regret D．invitation（9）A．moved B．placed C．opened D．spotted（10）A．disagreed B．complained C．calculated D．recommended （11）A．selfless B．risky C．slow D．personal（12）A．site B．direction C．situation D．atmosphere （13）A．crisis B．danger C．threat D．failure（14）A．got rid of B．made use of C．had control of D．took possessionof （15）A．if B．where C．how D．when（16）A．recalled B．exchanged C．repeated D．whispered（17）A．encounter B．follow C．consult D．accompany（18）A．Going away B．Turning around C．Looking back D．Coming along （19）A．into B．against C．over D．beyond（20）A．longing B．enthusiastic C．concerned D．grateful第二部分：阅读理解（每小题 2.5分，满分50.0分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项．（12.5分）History Fair CompetitionUnderstanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation．History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past．It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become．Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition makes understanding history exciting，engaging，and fun!This Year's ThemeAll participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history．To many people，technology means computers，hand﹣held devices，or vehicles that travel to distant planets．However，technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem，touching lives in countless ways．Individuals or groups may enter one of the following categories：?Performance?Documentary （纪实作品）?Essay WritingCategory RequirementsPerformance： A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long．If special clothes are used，they should truly represent a given period．Documentary： A visual presentation （such as a video，slide show，or computer project）no more than 10 minutes long． A desktop computer，screen，projector，and loudspeakers will be available．Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday，March 23．Essay Writing：An academic paper of 2，000 to 2，500 words．No illustrations （图解）are allowed．Please do not include covers． A list of references must be included．Important DatesJanuary 5 Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher．The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off﹣topic or unclear．February 5 Submit a first draft of your essay，performance script （剧本），or documentary highlights．February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions．Students then have an opportunity to improve their products．March 9 Submit a final draft of your essay．March 15 Performance and documentary committee previewMarch 24 Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition7：00 A．M．﹣9：00 A．M．Participants signing in at the gym10：00 A．M．﹣6：00 P．M．Competition and judges' review7：00 P．M．Awards ceremony and picnic（1）According to Paragraph 1，what is the major goal of understanding history？A．To preserve national traditions．B．To prepare for a history competition．C．To better know the present and future．D．To further explore historical mysteries．（2）What is the theme of this year's competition？A．Technology advances science．B．Science interacts with technology．C．Science has made the study of history easy．D．Technology has improved the life of Americans．（3）Among the items provided by the school for a visual presentation are．A．special clothes and a screenB．a desktop computer and a CDC．a projector and special clothesD．a desktop computer and loudspeakers（4）What would a participant have to do with an essay of 1，500 words to meet the category requirement？A．Include more information in the essay．B．Remove the references．C．Provide a cover for the essay．D．Explain the details with illustrations．（5）What will the committee of teachers do on February 19？A．Preview performances and documentaries．B．Make comments on the materials．C．Improve the participant's first draft．D．Collect a second proposal from the participant．18．（12.5分）I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books．There was not one night that I don't remember mom readingme a storybook by my bedside．I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded．I always wanted to know what my mom was reading．Hearing mom say，"I can't believe what's printed in the newspaper this morning，" made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself．I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew．So I carried around a book，and each night，just to be like her，I would pretend to be reading．This is how everyone learned to read．We would start off with sentences，then paragraphs，and then stories．It seemed an unending journey，but even as a six﹣year﹣old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors．When mom said，"The C﹣A﹣N﹣D﹣Y is hidden on the top shelf，" I knew where the candy was．My progress in reading raised my curiosity，and I wanted to know everything．I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly，so that I could read all of the road signs we passed．Most of my reading through primary，middle and high school was factual reading．I read for knowledge，and to make A's on my tests．Occasionally，I would read a novel that was assigned，but I didn't enjoy this type of reading．I liked facts，things that are concrete．I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument．Yet，now that I'm growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex，I find myself needing a way to escape．By opening a novel，I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character．In these worlds I can become anyone．I don't have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this．I just read to relax．We're taught to read because it's necessary for much of human understanding．Reading is a vital part of my life．Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning．And I've found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless．（1）Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom's hands？A．She wanted mom to read the news to her．B．She was anxious to know what had happened．C．She couldn't wait to tear the newspaper apart．D．She couldn't help but stop mom from reading．（2）According to Paragraph 3，the author's reading of road signs indicates．A．her unique way to locate herselfB．her eagerness to develop her reading abilityC．her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rulesD．her growing desire to know the world around her（3）What was the author's view on factual reading？A．It would help her update test﹣taking skills．B．It would allow much room for free thinking．C．It would provide true and objective information．D．It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life．（4）The author takes novel reading as a way to．A．explore a fantasy landB．develop a passion for learningC．learn about the adult communityD．get away from a confusing world（5）What could be the best title for the passage？A．The Magic of ReadingB．The Pleasure of ReadingC．Growing Up with ReadingD．Reading Makes a Full Man19．（12.5分）How does an ecosystem （生态系统）work？What makes the populations of different species the way they are？Why are there so many flies and so few wolves？To find an answer，scientists have built mathematical models of food webs，noting who eats whom and how much each one eats．With such models，scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs．Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones．When a predator （掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey （猎物），the two species are strongly linked；when a predator lives on various species，they are weakly linked．Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term．If a predator can eat several species，it can survive theextinction （灭绝）of one of them．And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare，the switch allows the original prey to recover．The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction．Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable，where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems．In the 1960s，scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species﹣including species they did not directly attack．And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top﹣down control by top predators to be true．In the ocean，we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale，while on land，we killed off large predators such as wolves．These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance．Scientists have built an early﹣warning system based on mathematical models．Ideally，the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem towarda breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline．Prevention is key，scientists say，because once ecosystems pass their tipping point （临界点），it is remarkably difficult for them to return．（1）What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs？A．The living habits of species in food webs．B．The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems．C．The approaches to studying die species in the ecosystems．D．The differences between weak and strong links in food webs．（2）A strong link is found between two species when a predator．A．has a wide food choiceB．can easily find new preyC．sticks to one prey speciesD．can quickly move to another place（3）What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline？A．The prey species they directly attack will die out．B．The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators．C．The living environment of other species will remain unchanged．D．The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes．（4）What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4？A．Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems．B．Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats．C．Species of commercial value dominate other species．D．Industrial activities help keep food webs stable．（5）How does an early﹣warning system help us maintain the ecological balance？A．By getting illegal practices under control．B．By stopping us from killing large predators．C．By bringing the broken﹣down ecosystems back to normal．D．By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action．．（12.5分）Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old．Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune． A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison．Driven by heaven﹣knows﹣what motives，he determines to write a book．The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years．That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）．And the story poses an interesting question：why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark．I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top．We can't all get there．I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years．Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives．We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it．Nothing surprises us．We lose our sense of wonder．But，if we are willing to learn，the opportunities are everywhere．The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills．We learn to bear with the things we can't change．We learn to avoid self﹣pity．We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us﹣an idea that troubles at first but iseventually relaxing．With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning．Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life．However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos （自我），whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept．Many of us equate （视…等同于）"commitment" with such "caring" occupations as teaching and nursing．But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment．People who work toward such excellence﹣whether they are driving a truck，or running a store﹣make the world better just by being the kind of people they are．They've learned life's most valuable lesson．（1）The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that．A．loss of freedom stimulates one's creativityB．age is not a barrier to achieving one's goalC．misery inspires a man to fight against his fateD．disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success（2）What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？A．End one's struggle for liberty．B．Waste one's energy taking risks．C．Miss the opportunity to succeed．D．Lose the interest to continue learning．（3）What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？A．Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped．B．Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead．C．Opportunity favors those with a curious mind．D．Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind．（4）What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？A．A tough man can tolerate suffering．B．A wise man can live without self﹣pity．C．A man should try to satisfy people around him．D．A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life．（5）What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？A．To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life．B．To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work．C．To state the importance of generating motivation for learning．D．To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career．第三部分写作第一节：阅读表达（满分10分）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题．（10分）Haze Mabry，who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years，walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans，wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways．Last Friday，after he arrived at the school，instead of finding garbage to clean up，he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards，blowing noisemakers and singing a full﹣throated happy birthday to him．It was his 80th．As he walked the long hallway，some popped out of line to hug him．They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes．Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection，Mabry thanked them all．"They're like my children，" Mabry said．On a regular day，students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break．He knows most of the kids at the school，but can't name each one．Some of them make him know them．Like Faith，who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria，and Lucy，who just wants a hug．"He won't brag （夸耀）on himself，but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where he is，he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day．Ifa child approaches him，he will pause to give that child his undivided attention．He's themost loved one in this building，"said Lori Gilreatli， a reading teacher．Mabry works circles around all the students，cleaning up messes others don't want to touch．He doesn't expect a lot．Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone birthday，so he was happy the students had prepared the surprise celebration．Over the weekend，he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house．Onecard from a student stood out to him．It read："Mr．Haze，you are my sunshine．"（1）What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper？（no more than 5 words）（2）How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday？（no more than 15 words）（3）What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（1 word）（4）Why is Mabry's presence at the school important？（no more than 10 words）（5）Who is the "sunshine" in your life？Please explain．（no more than 20 words）第二节：书面表达（满分25分）（25分）假设你是晨光中学的李津，英国友好校将派教师来你校参加为期一周的暑期交流活动．活动期间，英方教师Chris将做一个有关西方艺术的讲座．现就讲座内容征求你校学生的意见．请根据以下提示给Chris写一封电子邮件：（1）你喜欢的讲座话题（从音乐、美术、舞蹈中任选其一）；（2）选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容；（3）希望从中有何收获．注意：（1）词数不少于100；（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；（3）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．Dear Chris，I'm Li Jin， a student at Chenguang High School．Thank you for your time．Yours，Li Jin天津市2019年高考英语试卷答案解析第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．例：Stand over there ______you'll be able to see it better.A.or B. and C. but D. while答案是B．1．（1分）﹣I guess you want to go play tennis．﹣________．That's exactly what I was thinking too．（）A．I didn't get it B．It's up to youC．You never know D．You read my mind【分析】﹣﹣我猜你想去打网球．﹣﹣你真是了解我．那正是我刚刚在想的事情．【解答】本题考查交际用语．I didn't get it我不明白；It's up to you由你决定；You never know 你永远不知道；You read my mind你真是了解我．根据句意和各个选项的含义可知答案．故选：D．【点评】本题考查交际用语，交际用语体现英语的实用性和交流功能，是重要的考查形式，平时多积累一些交际用语，做题时要结合上下文做题．2．（1分）I________to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it．（）A．had hoped B．am hoping C．have hoped D．would hope【分析】我本想送彼得一件礼物，祝贺他结婚，但我办不到．【解答】答案：A．考查时态．句意：我本想送彼得一件礼物，祝贺他结婚，但我办不到．根据后一句I couldn't manage it．可见本句是指的过去，在我们办不到之前就想过送彼得一件礼物，所以hope应该是过去的过去，所以应该用过去完成时had done结构．故选：A．【点评】动词时态的考点是近几年高考试题考查的重中之重．各地高考试题对动词时态的考查越来越侧重于语境化、交际化的理解，这加大了试题的难度，没有明确的时间状语，这就要求考生对句子的语境进行正确的判断，从而选出正确的时态．3．（1分）A study shows the students who are engaged in after﹣school activities are happier than________who are not．（）A．ones B．those C．these D．them【分析】一项研究表明，参加课后活动的学生比不参加课后活动的学生更快乐．【解答】答案：B 考查代词．ones替代前面的复数名词，表泛指；those代指时间或距离较远的人或事，或替代前面出现的同类名词，表特指，相当于the+复数名词；these 代指时间或距离较近的，或下面要提到的人或事；them是人称代词they的宾格，通常在句子中作宾语．此处代指前面名词the students ，是替代前面出现的同类名词，表特指，所以用those．故选：B．【点评】本题考查代词．熟知代词的分类及用法，做题时准确把握代词所替代的人或事物，并结合语境作出正确选择．4．（1分）_________to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future．（）A．Learn B．LearnedC．Learning D．Having learned【分析】学会批判性思维是当今儿童未来需要的一项重要技能．【解答】答案：C 考查动名词．通过分析句子结构，所选单词在句子中作主语，AB两项分别为动词原形及过去式过去分词形式，可排除．结合表语中所含的定语从句today's children will need for the future，可知learn这个动作还未发生，C项符合语境．故选：C．【点评】本题考查动名词．熟记动名词形式及用法，并结合语境作出正确选择．5．（1分）________all the problems，several of the players produced excellent performances．（）A．According to B．Instead ofC．In addition to D．In spite of【分析】尽管有这些问题，但有几个运动员的表现还是很出色．【解答】答案：D．考查介词短语．句意：尽管有这些问题，但有几个运动员的表现还是很出色．A 根据；B 代替；C 另外；D 尽管．所以D选项符合句意．故选：D．【点评】英语中的固定短语，既不能添词，也不能少词，是固定的，要求同学们在平时记忆准确，然后根据句意找出记忆中的固定搭配，做出正确的答案．6．（1分）﹣My son got a full scholarship to his dream university!。

2019年高考英语天津卷及答案解析英语试卷第1页（共26页）英语试卷第2页（共26页）绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试·天津市英语本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。

第Ⅰ卷第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节：单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. —I guess you want to go play tennis.— ________. That's exactly what I was thinking too. A. I didn't get it B. It's up to you C. You never knowD. You read my mind2. I ________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manageit.A. had hopedB. am hopingC. have hopedD. would hope3. A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than ________ who are not. A. ones B. those C. theseD. them4. ________ to think critically is an important skill today'schildren will need for the future. A. LearnB. LearnedC. LearningD. Having learned 5. ________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances. A. According to B. Instead of C. In addition toD. In spite of6. —My son got a full scholarship to his dream university! —Wow, ________! What's he going to study? A. good for him B. go for it C. what a coincidenceD. all the best7. We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways. A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment8. Amy, as well as her brothers, _________ a warm welcome when returning to the village lastweek. A. is givenB. are givenC. was givenD. were given9. Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ________ what he wassaying. A. set asideB. take backC. make outD. keep off\10. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ________ to help them succeed academically andpersonally. A. designedB. designingC. to designD. being designed11. Their child is at the stage ___________ she can say individual words but not fullsentences. A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what12. The professor warned the students that on no account ___________ use mobile phones inhis class. A. should theyB. they shouldC. dare theyD. they dare13. Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion ___________ he wants theirsupport. A. sinceB. onceC. unlessD. after14. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ___________ the task in half thetime.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished 15. A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is ___________ established.A. properlyB. widelyC. originallyD. temporarily第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35各题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。

第l卷1至10页，第Ⅱ卷11至12页。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。

答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

祝各位考生考试顺利！第I卷注意事项：1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号2. 本卷共55小题，共95分。

第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节；单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

例：Stand over there _____________ you'll be able to see it better.A. orB. andC. butD. while答案是B。

1.---I guess you want to go play tennis.---__________. That's exactly what I was thinking too.A. I didn't get itB. It's up to youC. You never knowD. You read my mind2. I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.A. had hopedB. am hopingC. have hopedD. would hope3. A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them4.____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.A. LearnB. LearnedC. LearningD. Having learned5.___________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.A. According toB. Instead ofC. In addition toD. In spite of6.---My son got a full scholarship to his dream university!----Wow, ___________! What's he going to study?A. good for himB. go for itC. what a coincidenceD. all the best7. We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment8. Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.A. is givenB. are givenC. was givenD. were given9. Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying.A. set asideB. take backC. make outD. keep off10. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ___________ to help them succeed academically and personally.A. designedB. designingC. to designD. being designed11. Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what12. The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in his class.A. should theyB. they shouldC. dare theyD. they dare13. Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion _________ he wants their support.A. sinceB. onceC. unlessD. after14. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished15. A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is ___________ established.A. properlyB. widelyC. originallyD. temporarily第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2019年天津市高考英语考纲词汇表(官方完整版)◆A◆a (an) art. 一（个、件……）△abandon v.舍弃，放弃ability n. 能力；才干able a. 能够的；有能力的abnormal a. 反常的，异常的aboard prep.& ad. 在(船、飞机、车)上，上船等about ad. 大约；到处；四处prep. 关于；在各处；四处above prep. 在……上面a.上面的ad. 在……之上abroad ad. 到（在）国外absent a. 缺席，不在absolute a. 十足的；绝对的absolutely ad.绝对的；完全的absorb v.吸收；吸引△abstract a./ n. 抽象的（作品）accent n. 口音，音调accept vt. 接受access n.通道；进入accident n. 事故，意外的事accomplish v. 达到(目的)，完成(任务)，实现(计划)account n. 账目；描述accurate a.精确的accuse v.控告accustomed a.通常的ache vi.& n. 痛，疼痛achieve vt. 达到，取得achievement n.成就acknowledge v. 承认；答谢acquire v.获得；学到across prep. 横过，穿过act n. 法令，条例v.（戏）表演，扮演（角色），演出（戏）；行动，做事action n. 行动active a. 积极的，主动的activity n. 活动actor n. 男演员actress n. 女演员actual a. 实际的；现实的AD n. 公元ad (缩) =advertisement n.广告adapt v.适应add vt.添加，增加addition n. 增加；（算数用语）加address n. 地址△adjust v. 调整,调节,适应,习惯△administration n.管理，行政部门△admirable a.值得赞赏的，可钦佩的；极好的admire v. 钦佩；羡慕admission n. 准入，接纳admit vt.承认,准许（入场,入学等）adopt v.收养；过继adult n. 成年人advance v. 推进，促进；前进advanced a. 先进的；高级的advantage n. 优点；好处adventure n. 冒险；奇遇advertise vt. 为……做广告advice n. 忠告，劝告，建议advise vt. 忠告，劝告，建议△advocate v. 拥护，支持，提倡affair n. 事，事情affect vt. 影响afford vt. 负担得起（……的费用）；抽得出（时间）；提供afraid a. 害怕的；担心Africa n. 非洲African a. 非洲的，非洲人的n. 非洲人after ad. 在后；后来prep. 在……之后；在后面conj. 在……以后afternoon n. 下午，午后afterward（s）ad. 后来again ad. 再一次；再，又against prep. 对着，反对age n. 年龄；时代agency n.代理；中介agent n.代理人aggressive a.侵略的；咄咄逼人的ago ad. 以前agree v. 同意；应允agreement n.同意,一致; 协定,协议agricultural a. 农业的agriculture n. 农业，农学ahead ad. 在前，向前aid n. 援助；救护；辅助器具AIDS n. 爱滋病，获得性免疫功能丧失综合症aim n.目的；目标v. 计划，打算；瞄准；针对air n. 空气；大气aircraft n. 飞机(单复数同)airline n. 航空公司；航空系统airport n. 航空站，飞机场alarm n. 警报album n.相簿alcohol n.酒精alike a.&ad. 相同的；类似于alive a. 活着的，存在的all ad. 全部地a. 全（部）；所有的；总；整pron. 全部；全体人员allow vt. 允许，准许almost ad. 几乎，差不多alone a. 单独的，孤独的along ad. 向前；和…一起；一同prep. 沿着；顺着alongside ad.在…旁边，与…同时aloud ad. 大声地already ad. 已经also ad. 也although conj. 虽然，尽管altogether ad. 总共always ad. 总是；一直；永远am v. be的人称形式之一a.m./am，A.M./AM n. 午前，上午amaze v.惊奇，惊叹；震惊amazing a.令人吃惊的ambition n.野心ambulance n. 救护车America n. 美国；美洲among prep. 在……中间；在（三个以上）之间amount n.&v. 数量；总计amuse vt.（使人）快乐，逗乐△amusement n. 娱乐amusing a. 有趣的，逗乐的analyse（Analyze）v. 分析△bravery n. 勇气bread n. 面包break (broke，broken) v. 打破（断，碎）；损坏，撕开breakfast n. 早餐breast n. 胸，胸部breath n. 气息；呼吸breathe vi. 呼吸△breathless a. 气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的brick n. 砖；砖块bride n. 新娘bridge n. 桥brief a. 简洁的briefly ad. 简洁地，简短地bright a. 明亮的；聪明的bring (brought，brought) vt. 拿来，带来，取来broad a. 宽的，宽大的broadcast n. 广播节目vt. (broadcast，broadcast或-ed，-ed）广播brochure n.手册broom n. 扫帚brother n. 兄；弟brown n. 褐色，棕色a. 褐色的，棕色的brush v. & n. 刷子;轻碰;刷budget n.&v. 预算；安排build (built，built) v. 建筑；造building n. 建筑物；房屋；大楼burden n. 负担，负荷burn (-ed，-ed 或burnt，burnt) v. 燃,烧,着火;使烧焦;使晒黑n. 烧伤；晒伤burst v. 突然发生；突然发作bury vt. 埋；葬bus n. 公共汽车bush n. 灌木，灌木丛business n.（本分）工作，职业；职责；生意，交易；事业businessman n.商人(男);男企业家businesswoman n. 商人（女）；女企业家busy a. 忙（碌）的but conj. 但是，可是prep. 除了，除……外butcher n. & vt. 肉店；屠夫屠宰（动物）；残杀（人）butter n. 黄油，奶油butterfly n. 蝴蝶button n. 纽扣；（电铃等的）按钮v. 扣（纽扣）buy(bought，bought)vt. 买by prep. 靠近，在…旁；在…时间；不迟于；被；用；由；乘（车）bye int. 再见◆C◆cabbage n. 卷心菜，洋白菜cafe n. 咖啡馆；餐馆cafeteria n. 自助餐厅cage n. 笼；鸟笼cake n. 蛋糕，糕点；饼calculate v.计算；打算calendar n.日历call n. 喊，叫；电话，通话v. 称呼；呼唤；喊，叫calm a. 镇静的；沉着的v. 镇静；沉着camera n. 照相机,摄影机,摄像机camp n.（夏令）营vi. 野营；宿营campaign n.&v. 战斗；作战can 1 (could) modal v.可能;能够;可以can't = can not不能can 2 n.（美）罐头；罐子a garbage can （美）垃圾桶a can opener开罐器canal n. 运河；水道cancel vt. 取消cancer n. 癌candidate n.候选人candle n. 蜡烛candy n. 糖果cap n.（无檐的或仅在前面有檐的）帽子；（瓶子的）盖；（钢笔等的）笔套capital n.首都,省会；大写；资本△capsule n. [医]胶囊；[航]太空舱；小容器captain n.（海军）上校；船长，舰长；队长car n. 汽车，小卧车carbon n. 碳card n.卡片care n. 照料，保护；小心v. 介意…，在乎；关心careful a. 小心的,仔细的,谨慎的careless a. 粗心的，漫不经心的carpet n. 地毯△carriage n. 四轮马车;（火车）客车厢carrot n. 胡萝卜carry vt. 拿，搬，带，提，抬，背，抱，运等cartoon n. 动画片，卡通；漫画carve vt.刻；雕刻case n. 情况；病例；案件；真相；箱；盒；容器cash n. 现金，现钞v. 兑现cassette n.暗盒castle n. 城堡casual a. 漫不经心的；随便的；临时的；偶然的cat n. 猫catastrophe n. 大灾难，灾祸catch (caught，caught) v.接住；捉住；赶上；染上（疾病）cattle n. 牛（总称），家畜cause n. 原因，起因vt. 促使，引起，使发生cautious a. 小心的，谨慎的cave n. 山洞，岩洞celebrate v. 庆祝△celebration n. 庆祝；庆祝会cell n.［生物］细胞cent n. 美分（100cents = 1 dollar）centimetre (美centimeter) n.公分，厘米central a. 中心的,中央的;主要的centre (美center ) n. 中心，中央century n. 世纪，百年ceremony n.典礼certain a.（未指明真实名称的）某…;确定的,无疑的;一定会…chain n. 链；链条chair n. 椅子；(会议)主席chairman n. 主席，会长；议长chairwoman n. 女主席，女会长；女议长chalk n. 粉笔challenge n.挑战(性) championship n. 锦标赛chance n. 机会，可能性change n. 零钱；找头v. 改变，变化；更换；兑换channel n.频道；通道；水渠chapter n. 章character n.（汉）字，字体；品格characteristic a. 特有的，独特的，n. 特性，特征charge v. 要求收费；索价；将(电池)充电n. 费用；价钱chart n. 图表；航海图chat n. & vi.聊天，闲谈cheap a. 便宜的，贱cheat n. & v. 骗取，哄骗；作弊check n. 检查；批改vt. 校对，核对；检查；批改cheek n. 面颊，脸蛋cheer n. & vi. 欢呼；喝彩cheese n. 奶酪chemical a. 化学的n. 化学品chemist n. 药剂师；化学家chemistry n. 化学cheque (美check) n. 支票chess n. 棋chest n. 箱子；盒子；胸部△chew v. 咀嚼，咬chicken n. 鸡；鸡肉chief a. 主要的；首要的n. 领导，头child (复children) n. 孩子，儿童childhood n. 幼年时代，童年chocolate n. 巧克力choice n. 选择，抉择choke v.（使)窒息,呛；塞满,塞住choose (chose，chosen) vt. 选择chopsticks n. 筷子Christian n. 基督教徒和天主教徒的总称Christmas n. 圣诞节church n. 教堂；教会cigar n. 雪茄烟cigarette n. 纸烟，香烟cinema n. 电影院；电影circle n. vt. 圆圈将……圈起来circumstance n. 环境，形势citizen n. 公民；居民city n. 市，城市，都市civil a. 国内的；平民（非军人）的；民用的civilisation（civilization）n. 文化，文明△clarify v. 澄清，阐明class n.（学校里的）班；年级；课classic a. 传统的；古典的classmate n. 同班同学classroom n. 教室clean vt. 弄干净，擦干净a. 清洁的，干净的clear a. 清晰的；明亮的；清楚的clerk n. 书记员；办事员；职员clever a. 聪明的，伶俐的climate n. 气候climb v. 爬，攀登clinic n. 诊所clock. n. 钟close a. 亲密的；近，靠近ad. 近，靠近cloth n. 布clothes n. 衣服；各种衣物clothing n. (总称) 衣服cloud n. 云；云状物；阴影cloudy a. 多云的，阴天的club n. 俱乐部；纸牌中的梅花coach n. 教练；马车；长途车coal n. 煤；煤块coast n. 海岸；海滨coat n. 外套；涂层；表皮；皮毛coffee n. 咖啡coin n. 硬币coincidence n. 巧合，巧事；(意见、爱好等的)一致coke n. 可口可乐cold a.冷的,寒的n.寒冷;感冒,伤风collar n. 衣领；硬领colleague n. 同事collect vt. 收集，搜集collection n. 收藏品，收集物college n. 学院；专科学校colour (美color) n. 颜色vt. 给……着色，涂色comb n. 梳子v. 梳combine vt. 使联合；使结合come (came，come) vi. 来，来到△comedy n. 喜剧；喜剧性；有趣的事情comfort n. 安慰；慰问comfortable a. 舒服的；安逸的；舒服自在的command n. & v. 命令;指挥;掌握comment n. 评论commercial a.商业的commitment n. 承诺，保证；信奉，献身；承担的义务committee n.委员会common a. 普通的,一般的;共有的communicate v. 交际；传达（感情，信息等）communication n. 交际;交往;通讯communism n. 共产主义communist n. 共产主义者a. 共产党的；共产主义的community n.社区；团体companion n. 同伴；同事company n. 公司compare vt. 比较，对照comparison n.比较；比喻compass n. 罗盘，罗盘仪compete vi. 比赛，竞赛competition n. 比赛，竞赛competitor n. 竞争者；比赛者complain v. 抱怨，投诉，控告complete a. 完成的vt. 完成，结束complex a.复杂的composition n. 作文comprehension n. 理解，理解力computer n. 电子计算机concentrate n.&v.集中concept n.观念concern v.关心concert n. 音乐会；演奏会conclude v. 完成，结束conclusion n. 结论；结束△concrete a. 混凝土制的；实在的，具体的；有形的condition n. 条件，状况conduct vt. 引导，带领conference n.(正式的)会议；讨论confident a.自信的confirm v.确认conflict n.&v.冲突confuse v.使混乱congratulate vt. 祝贺congratulation n. 祝贺，庆贺connect vt. 连接，把…联系起来connection n. 连接物；接触，联系consequence n.结论consequently ad. 所以，因此consider vt. 考虑considerate a. 体贴的consideration n. 考虑，要考虑的事；体贴，关心consist v. 包含，组成，构成constant a. 经常的，不断的constantly ad. 经常地；不断地construct v. 构筑；建造，建设construction n. 建造,建设;建筑物consult v.商量consume v.消耗contain v. 包含；包括；能容纳content a. 甘愿的，满意的n. 内容continent n. 大陆，大洲；陆地continue vi. 继续contrary n. a. 相反相反的contrast n.&v.对比contribute v.捐献△contribution n. 贡献control vt.& n. 控制convenience n. 便利convenient a. 便利的，方便的conversation n. 谈话，交谈convey v.传达convince v.使确信convincing a.有说服力的;有力的cook n. 炊事员，厨师v. 烹调，做饭cool a. 凉的，凉爽的；酷cooperation n.合作copy n. 抄本，副本；一本（份，册……）v. 抄写；复印；（计算机用语）拷（备份盘）corn n. 玉米，谷物corner n. 角；角落；拐角corporation n. 集团，公司correct v. 改正；纠正a. 正确的，对的；恰当的cost (cost，cost) v. 值（多少钱）；花费cottage n. 小屋，村舍cotton n. 棉花a. 棉花的cough n.& vi. 咳嗽count vt. 数，点数counter n. 柜台，结账处country n. 国家；农村，乡下countryside n. 乡下，农村couple n. 夫妇，一对courage n. 勇气；胆略course n. 过程；经过；课程cousin n. 堂（表）兄弟，堂（表）姐妹cover n. 盖子；罩v. 覆盖，遮盖；掩盖cow n. 母牛，奶牛crash n.&v.碰撞crazy a. 疯狂的cream n. 奶油，乳脂create vt. 创造；造成creature n.生物credit n. 信用；信赖；信誉crew n. 全体船员crime n.&v.罪行；控告criminal a.&n.犯罪的；罪犯crop n. 庄稼；收成cross a. 脾气不好的，易怒的n. 十字形的东西vt. 越过；穿过crossroads n. 交叉路口crowd n. 人群vt. 拥挤，群聚cruel a. 残忍的，残酷的；无情的cry n.叫喊；哭声v. 喊叫；哭cucumber n. 黄瓜culture n. 文化cup n. 茶杯cupboard n. 碗柜；橱柜cure n. & vt. 治疗；医好curiosity n. 好奇，好奇心curious a. 好奇的；奇异的curiously ad. 好奇地currency n. 货币；现金curtain n. 窗帘cushion n. 垫子custom n. 习惯，习俗，风俗习惯customer n.(商店等的)顾客，主顾cut (cut，cut) v. & n.切,剪,削; 割伤cycle vi. 骑自行车◆D◆dad = daddy n.（口语）爸爸daily a. 每日的；日常的ad. 每天n. 日报dam n. 水坝，堰堤damage n.& vt. 毁坏，损害△damp a. 湿的，潮湿的dance n.& vi. 跳舞danger n. 危险dangerous a. 危险的dare v.& aux.（后接不带to的不定式；主要用于疑问，否定或条件句）敢，敢于dark n. 黑暗；暗处；日暮a. 黑暗的；暗淡的；深色的darkness n. 黑暗，盲目dash v. & n. 快跑，冲刺，短跑data n. 资料，数据△database n. 资料库，数据库date n. & v. 日期；约会daughtern. 女儿dawn n. 黎明，拂晓day n.（一）天，（一）日；白天dead a. 死的；无生命的deadline n. 最后期限，截止日期deaf a. 聋的deal(dealt,dealt)n. 量,数额；交易dear a. 亲爱的；贵的death n. 死debate n. & v.讨论，辩论debt n. 债务；欠款拉，拖；提取（金钱）dream (dreamt，dreamt 或-ed，-ed) n.& vt. 梦，梦想dress n. 女服，连衣裙；(统指)服装；童装v. 穿衣；穿着drink(drank，drunk) v. 喝，饮drive(drove，driven) v. 驾驶，开（车）；驱赶driver n. 司机，驾驶员drop n. 滴v. 掉下，落下；投递；放弃drown vi. 溺死；淹没drug n. 药，药物；毒品drum n. 鼓dry v. 使……干；弄干；擦干a. 干的；干燥的duck n. 鸭子due a. 预期的；约定的dull a. 阴暗的；单调无味during prep. 在……期间；在…过程中dusk n. 黄昏dust n. & v. 尘土；粉末dusty a. 尘土般的，尘土多的duty n. 责任，义务dynasty n.朝代◆E◆each a.& pron. 每人，每个，每件eager a. 渴望的，热切的ear n. 耳朵；耳状物；听力，听觉early a. 早的ad. 早地earn vt. 挣得，赚得earth n. 地球；土，泥；大地earthquake n. 地震ease v. 减轻；缓解（难度或严重程度）east a. 东方的；东部的；朝东的；从东方来的ad. 在东方；向东方；从东方n. 东，东方；东部eastern a. 东方的；东部的eastward a. & ad. 向东easy a. 容易的，不费力的eat (ate，eaten) v. 吃ecology n. 生态；生态学edge n. 边缘edit v. 编辑，校订；主编，编辑edition n.（发行物的）版，版（本）△editor n. 编辑educate vt. 教育，培养education n. 教育，培养effect n. 效果；作用effort n. 努力，艰难的尝试egg n. 蛋；卵either a. 两方任一方的；二者之一conj. 二者之一；要么……ad. (用于否定句或短语后)也elder n. 长者；前辈electric a. 电的electricity n. 电；电流electronic a. 电子的elephant n. 象else ad. 别的，其他的e-mail n.电子邮件v.发电子邮件embarrass v. 使尴尬，使难堪embassy n. 大使馆emergency n. 紧急情况或状态emotion n.情绪employ vt. 雇佣employee n. 受雇者，雇工，雇员employer n. 雇佣者，雇主empty a. 空的encourage vt. 鼓励end n. 末尾；终点；结束v. 结束，终止△endless a. 无止境的；没完的enemy n. 敌人；敌军energetic a. 精力旺盛的energy n. 精力，能量engage v.雇佣；吸引；占用engine n. 发动机，引擎engineer n. 工程师；技师English a. 英国的，英国人的，英语的n. 英语enjoy vt.欣赏;享受…之乐趣;喜欢△enjoyable a. 愉快的；有趣的enough n.足够;充足 a. 足够的；充分的ad. 足够地;充分地enter vt. 进入enterprise n.企业，事业entertain 招待；款待△entertainment n. 娱乐enthusiastic a.热心的entire a. 整个的，全部的entirely ad. 完全地；彻底地entrance n. 入口；入场；进入的权利;入学许可entry n. 进入envelope n.信封environment n. 环境envy vt.& n. 忌妒；羡慕equal a. 平等的vt. 等于，使等于equip vt. 提供设备；装备；配备equipment n. 装备，设备eraser n. 橡皮擦；黑板擦error n. 错误；差错escape n.& vi. 逃跑；逃脱especially ad. 特别，尤其Europe n. 欧洲European a. 欧洲的，欧洲人的n. 欧洲人evaluate v.评价even ad. 甚至，连（…都）；更evening n. 傍晚，晚上event ad. 事件，大事eventually ad. 最终地ever ad. 曾经；无论何时every a. 每一，每个的everybody pron. 每人，人人everyday a. 每日的；日常的everyone pron. 每人，人人everything pron. 每件事，事事everywhere ad. 到处evidence n.&v.证据；证明△evident a. 清楚的，显而易见的exact a. 精确的；确切的exam=examination n. 检查；考试examine vt. 检查；诊察example n. 例子；榜样excellent a. 极好的，优秀的except prep. 除……之外exchange n. 交换，掉换；交流excite vt. 使兴奋，使激动excuse n. 借口；辩解vt. 原谅；宽恕exercise n. 锻炼,做操；练习,习题伤人感情husband n. 丈夫◆I◆ice n. 冰ice-cream n. 冰淇淋idea n. 主意，意见，打算，想法identity n. 身份，个性idiom n. 习语，成语if conj. 如果，假使；是否ignore n.忽视ill a. 有病的；不健康的illegal a.非法的illness n. 疾病imagine vt. 想像，设想immediately ad. 立即imply v. 暗示import v.& n. 进口，输入importance n. 重要性important a. 重要的impossible a. 不可能的impress vt. 留下极深的印象impression n. 印象，感觉impressive a.感人的improve vt. 改进，更新in prep. 在……里(内)；在…；以…ad. 在家，在内，向内inch n. 英寸incident n. 事件include vt. 包含，包括income n. 收入，所得increase v. & n. 增加，繁殖indeed a. 确实；实在independence n. 独立independent a. 独立的；有主见的indicate v指示，指出；表明individual a. &n. 个人的，个体industry n. 工业，产业infer v.推断；推论influence n.& v. 影响inform vt. 告诉；通知informal a.非正式的information n. 信息injure vt. 损害，伤害injury n. 受伤处ink n. 墨水，油墨innocent a.无罪的insect n. 昆虫inside prep.在…里面ad.在里面insist vi. 坚持；坚决认为inspect vt. 检查；检验；审视inspire vt. 鼓舞；激励instant a. 瞬间；刹那instead ad. 代替，顶替institute n. (研究)所，院，学院institution n. 社会公共机构；制度instruction n. 说明，须知；教导instrument n. 乐器；工具，器械insurance n. 保险intelligence n.智力；理解力intelligent a.聪明的intend vt. 想要，打算interest n. 兴趣，趣味；利息interesting a. 有趣的international a. 国际的Internet n. 互联网，英特网interrupt v. 打扰，打断interview n.& vt. 采访,会见,面试into prep. 到…里；向内；变成introduce vt. 介绍introduction n. 引进，介绍invent vt. 发明，创造investigate v. 调查，调查研究△invitation n. 邀请，请帖invite vt. 邀请，招待involve v. 包含，含有；使卷入，使参于；牵涉iron n. 铁，熨斗vt. 熨烫island n. 岛issue v. & n. 问题；分发，流出；颁布，发行，出版item n.条款◆J◆jacket n. 短上衣，夹克衫jam n. 果酱；阻塞jazz n. 爵士音乐，爵士舞曲jeans n. 牛仔裤△jewel n. 宝石job n.（一份）工作join v. 参加，加入；连接；会合joke n. 笑话journal n.日报journalist n. 记者，新闻工作者journey n. 旅行，路程joy n. 欢乐，高兴，乐趣judgement n. 裁判，判断△judge n. 裁判；审判员；法官vt. 判断，断定juice n. 汁、液jump n. 跳跃；跳变v. 跳跃；惊起；猛扑△jungle n. 丛林，密林junior a. 初级的；年少的just ad. 刚才；恰好；不过；仅a. 公正的justice n. 正义；公正；司法◆K◆keep (kept，kept) v. 保持；保存；继续不断vt. 培育，饲养kettle n. 壶，水壶key n. 钥匙；答案；键；关键kick v.& n. 踢kid n. 小孩kill v. 杀死，弄死kilo n. 千克；千米kilogram(Am. kilogram）n. 千克kilometer(Am. kilometer) n. 千米（公里）kind 1 n. 种；类kind 2 a. 善良的；友好的kindergarten n. 幼儿园kindness n. 仁慈；善良king n. 国王kingdom n. 王国kiss n.& vt. 吻，亲吻kitchen n. 厨房kite n. 风筝knee n. 膝盖knife (复knives) n. 小刀；匕首；刀片knock n.& v. 敲；打；击know(knew，known) v. 知道，了解；认识；懂得knowledge n. 知识，学问◆L◆lab = laboratory n. 实验室labour (美labor) n. 劳动lack n.& vt. 缺乏，缺少lady n. 女士，夫人lake n. 湖lamp n. 灯，油灯；光源land n. 陆地；土地v. 登岸（陆）；降落language n. 语言large a. 大的；巨大的last a. 最近刚过去的；最后的v. 持续late a.晚的,迟的ad. 晚地,迟地latter n.（两者之中的）后者laugh n.& v. 笑，大笑；嘲笑laughter n. 笑；笑声law n. 法律，法令；定律lawyer n. 律师lay (laid，laid) vt. 放，搁lazy a. 懒惰的lead n. 铅v. (led，led) 领导，带领leader n. 领袖，领导人leaf (复leaves) n.（树，菜）叶learn (learnt，learnt；-ed，-ed) vt.学，学习，学会least n. 最少，最少量leather n. 皮革leave (left，left) v. 离开；把…留下，剩下lecture n. 讲课，演讲left a. 左边的ad. 向左n. 左，左边leg n. 腿；腿脚；支柱legal a.法定的；法律的；合法的lend (lent，lent) vt. 借（出），把…借给length n. 长，长度，段，节lesson n. 课；功课；教训let (let，let) vt. 让letter n. 信；字母level n. 水平线，水平library n. 图书馆，图书室lie 1 n.& vi. 谎言; 说谎lie2 (lay，lain) v. 躺；卧；平放；位于life (复lives) n. 生命；生涯；生活；人生；生物lift v. 举起,抬起；(云、烟等)消散n.（英）电梯light n. 光，光亮；灯，灯光vt. 点（火），点燃a. 明亮的；轻的；浅色的like prep. 像，跟…一样vt. 喜欢，喜爱likely a.很可能的limit vt. 限制；减少line n. 绳索，线，排，行，线路v. 画线于，（使）成行link v. 连接；联系lion n. 狮子lip n. 嘴唇liquid n. & a. 液体；液体的list n. 一览表，清单listen vi. 听，仔细听literature n. 文学litre (美liter) n.升;公升(容量单位)little (比较级less，最高级least)a. 小的，少的ad. 很少地，稍许n. 没有多少，一点live vi. 生活；居住；活着a. 活的，活着的；实况，现场（直播）的lively a. 活泼的；充满生气的load n. 担子，货物loaf n. 一个面包local a. 当地的；地方的lock n. 锁vt. 锁，锁上△logical adj. 逻辑学的；合逻辑的，合理的lonely a. 孤独的，寂寞的long a. 长的，远ad. 长久look n. 看,瞧；表情；样子；相貌v. 看,观看;寻找;注意,留神link v. 看来好像;似乎;显得loose a. 松散的；宽松的lorry n.（英）运货汽车，卡车lose (lost，lost) vt. 失去，丢失loss n. 丧失；损耗lot n. 许多，好些loud a. 大声的love n.& vt. 爱；热爱；很喜欢lovely a. 美好的，可爱的low a.& ad. 低；矮luck n. 运气，好运lucky a. 运气好，侥幸luggage n. (总称)行李lunch n. 午餐，午饭lung n. 肺；肺脏◆M◆machine n. 机器mad a. 发疯的；生气的madam/ madame n. 夫人，女士magazine n. 杂志mail n. 邮政，邮递v.（美）邮寄mailbox n. 邮筒；邮箱main a. 主要的mainland n. 大陆major a. 较大的；主要的majority n. 大多数make (made，made)vt. 制造，做；使得male a. 男（性）的；雄的man (复men) n. 成年男人;人,人类manage v. 管理；设法对付manager n. 经理mankind n. 人类；（总称）人manner n. 方式，态度，举止many (more，most) pron. 许多人（或物） a. 许多的map n. 地图march n. 游行，行进mark n. 标记vt. 标明,作记号于market n. 市场，集市marriage n. 结婚，婚姻marry v.（使）成婚，结婚master vt. 精通，掌握mat n. 垫子match vt. 使相配，使成对n. 比赛，竞赛; 火柴material n. 材料，原料math / mathsmathematics n. 数学matter n. 要紧事,要紧,事情；问题vi. 要紧，有重大关系may modal v. 可以；也许，可能maybe ad. 可能，大概，也许13meal n. 一餐（饭）mean (meant，meant) vt. 意思是，意指meaning n. 意思，含意means n. 方法，手段；财产meanwhile ad. 同时measure v. 量meat n.（猪、牛、羊等的）肉medal n. 奖牌media n. （medium的复数）新闻媒体；传媒medical a. 医学的，医疗的medicine n. 药媒体；meet (met，met) vt. & n. 遇见，见到; 会，集会meeting n. 会;集会;会见;汇合点member n. 成员，会员memory n. 回忆，记忆mend v. 修理，修补mental a. 精神的；脑力的mention n. 提及；记载vt. 提到，说起；提名表扬menu n. 菜单merely ad. 仅仅，只不过merry a. 高兴的，愉快的mess n. 凌乱message n. 消息，音信metal n. 金属 a. 金属制成的method n. 方法，办法metre (Am. meter) n. 米，公尺middle n. 中间；当中；中级的midnight n. 午夜might v. aux. (may的过去式，助动词) 可能，也许，或许mild a. 温和的，暖和的，凉爽的mile n. 英里milk n. 牛奶vt. 挤奶mind n. 思想，想法v. 介意，关心mine n. 矿藏，矿山vt. 开采（矿物）pron. 我的〈名词性物主代词〉mineral n. 矿物质，矿物minister n. 部长；牧师minority n. 少数；少数民族minute n. 分钟；一会儿，瞬间mirror n. 镜子miss 1 vt. 失去，错过，缺Miss 2 n. 小姐，女士mistake (mistook，mistaken)n. 错误vt. 弄错misunderstand (-stood，-stood)v. 误会；不理解mix v. 混合，搅拌mixture n. 混合物mobile a. 活动的，可移动的model n. 模型，原形；范例；模范modern a. 现代的modest a. 谦虚的；谦逊的mom = mum n. 妈妈moment n. 片刻，瞬间money n. 钱；货币monitor n.（班级内的）班长；纠察生；监视器monkey n. 猴子month n. 月，月份mood n.心境；情绪；语气；气氛moon n. 月球；月光；月状物moral a. n.道德的寓意，道德启示more（much或many 的比较级）a.另外的；附加的；较多的ad.再；另外；而且；更n. 更多的量；另外的一些morning n. 早晨，上午△mosquito n.蚊子mother n. 母亲△motivation n.（做事的）动机motor n. 发动机，电动机△motto n. 箴言，格言mountain n. 山，山脉△mountainous a. 多山的mouse (pl. mice) n. 鼠，耗子；（计算机）鼠标mouth n. 嘴，口move v. 移动，搬动，搬家movement n. 运动，活动movie n.（口语）电影Mr. = mister n. 先生（用于姓名前）Mrs. = mistress n. 夫人，太太（称呼已婚妇女）Ms. n. 女士(用在婚姻状况不明的女子姓名前)much (more，most) a. 许多的，大量的ad. 非常；更加n. 许多，大量，非常multiple a.多样的；许多的murder vt. 谋杀museum n. 博物馆，博物院music n. 音乐，乐曲musical a. 音乐的，爱好音乐的n. 音乐片must modal v. 必须,应当;必定是◆N◆nail n. 钉，钉子name n. 名字，姓名，名称vt. 命名，名叫narrow a. 狭窄的nation n. 民族，国家national a. 国家的，全国性的，民族的nationality n. 国籍△nationwide a. 全国范围内的，全国性的native a. 本土的，本国的natural a. 自然的nature n. 自然，性质，种类navy n. 海军near a. 近的ad. 附近，邻近prep. 在…附近，靠近nearby a. 附近的nearly ad. 将近，几乎neat a. 整洁的；灵巧的necessary a. 必需的，必要的neck n. 颈，脖子need n. 需要，需求aux.& v. 需要，必须needle n. 针negative a.消极的；否定的neighbour (Am. neighbor) n. 邻居，邻人neighbourhood (Am. neighborhood)n. 四邻；邻近地区neither a.（两者）都不；也不nephew n. 侄子，外甥nervous a. 紧张不安的nest n. 巢；窝net n. 网political a. 政治的pollute vt. 污染pollution n. 污染pool n. 水塘，水池poor a. 贫穷的；可怜的；不好的，差的pop = popular a. (口语)(音乐、艺术等)大众的,通俗的,受欢迎的population n. 人口，人数pork n. 猪肉port n. [C] 港；港口position n. 位置positive a. 确实的;积极的,肯定的possess vt. 占有；拥有possession n. 所有，拥有；财产，所有物possibility n. 可能，可能性possible a. 可能的post 1 n. 邮政，邮件；职位post 2 v. & n. 投寄；邮寄postcard n. 明信片postcode n.（英）邮政编码poster n. (贴在公共场所的大型)招贴；广告(画)pot n. 锅，壶，瓶，罐potato n. 土豆，马铃薯potential a.&n.可能的；可能性pound n. 磅；英镑pour vi. 倾泻，不断流出powder n. 粉，粉末power n. 力，动力，电力powerful a. 效力大的，强有力的，强大的practical a. 实际的，适用的practice n. 练习practise(Am. practise) v. 练习,实践praise n.& vt.赞扬，表扬pray v. 祈祷；祈求precious a. 宝贵的，珍贵的predict v.预报；预言prefer vt. 宁愿（选择），更喜欢△preference n. 选择，趋向，偏爱，优先权prepare vt. 准备,预备；调制,配制present 1 a. 出现的，出席的present 2 n. 礼物，赠品vt. 呈奉，奉送△presentation n. 演示，演出preserve v.保存；保护president n. 总统；主席press vt. 压，按n. 新闻界，出版社pressure n. 压迫，压力，压强pretend vi. 假装，装作pretty a. 漂亮的，俊俏的prevent vt. 防止，预防previous a. 以前的price n. 价格，价钱pride n. 自豪，骄傲primary a. 初等的；初级的principle n. 原则，原理print vt. 印刷prison n. 监狱prisoner n. 囚犯private a. 私人的prize n. 奖赏，奖品probably ad. 很可能，大概problem n. 问题，难题process n.&v.过程；加工produce vt. 生产；制造product n.产品production n. 生产；制造△profession n.专业，职业professional n.&a. 职业运动员；职业的professor n. 教授profit n. 利润，利益programme (美program) n. 节目；项目progress n. 进步，上进vi. 进展；进行project n. 工程promise n.& vi. 答应，允诺promote v.促进；提升pronounce vt. 发音pronunciation n. 发音proper a. 恰当的，合适的protect vt. 保护△protection n. 保护proud a. 自豪的；骄傲的prove vt. 证明provide vt. 提供province n. 省pub n. 酒店，酒吧public a. 公共的，公众的n. 公众publish vt. 出版，发行pull v. 拉，拖n. 拉力，引力punish v. 惩罚，处罚pupil n.（小）学生purchase v.购买pure a. 纯的，不掺杂的purple n.&a. 紫色；紫色的purpose n. 目的，意图purse n. 钱包push n.& v. 推put (put，put) vt. 放，摆puzzle n. 难题，（字、画）谜◆Q◆quality n. 质量，性质quantity n. 量，数quarrel vi. 争吵，吵架quarter n. 四分之一，一刻钟queen n. 皇后，女王question vt. 询问n. 问题△questionnaire n. 调查表，问卷quick a. 快；敏捷的；急剧的ad. 快地；敏捷地；急剧地quiet a. 安静的；寂静的quit v. 离开，停止，放弃quite ad. 完全，十分quiz n. 测验，小型考试◆R◆rabbit n. 兔，家兔race n. 种族，民族；赛跑，竞赛v.（速度）竞赛，比赛△radiation n. 放射，放射物radio n. 无线电，收音机railway n. 铁路；铁道rain n. 雨，雨水vi. 下雨△rainbow n. 虹，彩虹raincoat n. 雨衣rainy a. 下雨的；多雨的raise vt. 使升高；饲养△random a.随意,未经事先考虑的17range n.&v. 范围；幅度；延伸△rank n. 职衔，军衔vt. 排列；把…分等vi. 列队；列为rapid a. 快的，迅速的rare a. 罕见的，稀有的rate n.&v. 比率；估价rather ad. 相当，宁可raw a. 生的，未煮过的，未加工的ray n. 光辉，光线reach v. 到达，够到react v. 反应；影响read (read，read) v. 读；朗读ready a. 准备好的real a. 真实的，确实的realise （Am realize) vt. 认识到，实现reality n. 现实really ad. 真正地；到底；确实reason vi. 评理；劝说n. 理由，原因receive v. 收到，得到recent a. 近来的，最近的recite v. 背诵recognise (Am. recognize) vt. 认出recommend v. 推荐record n. 记录；唱片recover vi. 痊愈；恢复recycle vt. 回收；再循环red n. 红色 a. 红色的reduce vt. 减少，缩减refer vi. 谈到，提到，涉及，有关reflect v.反射reform v.&n. 改革的；改革refund n.&. v. 退款，退还refuse vi. 拒绝，不愿regard v. 把……看作regret n.& vt. 可惜，遗憾；痛惜；regular a. 规则的，经常regulation n. 规则，规章reject v. 拒绝relation n. 关系；亲属relationship n. 关系relative n. 亲属，亲戚relax v.（使）放松，轻松reliable a.可靠的relief n.减轻religion n. 宗教religious a. 宗教的rely v. 信赖remain vt. 余下，留下vi. 保持，仍是remember v. 记得，想起remind vt. 提醒，使记起remove vt. 移动，拿走，脱掉rent n.& v. 租金repair n.& vt. 修理；修补repeat vt. 重说，重做replace vt. 取代reply n. 回答，答复report n.& v. 报道，报告reporter n. 记者represent vt. 代表representative n. 代表a.典型的；有代表性的republic n. 共和国request n. 请求，要求的事物require vt. 需求；要求rescue vt. 营救，援救research n. 研究，调查reserve n. & v. 储备；预定respect vt.& n. 尊敬，尊重respond v.回答；作出反应responsibility n. 责任rest n. 休息；剩余的部分，其余的人（物）vi. 休息，歇息restaurant n. 饭馆，饭店result n. 结果，效果retire v. 退休return v. 归还review vt. 重新调查；回顾；复习n. 复查；复习；评论revision n. 复习，温习△revolution n. 革命；旋转；运行；循环reward n. 奖赏rice n. 稻米；米饭rich a. 富裕的，有钱的rid（rid，rid或ridded，ridded）vt. 使摆脱ride (rode，ridden) v. 骑（马、自行车）；乘车n. 乘车旅行△ridiculous a.可笑的；荒诞的right n. 权利a. 对，正确的ad. 正确地，恰恰，完全地a. 右，右边的ring (rang，rung) v.（钟、铃等）响；打电话n. 电话铃声,环形物ripe a. 成熟的，熟的rise (rose，risen) vi. 上升，上涨risk n.&v. 危险；冒着…的危险river n. 江；河；水道；巨流road n. 路，道路roast v. 烤（肉）rob v. 抢夺，抢劫robot n. 机器人rock n. 岩石，大石头△rocket n. 火箭role n. 角色roll v. 滚动，打滚n. 面包圈,小圆面包；卷状物roof n. 屋顶，顶部room n. 房间，室；空间；地方root n. 根，根源，起源rose n. 玫瑰花rough a. 粗糙的，粗略的round ad. 转过来prep. 环绕一周，围着a. 圆的；球形的row n.（一）排，（一）行v. 划船△royal a. 皇家的，王室的，国王的，女王的rubber n. 橡胶；合成橡胶rubbish n. 垃圾；废物rude a. 无理的，粗鲁的ruin vt.（使）毁坏；（使）毁灭n. (复) 废墟；遗迹rule n. 规则,规定vt. 统治;支配ruler n. 统治者；直尺run (ran，run) vi. 跑，奔跑；（颜色）褪色rush vi. 冲，奔跑◆S◆sad a.（使人）悲伤的sadness n. 悲哀；悲痛；凄惨safe a. 安全的n. 保险柜safety n. 安全，保险sail n. 航行v. 航行，开航sailor n. 水手，海员salad n. 色拉（西餐中的一种凉拌菜）salary n. 薪金，薪水sale n. 卖，出售salt n. 盐same n. 同样的事a同样的，同一的sand n. 沙，沙子sandwich n. 三明治（夹心面包片）satellite n. 卫星satisfaction n. 满意satisfy vt. 满足，使满意sausage n. 香肠，腊肠save vt. 救，挽救，节省say (said，said) vt. 说，讲saying n. 说，俗话，谚语scan v. 扫描scare v.&n.受惊；惊恐scene n.（戏剧、电影等的）一场，场景，布景scenery n. 风景schedule n. & v. 时间表；安排scholar n.学者△scholarship n. 奖学金school n. 学校science n. 科学，自然科学scientific a. 科学的scientist n. 科学家scissors n. 剪刀，剪子scold vt. 责骂score n. & v. 得分，分数scream n. 尖叫screen n. 幕，荧光屏sea n. 海，海洋search n. & v. 搜寻，搜查seaside n. 海滨season n. 季；季节seat n. 座位，座secret n. 秘密，内情secretary n. 秘书；书记section n. 段，部分，部门secure a. 安全的see (saw，seen) vt. 看见，看到；领会seed n. 种子seek （sought，sought）vt. 试图；探寻seem v. 似乎，好像seize vt. 抓住(时机等)seldom ad. 很少，不常select vt. 选择，挑选，选拔selfish a.自私的sell (sold，sold) v. 卖，售send (sent，sent) v. 打发，派遣；送，邮寄senior a. 年长的,资深的,高年级的n. 上级，长辈，高年级生sense n. 感觉，意识sensitive a. 敏感的；神经过敏的；易受伤害的sentence n. 句子separate v. 使分开，使分离a. 单独的，分开的series n.系列serious a. 严肃的,严重的；认真的servant n. 仆人，佣人serve vt. 招待（顾客等），服务service n. 服务set n. 装备,设备vt. 设置（背景）set (set，set) vt. 释放，安置settle vi. 安家，定居settlement n. 新拓居地；（美）部落，村落△settler n. 移居者，开拓者several pron.几个,数个 a. 若干severe a.严厉的sew (sewed，sewn 或sewed)vi. 缝，缝制；缝补；缝纫sex n. 性，性别shade n. 阴凉处，树荫处shadow n. 影子，阴影shake (shook，shaken)v.（使）动摇，震动shall (should) v. aux.（表示将来）将要，会；……好吗shallow a. 浅的，不深的，肤浅的shame n. 遗憾的事；羞愧shape n. 形状，外形v. 使成型，制造，塑造share vt. 分享，共同使用sharp a. 锋利的，尖的shave (shaved，shaved 或shaven)v. 刮（脸，胡子）sheep (复sheep) n.（绵）羊；羊皮sheet n. 成幅的薄片，薄板shelf (复shelves) n. 架子；搁板；格层；礁；陆架shelter n. 掩蔽；隐蔽处shine (shone，shone 或-ed，-ed)v. 发光；照耀；杰出；擦亮ship n. 船,轮船vi. 用船装运shirt n. 男衬衫shock vt. 使震惊shoe n. 鞋shoot n. 嫩枝；苗；芽(shot，shot) vt. 射击,射中,发射shop vi. 买东西n. 商店,车间shopping n. 买东西shore n. 滨，岸short a. 短的；矮的shortcoming n. 缺点，短处shot n. 射击，开枪，开炮，射击声；子弹should v. mod. 应当，应该，会v.aux.会,应该(shall的过去时态)shoulder n. 肩膀；（道路的）路肩shout n.& v. 喊，高声呼喊show n. 展示，展览（会）；演出(showed，shown/showed)v. 给…看，出示，显示shower n. 阵雨；淋浴shrink（shrank，shrank；shrunk，shrunk）v.&n. 收缩shut (shut，shut) v. 关上，封闭；禁闭；shy a. 害羞的sick a. 有病的,患病的；（想）呕吐△sickness n. 疾病side n. 边，旁边，面，侧面△sideways ad. 斜向一边的sigh vi. 叹息；叹气sight n. 情景，风景；视力△sightseeing n. 游览，观光sign n. 符号，标记signal n. 信号，暗号19。