高三一轮语法专题复习---名词和冠词
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高三英语语法知识:名词、代词和冠词知识精讲1. 名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。
名词在句子中可以作主语,宾语,表语,宾语补足语,定语,名数词连用可以做状语。
在使用名词时,要注意区分可数名词和不可数名词,以便于正确使用表示不确定数量的定语。
如:a lot of / plenty of / some 可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
而:many, a few, few several, scores of, large quantities of, dozens of, a couple of 等只能用在可数名词之前,much, a great deal of, a little, little, a great amount of 等只能用在不可数名词之前。
2. 冠词:冠词是一种虚词,放在名词前面,帮助说明名词的意义。
冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。
a (an)是不定冠词,an用在元音发音开始的词语前。
如:an hour, an English book。
the 是定冠词。
1)不定冠词:不定冠词a (an)只能用在单数可数名词前。
关于它的用法,用四个字概括,“每、一、类、某”。
①表示“每日”、“每周”……Please take this medicine three times a day.②表示某一种人或物中的一个。
All of us know that he is a teacher, not a student.③表示某一类人或物。
It is an easy task for an elephant.④表示“某一个”,但仍译为“一个”、“有个”。
One day, a Frenchman went to Berlin on business.2)定冠词的用法:①特指某人或某物,指说话人与听话人都知道的人或物。
Look at the picture. Is there a man in the picture?②复指前面已提到的人或物。
专题一冠词和名词一、冠词一、概念冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。
英语中的冠词有两种,一种是定冠词the,另一种是不定冠词a和an。
二、用法1.不定冠词的用法不定冠词a 和an与数词one 同源,是―一个‖的意思。
a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,而an 则用于以元音音素开头的单词前,均表示泛指。
(1)表示―一个‖,意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。
A Mr Ling is waiting for you.(2)代表一类人或物。
As a middle school student, I must put all my heart into my studies.Tom wants to buy an English-Chinese dictionary for his sister's birthday.(3)词组或短语。
a little / a few / as a rule / in a hurry2.定冠词的用法定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有―那(这)个‖的意思,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
(1)特指双方都明白的人或物。
Children in immersion programs hear only the new language in the classroom.(2)上文提到过的人或事。
The association says about nine percent of college students in the United States study foreign languages.(3)指世上独一物二的事物。
the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth(4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar―美元‖;the fox―狐狸‖。
与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人。
高考英语第一轮语法专题检测第一讲名词和冠词来源:中学学科网Ⅰ.用适当的冠词填空1.Let's go to cinema-that'll take your mind off the problemfor while.解析:go to the cinema与for a while均为习惯搭配,分别指“去看电影”,“一会儿”。
答案:the;a2.The biggest whale is blue whale,which grows to be about 29 meters long -the height of9story building.解析:句意:最大的鲸鱼是蓝鲸,可以长到大约29米长——其高度相当于一座9层楼的高度。
前一空格处是“the+单数可数名词”表类指;后一个空格处是泛指。
答案:the;a3.We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world.解析:句中sky与world都表示泛指,a表示“一”这个数量,相当于“one”。
答案:a;a4.What pity that you couldn't be there to receive prize!解析:该句是感叹句,What a pity that...为固定句型,所以第一空用不定冠词a;而第二空依据语境应该是谈话双方都知道的事物,所以用定冠词the。
答案:a;the5.In order to find better job,he decided to study second foreign language.解析:第一空用不定冠词表泛指,表示“一份更好的工作”;第二空用不定冠词与序数词连用,表示“又一”。
句意:为了找一份更好的工作,他决定再学一门外语。
答案:a;a6.Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise.解析:泛指平衡饮食,应该用不定冠词。
语法复习专题一-—名词一、考点聚焦1。
可数名词单、复数变化形式(1)规则变化.①单数名词词尾直接加—s。
如:boy — boys, pen — pens。
②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。
如:glass — glasses,box — boxes, watch — watches, brush — brushes.特例:stomach - stomaches.③以“辅音字母 + y"结尾的变“y”为“i"再加“-es”.如:baby - babies, lady - ladies, fly — flies.④以“o"结尾的多数加-es。
如:tomato —tomatoes,potato —potatoes, hero - heroes。
但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o 结尾的词只加—s。
如:radio — radios, zoo — zoos, photo - photos,piano - pianos, kilo — kilos, tobacco - tobaccos.⑤以“f”或“fe"结尾的名词复数形式变“f"或“fe”为“v",之后再加-es。
如:wife - wives, life - lives, knife — knives, wolf— wolves, self — selves, leaf - leaves等.特例:handkerchief— handkerchiefs, roof - roofs, chief — chiefs, gulf — gulfs, belief — beliefs, cliff —cliffs。
⑥改变元音字母的.如:man - men, mouse — mice, foot — feet,woman — women, tooth — teeth, goose - geese, ox — oxen.特例:child - children。
一:名词和冠词,考点:1.名词的可数与不可数,2.名词的格3.名词作定语4.定冠词与不定冠词,零冠词.1. 名词的可数与不可数(第7期B4)2.名词的格1)名词格的三种形式名词的格包括主格、宾格和所有格三种形式.原则上说,主格用作主语,宾语用作宾语,但由于名词的主格和宾格形式相同,所以它们被统称为通格,它们在句中可用主语、宾语、表语等.名词的所有格表示所属关系,它有两种构成方式,即-’s 所有格和of 所有格.如:Jack bought a car. 杰克买了辆小汽车.(Jack 为主格,Mary 为宾格)Jim’s room is bigger. 吉姆的房间大些.(Jim’s 为所有格)The gate of the school is beautiful. 学校的大门很美丽.(of the gate 为所有格)2)所有格词尾-’s的加法(1) 在多数情况下,直接在名词加-’s,但若名词已带有复数词尾-s,则只加撇号.如:This is our teacher’s room. 这是我们老师的房间.This is the teachers’reading-room. 这是教师阅览室(2) 如果复数名词不带词尾-s,则要加-’s.如:Today is Children’s Day. 今天是儿童节.It’s next to the People’s Cinema. 它在人民电影院隔壁.(3) 如果是带词尾-s的单数名词,通常仍加–’s 构成所有格.如:Bass’s words had a soothing effect. 贝斯的话有安慰的作用.We don’t believe the boss’s promise. 我们不相信老板的承诺.(4) 如果是带词尾-’s的专有名词,其所有格既可在末尾加-’s,也可在只加撇号.如:This is Mr. Jones’s [Jones’] car. 这是琼斯先生的车.(5) 用and连接的并列连词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列连词后加-’s,表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-’s:Tom’s and Jim’s companies 汤姆和吉姆(各自)的公司Tom and Jim’s company 汤姆和吉姆(共同)的公司【说明】名词的所有格词尾-’s 的读音与名词复数词尾的读音大致相同.对于已带词尾-s而只加撇号构成的所有格,其读音为[iz].3).–s 所有格的用法-s 所有格主要用于表示所有关系,但除此之外,它还可以表示主谓关系、动宾关系、类别关系、来源关系等.如:A teacher’s praise has great effect on his students. 老师的赞扬对学生的影响很大.(表主谓关系)The President’s murder rocked the nation. 总统遇刺震惊了全国.(表动宾关系)It was a women’s magazine that he gave me. 他给我的是一本女性杂志.(表类别关系)4)两种所有格的用法比较(1) -’s 所有格主要用于有生命的东西,而of 所有格则可用于有生命的东西,也可用于无生命的东西.如:I don’t like Mrs Green’s children. =I don’t like the children of Mrs Green. 我不喜欢格林夫人的孩子.He played the role of the old king in the play. 他在剧中扮演老国王.The score of the game is two all. 比赛结果是二比二平.【说明】-s所有格有时也可用于无生命的东西,主要用于表时间、国家、城市、组织机构、车辆船只以及某些集合名词或度量衡等的名词后. 如:Have you seen today’s paper? 你看到今天的报纸了吗?I like the car’s design. 我喜欢这辆车的设计.Which’s the country’s biggest city? 这个国家最大的城市是哪个?The new medicine is the harvest of 20 years’research. 这种新药是20年研究的成果.(2) 表示类别、来源等时,通常要用-’s 所有格;表示同位关系时,通常要用of 所有格.如:“男厕所”、“女厕所”可说成men’s room, women’s room,但通常不说the room of men, the room of women,因为其中的“男”和“女”表示的是类别;而“长沙市”通常说成the city of Shangsha,而不会说成Shangsha’s city,因为“长沙”与“市”是同位关系.5)双重所有格在英语中,将-’s所有格(包括名词性物主代词)与of 所有格结合起来所构成的所有格就叫做双重所有格.如a friend of Li Lei’s.在使用双重所有格时要注意以下几点:(1) 受双重所有格修饰的名词通常不能是专有名词或具有独一无二性质的名词.如不说Jim of Mrs. Smith’s / a father of Mary’s,可改说Mrs. Smith’s Jim / Mary’s father.(2) 受双重所有格修饰的名词通常不能带定冠词,但可带指示代词this, that, these, those,表示某种感情色彩(如赞赏、厌恶等).如不说the masterpiece of Tom’s,但可说this / that masterpiece of Tom’s.(3) 双重所有格中带-’s所有格的名词通常应是确指的.如不说a brother of a friend’s,但可说a friend of my friend’s(4) 双重所有格中带-’s所有格的名词通常应是生命的东西.如不说a window of the room’s,应改为a window of the room(5) 有时两种所有格均可使用,但所表达的意义不同.比较:This is a photo of my mother’s. 这是我母亲收藏的一张照片.This is a photo of my mother. 这是我母亲照的一张照片.He’s a friend of my father’s. 他是我父亲的一个朋友.(意指朋友不只一个)He’s a friend of my father. 他是我父亲的朋友.(强调两人之间的友情)体会:A:Who told you that? 这是谁告诉你的?B:A friend of your father’s. 是你父亲的一个朋友.A:If he says such things, he is not a friend of my father. 如果他说那样的话,那他对我父亲就不够朋友6)所有格的省略有时受所有格修饰的名词可以省略,如省略表示教堂、商店的名词,省略某人家或某人办公室的名词,省略前文刚刚提到过的名词.如:Mother has gone to the butcher’s (shop). 母亲到肉铺去了.1.名词作定语作定语的名词往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等.1)材料a diamond necklacea bamboo polepaper moneya stone bridge⒉)用途a meeting roomthe telephone polesthe railway staiontrade unionwater pipewelcome speecheye drops⒊)时间a day bedthe dinner partythe Apring and Autum Periodevening suitmidday lunch⒋)地点London hotelsBeijing Universitybody temperaturethe spaceship floorthe kitchen window⒌)内容a story bookpiano lessonsthe sports meetoxygen supplythe air pressurethe grammar rules⒍)类别children educationenemy soldiersa bus driver作定语用的名词一般没有与之相应的同根形容词.它既可以是有生命的,也可以是无生命的;既可以是可数的,也可以是不可数的.它能表明被修饰的名词的A.地点、B.时间、C.目的或用途、D.种类、E.原料或来源等等.例如:A.city streets城市街道,a corner shop街道拐角的商店,a kitchen table厨房桌子,a roof garden屋顶公园;B.summer holidays暑假,Sunday papers星期日报纸,November fogs十一月的雾季;C.a tennis court网球场,a tennis club网球俱乐部,a peace conference和平会议,milk bottles牛奶瓶;D.a love story爱情故事,a murder story凶杀案故事,traffic lights交通管理用的红绿灯,a train driver火车司机;E.stone walls石墙,straw hats草帽,rubber boots胶鞋,pineapple juice菠萝汁,plant fat植物脂肪.名词作定语时,一般用单数形式,但在个别情况下也有用复数的.例如:goods train货车,sports meeting运动会,machines hall展览机器的大厅.注意:被修饰的名词变复数时,一般情况下,作定语用的名词不需要变为复数形式,但由man 或woman作定语修饰的名词变成复数时,两部分皆要变为复数形式.例如:man doctor—men doctors 男医生woman singer—women singers 女歌手有的作定语用的名词有与之相应的同根形容词.一般情况下,名词作定语侧重说明被修饰的名词的内容或性质;同根形容词作定语则常常描写被修饰的名词的特征.例如:"bold watch"指手表含有金的性质;而"golden watch"则表示手表是金色的特征,不一定含有金.再举两例:stone house 石头造的房子stony heart 铁石般的心肠peace conference 和平会议peaceful construction 和平建设名词作定语与名词所有格作定语有时是有区别的.一般来说,名词作定语通常说明被修饰的词的性质,而名词所有格作定语则强调对被修饰的词的所有(权)关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系.例如:在“the Party members(党员)”中,名词定语表示members的性质;在“the Party's calls(党的号召)”中,Party具有动作发出者的作用,calls虽然是名词,却具有动作的含义.再举一例:a student teacher 实习教师a student's teacher 一位学生的老师4.定冠词与不定冠词,零冠词.零冠词用法归纳1. 用于复数名词前复数名词泛指某类人或物时,其前通常用零冠词.如:Students should obey the school rules. 学生应该遵守校规. Trees don’t grow in the Antarctic. 南极不长树木. 【说明】复数名词若需特指,则要加定冠词.如:The students are too lazy. 这些学生太懒.2. 用于不可数名词前不可数名词表示泛指时,其前通常用零冠词.如:Bread is made from flour. 面包是用面粉做的. Wood is a poor conductor of sound. 木头是声音的不良导体. 【说明】不可数名词若需特指,则要加定冠词.如:He sawed the wood into three pieces. 他把木头锯成三块.3. 用于专有名词前在通常情况下,专有名词前要用零冠词.如:Mr Smith is our English teaches us English. 史密斯先生教我们英语. 【说明】在特殊情况下,若专有名词需要特指,也可加定冠词.如:The Smith you’re looking for no longer lives here. 你找的那个史密斯不再住这里.4. 用于某些单数可数名词前单数可数名词前在某些特殊情况下用零冠词,如用作呼语时、表示家庭成员时、用于表示“变成”的连系动词turn, go 之后作表语时、用于倒装的让步状语从句中时等.如:Can I tell Father about it? 这事我可以告诉爸爸吗? He was a teacher before he turned writer. 在成为作家前他是教师. Child as he was, he did quite well. 虽然是孩子,但他做得很不错. 【说明】用于某些独立结构中的单数可数名词也通常用零冠词.如:Suddenly a man came in, knife in hand. 突然进来一个人,手里拿着刀. 另外,在kind [sort] of 后接单数可数名词时也通常用零冠词.如:He is too young for that kind of job. 他太年轻,不能干那种工作.5. 用于抽象化的可数名词前有些可数名词抽象化后表示表示的活动,其前通常零冠词.如Jim has gone to bed. 吉姆已上床睡觉了. She goes to church every Sunday. 她每周星期天都去做礼拜. 【说明】这类主要涉及bed, church, class, college, school, university, work, hospital, prison, market, sea, town等.另外,这类名词前用不用冠词有时与英美英语的表达习惯有关.如:“住院”在英国英语中通常说成in hospital,而在美国英语中则通常说成in the hospital;类似的还有go to university (英)上大学/ go to the university (美)上大学;at table (英)在吃饭/ at the table (美)在吃饭.6. 用于职务及头衔前当表示职务及头衔的名词用作表语、补足语及同位语时,其前通常用零冠词.如:Wilson became President of the U. S. A. 威尔逊当了美国总统. He will be made captain of the football team. 他将被选为足球队队长. 【说明】有时也可用定冠词,但以不用为多见7. 用于球类运动前Let’s go and play basketball. 我们去打篮球吧. You can’t pick the ball up in football. 踢足球时不许用手持球. 【说明】若指球类运动,其前用零冠词;若球类运动所用的球,则根据情况可用冠词.如:The basketball cost me 30 yuan. 这个篮球花了我30元.8. 其他用零冠词的场合按英语习惯,在表示学科、语言、三餐、月份、季节、节假日、星期等名词前,通常用零冠词.如:We are all interested in physics. 我们大家都对物理感兴趣. Won’t you stay and take lunch with us? 留在这儿吃午饭好吗? School begins in September. 九月开学. It’s a fortnight to National Day. 离国庆节还有两星期. She has been here since Monday. 从礼拜一起她一直在这里.9. 用于某些固定结构中go to sea 去当水手at home 在家at night 在晚上at least 至少at most 至多at first 首先at last 最后in bed 在床上on foot 步行face to face 面对面定冠词用法归纳1. 表示特指定冠词表示特指,既可特指上文提到过的人或事物,也可特指谈话双方都清楚的人或事物,还可特指受后置定语或定语从句修饰的人或事物.如:Where’s the teacher? 老师在哪儿? There I met a foreigner and the foreigner helped me a great deal. 在那儿我遇到一个老外,这个老外帮了我不少忙. The manager you want to see was here just now. 你要见的那位经理刚刚还在这里.2. 表示类别(1) 概括整个类属:定冠词与单数可数名词连用可以概括整个类属,有时还可以与某些形容词连用表示整个属.如:The computer is a great invention. 计算机是一项伟大的发明. The young should respect the old. 年轻人应该尊敬老年人. The English are famous for liking tea. 英国人以喜欢喝茶出名. 【说明】不定冠词和定冠词均可连用单数可数名词表示类别,但前者通常强调个体,起泛指作用,其用法相当于any;后者既可强调个体(可与不定冠词互换),也可强调整体(不可与不定冠词互换).如:The monkey is a clever animal. = A monkey is a clever animal. 猴是一种聪明的动物.(句中既可用不定冠词也可用定冠词,因为它表示泛指意义) The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎有绝种的危险.(此句用定冠词概括整个类属,不能换成不定冠词)(2) 与某些形容词连用,表示一类人或一类事物.如:the rich 富人the poor 穷人the wealthy 富人the old 老人the aged 老人the young 年轻人the sick 病人the brave 勇敢的人the weak 弱者the strong 强者the dead 死者the blind 盲人the dumb 哑巴the deaf 聋子the wounded 伤员the injured 伤员the impossible 不可能的事the unknown 未知世界3. 表示世上独一无二的事物这里说的世上独一无二的事物主要指the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the universe, the world, the atomosphere(大气层)等东西.如:The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方起,西方落下. 【说明】若这类名词前有形容词修饰,表示具有某种特征,则也可能将定冠词改为不定冠词,如 a full moon(满月),a friendly world(友好的世界)等.4. 连用序数词和最高级序数词和形容词最高级前通常要用定冠词,副词最高级前可用定冠词,也可不用.如:It was the best result they’ve ever had. 这是他们历来取得的最好成绩. He won the first game and I won the second, so we’re even. 他赢了第一局的比赛,我赢了第二局,因此我们打平了. 【说明】当序数词表示名次时,其前的定冠词通常可以省略.如:Who won (the) first prize? 谁获得了一等奖? 另外,当序数词不是表示顺序,而是表示“另一个”时,则在其前用不定冠词.如:I want to read it a second time. 我想再看一次.5. 用于某些专有名词前如用于河流、海洋、山川、海岛、海峡、沙漠等专有名词前,以及用于由普通名词构成(或含有普通名词)的专有名词如国名、地名、团体、机构、党派、报纸、杂志、事件、建筑物等前.如:the Yellow River 黄河the Red Sea 红海the Indian Ocean 印度洋the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡the Sahara (Desert) 撒哈拉大沙漠the United States 美国the Times 泰晤士报the Great Wall长城the Great Cultural Revolution 文化大革命注:表示湖泊的专有名词前通常不加定冠词,但对于中国的湖泊则习惯上要加定冠词,如the Dongting Lake(洞庭湖).6. 用于乐器名词前当乐器名词表示演奏时,其前通常要用定冠词.如:She likes playing the piano. 她喜欢弹钢琴. The girl practices the violin every day. 这女孩每天练习拉小提琴. 注:若乐器名词不是表示演奏,而是表示乐器的实物,则不一定用定冠词.如:These two pianos are very cheap. 这两架钢琴很便宜.7. 用于姓氏的复数之前定冠词有时可用于表示姓氏的复数前,表示全家人或全家中两个或两个以上的人.如:None of us here like the Smiths. 我们这里没有人喜欢史密斯一家人. The Greens were too poor to send their son to school. 格林夫妇太穷,没钱送他们的儿子上学.8. 用于逢整十数词的复数前定冠词有时可用于逢整十的复数数词前,表示世纪中的年代.如:He moved to the south in the fifties. 他于50年代搬到了南方. The war broke out in the 1980s. 战争爆发于20世纪80年代.9. 用在某些习惯用语中at the same time 同时by the way 顺便问一句for the present 暂时go to the cinema 看电影in the end 最后in the dark 在黑暗中,不知道in the least 一点,丝毫in the open 在野外in the past 在过去in the long run从长远来看in the event of 万一in the morning 在上午in the way 挡道,碍事on the whole总体上on the other hand 另一方面on the contrary相反地out of the question不可能的不定冠词用法归纳1. 表示泛指不定冠词表示泛指,既可指同类中的任何一个(与any 同义),也可指同类中的某一个.如:A square has four sides. 正方形有四条边. I met an old man at the gate. 我在门口遇到一位老人.2. 表示数量“一”不定冠词可以表示数量“一”,但其数的概念不如one 强烈.如:Give me an apple. 给我一个苹果.(重点在apple,即不要梨、桔等) Give me one apple. 给我一个苹果.(重点在one,即不要两个或三个)3. 表示“相同的”表示“相同的”,与the same 同义,尤其与介词of 一起使用.如:The children are all of an age. 这些孩子都是同年的. Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚.4. 表示“每一个”与every, each, per 同义,尤其用于表示价格、速度、比率等.如:I visit my grandmother once a month. 我每月看我奶奶一次. He makes $1,000 a month. 他每月挣1,000 元.5. 表示“某一”与a certain 同义.如:In a sense you are right. 在某种意义上你是对的. A Mr. Brown wishes to see you. 一位叫布朗的先生想见你6. 表示“像……似的”与one like 同义.如:He is also a Lei Feng in our class. 他也是我们班的一个雷锋式的人物.7. 用于某些习惯用语中不定冠词用于习语的情形很普遍,如:a lot of 许多a little 有点儿a number of 许多as a result 因此as a rule 通常as a whole 总体上说have a rest 休息have a cold 患感冒have a good time 过得开心in a way 在某种程度上in a hurry 匆忙in a word 总之make a living 谋生。
入舵市安恙阳光实验学校语法专题十一名词和冠词一、名词高考对名词的考查主要是名词的辨析,特别是同义词和近义词的辨析。
高考试题的选项从汉语翻译上看可能是同义词或近义词,但其英语含义不同,而且可能有不同的习惯搭配。
因此要结合英语的真正含义和这个名词的用法考虑答案,不能看其汉语字面意义就随意做出选择。
高考有时也把名词与冠词和主谓一致放在一起考查。
考点一名词的数1.常见的不可数名词有advice,news,progress,money,furniture,fun,weather,luck,homework,housework,information,bread,medicine,clothing,wealth,soap,rice等,这些词在英文里一般都用作不可数名词,在使用中不可乱套汉语而使用复数或加不定冠词。
What fine weather!We have got a lot of information on the Internet.2.有些名词通常只用作复数。
如:glasses眼镜,clothes衣服,goods 货物,trousers裤子,belongings所有物,wages工资,riches财富,surroundings环境,ashes灰尘,compasses圆规,cattle家畜,congratulations祝贺,have words with sb.同某人吵架,in high spirits 以很高热情地,give one's regards to sb.向某人问候,in rags衣衫破烂,It is good manners to do sth.做某事有礼貌。
3.有些名词既可以作可数名词,也可以作不可数名词,但意义不同。
work 当表示“工作”时为不可数名词,但当表示“作品,著作”时则为可数名词。
room“空间”(不可数),“房间”(可数);experience “经验”(不可数),“经历”(可数);paper“纸”(不可数),“论文、文件、试卷”(可数)。
专题一名词和冠词(一)名词知识点一名词的数1.可数名词单数变复数的规则(1)一般在名词词尾直接加s。
friend朋友→friends nation国家→nations interest兴趣→interestschange变化→changesmember成员→memberspainting油画→paintings(2)词尾是s,x,ch,sh时一般加es。
bus公共汽车→buses fox狐狸→foxes coach教练→coaches bush灌木丛→bushes 注意:stomach(胃部)等词的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。
(3)词尾是辅音字母+y时,变y为i再加es。
enemy敌人→enemies hobby业余爱好→hobbies difficulty困难→difficulties 词尾是元音字母+y时,直接加s。
guy家伙→guys key钥匙→keys(4)词尾是f或fe时,多将f或fe变为ves。
shelf架子→shelves knife刀子→knives wolf狼→wolves calf牛犊→calves housewife家庭主妇→housewives(5)词尾是o的名词,有些直接加s,有些加es。
bamboo竹子→bamboos tomato番茄→tomatoes potato土豆→potatoes实录:名词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语以及称呼语,但不能作谓语。
记法:规则变化名词单数变复数,直接加-s占多数;s,x,z,ch,sh来结尾,直接加上-es;词尾是f或fe,加-s之前先变ve;辅母+y在词尾,把y变i再加-es;词尾字母若是o,常用三个已足够,要加-es请记好,hero, tomato, potato。
2.常用特殊名词的复数形式(1)单复数同形的名词sheep绵羊deer鹿aircraft飞行器Chinese中国人Japanese日本人means手段works工厂series系列(2)自身有特殊变化的名词child孩子→childrenman男人→men woman女人→womentooth牙→teet hfoot脚;英尺→feetmouse老鼠→micecriterion标准→criteriaphenomenon现象→phenomenamedium传播媒介→media(3)合成名词的复数变化规则①有中心名词的合成词的复数,是在中心名词后加-s。
高三一轮语法专题复习---名词和冠词一。
单句改错1.Too many work and too little rest often lead to illness.2.There are fantastic highlands, fresh air and snow mountain in Tibet.3.I know a teacher mood may influence his students, especially their attitude towards study.4.On Sunday’s mornings, those coffee bars all offer their service free of charge.5.The hostess cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.6.Although he is not rich, he leads happy life.7.Paper-cutting is a art form in China, which has a history of more than 1 ,500 years.8.The festival is in memory of Qu Yuan, who is famous ancient Chinese poet and right-minded man.9.On the day before Teacher’s Day,everybody around me was talking about what was most suitable gift they would buy for their teachers.10.I get fed up with eating same dish every day.11.All you need to do now is have a good rest and follow the doctor’s advices.12.I love my mother. I think she is a best woman in the world.13.The earth seems to be on the fire and it’s getting hotter and hotter.14.Beijing was once a city of bikes. However, decades of economic grow led to a huge flow of cars in the city.15.When I was a young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years later.16.Table tennis had waited a long time before the sport was given a chance to make its first appear at the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games.17.The burn is a kind of common but very painful injure.18.There is no accurate written record about the origin of this tool,but there are some tales about its invent.19.We’ll certainly miss him and wish him a good luck in the future.20.The flag reached the top of the pole the moment the music came to end.二.单项选择1.Please refer to the________before you switch on the engine.A.introductionsB.explanationsC.instructionsD.expressions2.He told ____ lie to his friends that he was heavily in ____ debt because he wanted to borrow some money from them.A.a ; theB.a; aC./;theD.a ; /3.The doctor in charge of the operation was taken to the police station to give a (n) of the medical accident.A.explanationB.considerationC.knowledgeD.conclusion4.We’ll visit _____ tomorrow.A.Summer PalaceB.the Hyde ParksC.the Summer PalaceD.a Hyde Park5.He is __________ as a lead er but he doesn’t have _________in teaching.A.success; many experienceB.a success; much experienceC.success; an experienceD.success; a lot of experiences三.单句填空1.At first, he didn't take painting seriously; he said he took it up just for__________(please).st ____________(admit) to the theme park are at 5 :00 pm, one hour before closing.3.Quite by accident, she came up with a brilliant and simple ___________(solve) to the challenging problem.4.It is believed that the upper-class Victorians in England invented the table tennis in the 1880s, using whatever they could find as __________(equip).5.It’s about 5 ______________(minute) walk from my home to the school.6.There is __________ unique temple on the island, which can only be reached hy boat.7.The website asks visitors to join the movement to reduce _______________ number of illiterates(文盲)in the world.8.The man is a good person. His ____________(devote) to his wife and family is touching.9.__________(product) is going up because we have introduced new techniques.10.It's my (enjoy)to share my pleasure with you.11.His stories usually have a happy ___________(end).12.It is only natural that we lose faith, trust and ____________(confident) in a person who is tardy(拖沓的).13.Remember not to fully expect such naughty boy changed over a night.14.Studies in China have shown that a person who can write well should have___________ good knowledge of between 3 ,000 and 4,000 characters.15.From small street stands to large chains, ______________ increasing number of people accept the mobile payment, mostly through popular apps Alipay and WeChat.16 (he,child,as) , he is quite considerate and often helps a lot with housework. 17As a film star she was a success, but as a wife she was failure, so their marriage ended in failure.18.Do you think it is__________good manners to hear others’ conversationsin__________curious manner?19.Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write a children’s book for many years,but one thing or another always got in__________ way.20.The Yellow River is__________ second longest river in China.21.I can’t tell you__________way to the Wilsons’ because we don’thave__________Wilson here in the village.22.—You have no idea what _____great fun we had in Disneyland yesterday. —Well, I wish I could have such a fun day.23.______more learned a man is, _______ more modest he usually becomes.24.The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ____ week, often long into night.25.We are said to be living in ______ Information Age, _____ time of new discoveries and great changes.26.The cakes are delicious. He would like to have third onebecause ______ second one is rather too small.27.Jane’s grandmother had wanted to w rite _____children’s book for many years,but one thing or another always got in _____ way.28.Tom is in control ____ the company.That is to say,the company isin ____control of him.29._______village where I was born has grown into town.30.In communication, a smile is usually ______ strong sign of a friendlyand _______ open attitude.一.1.答案:Too many muchwork and too little rest often lead to illness. 解析:many 改为much 因为work 为不可数名词,其前要用much 来修饰。