北京航空航天大学招收博士研究生入学考试参

北京航空航天大学管理科学与工程专业考博备考指导-育明考博一、北京航空航天大学管理科学与工程专业博士招生考试内容（育明课程中心）院系专业招生人数初试内容复试内容经济管理学院管理科学与工程21人①英语②矩阵理论、数理方程、概率统计选一③生产与运作管理、微观经济学与宏观经济学、营销管理、组织行为学选一面试、笔试或两者结合育明考博辅导中心解析：1、加试科目：对于同等学力的考生初试加试政治理论课，复试加试两门报考专业的硕士学位主干课。

2、报录比平均在4:1-5:13、北京航空航天大学考博英语难度一般，一般在六级左右，主要拉开分差的科目还是两门专业课。

二、2016年北航管理科学与工程考博参考书及复习内容（育明教育考博分校课程辅导中心）考博仅仅看几本教材或者专著是远远不够的，专题、出题老师的笔记、论文、讲稿以及最新的学术前沿和理论热点这些才是直接考试的内容。

包括参考书在内的所有这些资料属于我们授课的内容，我们会在课堂上发给大家。

并且由我们聘请的北航管理科学与工程的老师给大家详细的讲解。

我们的授课体系一共有五轮：第一轮是对核心参考书的分析讲解，主要是理清学科的发展史，掌握每一个阶段的主要理论，代表人物，提出背景和评价，最终构建起完整的学科框架；第二轮在第一轮的基础上进行常考专题的讲解，是对一一轮和深化和凝练；第三轮是针对真题的难度深度广度灵活度和缜密度以及出题老师的特点，就出题老师的学科背景，研究重点，上课的笔记讲稿，论文，研究课题成果等进行深度讲解；第四轮是就最新的理论前沿和学科热点结合现实的热点进行拔高应用性讲解；最后一轮是模拟练习，教会考生怎么破题，怎么安排结构，怎么突出创新点等答题技巧。

相信经过这五轮的立体化无死角的复习，一定能考出理想的成绩。

三、2016年考博英语复习资料推荐（育明教育考博分校课程辅导中心）2.1关于考博英语资料虽然说北京航空航天大学自己命题，但是考试的难度和题型是非常中规中矩的，和其他学校没有什么大的区别，其实各个学校的考博英语都没有多大的区别。

北航在职博士招生简章2022北京航空航天大学2022博士研究生招生简章一、招生要求（一）中华人民共和国公民。

（二）拥护中国共产党的领导，具有正确的政治方向，热爱祖国，愿意为社会主义现代化建设服务，遵纪守法，品行端正。

（三）成绩优秀，对学术研究有浓厚兴趣，具有较强创新精神和科研能力。

（四）须满足各招生单位根据学科特点、人才培养目标制定的相关要求。

（五）身体健康状况符合《北京航空航天大学招收学历研究生体检工作标准》要求。

二、招生方式（一）本科直博考生除满足“一、报考基本要求”外，须符合《北航接收推荐免试攻读2022年研究生（含博士）相关要求》。

（二）硕博连读考生除满足“一、报考基本要求”外，报名时须为已完成本单位规定课程学习的北航在学学历硕士研究生（不含应届硕士毕业生），且须获得硕士生导师和硕士所在招生单位同意。

（三）申请考核考生除满足“一、报考基本要求”外，须符合下列条件之一：1.硕士研究生毕业或已获硕士学位的人员。

2.应届硕士毕业生（最迟须在入学报到前毕业或取得硕士学位）。

3.同等学力人员，须同时符合以下3个条件：（1）获得学士学位6年以上（含6年，从获得学士学位之日算起到博士入学之日）；（2）已在报考学科、专业或相近研究领域取得过较为显著的标志性研究成果，包括但不限于在核心期刊上发表学术论文（第一作者），或已获得省、部级以上与报考学科相关的科研成果奖励（排名前三名）；（3）修完报考专业硕士研究生全部学位必修课，并提交进修单位开具的学习证明及成绩单。

4.境外高校中国籍优秀本科毕业生，可报考学科为力学、仪器科学与技术、材料科学与工程、控制科学与工程、计算机科学与技术、航空宇航科学与技术以及软件工程。

考生须同时符合以下3个条件：（1）近两年内（按2022年入学年份计算）已经取得境外世界一流高校、一流学科的本科毕业证书或学士学位证书（应届本科毕业生须在2022年入学前取得本科毕业证书或学士学位证书），并可提供教育部留学服务中心出具的《国（境）外学历学位认证书》。

北航博士的申请条件北航是国内著名的高等院校之一，其博士研究生教育一直以来备受关注。

想要成为北航博士研究生，需要满足一定的申请条件。

本文将从学历、成绩、科研能力、英语水平等方面详细介绍北航博士的申请条件。

一、学历要求北航博士研究生的学历要求是硕士研究生及以上学历，且学位需为工学、理学、管理学、经济学、法学、文学、教育学、艺术学、历史学、哲学等学科领域内的学位。

此外，还需要具备与所报考专业相关的学科背景和知识储备。

二、成绩要求北航博士研究生的成绩要求相对较高。

一般来说，申请人需要具备较高的学术成绩和综合素质。

具体来说，硕士研究生的平均成绩应不低于85分，且应具备较高的科研能力和创新能力。

此外，还需要具备较高的英语水平，能够熟练阅读和撰写英文论文。

三、科研能力要求北航博士研究生的科研能力要求也非常高。

申请人需要具备较强的科研能力和创新能力，能够独立开展科研工作，并在相关领域内取得一定的研究成果。

此外，还需要具备较高的学术素养和研究方法论，能够熟练掌握相关的研究方法和技能。

四、英语水平要求北航博士研究生的英语水平要求也非常高。

申请人需要具备较高的英语水平，能够熟练阅读和撰写英文论文，并能够进行英文口语交流。

一般来说，申请人需要具备较高的英语水平，能够达到雅思6.5分或托福90分以上的要求。

五、其他要求除了以上几点要求外，北航博士研究生还需要具备其他一些要求。

例如，申请人需要具备较高的综合素质和人文素养，能够熟练掌握相关的学科知识和技能，并具备较强的团队合作能力和沟通能力。

此外，还需要具备较高的职业道德和社会责任感，能够积极参与社会公益活动和学术交流活动。

北航博士研究生的申请条件相对较高，需要申请人具备较高的学历、成绩、科研能力、英语水平等方面的要求。

如果想要成为北航博士研究生，需要在以上几个方面都具备较高的素质和能力。

希望本文能够对想要申请北航博士研究生的同学有所帮助。

北航博士生资格考试
北航博士生资格考试是博士研究生在完成课程学习后，达到一定的学术水平和研究能力，需要进行的一次综合性考试。

考试内容涵盖了博士研究生在学术研究、实验技能、文献综述等方面的能力，是对博士研究生学术水平的一次全面检验。

北航博士生资格考试一般安排在博士研究生完成所有课程学习后进行，时间为1-2天。

考试形式包括笔试和面试两部分，其中笔试主要测试博士研究生的学术知识和研究能力，面试则主要考察其综合素质和应变能力。

通过北航博士生资格考试，是博士研究生申请毕业和获得学位的重要条件之一。

因此，对于想要在北航攻读博士学位的学生来说，准备和参加博士生资格考试是必须要面对的挑战。

需要注意的是，不同学科和专业的博士生资格考试的具体要求和难度可能会有所不同。

因此，具体的考试要求和准备方法，还需要考生结合自己的实际情况进行了解和准备。

北京航空航天大学博士招生简章
一、招生专业：
北京航空航天大学招收博士研究生，开设自然科学、工程技术、人文社科等多个学院和专业，如航空航天学院、计算机学院、自动化科学与电气工程学院、能源与动力工程学院、外国语学院、经济管理学院等。

二、学术要求：
1.本科毕业生需获得工科、理科学士学位，文科生需要获得相关专业学士学位。

2.申请人须具备高质量的论文或项目经验。

3.申请人应具备深刻的专业基础、强烈的学习兴趣、敏锐的发现问题和解决问题的能力，以及良好的外语水平。

三、招生程序：
1.提交材料：申请人需登录北京航空航天大学研究生招生网站完成网上报名，并上传具体材料。

2.考试：通常有两种考试，一种是学院的复试，包括学术面试和英语面试。

另一种是国家组织的统考。

3.评审和审核：以综合面试表现、学术水平、研究潜力、人才培养计划等为评审标准，确定最终录取名单。

四、招生政策：
1.提供全额奖学金，包括生活费、住宿费、医疗保险等。

2.为优秀留学生提供研究生宿舍和研究生公寓，设有专门的学习、生活和娱乐设施。

3.提供丰富多彩的校园文化活动，学生可以参加课外锻炼、体育比赛、文艺汇演、志愿者活动等。

五、招生咨询：
如需更多信息和咨询，可以在北京航空航天大学研究生招生网站上查询，也可以直接联系所关注的学院和研究生招生办公室。

同时，学校还开设了多个招生信息交流群，欢迎申请人加入。

北航计算机学院接收2019级申请考核制工程博士工作规定及安排北京航空航天大学计算机学院2019年工程博士研究生招生实行“申请考核制”招考。

一、招生计划全日制工程博士研究生拟招收1名，非全日制工程博士研究生拟招收2名。

非全日制工程博士仅招收定向就业类别考生，重点面向科研院所中从事国家重大工程项目的一线科技工作者。

具体如下：招生博导姓名招生专业代码招生专业名称备注郝爱民085271电子与信息全日制工程博士熊璋085271电子与信息非全日制工程博士刘旭东085271电子与信息非全日制工程博士唐文忠085271电子与信息非全日制工程博士牛建伟085271电子与信息非全日制工程博士百晓085271电子与信息非全日制工程博士二、报考基本条件（一）拥护中国共产党的领导，具有正确的政治方向，热爱祖国，愿意为社会主义现代化建设服务，遵纪守法，品行端正。

（二）身体健康状况符合相关规定。

（三）对工程技术有浓厚兴趣，具有较好的工程技术理论基础、工程实践能力和创新精神。

（四）对于报考非全日制工程博士的考生，须为所在单位承担重大、重点工程项目的主要技术骨干，且已取得较为突出的成绩。

（五）申请人需拥有硕士学位或为应届硕士毕业研究生，坚持党的领导，品行端正。

由于计算机相关学科具有抽象、理论、设计三种形态，理论性和技术性都很强，博士研究生须具有研究潜质，具有从事科研工作的热情，具有创新能力和良好的基础。

申请人需提交申请报告，详述攻读博士学位的目的，展示自身能力并提供附件举证。

提供证明材料包括但不限于“四.1A、B”所述材料。

三、组织形式及职责计算机学院成立由院长任组长、研究生教学副院长任副组长的学院研究生招生工作小组（以下简称学院工作小组），具体负责学院研究生招生工作，研究解决学院研究生招生相关工作的重大问题。

“申请考核制”博士生招生工作由学院工作小组统一组织实施。

过程、结果实行公示制度。

面试专家成员由学院工作小组聘任。

四、选拔程序1、报名申请者需在2019年6月11日10:00至6月13日24:00，通过教育部网报系统（网址）进行网上报名，考试方式选择“申请考核制”。

北京航空航天大学研究生院关于博士研究生培养工作的基本规定（2006年7月修订）根据《中华人民共和国学位条例》和《中华人民共和国学位条例暂行实施办法》以及国务院学位委员会、国家教育部的有关文件精神，结合我校具体情况，制定本规定。

本规定对博士研究生入学后至学位论文答辩过程中的各项培养工作做出基本规定。

各学科根据本规定制订博士研究生培养方案。

本规定适用于学历博士研究生（包括公开招考博士研究生、直接攻博研究生、硕博连读研究生和提前攻博研究生）。

一、培养目标1、坚持党的基本路线，热爱祖国，遵纪守法，品行端正，诚实守信，身心健康，具有良好的科研道德和敬业精神。

2、适应科技进步和社会发展的需要，在本学科上掌握坚实宽广的基础理论和系统深入的专门知识；熟练掌握一门外语；具有独立从事科学研究的能力；具有良好的综合素质。

3、在科学或专门技术上做出创造性的成果。

二、培养方向培养方向设置要依据本学科的特点和本领域科技发展的趋势，科学规范，相对稳定，鼓励在新兴交叉学科设置培养方向，鼓励在国家和社会发展急需的研究领域设置培养方向。

三、培养方式博士研究生培养采取导师负责制，提倡导师指导与集体指导相结合。

提倡跨学科联合培养，组织跨学科的指导小组。

经导师推荐，有关学位评定分委员会和研究生院审核，可以聘请跨学科专家担任联合导师或副导师。

四、学制直接攻博研究生学制为4年；其它类型博士研究生的学制为3年。

博士研究生一般在入学后1年内完成课程学习，在文献综述与开题报告前完成课程学分，应在博士论文答辩前完成全部学分和培养中规定的内容。

鼓励博士研究生从入学开始就进行学位论文研究工作；文献综述与开题报告至申请学位论文答辩的时间间隔不得少于1年。

五、课程设置1、学分要求的课程（及培养环节）结构学分要求的博士研究生学习课程（及培养环节）结构由学位必修课（及培养环节）和学位选修课两部分构成，详见表1。

其中学位必修课及培养环节是指要取得相关学位所必须修读的核心课程和必须通过的培养环节，包括公共必修课（马克思主义理论、第一外国语）、学科必修课和培养环节（文献综述与开题报告、学术活动与学术报告）；学位选修课是指除选定的学位必修课以外的课程。

北京航空航天大学招收攻读博士学位研究生管理办法（校研函字[2010]10号）为加强对博士生招生工作的管理，提高博士生选拔质量，确保招生工作科学、规范、公平和安全，依据教育部《全国招收攻读博士学位研究生工作管理办法》（教学[2009]16号）等相关文件要求，制定本管理办法。

一、培养目标招收攻读博士学位研究生是为了培养德智体全面发展，在本门学科上掌握坚实宽广的基础理论和系统深入的专门知识，具有独立从事科学研究工作的能力，在科学或专门技术上做出创造性成果的高级科学专门人才。

二、选拔方式（一）普通招考：指面向所有符合报考条件的已获得硕士学位人员、应届硕士毕业生及同等学力人员进行招生考试选拔博士生的招生方式。

（二）硕博连读：指从我校已完成规定课程学习且成绩优秀，具有较强创新精神和科研能力的在学硕士生中择优遴选博士生的招生方式。

拟按硕博连读方式选拔的学生需提出申请，并通过学院组织的博士生入学考试或考核，被录取后才能进入博士阶段的学习。

（三）直接攻博：指选拔优秀的应届本科毕业生直接取得博士生入学资格的招生方式。

招生对象必须是具有推荐免试资格的优秀应届本科毕业生，招生人数不超过博士生招生规模的20%。

须按科学、严格、规范的原则招收直接攻博研究生，可招收外校报考的直博生。

三、报考的基本条件（一）以普通招考方式报考博士生的基本条件1.拥护中国共产党的领导，具有正确的政治方向，热爱祖国，愿意为社会主义现代化建设服务，遵纪守法，品行端正。

2.已获硕士学位的人员；应届硕士毕业生（最迟须在入学前取得硕士学位）；获得学士学位6年以上（含6年，从获得学士学位之日算起到博士生入学之日）并达到与硕士毕业生同等学力的人员。

3.身体和心理健康状况符合相关规定。

4.报考国家计划内博士生考生的年龄应不超过45周岁；报考委托培养或自筹经费博士生考生的年龄不限。

5.有两名所报考学科专业领域内的教授（或相当专业技术职称的专家）的书面推荐意见。

6.以同等学力身份报考的人员,还须同时满足以下3个条件：a.获得学士学位后，在报考学科专业或相近领域已工作6年以上；b.须已在报考学科、专业或相近研究领域的全国核心期刊上发表两篇以上学术论文（第一作者），或已获得省、部级以上与报考学科相关的科研成果奖励（排名前三名）；c.还须修完报考专业硕士研究生全部学位必修课，并提交进修单位开具的学习证明及成绩单。

北大考博辅导：北京大学力学（航空航天工程）考博难度解析及经验分享一、专业介绍力学（航空航天工程）是一个专门化学科，培养具有扎实的数学、物理、力学、计算机等基础理论，掌握航空航天领域的多学科知识，具有良好的综合能力和创新意识的高级人才。

该专业的学生应掌握数学、物理、动力学与控制、空气动力学、材料与结构、工程热力学、控制系统原理、飞行器总体设计、航空电子系统、飞行器制造工艺及设计、实验等方面的基础理论和专业知识，具有飞行器总体、结构与系统设计分析的能力。

北京大学工学院力学（航空航天工程）专业在博士招生方面，不区分研究方向此专业实行申请考核制。

二、考试内容北京大学力学（航空航天工程）专业博士研究生招生为资格审查加综合考核形式，由笔试+专业面试构成。

其中，综合考核内容为:1、我院根据申请人的申请材料，进行审核。

根据审核结果，择优确定进入考核的候选人；3月份确定复试名单。

2、根据各专业的具体要求采取综合面试的方式进行差额复试，对学生的学科背景、专业知识水平、科研能力及学术潜力、逻辑思维与表达能力、外语口语水平等方面进行考察；3、复试时间一般安排在3-4月份。

申请人须向复试小组作报告，内容包括个人科研经历和成果介绍、对拟从事研究的领域的了解和看法、本人拟进行的研究工作设想及理由等，时间不少于30分钟；4、面试不合格者均不予录取。

对于合格考生，从中择优确定拟录取名单，报经研究生院批准后公示十个工作日。

四、申请材料1、北京大学2019年攻读博士学位研究生报考登记表：请在规定的报名时间内登陆北京大学研究生招生网（网址：https:///applications/）进行网上报名，上传相关材料，并打印“北京大学2019年攻读博士学位研究生报考登记表”。

2、个人陈述（含你对报考学科专业的认识、拟定研究计划，3000字左右），其格式可在网上下载，网址：https:///zsxx/bszs/bssqkh/index.htm；3、两封所报考学科专业领域内的专家推荐信，其格式可在网上下载，（网址https:///zsxx/bszs/bssqkh/index.htm）；4、毕业院校的正式成绩单原件（包括本科阶段和硕士阶段的成绩单）；5、最高学历、学位证书复印件（应届硕士毕业生报名时须提交所在培养单位研究生院或研究生部的证明信，录取后须补交学历和学位证书，审核通过后方可报到注册；只有学位证书而无毕业证书者，报名时须提交硕士或博士学位证书复印件；持国（境）外学位证书者，报名时须提交由教育部留学服务中心出具的认证报告）。

北京航空航天大学-3083-管理信息系统博士入学考试大纲
（2018版）
北京航空航天大学经济管理学院
3083 管理信息系统博士入学考试大纲（2018版）
一、考试组成
本课程考试由两部分组成：管理信息系统理论与实践(80分)、专业英语（20分），总分100分。

“管理信息系统理论与实践”的考试题型（可能包括但不一定在一次考试中全部出现）：名词解释、问答题、数据库设计题、信息系统研究方法、信息系统分析与设计的综合题、案例分析。

“专业英语”的考试题型：英译汉、汉译英。

二、“管理信息系统理论与实践”的考试大纲
（一）信息系统与当代全球商业
1. 信息系统在企业的作用
2. 信息系统的概念与维度
3. 信息系统的当代方法
（二）全球化电子商务：企业中的信息系统
1. 业务流程与信息系统
2. 信息系统的分类
3. 跨企业的信息系统
4. 信息系统在企业的作用
（三）信息系统、组织与战略
1. 组织与信息系统的关系
2. 信息系统如何影响组织和企业
3. 使用信息系统使企业获得竞争优势
4. 使用信息系统获得竞争优势面临的管理问题
（四）信息系统中的伦理和社会议题
1. 理解与信息系统相关的伦理和社会问题
2. 信息社会的伦理
3. 信息系统的道德维度。

我国航空研究院是一所具有悠久历史和丰富经验的研究机构，自成立以来一直致力于培养高素质的航空科技人才。

为了更好地满足航空科技领域的人才需求，我国航空研究院决定自2024年起招收博士研究生。

以下是我国航空研究院2024年博士研究生招生简章：一、招生专业我国航空研究院2024年博士研究生招生专业包括但不限于航空航天工程、航空电子与电气系统、飞行器设计与工程、航空航天材料与工艺、航空航天制造、航空航天推进、航空航天控制科学与工程、飞行器环境与生命保障工程等。

具体专业招生情况详见招生全球信息站公布。

二、招生计划我国航空研究院2024年博士研究生共招收研究生100名。

三、招生条件1. 具有硕士学位或同等学历；2. 具有较扎实的专业基础和理论功底；3. 具有良好的科研能力和创新意识；4. 遵纪守法，品行端正，身体健康。

四、招生程序1. 申请资格审查。

申请人根据入学条件，通过学院的初审后，进入考试程序；2. 考试。

考试内容包括综合素质测试、专业知识测试、外语水平测试等；3. 录取。

按照考察和考核结果，择优录取并公布录取名单。

五、申请材料1. 个人简历；2. 学士、硕士学位证书复印件及原件；3. 学士、硕士学位学业成绩单复印件及原件；4. 教育部学信网学历查询报告；5. 其他相关证明材料。

六、奖助政策我国航空研究院为优秀的博士研究生提供奖学金和助学金支持，具体标准和政策详见学院全球信息站公布。

七、通联方式位置区域：北京市海淀区学院路37号邮编：xxx通联方式：010-XXXXXXXX电流新箱：xxx以上内容仅为我国航空研究院2024年博士研究生招生简章的一部分，具体详细信息请以学院公布的招生简章为准。

希望广大符合条件且热爱航空航天事业的学子积极报名，共同开创航空领域的美好未来。

我国航空研究院作为航空科技领域的重要研究机构，一直致力于培养卓越的科技人才，为航空航天事业的发展贡献着自己的力量。

随着我国航空航天事业的蓬勃发展，对高素质的科研人才需求日益增长。

北航2012博士研究生入学考试试题北京航空航天大学2012年博士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：1001英语(共14页)考生注意：所有答题务必书写在考场提供的答题纸上，写在本试题单上的答题一律无效（本题单不参与阅卷）。

Part I Listening Comprehension(20points)Section A(10%)Directions:In this section,you will hear10short conversations.At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A,B,C and D and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. A.He probably calls his brothers frequently.B.He should call his brothers more often.C.He does a lot of traveling.D.He’s saving money to visit his brothers.2. A.The battery is not correctly positioned.B.She doesn’t know how the calculator works.C.The calculator needs a new battery.D.The man should enter the numbers in a different order.3. A.They can get a guidebook in Montreal.B.It might not be necessary to buy a guidebook.C.He doesn't mind the cost of a guidebook.D.It’s no use trying to study on a trip,4. A.Being hungry.B.Having a big lunch.C.The weather.D.Cooking.5. A.Tom’s apartment probably costs more than the man’s.B.The man’s place is becoming more expensive.C.Her apartment is better than the man’s.D.She wants to see Tom’s new apartment.6A.Drop out of the play.B.Switch parts with another actor.C.Be patient about learning his part.D.Have his lines memorized by tomorrow.7. A.She agrees with the man.B.The man missed the last study mission.C.She didn't understand the last chemistry class.D.The man should be more serious about his studies.8. A.He can’t meet the woman at the engineering building.B.He can’t give the woman a ride.C.He has already passed the engineering building.D.He’ll meet the woman after his appointment.9. A.He'll give the quiz at a later time.B.The quiz will be very short.C.The quiz won't be ready until Thursday.D.He’ll score the quiz quickly.10.A.Take the medicine as she was directed to do.B.Schedule another appointment with her doctor.C.Stop taking the medicine.D.Rest her back for a few days.Section B(10%)Directions:In this section you will hear2passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passageand the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear one question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage111.A.Luxury tax.B.Property tax.C.Income tax.D.Sales tax.12.A.The tax percentage increases as a family's income increases.B.The tax percentage inc reases as a family’s salaries increase.C.The tax percentage decreases as a family's expenses increase.D.The tax percentage increases as a family's property increases.13.A.How long the family owns the property.B.The property's value.C.The owner’s incom e.D.The property’s value and the owner's income.14.A.Public schools.B.Public safety.C.Roads,parks and benefits for the poor.D.All of the above.15.A.To the state government.B.To the federal government.C.To the local government.D.To the community.Passage216.A.The government gives direct subsidy to every faith.B.There is no law by Congress respecting the establishment of religion.C.There is a law by Congress to prohibit the free exercise of religion.D.There is no freedom for Americans to choose their religious faith.17.A.One of the biggest increases in church membership.B.The event of prohibiting the free exercise of religion.C.A big decrease in church membership.D.The emergence of classes in religious study.18.A.9%. B.60%.C.45%.D.52%.19.A.The federal government.B.Public educational institutions.C.Various religious groups.D.The local government.20.A.Their member’s voluntary donations.B.The State Government.C.The private schools.D.Religious groups.Part II Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:There are four passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them,there are4choices marked A,B,C and D.Read the passages carefully and decide on the best choice.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage1The long-term fortunes of the modern economy depend in part on the strength and sustainability of the family, both in relation to fertility trends and to marriage trends.This basic,but often overlooked,principle is now at work in the current global economic crisis.The decline of marriage and fertility is one factor in the global economic crisis.That is,one reason that some of the world’s leading economies—from Japan to Italy to Spain to the euro zone as a whole—are facing fiscal challenges is that their fertility rates have been below replacement levels(2.1children per woman)for decades. Persistent sub-replacement fertility eventually translates into fewer workers relative to retirees,which puts tremendous strains on public coffers and the economy as a whole.Indeed,one recent study finds that almost half of the recent run-up in public debt in the West can be attributed to rapid aging over the last two decades.Even China may see its sky-high growth“come down to earth in the next few decades as its work force shrinks”because of its one-child policy,as Carlos Cavalle and I argued in a recent report.The Sustainable Demographic Dividend.By contrast,a recent Rand study suggests that“In dia will have more favorable demographics than China”over the next few decades,insofar as its work force is poised to grow.In fact,the Rand study suggests that India may be able to use this demographic advantage to outpace China's economic growth rates by the end of the century.Finally,it’s not just fertility that matters;it’s also marriage.At least in the West,children are more likely to acquire the human and social capital they need to thrive in the modern economy when they are raised in an intact, married family,In the U.S.,for instance,children are more likely to graduate from highschool,complete college and be gainfully employed as young adults if they were raised in an intact,married family.And around the globe,men are more likely to give their work their fullest effort and attention when they are married;this is one reason men worldwide enjoy“marriage premiums”in their income,ranging from about14 percent(Mexico)to19percent(UnitedStates)to35percent(Russia).So,at least when it comes to men,research suggests that marriage has important implications for worker productivity.The bottom-line message is that what happens in the home does not stay at home;rather,the size of families,and their stability and quality,has important implications for the health of the global economy.Questions21to25are based on the passage.21.The main idea of this passage is that_________.A.women should bear more children in order to boost the economy.B.both marriage and fertility affect a country’s economy.C.marriage has important implications for worker productivity.D.India will outpace China’s economic growth rate by the end of the century.22.One reason that the world’s leading economies are facing fiscal challenges is that______.A.there is a global economic crisis in recent years.B.there are fewer babies,and consequently,people spend less on many commodities.C.people in these countries have fewer children than needed to replace the population for many years.D.there are tremendous strains on public coffers and the economy as a whole.23.“...its work force is poised to grow”(para.3)probably means____________.A.its work force pauses to grow.B.its work force continues to grow fast.C.its work force continues to grow steadily.D.its work force grows slowly.24.From the passage we know that_________.A.children from an intact,married family are more likely to have a better life.B.the more people a country has,the stronger economy it will have.C.the health of the global economy depends entirely on individual families.D.men are likely to work harder when they are going to have children.25.According to the passage,all the following can affect economy EXCEPT_____________.A.the size of families.B.the stability of families.C.the quality of families.D.men and women ratio within the families.Passage2We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them.But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down,and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us,that is,scientific discoveries andideological revolutions.Our nature is not considered as immutable,either socially or biologically.As we approach the beginning of the21st century,the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles,responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex,and yet,scarcely twenty years ago,these were thought to be“beyond dispute”.We can safely say,with a few minor exceptions,that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the19th century to the1960s.The role distinction,raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model,lasted throughout this period,appealing for its justification to nature,religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time.The woman bore children and took care of the home.The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family,by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary.The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes.Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things.It was felt to be against nature,a deviation from the norm.Sex roles were determined according to the“place”appropriate to each.Women’s place was,first and foremost, in the home.The outside world,i.e.workshops,factories and business firms,belonged to men.This sex-based division of the world(private and public)gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes,which conferred on each its special identity.The woman,sequestered at home,“cared,nurtured and conserved”.T o do this,she had no need to bedaring,ambitious,tough or competitive.The man,on the other hand,competing with his fellow men,was caught up every day in the struggle for survival,and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man.Today,many women go out to work,and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably.Besides the traditional financial incentives,we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances,and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all,for all women,work is invariably connected with the desire for independence.Questions26to30are based on the passage.26.It is only in recent years that we have recognized that______.A.there is almost no clue to the identity of both sexes.B.the role distinction between different sexes is conspicuous.C.the different definitions of sexes bears on the development of culture.D.the progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of sexes.27.From paragraph1we can infer that it is now possible for women to embark on a career because______.A.the change in sex roles is out of the question.B.women’s lib has been going on for many years.C.ideas about the roles of women have been changing.D.the expansion of sciences scarcely remolds the women’s roles.28.The author believes that sex discrimination in the West before the1960s was______.A.preferable.B.prevalent.C.presumable.D.precedent.29.According to the fourth paragraph,the author seems to think that______.A.female passivity is natural.B.men and women are physically identical.C.men are born competitive and aggressive.D.some different sex identity is acquired.30.According to the author,which of the following is the most important reason for women to go to work?A.Wish to claim their rights and freedom.B.Ambition and self-fulfillment.C.Financial incentives.D.Desire for a social life.Passage3BBC’s Casualty programme on Saturday evening gave viewers a vote as to which of two patients should benefit from a donation.But it failed to tell us that we would not need to make so many life-and-death decisions if we got to grip with the chronic organ shortage.Being pussyfooting around in its approach to dead bodies,the Government is giving a kicking to some of the most vulnerable in our society.One depressing consequence of this is that a significant number of those on the waiting list take off to foreign countries to purchase an organ from a living third-world donor,something that is forbidden in the United Kingdom.The poor have no option but to wait in vain.The Human Tissue Authority’s position on the retention of body parts for medical research after a post-mortem examination is equally flawed.The new consent forms could have been draftedby some evil person seeking to stop the precious flow of human tissue into the pathological laboratory.The forms are so lengthy that doctors rarely have time to complete them and,even if they try,the wording is so graphic that relatives tend to leg it before signing.In consequence,the number of post mortems has fallen quickly.The wider worry is that the moral shortsightedness evident in the Human Tissue Act seems to infect every facet of the contemporary debate on medical ethics.Take the timid approach to embryonic stem cell research.The United States,for example,refuses government funding to scientists who wish to carry out potentially ground-breaking research on the surplus embryos created by IVF treatment.Senators profess to be worried that embryonic research fails to respect the dignity of“potential persons”.Rarely can such a vacuous concept have found its way into a debate claiming to provide enlightenm ent.When is this “potential”supposed to kick in?In case you were wondering,these supposedly precious embryos are at the same stage of development as those that are routinely terminated by the Pill without anyone crying.Thankfully,the British Government has refused the position of the United States and operates one of the most liberal regimes in Europe,in which licences have been awarded to researchers to create embryos for medical research.It is possible that,in years to come,scientists will be able to grow organs in the lab and find cures for a range of debilitating diseases.The fundamental problem with our approach to ethics is our inability to separate emotion from policy.The only factor that should enter our moral and legal deliberations is that of welfare,a concept that is meaningless when applied to entities that lackself-consciousness.Never forget that the research that we are so reluctant to conduct upon embryos and dead bodies is routinely carried out on living,pain-sensitive animals.Questions31to35are based on the passage.31.What has caused the chronic organ shortage?A.a decrease in donation ratesB.inefficient governmental policyC.illegal trade in human organsD.news media's indifference32.The expression“pussyfooting around”(Line3,Paragraph1)might mean______________.A.unfairB.hesitantC.secretD.strict33.The moral shortsightedness is revealed in the fact that___________.A.the government has stopped the experiment on human tissueB.the donation consent forms are difficult to understandC.the Human Tissues Act is an obstacle to important medical researchD.embryonic research shows disregard for human life34.To which of the following is the author most likely to agree?A.The rich and the poor are equal in the face of death.B.More scientists are needed for the medical advancement.C.There is a double standard in medical ethics.D.The dead deserve the same attention as the living.35.The author is most critical of______.A.the mediaB.doctorsC.U.S.LegislatorsD.the British governmentPassage4When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace,scientists immediately get to work,trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it.Oftentimes,success is achieved,as medical science is able to isolate the parasite,germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it.In the most serious of cases,in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk,it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination,so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread.The process of vaccination allows the patient's body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that,if it is encountered,one can ward it off naturally.To accomplish this,a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment,so that his body's immune system can leam to fight the invader /doc/75b0b238a98271fe900ef90f.html rmation on how to penetrate the disease's defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patient's immune system in a process that occurs naturally,in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell.This makes sure that,should the patient later come into contact with the real problem,his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it,having already done so before.There are dangers inherent in the process,however.On occasion,even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle,resulting inthe immune system succumbing,and, therefore,the patient's death.Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine,designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers.Approximately1in10,000people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it.Thus,if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3000Americans would be left dead.Fortunately,the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early1970s,ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America.In the event of a reintroduction of the disease,however,mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination.The process,which is truly a mixed blessing,may indeed hide some hidden curses.Questions36to40are based on the passage.36.The best title for the text may be____________.A."Vaccinations:A Blessing or A Curse"B."Principles of Vaccinations"C."Vaccines:Methods and Implications"D."A Miracle Cure under Attack"37.What does the example of the Smallpox Vaccine illustrate?A.The passible negative outcome of administering vaccines.B.The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic disease.C.The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain disease.D.The method by which vaccines are employed against the disease.38.The phrase"ward it off naturally"(Paragraph2)mostprobably means______________.A.dispose of it naturally.B.fight it off with case.C.see to it reluctantly.D.split it up properly.39.Which of the following is true according to the text?A.Saving the majority would necessarily justify the death of the minority.B.The immune system can be trained to fight weaker versions of a disease.C.Mandatory vaccinations are indispensable to the survival of the populace.D.The process of vaccination remains a mystery to be further resolved.40.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is____________.A.to comment and criticizeB.to demonstrate and argueC.to interest and entertainD.to explain and informPart III Vocabulary(10points)Directions:In this part,there are20uncompleted sentences with four choices below each sentence.Choose the best one from the4choices to fill the blanks.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET witha single line through the center.41.This restaurant is frequently______by tourists because of its famous cooking.A.patronizedB.servicedC.attendedD.utilized42.The miser will not donate any money to charity because he is______________.A.greedyB.thriftyC.stingyD.careful43.Childhood memoirs often gain their poignancy through a sense of displacement:each lesson is accompaniedby a loss of______.A.perspectiveB.innocenceC.permissionD.veracity44.The rain________our spirits because we were planning to go for a picnic.A.decreasedB.dampenedC.moistenedD.hampered45.Their view that women are the natural______of morality is not my view.A.guardiansB.guardsC.guidesD.soldiers46.Scientists have acknowledged that to interpret an animal’s thought processes in a sound manner requires a heavy dose of______from our own mental patterns,which weaccess introspectively.A.estimationB.calculationC.skepticismD.inference47.The colonialists managed to wipe out the entire____________population.A.aboriginalB.original/doc/75b0b238a98271fe900ef90f.html rgeD.regional48.As has always been the case when tragedy has struck our community,the people of our town feel theobligation,and rightly so,to____in support of the victim and his family.A.entrenchB.rallyC.disseminateD.apologize49.Mr.Smith became very_________when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant50.It can not be denied that the existing resources on earth will be depleted,but scientists are______to concedethe inevitability of that day,realizing that new energies can be found in the near future.A.boundB.unpreparedC.hesitantD.likely51.Perfect certainty belongs only to the gods;the rest of us have to make do with science and its______.A.imperfectionsB.conclusionsC.methodologiesD.hyperbole52.This was a five-digit national coding system to____________each postal delivery section.A,testify B.count C.clarify D.identify53.His physical and emotional___________to Oxford and to Mississippi,to the land and to the people thatshaped him,was at the core of his being.A.personalityB.characterC.fidelityD.morality54.Most people choose a lawyer on the basis of such_____________consideration as his cost,his field ofexpertise,and the fees he charges.A.humanisticB.irrelevantC.personalD.pragmatic55.Though sometimes__________,all too often technology is seen as a panacea for the great economic,social,and political challenges facing the nation as it embarks on the path of modernization.B.effectiveC.ignoredD.calamitous56.Among all the changes resulting from the___________entry of women into the work force,thetransformation that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least important.A.massiveB.quantitativeC.surplusD.formidable57.There is much I enjoy about the changing seasons,but my favorite time is the_________from fall to winter.A.transmissionB.transformationC.transitionD.transfer58.The development of these gene technologies may be far in the future,but the moral and social issues raised by them should be discussed______,for once a technology has been invented,it may be difficult to stop or control.A.presentlyB.summarilyC.seriouslyD.hesitantly59.The local government has__________the landowners to fish these waters.A.transformedB.transferredD.allocated60.The plan for the new office tower went ahead____________of local opposition.A.on accountB.in the light ofC.outD.regardlessPart IV Cloze(10points)Directions:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should choose the ONE that best fits in to the passage and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Many years ago people thought the earth was flat.They believed that the sky__61__a big upside-down bowl and that the sun,moon,and stars were lamps hanging from the top of the /doc/75b0b238a98271fe900ef90f.htmlter,people__62__better.They found out that the earth__63__round.We call the study of the skies and the planets astronomy,__64__we call the watchers of the skies astronomer. Early astronomers thought the earth was the center of__65__.They thought the heavens spun__66__the earth. Later,they changed their__67__.They knew the earth was not the center.They believed that the earth and the __68__planets spin around the sun.Today we know this is true.Ancient scientists studied the skies__69__simple instruments.The first person__70__a telescope was named Galileo.In1610__71__four moons around the planet Jupiter.Today__72__use more complex equipment. Some of thesemeasure the brightness of light.__73__break lights up into different colors.Radio telescopes make stars and planets__74__far closer than Galileo's telescope could.Early astronomers__75__five planets in the sky.Besides Earth,they knew about mercury,Venus,Mars, Jupiter,and Saturn.In1781a seventh one was discovered and named Uranus.Years later,astronomers found another planet and called it Neptune.The ninth planet to be found is called Pluto.It was not__76__until1930.Today scientists can__77__almost anywhere.They have reached the heavens with their spacecraft,in1959,a spacecraft__78__took pictures of the dark side of the moon.Ten years later a spacecraft landed two Americans on the moon.Other important journeys into space__79__.Who knows?Maybe__80__human beings will live on another planet.Maybe you will be one of them.61.A.is B.was C.had been D.were62.A.spoke B.told C.knew D.swan63.A.was B.had been C.is D.were64.A.and B.but C.yet D.still65.A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything66.A.around B.round C.about D.along67.A.jobs B.minds C.suggestion D.advice68.A.other B.another C.rest D.remained69.A.by B.on C.with D.within70.A.to use /doc/75b0b238a98271fe900ef90f.html ed /doc/75b0b238a98271fe900ef90f.html es D.of using71.A.invented B.created C.saw D.discovered72.A.musicians B.carpenters C.astronomers D.scholars73.A.The others B Others C.Another D.The other74.A.look B.looking C.to look D.looks75.A.could have seen B.could see C.had seen D.saw76.A.trapped B.served C.discovered D.settled77.A.run B explore C.play D.relax78.A.first B.firstly C.for the first D.first of all79.A.followed B.had followed C.were following D.Follow80.A.someday B.some day C.some days D.somedaysPart V Translation(15points)Directions:Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.Scholars and students have always been great travelers.81.The official case for“academic mobility”is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world,and debated in the corridors of Europe,but it is certainly nothing new.Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies;in search of the purest philosophy,the most effective medicine,the likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas,their transference across frontiers,their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people.82.The point of learning is to share it,whether with students or with colleagues;one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery,or a new technique.It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same。

爱考机构考研－保研－考博高端辅导第一品牌宇航学院航天工程专业招生目录一级学科（或专业类别）、二级学科（或专业领域）、学院、研究方向招生人数考试科目备注070800 地球物理学015 宇航学院 2 学制2.5年研究方向：①101思想政治理论②201英语一③301数学一④851电磁学综合01 空间物理学02 地球与空间环境探测技术03 空间环境科学与工程081100 控制科学与工程015 宇航学院30 学制2.5年研究方向：①101思想政治理论②201英语一③301数学一④933控制工程综合01 模式识别与智能系统02 导航制导与控制技术082500 航空宇航科学与技术015 宇航学院55 学制2.5年研究方向：①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语③301数学一④933控制工程综合或941流体工热综合或942机械设计综合或951力学基础01 飞行器设计02 航空宇航推进理论与工程085233 航天工程（专业学位，工程硕士）015 宇航学院65 学制2.5年研究方向：①101思想政治理论②201英语一③301数学一④931自动控制原理综合或951力学基础01 不区分研究方向宇航学院航天工程专业介绍航天技术应用广泛，远到火星探测、登月飞行、飞机导航，近到互联网络、广播电视、移动通信、天气预报无不与它紧密相连。

今天，航天技术已经成为衡量一个国家综合国力的重要标志，是21世纪最为活跃的高科技领域之一。

本院是航天人才的摇篮，拥有雄厚的师资力量，先进的教学科研设备，为我国的航天事业培养了许多包括火箭、卫星总设计师、总指挥师在内的优秀人才。

现有教授18人，副教授32人，"神舟号"载人飞船的总设计师戚发轫院士为本院兼职博士导师。

本院现有四个博士点，五个硕士点，招收大量博士后研究人员、博士研究生、硕士研究生和留学生，经常与国外航天科研机构进行访问交流活动，为学生进一步深造提供了良好条件。

北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院博士研究生"申请考核制" 招生工作方案为积极探索更加符合学科特色和人才成长规律的选拔机制，促进跨学科交叉与融合，充分发挥博士研究生招生导师和学院自主权，吸引更多优秀人才攻读博士学位研究生，北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院从2017年开始试行“博士生申请考核制”，凡符合申请条件并通过资格审核的考生，可免于参加北京航空航天大学普通招考博士研究生统一入学考试。

具体相关规定如下：一、申请条件1、符合我校博士生招生简章中基本要求的普通招考考生（年龄一般不超过35岁），本科直博、硕博连读考生按原办法执行。

2、仅限报考我院"非定向"类型博士研究生。

3、须符合下列条件之一:（1）硕士为“985工程”高校、国家级研究所或硕士毕业学科为国家一级重点学科的其他高校应届及往届学历硕士毕业生(包括全日制专业学位硕士研究生)；（2）本科、硕士均为全国重点高校或具有国家重点学科的其他高校应届及往届学历硕士毕业生(包括全日制专业学位硕士研究生)；（3）以第一作者身份（或者导师第一作者学生第二作者）发表1篇及以上SCIE期刊论文（含录用）；（4）以第一作者身份（或者导师第一作者学生第二作者）在所报学科或者相近研究领域的发表不少于2篇中文核心期刊论文、EI论文或者重要国际学术会议论文；（5）获得省部级科技奖励二等奖及以上（署名前三），或者获得国家级科技奖励二等奖以上（署名前五）。

（6）已取得国外一流大学硕士学位，其所持境外获得的学位证书须通过教育部留学服务中心认证。

4、外语水平须符合下列条件之一：（1）已经通过国家六级考试，或相当水平其他外语成绩，如托福（TOEFL90分以上）/雅思（IELTS不低于6.0分)；（2）在英语国家或地区获得过硕士或博士学位；（3）已经发表英文期刊论文（不包含国际会议摘要）。

（4）其他语种考生须提供相应证明材料。

5、发表SCI收录论文（学生第一作者）、获得省部级以上科研成果奖（排名前5）、申请发明专利（排名前2）和获得全国级别学科竞赛奖等科研活动表现优异者，经导师同意，同等条件下优先录取。