英语语法-代词
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一. 教学内容:
代词(I)
代词是用来指代人或事物的词。
(一)人称代词
注意:
1. 人称代词的主格在句中作主语。
2. 人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语或表语。
(二)物主代词
注意:
1. 形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词,一般不单独使用。
2. 名词性物主代词常用来避免和前面已提及的名词重复=形容词性物主代词+名词
3.“of+ 名词性物主代词”,表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩
(三)反身代词
反身代词的作用
反身代词在句子中可作宾语:当它作动词宾语时,动作的执行者与承受者往往是同一个人或同一件事物;当它作介词by 的宾语时,则表示强调。
例:
He finished the work by himself.
反身代词在句子中也可作同位语,用来加强名词或代词的语气,强调某人亲自、本人;这时它可能在名词、代词之后,也可能在句子末尾。例:
The students will clean the classroom themselves. 学生们将自己打扫教室。
I myself heard him say it . 我亲耳听他说的。
反身代词的常用词组:
teach oneself learn by oneself
enjoy oneself help oneself to
by oneself for oneself
(四)指示代词
1. 指示代词列表如下:
2. 指示代词的用法:
(1)this/these
①近指
This is my pen.
These are my books.
②指下文要提到的事。
Please remember this: No pains, no gains.
(2)that/those
①远指
That is her bike.
②指前面刚提过的事。
He was ill. That was why he didn’t go to school.
3. 打电话时用this介绍自己,用that询问对方。This is Mike speaking.我是迈克。
Who is that 你是谁
(五)疑问代词
(六)普通不定代词及复合不定代词
A. 普通不定代词
1. 初中阶段常用普通不定代词列表如下
2. 普通不定代词的用法
(1)some与any
some和any均表示“一些”,既可以修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词;some一般用于肯定句中,any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。但在疑问句中,若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表达请求、建议时应用some。
There aren’t any students in the classroom.
—Would you like some coffee
—Yes, please.
(2)many与much
many修饰可数名词复数,还可以与表示程度的副词so, too, as, how连用。much修饰不可数名词,也可以与表示程度的副词so, too, as, how连用。
There are too many mistakes in your exercise.
He never eats so much breakfast.
He has got too much work to do.
(3)either和neither
either指两个之中的其中一个,neither指两个人或物中一个也不。常构成固定搭配either/neither of + 名词(代词)的复数+谓语动词(第三人称单数);either… or…和neither… nor…,当连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
There are trees on either side of the street.
Neither of the books is good.
Either you or I am going to American.
Neither you nor he is wrong.
(4)both与all
both表示“两者都”,常与and连用;all指三者或三者以上都。
Both she and I are students.
Both plans are good.
All of us should go there.
They all agree to stay here.
(5)each与every
each和every都表示“每一个”,each强调个别,当它作主
语时,谓语动词用单数形式。every强调整体情况,修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外,each可指两个或两个以上的人或事物,而every只可指三个或三个以上的人或事物。
There are trees on each side of the road.
Every student passed the exam.
Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt.
B. 复合不定代词
Do you have anything special to tell me today
今天你有什么特别的话告诉我吗
Listen to me, boys and girls. I have something to tell you.
同学们,听我说,我有一些事情要告诉你们。
—Is there anything in the cup 杯子里有什么东西吗
—No, there is nothing. 没有,什么也没有。