高考英语语法精讲精练专题 02代词

语法专题二：代词

代词是英语中非常重要的一类词，也是高考必考考点。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对代词考查列了六项：①人称代词②物主代词③反身代词④指示代词⑤不定代词⑥疑问代词。

2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第54题（完形填空）考查的是代词whoever、whatever、whichever与whenever的辨析；第63题（语法填空）考查的是its的用法；第78题（短文改错）考查的是不定代词much与many的辨析，第80题（短文改错）考查的是your与our的辨析。

2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第44题（完形填空）考查的是代词each，another，this与that的辨析；第68题（语法填空）考查的是its的用法（给出代词it，根据题意须将其变为its）；第71题（短文改错）考查的是关系代词that与which的辨析；第79题（短文改错）考查的是our与his的辨析。

2017高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题考查的是关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。

III.不定代词用法注意点：

1. one, some与any:

1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。

One should learn to think of others.

Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.

I have some questions to ask.

2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。

Would you like some bananas?

Could you give me some money?

3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。

I have read this article in some magazine.

Please correct the mistakes, if any.

4) some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。

There are some 3,000 students in this school.

Do you feel any better today?

2. each和every:

each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。

Each student has a pocket dictionary.

Each (of us) has a dictionary.

We each have a dictionary.

Every student has strong and weak points.

Every one of us has strong and weak points.

3. none和no：

no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.

How much water is there in the bottle? None.

None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.

4. other和another:

1) other泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,

the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。如：

He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.

Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.

2) another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”如：

I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).

The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.

Some like football, while others like basketball.

5. all和both, neither和either

all表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none. All of the books are not written in English.

Not all of the books are written in English.

Both of us are not teachers.

Not both of us are teachers.

Either of us is a teacher.

IV.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·代词

考点规律分析：短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法等。语法填空主要涉及代词的单复数、人称代词主格、宾格以及所有格之间的转换，反身代词及不定代词的用法等。

代词单句改错之真题训练：

1. David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village.

2.When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook head.

3.We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe many times.

4. And I can’t forget the good food you cooked for I.

5. I hope that both you two could come and visit us some time soon.

6.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.

7.And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.

8. Now I can’t watch much television, but a few years ago…

9. I’ll spen d all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it.

10. I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me understand what the world works.

11. …in any other words, I am an only child.

12. For example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he pu t them in a secret place I couldn’t find.

13. Then he ate it all by himself. He never helped other.

14. I was learning to express me in simple English.

15. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.

16. At once I apologize and controlled me at my best till the dinner started.

17. And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own .

18. What’s more, you have to be friendly with your pupils and take good care of him.

代词单句改错之模拟训练：

1. Here are some letters for you and he.

2. She loves swimming. It keeps she fit.

3.Here are the cats Auntie brought us. Take good care of it.

4. Everyone here gets up earlier than her does.

5. Here is my dog. It’s name is Petty.

6. He opened mouth as if to say something.

7. Don’t lose y our heart. Try again.

8. The Smiths have been married, but have no children of his own.

9. I tell him everything, for he is a good friend of me.

10. He smiled at her and laid her hand on hers.

11. When you are away from home, you should look after you.

12. If you have any question, put up hand.