2018.4.21大学英语专业四级真题语言知识部分答案详细解析

2018 英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are fouroptions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence oranswers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt ’s first attempt to builda smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to havebeen B. was believed to beC. is believed to havebeen D. is believed tobe12.U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popularresource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. ismaintaining C.maintainedD. has been maintaining13.H e was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A.actuallyB.accidentallyC.otherwiseD.seldom14.She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a viewof_____________ mountains behind the appleorchard. A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blueVirginia C.Virginia hazyblue D. Virginiablue hazy15.I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.B.evilC.evilsD.an evil16.Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, askilling and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are ofwar17.At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its mostbasic B. itsbasicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn ”is used __________. A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. W hich of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry themetaphorical meaning? A. I wonder what ’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I ’m getting terribly behind .D. I suppose I ’m lucky because my parents werebehind meall the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______. A. a hypothesis B. a suggestion C. a contradiction D. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A.justiceB.testimonyC.trialD.verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, hehas beenstrongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A.QuestionablyB.ArguablyC.ContentiouslyD.Debatably23.P rices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost ofraw materials. A. cutB. buoyC.offer D.offset24.T he celebrity says in court papers she“has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce. ”A.recommendationB.recordingC.recollectionD.recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfieoverall—is rooted in whatwe consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26.The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sportingstars thanks to its unique development program.A.final B.furtherC.supplementaryD. extra27.The teachers ’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling forrepairing“deplorable ”school conditions.A.firedB.filedC.finedD.filledst March the __________ of a 19 th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB.ruinsC.remainsD.wreck29.S he ’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres. A. countlessB.countableC.numericalD. numeral30.A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has releasedits analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A.oceangoing B.oceanic C.marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A. accompaniesB. automaticallyF. kindG. mannerK. renowned L. subscribeC. coupleH.mercifullyM. unknownD.goesI. oneN.virtueE. indebtednessJ. obeyO. widespreadA Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sentChristmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected somereaction, the response he received was amazing —holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. Thegreat majority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of theunknown professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows the action of one of the mostpowerful of the weapons of influence around us —the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in kind, what another person has providedus. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her one in return; if a man sends usa birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if acouple invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. Byvirtueof the reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment offavors, gifts,invitations,and the like. Sotypicalisit for indebtedness toaccompany the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged ”has becomea synonym for “thank you, ”not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation that goes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so widespread that after intensive study, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society that does not subscribe to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your a nswers onANSWERSHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent toestablish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in Europeansocieties. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kingsand governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historicdecisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect onthe shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and thechurches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom wheretheemphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of allthe American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of allindividuals tocontrol their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a rulingnoble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2)There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet,achieving both financialand emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3)A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race andsucceed inthe game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class systemdeveloped in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrantshavetraditionallycome to the United State s is tohave a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United Statesappeared tobe a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches ”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve materialsuccess. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and italso became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughou t their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people ’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidat e for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue toexplore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42.Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining Americanvalues?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC.DefinitionD.Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadlyexplosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gaveprizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and — perhaps mostimportantly — peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though mostcountries have asystem of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good intheir countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds ofthings.(3)The Oscars are probably t he most famous, a time for the (mostly) Americanfilmindustry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give eachother awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes,evidently for the same thing.(4) But it ’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and theMTV for music. InBritain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see theirdifficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Codefor popularity. TheTurner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists— each year it causes controversy byapparently givin g lots of money to artists who do thingslike displayin g thei r beds, puttinganimals in glass cases or — this year — building a garden shed.(5) Awards don ’t onlyexist fo r arts. Thereare now awards for Sports Personality of the Year,forEuropeanFootballe r of the Yearand World Footballe r of th eYear. Thisseems very strange —sometimes awards can be good to giverecognitionto people whodeserve it , or to help people whodon ’t make a lot of money carr y on their work withoutworrying about finances, but professiona l soccer players these dayscertainly aren’tshort of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own awardceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated fromhighschool or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for “Innovation in English Language Teaching ”.(7)Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently?Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith orCharles Dickens.(8) It would be possibleto say,however, that in the past,scientists and artistscouldwin “patronage ”form rich people — a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists moneyto have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With thechange in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific researchis now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins anOscar, manymore people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, manymore people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen byhundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group s ells lots morerecords.(11)Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. Thismeans that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors.The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a “Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, butlet me ask you a question — how far do you think that publicity and marketing arewinninghere, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author ’s tone when he mentions awards such as theOscars, the GoldenGlobes and Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A.Amused.B.Appreciative.C.Sarcastic.D.Serious.44.A ccording to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45.W hich of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A.Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B.Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C.Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D.Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46.A ccording to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists inthe past and those at present lies in_____________.A.nature of workB.personal contactC.source of fundingD.social status47.I t can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A.promote market rather than achievementsB.do good to both market and popularityC.help those who are really talentedD.are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs.Mallardsufferedfrom ahearttrouble,great care wastakentobreak to her as gently as possible the news of herhusband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Herhusband Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaperoffice when news of the’s friendrailroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard ’s nameleading the list of“killed ”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3)She wept at once, in her sister ’s arms. When the storm of sadnesshad spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one followher.(4)There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this shesank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reachinto hersoul.(5)She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6)T here were patches of blue sky showing here and there through theclouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7)She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair,quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her,as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8)She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare inher eyes, whose gaze was fixed away offyonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9)There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it,fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name.But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through thesounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10)Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize thisthing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back withher will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11)When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips.She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the lookofterror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12)She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tenderhands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her,fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a longprocession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And sheopened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13)There would be no one to live for her during those coming years;she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her inthat blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right toimpose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14)And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What didit matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of thispossession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free! ”she kept whispering.(16)Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill.What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir( 长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18)Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Springdays, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. Shebreathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she hadthought with a shudder that life might be long.(19)She arose at length and opened the door to her sister'simportunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carriedherself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist,and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them atthe bottom.(20)Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It wasBrently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying hisgripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and didnot even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry;at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21)But Richards was too late.(22)When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband ’s death?A. Her husband ’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49.W hen Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A.sat in an armchair all the timeB.sat with her back facing the windowC.sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50.H ow did she feel about her love towards her husband?A.She hated her husband.B.She was indifferent now.C.She found it hard to describe.D.She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the mostfundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52.What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels. ”according to Para. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53.What conclusion can be drawn fromPara. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54.W hat was Mrs Mallard ’s mood when she was left alone inthe room? Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease — of joy that kills. What do youthink is the real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead ”husband.PART VI WRITING(略 )您好，欢迎您阅读我的文章，本WORD 文档可编辑修改，也可以直接打印。

2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ a ncient Egypt's first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid ・A.has been believed to have beenB.was believed to beC.is believed to have beenD.is believed to be12.U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus・A.maintainsB.is maintainingC.maintainedD.has been maintaining13・ He was lured into a crime he would not _________ have committed・A.actuallyB・ accidentallyC.otherwiseD.seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of ______________ mountains behind the apple orchard・A.blue hazy VirginiaB.hazy blue VirginiaC・ Virginia hazy blueD・ Virginia blue hazy15.1 long to alleviate __________ , but I can not.A.the evilB.evilC.evilsD.an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maimingA.warB.are warC.of warD.are of war17・ At __________ , photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A.its most basicB・ its basicC・ the most basicD. the basic18.She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed•The infi nitive verb phrase "only to learn "is used _________ ・A.to express an intended purposeB.to indicate a high degree of possibilityC.to reveal an undesirable consequenceD.to dramatize a stated fact19.Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A.I wonder what's behind this change of plan.B.Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C・ This work should have been finished yesterday・ 1 'm getting terribly behind・D・ I suppose Fm lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20.My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______ ・A・ a hypothesisB・ a suggestionC.a contradictionD.a surprise21 ・ When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to________________________________________________________________________________ 、their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A.justiceB.testimonyC.trialD.verdict22. _______ , the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A.QuestionablyB.ArguablyC・ ContentiouslyD. Debatably23.Prices have recently risen in order to _________ the increased cost of raw materials.A.cutB.buoyC.offerD.offset24.The celebrity says in court papers she "has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.^A.recommendationB・ recordingC・ recollectionD・ recognition25.What actually _________ a good angle 一or a good selfie overall —— is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A.consistsB.constitutesC・ composesD. constructs26.The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program・A.finalB.furtherC・ supplementaryD. extra27.The teachersunion _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing "deplorable^ school conditions.A.firedB.filedC・ finedD. filled28・ Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team・A.debrisB.ruinsC.remainsD.wreck29.She's worn his designs on __________ o ccasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A.countlessB.countableC.numericalD.numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A.oceangoingB.oceanicC.marineD・ maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank・ The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response he received was amazing一holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of the unknown professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows the action of one of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us一the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in kind, what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her one in return; if a man sends us a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if a couple invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By virtue of the reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is it for indebtedness to accompany the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged" has become a synonym for “thank you," not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation that goes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so widespread that after intensive study, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society that does not subscribe to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character・ By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values・ By freedom, Americans mean thedesire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority・(2)There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independenee from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21 ・(3)A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4)There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work・ In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5)A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a "land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase "going from rags to riches" became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success- Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status・(6)Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history・ In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of peopled abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7)These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41 ・ Para.4 seems to suggest that _______ ・A.Americans are born with a sense of competitionB.the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC.successful competition is essential in American societypetition results in equality of opportunities42.Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD.Cause and effectC.DefinitionD.Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1)The Nobels are the originals, of course・ Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and 一perhaps most importantly—peace・(2)Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opport unity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches・ As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4)But it's not only films™there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity・ The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or一this year —buildinga garden shed・(5)Awards dorf t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange一sometimes awards can be good to give recog nition to people who deserve it, or to help people who dorf t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren't short of cash!(6)Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree・ Even the British Council has its own awards for "Innovation in English Language Teaching"・(7)Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens・(8)It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win "patronage^ form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10)However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people acrossthe world. The result? The group sells lots more records・(11)Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies・ This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits一・but also the sponsors・ The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12)On the surface, it s eems to be a “Win-win" situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43.What is the author's tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A.Amused・B.Appreciative.C・ Sarcastic・D. Serious.44.According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A.They would enjoy a much larger readership.B.They would turn to popular novel writing.C.They would continue non-fiction writing・D.They would try controversial forms of art.45.Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A.Awards ceremonies are held for local people・B.Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C.Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D.Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46.According to Para・ 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in ___________ .A.nature of workB.personal contactC.source of fundingD.social status47.It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards _______ .A.promote market rather than achievementsB.do good to both market and popularityC.help those who are really talentedD.are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1)Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband^ death.(2)It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences・ Her husband^ friend Richards was there, too・ It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brcntly Mallard's name leading the list of "killc(T'・ He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3)She wept at once, in her sister^s anus. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone・ She would have no one follow her.(4)There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair・ Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5)She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6)There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7)She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8)She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9)There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name・ But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10)Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have beeru(11)When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!0 The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes・ They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12)She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead・ But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13)There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself.There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistenee with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14)And yet she had loved him-sometimes・ Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the sti ongest impulse of her being!(15)"Free! Body and soul free!" she kept whispering.(16)Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. H Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven f s sake open the door.'1(17)"Go away. I am not making myself ill.H No; she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window・(18)Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long・ It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19)She arose at length and opened the door to her sistefs importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory・ She clasped her sistefs waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20)Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella・ He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards1 quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife・(21)But Richards was too late.(22)When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills-48.How did Mrs Mallard get the news of her husband's death?A.Her husband's friend told her.B.She had read it from the paper.C.Her sister Josephine told her.D.Her doctor broke the news to her.49.When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she __________ ・A.sat in an armchair all the timeB.sat with her back facing the windowC.sat and then walked around for whileD.sat in a chair and cried all the time・50.How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband・B・ She was indifferent now.C.She found it hard to describe.D.She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52.What can be in ferred from the sente nee "Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels/' according toPara. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53.What conclusion can be drawn from Para・ 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54.What was Mrs Mallard's mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55.The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease 一of joy that kills. What do you think is thereal cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead" husband・PART VI WRITING（略）。

2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfie overall —is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the responsehe received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned aone of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule forus a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if athe reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation thatstudy, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society thatPART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for“Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.” according toPara. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease —of joy that kills. What do you think isthe real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead” husband.PART VI WRITING(略)。

2018英语专四答案（仅供参考） PART I DICTATION Emotional Reaction to Music No matter who you are, where you live, / or what your cultural background is, / people get some pleasure from listening to their favorite music. / However, some people are simply not capable of enjoying music. / This is not because they can’t experience pleasure at all. / They don’t have trouble hearing music properly, either. / Instead, they’re just indifferent to music. / Researchers have conducted studies to find out / why some people have no emotional reaction to music. / However, despite their efforts, the mystery remains. PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A TALK 1. seven 2. sounds 3. cognitive 4. a sound changes 5. six-month-old 6. discriminate the 7. their first birthda 8. totally equivalen 9. incredible differe 10. taking statistics SECTION B CONVERSATIONS Conversation One 1. According to the man, what is a British characteristic? 答案：C. The British are unable to speak a foreign language. 2. What is the second most-spoken language in the UK? 答案：B. Polish. 3. Why was the 1,000 Words Campaign launched? 答案：A. To help improve international trade. 4.According to the man, which is not considered an advantage of learning a foreign language? 答案：D. It makes you work hard. 5. What’s the most probable relationship between the man and the woman? 答案：B. Schoolmates. Conversation Two 6. According to Alice, what is a phobia? 答案：A. An unreasonable fear. 7. What are the chances of getting knocked off one’s bicycle and killed in a one-mile journey? 答案：C. One in fourteen million. 8. What kind of event do people tend to worry about? 答案：B. Catastrophic events. 9. Which may involve a chronic risk? 答案：D. Smoking cigarettes. 10. Why do some people enjoy risks? 答案：A. They get pleasure from risks. PART III LANGUAGE USAGE 11. C. is believed to have been 12. D. has been maintaining 13. B. otherwise 14. C. hazy blue Virginia 15. A. the evil 16. D. are of war 17. A. its most basic 18. C. to reveal an undesirable consequence 19. B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him. 20. A. a hypothesis 21. C. trial 23. C. offset 24. D. recollection 25. B. constitutes 26. D. extra 27. A. filed 28. D. wreck 29. C. countless 30. D. maritime PART IV CLOZE 31. M. unknown 32. B. automatically 33. F. kind 34. I. one 35. C. couple 37. E. indebtedness 38. D. goes 39. O. widespread 40. L. subscribe PART V READING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 41. D. successful competition is essential in American society 42. B. Cause and effect. 43. C. Sarcastic. 44. A. They would enjoy a much larger readership. 45. D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons. 46. C. source of funding 47. B. promote market rather than achievements 48. C. Her sister Josephine told her. 49. B. sat in an armchair all the time 50. A. She was indifferent now. SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 51. Individual freedom. 52. Some awards aren’t rewards for real achievements. 53. Some awards for sports fail to achieve positive social effects. 54. Her mood changed from distress to excitement and joy. 55. The real cause was her extreme disappointment. PART VI WRITING (略)。

2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question。

Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth—sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB。

was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U。

S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A。

maintainsB. is maintainingC。

maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed。

A. actuallyB。

accidentallyC。

otherwiseD。

seldom14。

She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB。

2018年6月大学英语四级真题（第3套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay on the importance of speaking ability and how to develop it Y ou should write at least 120 words but no more tha n180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) 说明：由于2018年6月四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part 皿Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this sect ion, there is a passage with ten bla nks. You are required to select one word for each bla nk from a list of choices give n in a word bank follow ing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Neon (霓虹)is to Hong Kong as red phone booths are to London and fog is to San Fran cisco. When night falls, red and blue and other colors 26 ________ a hazy (雾蒙蒙的)glow over a city litup by tens of thousa nds of neon sig ns. But many of them are going dark, 27 _______ by more practical, but less romantic, LEDs (发光二极管).Changing buildi ng codes, evolv ing tastes, and the high cost of maintaining those won derful old sig ns have bus in esses embraci ng LEDs, which are en ergy 28 , but still carry great cost. "To me, neon represe nts memories of the past," says photographer Sharon Blance, whose series Hong Kong Neon celebrates the city's famous sig ns. "Look ing at the sig ns now I get a feeli ng of amazeme nt, mixed with sad ness."Building a neon sign is an art practiced by 29 ______________ trained on the job to moldshapes and letters. They fill these tubes with gases that glowglass tubes in to-30whe n 31 _____________ . Neon makes oran ge, while other gases make yellow or blue. It takes many hours to craft a sin gle sig n.Bla nee spe nt a week in Hong Kong and 32 _____________ more tha n 60 sig ns; 22 of them appear in the series that capture the sig ns lighti ng up Ion ely streets — an 33 that makes it easy to admire their colors and eraftsmanship. "I love the beautiful, handerafted, old-fashi oned 34 of neon，” says Blance. The sig ns do nothing more tha n 35a restaura nt, theater, or other bus in ess, but do so in the most strik ing way possible.A) alter native B) approach C) cast D) challe nging E) decorativeF) efficient G) electrified H) identify I) photographed J) professionalsK) quality L) replaced M) stimulate N) symbolizes O) volun teersSection BDirections: I n this secti on, you are going to read a passage with ten stateme nts attached to it. Each stateme nt contains in formatio n give n in one of the paragraphs. Ide ntify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. An swer the questi ons by mark ing the corresp onding letter on An swer Sheet 2.New Jersey School District Eases Pressure on Student—Baring an Ethnic DivideA) This fall, David Aderhold, the chief of a high-achieving school district near Princeton, New Jersey, sent parents an alarming 16-page letter. The school district, he said, was facing a crisis. Its stude nts were overburde ned and stressed out, havi ng to cope with too much work and too many dema nds. In the previous school year, 120 middle and high school stude nts were recomme nded for men tal health assessme nts and 40 were hospitalized. And on a survey adm ini stered by the district, students wrote things like, "I hate going to school," and "Coming out of 12 years in this district, I have lear ned one thing: that a grade, a perce ntage or even a point is to be valued over anything else." B) With his letter, Aderhold in serted West Win dsor-Plai nsboro Regi onal School District into an atio nal discussi on about the intense focus on achieveme nt at elite schools, and whether it has gone too far. At follow-up meet in gs, he urged pare nts to join him in advocat ing a "whole child" approach to schooli ng that respects "social-emoti onal developme nt" and "deep and meanin gful learning" over academics alone. The alter native, he suggested, was to face the prospect of becoming another Palo Alto, California, where outsize stress on teenage students is believed to have con tributed to a nu mber of suicides in the last six years.C) But in stead of bringing families together, Aderhold's letter revealed a divide in the district, which has 9,700 stude nts, and one that broke dow n roughly along racial lin es. On one side are white pare nts like Catheri ne Foley, a former preside nt of the Pare nt-Teacher-Stude nt Associati on at her daughter's middle school, who has come to see the district's in creas in gly pressured atmosphere as opposed to lear ning. "My son was in fourth grade and told me, 'I'm not going to amount to anything because I have nothing to put on my resume,'" she said. On the other side are pare nts like Mike Jia, one of the thousa nds of Asia n-America n professi on als who have moved to the district in the past decade, who said Aderhold's reforms would amount to a "dumb ing dow n" of his children's education. "What is happening here reflects a national anti-intellectual trend that will not prepare our childre n for the future," Jia said.D) About 10 minu tes from Prin cet on and an hour and a half from New York City, West Win dsor and Plain sboro have become popular bedroom com mun ities for tech no logy en trepre neurs, researchers and engin eers, draw n in large part by the public schools. From the last three graduating classes, 16 seniors were admitted to MIT. It produces Science Olympiad winners, classically trained musicians and students with perfect SA T scores.E) The district has become increasingly popular with immigrant families from China, India and Korea. This year, 65 perce nt of its stude nts are Asia n-America n, compared with 44 perce nt in 2007. Many of them are the first in their families born in the United States. They have had a grow ing in flue nce on the district. Asia n-America n pare nts are en thusiastic supporters of the competitive in strume ntal music program. They have bee n huge supporters of the district's advaneed mathematics program, which once began in the fourth grade but will now start in the sixth. The cha nge to the program, in which 90 perce nt of the participat ing stude nts areAsia n-America n, is one of Aderhold's reforms.F) Asia n-America n stude nts have bee n eager participa nts in a state program that permits them to take summer classes off campus for high school credit, allow ing them to maximize the nu mber of honors and Advaneed Placement classes they can take, another practice that Aderhold is limiting this school year. With many Asia n-America n childre n atte nding suppleme ntary in struct ional programs, there is a perception among some white families that the elementary school curriculum is being sped up to accommodate them.G) Both Asia n-America n and white families say the tension betwee n the two groups has grow n steadily over the past few years, as the nu mber of Asia n families has rise n. But the divisi on has become more obvious in recent mon ths as Aderhold has made cha nges, in clud ing no-homework nights, an end to high school midterms and finals, and an initiative that made it easier to participate in the music program.H) Jennifer Lee, professor of sociology at the University of California, Irvine, and an author of theAsia n America n Achieveme nt Paradox, says misun dersta nding betwee n first-ge neratio nAsia n-America n pare nts and those who have bee n in this country Ion ger are com mon. What white middle-class pare nts do not always un dersta nd, she said, is how much pressure recent immigra nts feel to boost their children into the middle class. "They don't have the same chances to get their childre n intern ships (实习职位)or jobs at law firms," Lee said. "So what they believe is that their childre n must excel and beat their white peers in academic sett ings so they have the same cha nces to excel later."I) The issue of the stresses felt by stude nts in elite school districts has gained atte nti on in recent years as schools in places like Newt on, Massachusetts, and Palo Alto have reported a nu mber of suicides. West Win dsor-Pla in sboro has not had a tee nage suicide in recent years, but Aderhold, who has worked in the district for seve n years and bee n chief for the last three years, said he had see n troubli ng sig ns. In a recent art assig nmen ts, a middle school stude nt depicted (描绘)an overburde ned child who was being scolded for earning an A, rather tha n an A+ , on a math exam. In the image, the mother scolds the stude nt with the words, "Shame on you!" Further, he said, the New Jersey Educati on Departme nt has flagged at least two pieces of writ ing on state En glishIan guage assessme nts in which stude nts expressed suicidal thoughts.J) The survey commissi oned by the district found that 68 perce nt of high school honor andAdva need Placeme nt stude nts reported feeli ng stressed about school "always or most of the time." "We need to bring back some balanee," Aderhold said. "You don't want to wait until it's too late to do someth in g."K) Not all public opinion has fallen along racial lines. Karen Sue, the Chinese-American mother of a fifth-grader and an eighth-grader, believes the competiti on with in the district has gotte n out of con trol. Sue, who was born in the Un ited States to immigra nt pare nts, wants her peers to dial it back. "It's become an arms race, an educational arms race," she said. "We all want our kids to achieve and be successful. The questi on is, at what cost?"36. Aderhold is limiting the extra classes that students are allowed to take off campus.37. White and Asia n-America n pare nts resp on ded differe ntly to Aderhold's appeal.38. Suicidal thoughts have appeared in some stude nts' writ in gs.39. Aderhold's reform of the adva need mathematics program will affect Asia n-America n stude nts most.40. Aderhold appealed for pare nts' support in promot ing an all-ro und developme nt of childre n, in stead of focus ing on ly on their academic performa nee.41. One Chin ese-America n pare nt thinks the competiti on in the district has gone too far.42. Immigra nt pare nts believe that academic excelle nee will allow their childre n equal cha nces to succeed in the future.43. Many bus in essme n and professi on als have moved to West Win dsor and Plain sboro because of the public schools there.44. A nu mber of stude nts in Aderhold's school district were found to have stress-i nduced men tal health problems.45. The tension betwee n Asia n-America n and white families has in creased in rece nt years. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this sect ion. Each passage is followed by some questi ons or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresp onding letter on An swer Sheet 2 with a sin gle line through the cen tre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.For thousa nds of years, people have known that the best way to un dersta nd a con cept is to expla in it to some one else. "While we teach, we lear n," said Roma n philosopher Sen eca. Now scie ntists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They're docume nti ng why teach ing is such a fruitful way to lear n, and desig ning inno vative ways for young people to en gage in in structi on.Researchers have found that stude nts who sig n up to tutor others work harder to un dersta nd the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Stude nt teachers score higher on tests tha n pupils who're lear ning only for their own sake. But how can childre n, still lear ning themselves, teach others? One an swer: They can tutor youn ger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings ( 兄弟姐妹).This suggeststheir higher IQs result from the time they spe nd teach ing their sibli ngs. Now educators are experime nting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They en gage college un dergraduates to teach computer scie nee to high school stude nts, who in tur n in struct middle school stude nts on the topic.But the most cutt in g-edge tool un der developme nt is the "teachable age nt" — a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的)figure called Betty's Brain, who has been "taught" about environmen tal scie nee by hun dreds of middle school stude nts. Stude nt teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their kno wledge and improve their own un dersta nding. And as they expla in the in formati on to it,they iden tify problems in their own thinking.Feedback from the teachable age nts further enhances the tutors' lear ning. The age nts' questions compel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the age nt solve problems allows them to see their kno wledge put into actio n.Above all, it's the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feel upset whe n their teachable age nts fail, but happy whe n these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfact ion from some one else's accomplishme nt.46. What are researchers rediscoveri ng through their studies?A) Sen eca's thinking is still applicable today.B) Better lear ners will become better teachers.C) Huma n in tellige nee tends to grow with age.D) Philosophical thinking improves in structi on.47. What do we learn about Betty's Brai n?A) It is a character in a popular animation.B) It is a teach ing tool un der developme nt.C) It is a cutt in g-edge app in digital games.D) It is a tutor for computer scie nee stude nts.48. How does teach ing others ben efit stude nt tutors?A) It makes them aware of what they are strong at.B) It motivates them to try novel ways of teach ing.C) It helps them learn their academic subjects better.D) It en ables them to better un dersta nd their teachers.49. What do stude nts do to teach their teachable age nts?A) They motivate them to thi nk in depe nden tly.B) They ask them to desig n their own questi ons.C) They en courage them to give prompt feedback.D) They use various ways to explain the materials.50. What is the key factor that eases stude nt tutors' lear ning?A) Their sense of resp on sibility.B) Their emoti onal in volveme nt.C) The lear ning strategy acquired.D) The teach ing experie nee gain ed.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.A new batch of young women —members of the so-called Millennial ( 千禧的) generation—has been entering the workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they are better educated tha n their mothers and gran dmothers had been— or tha n their young male counterparts are now. But when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success. They believe that wome n are paid less tha n men for doing the same job. They thi nk it's easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for them. And they assume that if and when they have childre n, it will be even harder for them to adva nee in their careers.While the public sees greater workplace equality betwee n men and wome n now tha n it did 20-30 years ago, most believe more cha nge is n eeded. Among Mille nnial wome n, 75% say this country n eeds to con ti nue making cha nges to achieve gen der equality in the workplace, compared with 57% of Mille nn ial men. Even so, relatively few young wome n (15%) say they have bee n discrim in ated aga inst at work because of their gen der.As Mille nnial wome n come of age they share many of the same views and values about work as their male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little importance on high pay. At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they're not interested in becoming a boss or top manager; only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and motherhood.These findings are based on a new Pew Research Cen ter survey of 2,002 adults, in cludi ng 810 Mille nni als (ages 18-32), con ducted Oct. 7-27, 2013. The survey fin ds that, i n spite of the dramatic gains wome n have made in educatio nal atta inment and labor force participati on in rece nt decades, young wome n view this as a man's world —just as middle-aged and older wome n do.51. What do we learn from the first paragraph about Millennial women starting their careers?A) They can get ahead only by striving harder.B) They expect to succeed just like Millennial men.C) They are gen erally quite optimistic about their future.D) They are better educated tha n their male coun terparts.52. How do most Mille nnial wome n feel about their treatme nt in the workplace?A) They are the target of discrim in ati on.B) They find it satisfactory on the whole.C) They think it n eeds further improv ing.D) They find their compla ints igno red.53. What do Mille nn ial wome n value most whe n coming of age?A) A sense of accomplishme nt.B) Job stability and flexibility.C) Rewards and promoti ons.D) Joy derived from work.54. What are wome n in their 30s and 40s concerned about?A) The welfare of their childre n.B) The n arrow ing of the gen der gap.C) The fulfillment of their dreams in life.D) The bala nee betwee n work and family.55. What con clusi on can be draw n about Mille nn ial wome n from the 2013 survey?A) They still view this world as on e domin ated by males.B) They acco unt for half the workforce in the job market.C) They see the world differe ntly from older gen erati ons.D) They do better in work than their male counterparts.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minu tes to tran slate a passage from Chi n ese into En glish. You should write your an swe on Answer Sheet 2近年来，中国有越来越多的城市开始建设地铁。

2018英語專業四級考試真題及參考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfie overall —is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the responsehe received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned aone of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule forus a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if athe reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation thatstudy, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society thatPART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for“Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and evena certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir(長生不老藥) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.” according toPara. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease —of joy that kills. What do you think isthe real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead” husband.PART VI WRITING(略)。

2018英语专四答案（仅供参考） PART I DICTATION Emotional Reaction to Music No matter who you are, where you live, / or what your cultural background is, / people get some pleasure from listening to their favorite music. / However, some people are simply not capable of enjoying music. / This is not because they can’t experience pleasure at all. / They don’t have trouble hearing music properly, either. / Instead, they’re just indifferent to music. / Researchers have conducted studies to find out / why some people have no emotional reaction to music. / However, despite their efforts, the mystery remains. PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A TALK 1. seven 2. sounds 3. cognitive 4. a sound changes 5. six-month-old 6. discriminate the 7. their first birthda 8. totally equivalen 9. incredible differe 10. taking statistics SECTION B CONVERSATIONS Conversation One 1. According to the man, what is a British characteristic? 答案：C. The British are unable to speak a foreign language. 2. What is the second most-spoken language in the UK? 答案：B. Polish. 3. Why was the 1,000 Words Campaign launched? 答案：A. To help improve international trade. 4.According to the man, which is not considered an advantage of learning a foreign language? 答案：D. It makes you work hard. 5. What’s the most probable relationship between the man and the woman? 答案：B. Schoolmates. Conversation Two 6. According to Alice, what is a phobia? 答案：A. An unreasonable fear. 7. What are the chances of getting knocked off one’s bicycle and killed in a one-mile journey? 答案：C. One in fourteen million. 8. What kind of event do people tend to worry about? 答案：B. Catastrophic events. 9. Which may involve a chronic risk? 答案：D. Smoking cigarettes. 10. Why do some people enjoy risks? 答案：A. They get pleasure from risks. PART III LANGUAGE USAGE 11. C. is believed to have been 12. D. has been maintaining 13. B. otherwise 14. C. hazy blue Virginia 15. A. the evil 16. D. are of war 17. A. its most basic 18. C. to reveal an undesirable consequence 19. B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him. 20. A. a hypothesis 21. C. trial 23. C. offset 24. D. recollection 25. B. constitutes 26. D. extra 27. A. filed 28. D. wreck 29. C. countless 30. D. maritime PART IV CLOZE 31. M. unknown 32. B. automatically 33. F. kind 34. I. one 35. C. couple 37. E. indebtedness 38. D. goes 39. O. widespread 40. L. subscribe PART V READING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 41. D. successful competition is essential in American society 42. B. Cause and effect. 43. C. Sarcastic. 44. A. They would enjoy a much larger readership. 45. D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons. 46. C. source of funding 47. B. promote market rather than achievements 48. C. Her sister Josephine told her. 49. B. sat in an armchair all the time 50. A. She was indifferent now. SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 51. Individual freedom. 52. Some awards aren’t rewards for real achievements. 53. Some awards for sports fail to achieve positive social effects. 54. Her mood changed from distress to excitement and joy. 55. The real cause was her extreme disappointment. PART VI WRITING (略)。

2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to builda smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immenselyproud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle — or a good selfie overall — is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable” school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response he received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquired into theidentity of professor. They received his holiday greeting card,one of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rulefor reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay,another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should dorule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense ofso after intensive study, sociologists such as Alvinto the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early aspossible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches” became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries havea system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists —each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for“Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists orscientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, manymore people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the GoldenGlobes and Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the pastand those at present lies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and evena certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.”according to Para. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease — of joy that kills. Whatdo you think is the real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead” husband.PART VI WRITING(略)。

英语专业四级语言知识题及答案解析做学问的功夫，是细嚼慢咽的功夫。

好比吃饭一样，要嚼得烂，方好消化，才会对人体有益。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2018年英语专业四级语言知识题及答案解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!1.____in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.A. Unpopular has as white been ?B. White has been as unpopularC. Unpopular has been as white ?D. Unpopular as white has been2.____for a long time, the fields are all dried up.A. There has been no rain ?B. Having no rainC. There having been no rain?D. There being no rain3. The millions of calculations involved, ____by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had they been done ?B. they had been doneC. having been done ?D. they were done4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment____.A. which they are happening ?B. they are happeningC. which they happen ?D. they have happened5.____me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.A. That amazedB. It amazed?C. Which amazedD. What amazed6. Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was very young, ____she was twenty?five.A. her first real success did not come untilB. her real first success came until notC. since her first real success did not come untilD. not until her first real success7. You should know better than____ your little sister at home by herself.A. to leaveB. leavingC. to have leftD. left8. As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ____graba bite at the snack bar.A. may wellB. just as well ?C. might as wellD. as well9. She resorted to ____ when she had no money to buy foods for her children.A. have stolenB. stealC. stoleD. stealing10. The boy has admitted to ____ the window while playing football yesterday.A. breakingB. having been broken ?C. breakD. be breaking11. Betty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets ____in transit.A. misusedB. mishandledC. mistakenD. mislaid12.____money, she is quite rich. However, this does not mean that she is happy.A. ConcerningB. As to ?C. In terms ofD. In the light of13. A well?written composition ____good choice of words and clear organization among other things.A. calls forB. calls onC. calls upD. calls off14. It is ____with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really likes and wants until the last moment.A. in her honorB. on her honorC. a point of honorD. an honor15. This house will probably come on the ____next month.A. fairB. marketC. shopD. store16. George was introduced to ____activities at a young age,when she was hire to act as a lookout for drugdealers.A. illegalB. lawfulC. faithfulD. peaceful17. An institution that properly carries the name university isa more comprehensive and complex institution than any other kind of higher education____.A. settlementB. establishmentC. costructionD. structure18. People’s status in society is frequently ____by how much they own.A. measuredB. examinedC. testedD. questioned19. Jack is so ____to his appearance that he never has his clothes pressed.A. adverseB. anonymousC. indifferentD. casual20. There is an increasing ____to make movies describing violence.A. strengthB. directionC. traditionD. trend答案与解析1. D) 【句意】虽然白色过去不受欢迎，但目前它是婚纱的首选颜色。

2018 英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are fouroptions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence oranswers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt ’s first attempt to build asmooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to havebeen B. was believed to beC. is believed to havebeen D. is believed tobe12.U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popularresource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. ismaintaining C.maintainedD. has been maintaining13.H e was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A.actuallyB.accidentallyC.otherwiseD.seldom14.She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a viewof_____________ mountains behind the appleorchard. A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blueVirginia C.Virginia hazyblue D. Virginiablue hazy15.I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.B.evilC.evilsD.an evil16.Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, askilling and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are ofwar17.At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its mostbasic B. itsbasicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn ”is used __________. A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. W hich of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning? A. I wonder what ’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I ’m getting terribly behind .D. I suppose I ’m lucky because my parents were behind me allthe way.20. My mother was determined to help those in needand she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______. A. a hypothesis B. a suggestion C. a contradiction D. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A.justiceB.testimonyC.trialD.verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, hehas beenstrongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A.QuestionablyB.ArguablyC.ContentiouslyD.Debatably23.P rices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost ofraw materials. A. cutB. buoyC.offer D.offset24.T he celebrity says in court papers she“has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce. ”A.recommendationB.recordingC.recollectionD.recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfieoverall—is rooted in whatwe consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26.The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sportingstars thanks to its unique development program.A.final B.furtherC.supplementaryD. extra27.The teachers ’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling forrepairing“deplorable ”school conditions.A.firedB.filedC.finedD.filledst March the __________ of a 19 th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB.ruinsC.remainsD.wreck29.S he ’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres. A. countlessB.countableC.numericalD. numeral30.A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has releasedits analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A.oceangoing B.oceanic C.marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A. accompaniesB. automaticallyF. kindG. mannerK. renowned L. subscribeC. coupleH.mercifullyM. unknownD.goesI. oneN.virtueE. indebtednessJ. obeyO. widespreadA Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sentChristmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected somereaction, the response he received was amazing —holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. Thegreat majority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of theunknown professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows the action of one of the mostpowerful of the weapons of influence around us —the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in kind, what another person has providedus. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her one in return; if a man sends usa birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if acouple invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. Byvirtueof the reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment offavors, gifts,invitations,and the like. Sotypicalisit for indebtedness toaccompany the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged ”has becomea synonym for “thank you, ”not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation that goes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so widespread that after intensive study, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society that does not subscribe to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your a nswers onANSWERSHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent toestablish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in Europeansocieties. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kingsand governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historicdecisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect onthe shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and thechurches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom wheretheemphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of allthe American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of allindividuals tocontrol their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a rulingnoble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2)There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet,achieving both financialand emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3)A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race andsucceed inthe game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class systemdeveloped in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrantshavetraditionallycome to the United State s is tohave a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United Statesappeared tobe a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches ”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve materialsuccess. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and italso became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work hasbeen both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughou t their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people ’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidat e for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the Americancharacter. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue toexplore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42.Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining Americanvalues?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC.DefinitionD.Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadlyexplosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gaveprizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and — perhaps mostimportantly — peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though mostcountries have asystem of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good intheir countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds ofthings.(3)The Oscars are probably t he most famous, a time for the (mostly) Americanfilmindustry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give eachother awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes,evidently for the same thing.(4) But it ’s not only films---there are alsoGrammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and theMTV for music. InBritain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see theirdifficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Codefor popularity. TheTurner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists— each year it causes controversy byapparently givin g lots of money to artists who do thingslike displayin g thei r beds, puttinganimals in glass cases or — this year — building a garden shed.(5) Awards don ’t onlyexist fo r arts. Thereare now awards for Sports Personality of the Year,forEuropeanFootballe r of the Yearand World Footballe r of th eYear. Thisseems very strange —sometimes awards can be good to giverecognitionto people whodeserve it , or to help people whodon ’t make a lot of money carr y on their work withoutworrying about finances, but professiona l soccer players these dayscertainly aren’tshort of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own awardceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated fromhighschool or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for “Innovation in English Language Teaching ”.(7)Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently?Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith orCharles Dickens.(8) It would be possibleto say,however, that in the past,scientists and artistscouldwin “patronage ”form rich people — a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists moneyto have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With thechange in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific researchis now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins anOscar, manymore people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, manymore people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen byhundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group s ells lots morerecords.(11)Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. Thismeans that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors.The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a “Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, butlet me ask you a question — how far do you think that publicity and marketing arewinninghere, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author ’s tone when he mentions awards such as theOscars, the GoldenGlobes and Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A.Amused.B.Appreciative.C.Sarcastic.D.Serious.44.A ccording to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45.W hich of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A.Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B.Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C.Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D.Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46.A ccording to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists inthe past and those at present lies in_____________.A.nature of workB.personal contactC.source of fundingD.social status47.I t can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A.promote market rather than achievementsB.do good to both market and popularityC.help those who are really talentedD.are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs.Mallardsufferedfrom ahearttrouble,great care wastakentobreak to her as gently as possible the news of herhusband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Herhusband Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaperoffice when news of the’s friendrailroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard ’s nameleading the list of“killed ”. He hadonly taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3)She wept at once, in her sister ’s arms. When the storm of sadness hadspent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4)There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this shesank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reachinto hersoul.(5)She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6)T here were patches of blue sky showing here and there through theclouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7)She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair,quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her,as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8)She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare inher eyes, whose gaze was fixed away offyonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9)There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it,fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name.But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through thesounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10)Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize thisthing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back withher will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11)When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips.She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the lookofterror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12)She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tenderhands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her,fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a longprocession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And sheopened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13)There would be no one to live for her during those coming years;she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her inthat blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right toimpose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14)And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What didit matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of thispossession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free! ”she kept whispering.(16)Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill.What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir( 长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18)Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Springdays, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. Shebreathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she hadthought with a shudder that life might be long.(19)She arose at length and opened the door to her sister'simportunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carriedherself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist,and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them atthe bottom.(20)Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It wasBrently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying hisgripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and didnot even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry;at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21)But Richards was too late.(22)When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband ’s death?A. Her husband ’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49.W hen Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A.sat in an armchair all the timeB.sat with her back facing the windowC.sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50.H ow did she feel about her love towards her husband?A.She hated her husband.B.She was indifferent now.C.She found it hard to describe.D.She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the mostfundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52.What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels. ”according to Para. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53.What conclusion can be drawn fromPara. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54.W hat was Mrs Mallard ’s mood when she was left alone in theroom? Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease — of joy that kills. What do youthink is the real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead ”husband.PART VI WRITING(略 )您好，欢迎您阅读我的文章，本WORD 文档可编辑修改，也可以直接打印。

2018年英语专业四级真题及答案解析(1/1)PART I DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.Play00:0007:40Volume__________下一题(1~10/共10题)PART ⅡLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk.You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY.While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk.When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work. Play00:0004:19VolumeⅠ. Critical ageDecline of babies´ language learning ability occurs at the age of__1__.Ⅱ. Lab work1. Research focus:How babies learn __2__ in the first critical period2. Research aims:developing a model for babies in their critical periods of-language acquisition-social, emotional and __3__ development3. Research process:Babies need to listen.They are trained to turn their heads when __4__.A panda bear pounds a drum if babies are correct.4. Participants:__5__ babies5. Results:Babies can __6__ of all languages.Babies become language-bound before __7__.-sound reaction between American and Japanese babies-6 to 8 months old: __8__-two months later: __9__Two events during the critical two months-__10__when listening to a language-change of babies´ brains when distributions growⅢ. ConclusionLanguage learning may slow down when sound distributions become stable.第1题第2题第3题第4题第5题第6题第7题第8题第9题第10题上一题下一题(11~15/共10题)SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations.At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY.After each question there will be a ten-second pause.During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now listen to the conversations.Play00:0004:04Volume第11题A.Many foreign languages are spoken in Britain.B.Everyone in Britain can speak a foreign language.C.The British are unable to speak a foreign language.D.The British can survive on their mother tongue.第12题A.Chinese.B.Polish.C.Punjabi.D.Urdu.第13题A.To help improve international trade.B.To allow a speaker to hold a simple talk.C.To improve the education system.D.To encourage learning another language.第14题A.It gives you self-satisfaction.B.It makes you more confident.C.It gives you an advantage.D.It makes you work hard.第15题A.Workmates.B.Schoolmates.C.Teacher and student.D.Brother and sister.上一题下一题(16~20/共10题)SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations.At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY.After each question there will be a ten-second pause.During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now listen to the conversations.Play00:0004:19Volume第16题A.An unreasonable fear.B.A dangerous event.C.A small probability.D.A risk-assessing ability.第17题A.One in one million.B.One in four million.C.One in fourteen millionD.One in forty million.第18题A.Future events.B.Catastrophic events.C.Small-scale disasters.D.Smoking hazards.第19题A.Traveling by air.B.Riding a bicycle.C.Catching bird flu.D.Smoking cigarettes.第20题A.They get pleasure from risks.B.They can control potential risks.C.They can assess danger from risks.D.They have strong needs for risks.上一题下一题(1/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words orphrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第21题The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo ______ ancient Egypt´s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A.has been believed to have beenB.was believed to beC.is believed to have beenD.is believed to be上一题下一题(2/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第22题U.S. News ______ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to a university campus.A.maintainsB.is maintainingC.maintainedD.has been maintaining上一题下一题(3/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第23题He was lured into a crime he would not ______ have committed.A.actuallyB.otherwiseC.accidentallyD.seldom上一题下一题(4/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第24题She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of ______ mountains behind the apple orchard.A.Virginia blue hazyB.Virginia hazy blueC.hazy blue VirginiaD.blue hazy Virginia上一题下一题(5/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第25题I long to alleviate ______, but I cannot.A.the evilB.evilC.evilsD.an evil上一题下一题(6/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第26题Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______.A.warB.are warC.of warD.are of war上一题下一题(7/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第27题At ______, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A.its most basicB.its basicC.the most basicD.the basic上一题下一题(8/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第28题She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase "only to learn" is used ______.A.to express an intended purposeB.to indicate a high degree of possibilityC.to reveal an undesirable consequenceD.to dramatize a stated fact上一题下一题(9/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第29题Which of the following underlined words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A.I wonder what´s behind this change of plan.B.Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C.This work should have been finished yesterday. I´m getting terribly behind.D.I suppose I´m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.上一题下一题(10/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第30题My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The underline part in the sentence expresses ______.A.a hypothesisB.a suggestionC.a contradictionD.a surprise上一题下一题(11/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第31题When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ______, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A.justiceB.testimonyC.trialD.verdict上一题下一题(12/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第32题______, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A.QuestionablyB.ArguablyC.ContentiouslyD.Debatably上一题下一题(13/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第33题Prices have recently risen in order to ______ the increased cost of raw materials.A.cutB.buoyC.offsetD.offer上一题下一题(14/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第34题The celebrity says in court papers she "has no ______ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce."A.recommendationB.recordingC.recognitionD.recollection上一题下一题(15/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第35题What actually ______ a good angle—or a good selfie overall—is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A.consistsB.constitutesposesD.constructs上一题下一题(16/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第36题The school is going the ______ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A.finalB.furtherC.supplementaryD.extra上一题下一题(17/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第37题The teachers´ union ______ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing "deplorable" schoolconditions.A.filedB.firedC.finedD.filled上一题下一题(18/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第38题Last March the ______ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A.debrisB.ruinsC.remainsD.wreck上一题下一题(19/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第39题She´s worn his designs on ______ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A.numericalB.numeralC.countlessD.countable上一题下一题(20/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第40题A leading ______ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A.oceangoingB.oceanicC.marineD.maritime上一题下一题(41~50/共10题)PART ⅣCLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.The words can be used ONCE ONLY.Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.[A].accompanies [B].automatically[C].couple [D].goes[E].indebtedness [F].kind[G].manner [H].mercifully[I].one [J].obey[K].renowned [L].subscribe[M].unknown [N].virtue[O].widespreadA few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response he received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of the __41__ professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they __42__ sent one in return. This study shows the action of one of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in__43__, what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her __44__ in return; if a man sends us a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if a __45__ invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By __46__ of the reciprocity rule, then, we are obliged to the future repayment of favors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is it for __47__ to accompany the receipt of such things that a term like "much obliged" has become a synonym for "thank you," not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation that __48__ with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so __49__ that after intensive study, sociologists can report that there is no human society that does not __50__ to the rule.第41题第42题第43题第44题第45题第46题第47题第48题第49题第50题上一题下一题(51~52/共10题)PART ⅤREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions.For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.(1) The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies which were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches andeliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all American values. By "freedom," Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe that they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has an equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the US.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as a race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a "land of plenty" where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase "going from rags to riches" became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people´s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.第51题Para. 4 seems to suggest that ______.A.Americans are born with a sense of competitionB.the pressure of competition begins when one starts workpetition results in equality of opportunitiesD.successful competition is essential in American society第52题Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?parison.B.Cause and effect.C.Definition.D.Process analysis.上一题下一题(53~57/共10题)PART ⅤREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions.For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and—perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system for recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and awards ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3) The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is, an annual opportunity for big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, apparently for the same thing.(4) But it´s not only films—now there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV and Q awards for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with "The Da Vinci Code" for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for a British contemporary artist—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving a lot of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year—building a garden shed.(5) Awards don´t only exist for the arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don´t make much money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren´t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own awards ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for "Innovation in English Language Teaching".(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win "patronage" from rich people—a king or a lord would give the artist or scientist money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. Scientific research is now either funded by the government or by private companies.(9) Perhaps awards ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells a lot more records.(11) Most awards ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits—but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a "win-win" situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?第53题What is the author´s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes and Grammies (Paras.3&4)?A.Amused.B.Appreciative.C.Sarcastic.D.Serious.第54题According to Para.4, what would happen to award winning writers?A.They would enjoy a much larger readership.B.They would turn to popular novel writing.C.They would continue non-fiction writing.D.They would try controversial forms of art.第55题Which of the following statements best sums up Para.6?A.Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B.Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C.Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D.Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.第56题According to Para.8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at present lies in ______.A.nature of workB.personal contactC.source of fundingD.social status第57题It can be concluded from Para.12 that the author thinks awards ______.A.do good to both market and popularityB.promote market rather than achievementsC.help those who are really talentedD.are effective in making people popular上一题下一题(58~60/共10题)PART ⅤREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions.For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was suffering from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband´s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband´s friendRichards was there, too, near her. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard´s name leading the list of "killed". He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister´s arms. When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which some one was singing reached her faintly, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines indicated repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed out there on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and thus hard to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will—as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: ´free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him—sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15) "Free! Body and soul free!" she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg, open the door—you will make yourself ill. What are you doing Louise? For heaven´s sake open the door."。

（完整版）2018.4.21大学英语专业四级真题语言知识部分答案详细解析2018.4.21 大学英语专业四级真题语言知识部分答案详细解析11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cario ______ ancient Egypt pyramid.A.has been believed to have beenB.was believed to beC.is believed to have been believed to be ’ s first attempt to-sidebuild a smooth解析： C. is believed to have been. 位于 Cariof 附近的弯曲金字塔被认为是古埃及第一次尝试建造的一个表面光滑的金字塔。

背景相关知识，弯曲金字塔，是公元前2600 年由第一位法老萨夫罗修建的，位于距离 Cario 西南 27 公里处的地区，它是仅存的表面平滑金字塔之一，塔身弯曲。

考点分析，sb/sth be believed to do/to be doing/tohave done用法 , sb/sth be believed todo(将来时态，代表某人某物被认为将要做某事），Lucy is believed to go to London. Lucy 被认为将要去伦敦。

（没去）；sb/sth be believed to be doing(现在时态，某人或某事物正在做某事) ，Lucy is believed to going to London. Lucy 被认为正在去伦敦的路上。

（在去的路上）；sb/sth be believed to have done(过去时态，代表某人某事物被认为应该做过某事)，Lucy isbelieved to have gone to London. Lucy 被认为去过伦敦。

（已经去了）。

拓展句型，The refugees from Syria are believed to have committedvarious crimes in Germany sinceJune 2015. 人们相信叙利亚来的难民自 2015 年 6 月份以来已经在德国犯下了各种罪行。

专四18年真题及答案解析专四考试是一项重要的英语水平测试，对于想要研究生学位或海外留学的学生来说，取得良好的成绩是至关重要的。

而了解往年的真题及其答案解析，可以帮助考生更好地了解考试的要求，提高复习的针对性和效果。

本文将对2018年的专四真题进行解析和探讨。

第一部分：听力理解专四的听力理解部分共有4篇短文，每篇短文后有5个问题。

这一部分主要考察学生对于听力材料的理解能力和信息筛选能力，同时也对学生的英语听力水平进行测试。

以下是2018年专四听力部分的一则短文：The Meaning of DreamsDreams have always fascinated people. But throughout history, many people have disagreed about what dreams really mean.Some people believe that our dreams simply reflect our thoughts and feelings during the day. These people think that when we dream, our brains try to make sense out of all the information we receive. So if you are worried about something during the day, you may dream about it at night.On the other hand, some people believe that our dreams have a deeper meaning. They believe that our dreams mayreveal our hidden fears or desires. They think that even the strangest dreams can give us clues about who we really are.Finally, some people believe that dreams are just a way for our brains to relax. They think that when we are awake,our brains are very busy processing information. So when we sleep, our brains create dream images to help us unwind and relax.根据上面短文，以下是相关的问题及答案解析：1. What do some people believe dreams reflect?Some people believe that dreams reflect our thoughts and feelings during the day. According to them, our dreams areour brain's way of making sense of the information we receive.2. What do other people believe dreams reveal?Other people believe that dreams may reveal our hidden fears or desires. According to them, even the strangestdreams can provide clues to our true selves.3. According to some people, what is the function of dreams?Some people think that dreams are a way for our brainsto relax. They believe that when we sleep, our brains create dream images to help us unwind and relax.通过这一部分的解析和讨论，考生可以了解到专四听力理解部分的形式和要求。

（完整版）2018英语专四真题及参考答案2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfie overall —is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the responsehe received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned aone of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule forus a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if athe reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation thatstudy, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society thatPART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for“Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had neverlooked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upona fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir(长⽣不⽼药) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental? Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.” according to Para. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease —of joy that kills. What do you think is the real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead” husband.PART VI WRITING(略)。