2020新课标高考艺考英语复习教师用书：第一板块专题二第一讲 名词和冠词

姓名，年级：时间：第一讲名词和冠词名词考查主要集中在词类转换和单复数（涉及主谓一致）方面，明确句中所需词汇的词性是解题的关键。

冠词是语法填空与短文改错的必考点，习惯用法和固定搭配是其主要考查方向.命题趋势：1.对冠词的考查将集中在冠词的基本用法和习惯搭配上；2．名词考点主要集中在给出词根进行词类转化、名词的可数与不可数、名词复数形式的变化上.考点一名词的固定搭配1．动词have，keep,take,make，get，pay，play，give，put等加名词构成的短语have a good reputation 有个好的名声have an idea of 了解have a sense of 有……意识have a feeling of 有……感觉have access to 可以获得have an advantage over 胜过，优于keep a balance 保持平衡take…into account 考虑……take advantage of 利用,趁……之机make fun of 取笑，嘲弄make the best of 充分利用,妥善处理get/lose contact with 与……取得/失去联系get relief 得到缓解give a solution 给出解决方案put…into practice 将……付诸行动①You are working too hard。

You'd better keep a balance between work and relaxation。

你工作太努力了。

你最好使工作和休息相平衡。

②The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients，so he has a very good reputation.那个医生擅长治疗心脏病，并且从来不接受病人的礼物，所以他享有非常好的名声。

第八讲定语从句和名词性从句定语从句是高考考查的重点，也是必考点之一，语法填空主要考查关系代词、关系副词的选用，故分清句子结构，搞清定语从句部分缺少何种成分至关重要。

语法填空考查形式均为无提示词型填空。

定语从句的重要性还体现在书面表达上，它属于高级句式，对提升文章的档次起着举足轻重的作用。

如何确定填关系代词或关系副词[思考趋向]1．依据句子成分，先确定是定语从句还是名词性从句，然后判定先行词，再判定关系词在从句中所作成分，最后确定填关系代词或关系副词。

2．知晓并列句与定语从句的主要区别在于：并列句是由and，but等并列连词连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。

[典例感悟][典例1](2018·浙江卷6月)Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.详细分析：who/that[此处缺少引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语的关系代词，故用who 或that。

][典例2](2018·江苏卷)Self-driving is an area________China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.详细分析：where[句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界上其他国家处于同一条起跑线上的领域。

考查定语从句。

设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词an area。

将先行词代入定语从句后为China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line in_the_area.由此可知先行词与表地点的介词in一起在定语从句中作地点状语，所以要用关系副词where。

第二讲　推理判断题[整体感知·明方向]推理判断题是阅读理解的另一重要题型，属于深层理解类试题，要求考生在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系及细节的分析，进行推理和判断，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。

推理判断题通常占阅读理解总题数的20%～35%，仅次于细节理解题。

为更好地区分考生，这几年对推理判断题的考查，难度呈上升趋势。

[常见设问方式]　熟悉4种常考题型1．细节推理判断题细节推理判断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。

一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。

该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：It can be inferred from the text that ________.It can be concluded from the passage that ________.The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that ________.2．观点、态度推理判断题该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：The attitude of the author towards somebody/something is ________.The author's attitude towards...can be best described as ________.The tone of this passage is best described as ________.3．写作意图推理判断题该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：The main purpose of this text is ________.What's the author's purpose in writing this article?It can be concluded that the passage is mainly written for ________.The author writes this passage to ________.The author in this passage intends to________.4．文章出处推理判断题该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：This passage most likely comes from ________.In which part of a newspaper can you most probably read the text?Where does the text most probably come from?From which is the text probably taken?[正确选项特征]1．不是文中直接或明确说明的内容，是间接表达出来的，除符合文章主旨外，还符合逻辑，让考生有推敲的余地。

姓名，年级：时间：Unit 2English around the world阅读单词1.elevator n．电梯；升降机2．identity n。

本身；本体；身份3．apartment n。

（美)公寓住宅；单元住宅4．cab n。

出租车5。

lightning n．闪电6．subway n．地下人行道；（美)地铁7．conquer vt。

征服；占领8．usage n．使用;用法;词语惯用法9。

block n．街区;块；木块;石块10．enrich vt. 使富裕；充实；改善11．dialect n．方言12．accent n．口音；腔调；重音写作单词1。

official adj。

官方的；正式的;公务的2．native adj。

本国的；本地的n. 本地人；本国人3．base vt。

以……为根据n. 基部；基地;基础4．command n．&vt。

命令；指令;掌握5．request n。

＆vt。

请求；要求6．straight adv. 直接；挺直adj. 直的;笔直的；正直的7．voyage n。

航行；航海8．spelling n。

拼写；拼法9．vocabulary n。

词汇;词汇量；词表［语境活用]1．Everyone knows conversations starting with weather。

speak are not requests (要求)for weather data。

2．Go straight (直接)down the road until you come to the English language school.3．He hated being in the army because he had to obey commands (命令）．4．Both English and French are official (官方的)languages in Canada.5．She was born in Germany and her native （本国的）language is German.6．The voyage （航行）from England to India used to take six months。

新课标高考英语语法专题复习知识点讲解精编版MQS system office room 【MQS16H-TTMS2A-MQSS8Q8-MQSH16898】语法专题（附参考答案）专题一冠词I、重点难点解析冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。

下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行总结，1. 冠词的位置2.不定冠词3. 定冠词4. 零冠词5. 英语中含有冠词的词组辩析英语中有不少词组，从形式看好象只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的新词组。

1. in front of 在……（外）的前面 ; in the front of 在……（内）的前面There’s a garden in front of the classroom.There’s a blackboard in the front of the classroom.2. in charge of 掌管；负责; in the charge of 在……负责之下An experienced worker is in charge of the project.The project is in the charge of an experienced worker.3. at table 在用饭；吃饭时; at the table 在桌旁He seldom talks at table.They sat at the table, talking and laughing.4. by day 白天；日间 ; by the day 按日计He works in an office by day.Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day.5. take place 发生；举行 ; take the place 代替；接替When did this conversation take place?Electric train has now taken the place of steam trains in England.6. in words 用言语 ; in a word 总之Please express your thought in words.In a word, I don’t trust you.7. at times 有时；不时 ; at a time 一次I do feel a little nervous at times.Pass me the bricks two at a time.8. little 少；不多的 ; a little 一些；一点点Hurry up, there’s little time left.Don’t hurry, you still have a little time.9. few 很少；几乎没有的; a few 有些；几个He is a man of few words.Only a few of the children can read.most interesting 非常有趣的 ; the most interesting 最有趣的（形容词的最高级）This is a most interesting story.This is the most interesting story of the three.doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士 ; a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士A doctor and nurse is standing there.A doctor and a nurse are standing there.number of 许多；好些; the number of …（的）数目A number of students are in the classroom.The number of students in the classroom is forty.II、实战演练（一）．用适当的冠词填空，不需要的划“\”., could I speak to Mr. Smith?---Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.2. I know you don't like _______ music very much. But what do you think of _______ music in thefilm we saw yesterday?3. --- I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over ______ keyboard. --- You shouldn't put drinks near ________ computer.4. Of all _______ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father's advice was_______ most important one.5. According to _________World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities toprevent _________ spread of AIDS.6.. For him ____ stage is just ___ means of making a living.7. I think it really _______ honor for me to speak here..8. This lab used to be in _______ charge of Mr. Wang.9 I know there is ______ Mr. Smith next door, who has gone on ________ business.10 He devotes most of his time to _______ football. And I am sure he promises ________ excellentfootballer.11 Don’t lose heart. Please have ______ se cond try.12 Those who are rich should help ______ poor.13 When stealing the thief was caught by ______ arm by a policeman.14 In some factories workers get paid by ______ piece.15 It is a bad habit to go to work without ______ breakfast.16 John is _______ university student from ______ European country.17 Teachers play _______ active and important part in building up students’ character.18 _______ Zhangs live on the second floor.19 Cotton is grown in _______ north of China.20 It is known to us all that _______ light travels faster than _______ sound.21 A tower is seen in _______ distance.22In case of fire please press _______ red button.23 Shenzhen has ________ population of more than 10 million.24_______ days I spent with Catherine in Beijing were so wonderful.25A bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in ______ leg.26He loved writing and his first novel was ______ great success when it came out.27 My brother was born in _______ spring of 1990.28 Mr. Smith is ______ most learned scholar and you can turn to him for help.29 How sweetly she sings! I have never heard _______ better voice.30 Beijing is ______ second largest city in China.31 My trip to Tibet was really ________ unforgettable experience.32 This watch is _______ 18th century watch, which has been passed down from my great grandpa.（二）语法填空在括号中填入适当的冠词There once was a king who offered 1 prize to 2 artist who would paint 3 best picture of peace. Many artist tried. The king looked at all 4 pictures. But there were only two he really liked, and he had to choose between them.One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky withfluffy white clouds. All who saw this picture thought it was 5 perfect picture of peace.The other picture had mountains, too. But these were rugged and bare. Above was 6 angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightning played. Down 7 side of the mountain tumbled(翻腾) a foaming(水泡) waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.But when the king looked closely, he saw behind 8 waterfall atiny bush growing in a crack in the rock. In the bush 9 mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the rush of angry water, sat the mother bird on her nest-in perfect peace.The king chose 10 second picture.答案：I 1 a 2 /; the 3 the; a 4. the; the 5 the;the 6 the; a 7 an 8 the 9 a; / 10 /; an 11 a 12 the 13the 14 the 15 the 16 a; a 17 an 18 The 19 the 20 /; /21 the 22the 23 a 24 The 25 the 26a 27the 28a 29a30 the 31 an 32 anII 1 a 2 the 3 the 4. the 5 a 6 an 7 the 8 the9 a 10. the专题二名词I、重点难点解析名词的高考命题导向名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。

语法专题复习方略第一讲名词和冠词Ⅰ用适当的冠词填空' go to cinema－that' tae our mind off the 29米e to reaie that the houd go on baanced diet and mae room in their da for eercie解析：泛指平衡饮食，应该用不定冠词。

答案：acoudn't remember when he firt met ，but he wa ure itwa Sunda becaue everbod wa at church解析：句意：虽然George记不起他第一次见的时间，但他确信是个星期天，因为大家都去做礼拜。

该空表示泛指，用不定冠词。

答案：ai e a univerit miion委任，代理，佣金；reeaure措施，虽然填入本题也说得过去，但不够贴切；ae it difficut for ae hagination想象力；iion允许；ut ue our own解析：udgement判断；oedicine forfu­time writing解析：ent治疗，待遇。

答案：Dod man got into the of toring mone under the bed解析：get into the habit of doing th意为“养成了做……的习惯”。

habit指个人的习惯；cutom则指社会的风俗习惯；tradition传统；ue用途。

答案：Btuc on the outide of the enveo the on hi face 解析：eent ha ot a great dea of becaue of the arge increae in foodent协定，协议；vote作为“选票”解时，是可数名词，所以不能与a great dea of 搭配。

第1讲名词和数词[全国卷考情分析]题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of thereview also made a study published in 2014 whichshowed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of runningreduced the risk of heart disease and early deathsfrom all causes (cause)．2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain, you canrun on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills andget good running shoes.3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreasedpollution(pollute) in the country's major lakes andreservoirs and made drinking water safer forpeople.4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm a scientist (science) whostudies animals such as apes and monkeys.1.给出名词提示词，考查名词的数。

2．不同词性和词形之间的相互变化。

考点一名词的数[先试做题组]单句语法填空1．(2019·嘉兴测试)Portman's educational background has influenced one of her projects(project)．2．(2019·武昌区调研)Driven by the curiosity(curious) in my heart, I came to China and took part in a cruise(乘船度假) along part of the river last year.3．(2019·福建省高三质检)“Alaya, you don't have to do this if you don't want to. Nobody is forcing you.” Though I said I wasn't going to do it, my feet(foot)carried me toward the pool.[再解读要点]名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。

专题01 冠词、名词、代词、介词和介词短语五年(2020-2024)高考英语真题分类汇编(新高考专用)第一部分：冠词考点五年考情分布考点1 a(n)的用法2023新课标I卷a; 2021新课标I卷a。

考点2 the的用法2024新课标I卷the2023新课标II卷the;2022新课标I卷the;2022新课标II卷the;2020新课标II卷the2020新课标I卷pan前加the；2020新课标I卷the改成a。

一.命题趋向1.考查不定冠词a和an的区别。

2.考查使用不定冠词的基本用法。

3.考查使用不定冠词的固定搭配。

4.考查使用定冠词的基本用法。

5.考查使用定冠词的固定搭配。

二.技巧点拨技巧一注意泛指还是特指如果空格后的名词或“形容词＋名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。

1．如果空格及后面的名词在文中第一次出现，可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”，一般填a/an；如果是前文已经提到过，可翻译成“这/那个，这/那些”，一般填the。

2．如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。

技巧二注意固定搭配考点一：不定冠词a(n)1.(2023新课标I卷)The meat should be fresh with ________ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.2.(2021新课标I卷)While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ________ must to visit!考点二：定冠词the3.(2024新课标I卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ________ first time.4.(2024年浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions(份). Then, when you use one section, ________ other stays fresh.5.(2023新课标II卷)Not the pandas, even though ________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.6.(2023浙江1月卷)In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect ________ culture of grassroots Beijingers.7.(2022新课标I卷)Covering an area about three times ________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.8.(2022新课标II卷)________ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.9.(2022年浙江1月)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ________ time, they agreed.10.(2021浙江卷)________ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.11.(2020新课标II卷)The plum trees are ________ first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化).12.(2020浙江卷)Then，with ________ rise of science，changes began.第二部分：名词考点五年考情分布考点1动词/名词转换为名词2024新课标I卷--engineering; 2023新课标II卷--arrival;2021新课标II卷--representative;2020新课标II卷--celebration考点2形容词转换为名词2024新课标I卷--richness; 2020新课标I卷--interest; 2020新课标III卷--curiosity; 2020新课标卷--accuracy。

高三英语(课标全国卷)冠词和名词原卷版1. 掌握不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词的基本用法。

2. 掌握名词的“数”及名词的复数形式的构成。

3. 掌握名词所有格和常见名词构词法。

一、冠词基础知识(一)冠词用法思维导图(二)定冠词the的十大典型用法考点1：表示双方都知道的人或事物。

Would you mind turning down the radio a little? The baby is sleeping.请把收音机音量调小点好吗?婴儿在睡觉。

考点2：表示特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物。

(第一次提到用“a或an”以后再次提到用“the”)Do you know the girl in red? 你认识那个穿红衣服的女孩么?考点3：表示世界上独一无二的事物。

As is known to us, the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。

考点4：用在序数词，形容词最高级前面，以及对特定的两个人或事物进行比较时的比较级前。

Liu Yang is the first woman who has been into space in China.在中国，刘洋是第一位进入太空的女性。

He is the tallest student in our class.他是我们班个子最高的。

考点5：用在姓氏的复数名词前表示一家人或夫妻俩。

The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。

考点6：用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。

the West Lake 西湖考点7：与某些形容词连用表示一类人。

the poor 穷人the rich富人the wounded伤员考点8：用在表示方位或西洋乐器名称的名词之前。

Jilin is in the north of China. 吉林位于中国的北部。

乐器前一定要加定冠词。

第1讲名词和冠词(一) 名词[析考点·规律探密] 真题体验透视命题规律课提示：对应学生用书第8页语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。

短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转换等。

解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等，判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词。

【考点练悟】(单句语法填空)1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'mascientist(science) whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Shehasturneddownseveralinvitations (invitation) tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.3．(2016·四川卷)Anysmellmightattractnaturalenemies_ (enemy) thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.4．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdays (day) withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle­fed, theotheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.5．(2018·桂林市联考)Tothem，lifeisa_competition (compete)—theyhavetodobetterthantheirpeerstobehappy.6．(2018·济南期末检测)Julieisoneofthewomen(woman) whoalwayskeepupwiththelatestfashions.7．(2018·漳州市八校联考) Chances (chance) arethatyouwillreceivethreedifferentanswers.8．(2018·昆明第一中学适应性训练)Engelbart, theinventorofthecomputermouse, developedthemouseinthe1960sasausefultooltoassistthecomputer, obtainingapatentforitlongbeforethemouse's(mouse) widespreaduse.[规律总结]1．提示词为名词时，分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变，则一般考查所给名词的复数形式；如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。

第2讲　代词　[学生用书P163][考点一]　人称代词、物主代词及反身代词　人称代词物主代词代词数人称主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称我I me my mine myself 第二人称你you you your yours yourself 他he him his his himself 她she her her hers herself 单数第三人称它it it its its itself 第一人称我们we us our ours ourselves 第二人称你们you you your yours yours elves 复数第三人称他们theythemtheirtheirsthems elves[对点演练]单句语法填空1．(2019·河北邯郸一模)Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house.“She thought I had hurt myself (I)．”says Pahlsson.2．(2020·江西六校联考)A world­famous Italian composer added the song to his opera Turandot .The song's appearing in the opera's first public performance in 1926 helped improve its (it) global fame.3．Questions about finance and economics ，as well as health attract the most people and offer a new way to celebrities(名人) to translate their (they) fame into cash.4．At first she took my hands in hers (she) and she listened patiently as I mentioned my worries.[考点二]　it 的用法　1．指代时间、天气和距离。