中考英语语法知识专题(1)名词、名词所有格课件(含答案)

无生命的名词 时间、距离…… 其他
在词尾加-'s或-' 用“of＋名词”结构
双重所有格
of＋-'s所有格 of＋名词性物主代词
例词 Tony's pen the students' textbooks Teachers’ Day Women's Day Children's Day Lucy and Lily's mother Lucy's and Lily's beds twenty minutes' walk today's newspaper a photo of my family a friend of her mother's a friend of mine
teacher，apple family，police water，bread love，knowledge
1
(二)名词的数： 名词按事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1．可数名词：①有复数；②单数前加a/an。 2．不可数名词：①无复数；②不能用a, an 修饰。 (1)可数名词复数形式的不规则变化
物质 名词
抽象 名词
食物 饮料 自然物质 情感 概念 学科，语言
bread，meat，rice，cheese，fish，beef water，tea，coffee，wine，milk，cola wood，sand，soil，air friendship，peace，joy，love news，population maths，physics，geography，English
11
考点一 名词的分类
1．(2016·中考改编)The students didn't find much________about the topic on that
website.( C )
A. report
B． article
C． information
பைடு நூலகம்
2．(2016·中考改编)—Look at my stamps.
stomach problem.( B )
A. style
B． diet
C． smell
6．(2016·中考改编)The Chinese saying “A tree can’t make a forest” tells us
that________ is very important in a football match.( C )
—They are very beautiful! You’ve got a wonderful__________.( C )
A. instruction
B． description
C． collection
3．(2016·中考改编)—My favorite TV________is A Bite of China(舌尖上的中国)．
9
名词所有格
(一)名词所有格表示人或物的隶属和所有关系，有两种表示形式：
1．有生命的名词后加-'s。
2．无生命的名词后加of介词短语。
类型
构成方法
在词尾加-'s
有生命的名词 (人或动物)
以-s结尾的名词只加-' 不规则复数名词在词尾加-'s 两人共同拥有某物用A and B's
两人分别拥有某物用A's and B's
B． part
C． reason
8．(2016·中考改编)—There are a lot of________of bike riding.
—I agree. It’s good for the environment and it saves money.( C )
A．instructions
B．instruments
情况
特殊 名词
构成方法 变内部元音
单复数同形 完全不规则
例词 man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth—
teeth Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish (中国人和日本人喜爱绵羊、鹿和鱼) penny—pence，child—children，mouse—mice
以s，x, ch， sh 等结尾
加-es
bus—buses，box—boxes， watch—watches，wish—wishes
一般情况
加-s
book—books，table—tables
4
(3)不可数名词：分为抽象名词和物质名词，表数量时要用“基数词或不定冠词 ＋量词＋of＋不可数名词”，注意of后的名词只能用原形。如：a piece of news, two pieces of bread。
8
5．表时间、金钱、距离的名词作主语时，视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 Ten years is (be) a very long time. 6．常考的不可数名词 room＝space 空间；空地 There is no room to put the desk here. news，information，advice，weather，music，pollution, population... 7．exercise 作不可数名词，意为“锻炼”。作可数名词意为“练习；操”。 We should take more exercise.It’s good for our health. Doing more eye exercises is good for our eyesight. To get high scores we should do many math exercises every day.
—I like it, too. My mother often cooks delicious food after watching it.( B )
A. guidebook
B． program
C． instruction
12
4．(2016·中考改编)─Someone called you just now.
A. chickens
B． chicken
C． a chicken
2．(2016·中考改编)—I have great________in finishing the work by myself. Can you
help me?
—No problem.( C ) A. fun
B． success
C． difficulty
10
(二)名词所有格考点 1．表几十分钟的路程的短语：ten minutes' walk＝a ten－minute walk 2．双重所有格和一般所有格的区别：a photo of my sister's (照片属于我姐姐，但 照片上的人不一定是我姐姐)；a photo of my sister (照片上的人是我姐姐) 3．名词所有格表住宅，学校，店铺，诊所(这些名词常省略) the Green’s 格林一家 at the doctor’s在诊所
15
3 ． (2016· 中 考 改 编 )At night in Zunyi, we can see many colorful lights on
2
国人变复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余一般s加后面。
China
Chinese
Chinese
Japan
Japanese
Japanese
England
Englishman
Englishmen
France
Frenchman
Frenchmen
Germany
German
Germans
America
American
A．ability
B． decision
C． teamwork
13
7．(2016·中考改编)—A study shows that good habits play a very important________
in children’s education.
—I think so.( B ) A. sense
C．advantages
14
考点二 名词的数
1．(2016·中考改编)—Mum, I’ve heard that we can’t eat________these days. Is it
true?
—Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.( B )
7
2．man，woman 作定语修饰名词时，当表示复数意义时，man, woman 及所修饰 的名词均要用复数形式。如：men teachers，women teachers。其余只有后一个名词用 复数如：boy students，girl students, apple trees。
3．短语“a/this/that pair of ＋复数名词”作主语时，动词用单数。 How much is (be) this pair of shoes? That pair of pants is (be )mine. 4．“名词＋介词(with/except...)＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数由介词前的名 词决定。 Lucy with her friends goes (go) to the park every Sunday.
5
名词的形容词转换： n．＋y rain—rainy cloud—cloudy sun—sunny luck—lucky health—healthy n．＋ful use—useful harm—harmful beauty—beautiful care—careful wonder— wonderful thank—thankful n．＋less useless care—careless help—helpless n．＋ly friend—friendly love—lovely month—monthly n．＋n Asia—Asian America—American Australia—Australian n．＋en wool—woolen wood—wooden gold—golden
—I know. But I was busy at that time. When I called back, there was no ________.
A. voice
B． sound
C． answer
( C)
5．(2016·中考改编)He will have to watch his ________because of his serious
Americans
Australia
Australian
Australians
India
Indian
Indians
Canada
Canadian
Canadians
Italy
Italian
Italians
Brazil
Brazilian
Brazilians
Singapore
Singaporean
Singaporeans
6
(三)名词考点 1．集体名词：family，people，crowd，class，police (1)指整体时，视为单数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 (2)指成员时，视为复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Her family is (be) very big. 她家是一个大家庭。 Her family are (be) football fans. 她全家人都是足球迷。
Korea
Korean
Koreans
3
(2)可数名词复数形式的规则变化
情况
构成方法
例词 (口诀)
以f或fe结尾
一般变f, fe为v再加 -es
树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄，妻子 (wife)拿刀(knife)去杀狼(wolf)，架(shelf)后 小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。
第三篇 语法知识专题
第一节 名词/名词所有格
名词 (一)名词的分类：名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它分为专有名词和普通名词。
类别
定义
例词
专有名词
表示具体的人名，事物， China，the Great 地名，组织等名称的词。 Wall
可数 普通
名词 不可
数
个体名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词
表个别人或事物的名称 表若干人或事物的名称 表物质或材料的名称 表感情等抽象概念的名称
以o结尾
四个单词加-es， 英雄(hero)和黑人(Negro)喜欢吃西红柿
其余加-s
(tomato)和土豆(potato)
以辅音字母 ＋y结尾
变y为i再加-es
baby—babies，city—cities，
dictionary—dictionaries(monkey— monkeys“元音字母＋y”直接加－s)