现代大学英语精读5课文翻译。。
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大学英语精读5课文翻译大学英语精读5课文翻译大学英语精读5课文翻译店铺已经整理好了,各位同学们,我们大家一起看看吧,欢迎各位阅读!大学英语精读5课文翻译Never, ever give up!永不言弃!As a young boy, Britain's great Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, attended a public school called Harrow. He was not a good student, and had he not been from a famous family, he probably would have been removed from the school for deviating from the rules. Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the university. He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. He achieved fame for his wit, wisdom, civic duty, and abundant courage in his refusal to surrender during the miserable dark days of World War II. His amazing determination helped motivate his entire nation and was an inspiration worldwide.英国的伟大首相温斯顿·丘吉尔爵士,小时候在哈罗公学上学。
1、一番说教也许老师比学生更容易理解,为什么学生在掌握了英语基本结构和句型后英语学习反而变得越来越困难了。
学生们自然感到惊奇并失望地发现本来应该变得越来越容易的学习过程却完全不是那么回事。
学生们并不感到多少安慰,在知道老师在其努力所产生的效果似乎不及一开始明显也会灰心丧气。
他发现那些学生很容易去教,为他们能把所学的知识很快的用于实践。
可现在,他们却面对前阶段中从未学过的大量生词,惯用法显得踌躇不前。
他看到学生们在艰难地努力着,因为他们以前认为已经认识的语言现在似乎充满了令人头昏眼花的成语,陈旧用语以及在不同上下文中有不同含义的惯用词组。
要想让他们相信他们仍朝着精通的方向发展,他们英语就一定提高是很困难的。
并且,只要肯花时间和持之以恒。
有些学生在此情况下厌恶地放弃了学习,这并不出人意外;同时,另一些学生仍然充满希望地盼着老师象开始时那样给他们以满怀信心的指导。
从教师这方面看,由于往往不得不去讲解一些无法说清楚的东西,他常常会对同事们引用一些谚语权充台阶,比如:你能牵马河边走,马不饮水你自愁,或说得比较尊重对方但语法并不严谨:倒不在乎说什么,关键瞧您怎么说。
他的学生则会反唇相讥道:我越学越糊涂。
事实当然并非如此。
师生们正体验着一种共识,即学习中遇到的较复杂的语言结构在表达思想中并非至关重要,因此也就少有可能立刻派上用场。
出于同样的理由,在老师看来,恰当地选择教材变得更困难了。
任选一种食品比从品种繁多的菜单上单挑一道在某个特定日子里你想吃的菜要容易多了。
界定问题易于找出答案。
你可建议学生去讲英语的国家住两三年,这等于撒手不管他们。
没有几个学生陪得起时间花得起钱。
常言道:广泛阅读是最佳替代办法,但读书也应有所选择。
让学生走进图书馆随便拿起他们遇到的第一本书就读,这是无用的。
我会这样劝他们;读无需查字典就懂的书(但并非过眼即懂的书),读你感兴趣的书;读时间允许的书(杂志和报纸,而不是长篇小说,除非你能在一周左右读完它);读现在写的文章,而不是二百年前的文章;读得尽量多一些,并尽量记住写作方法,而不要拘泥于令你困惑的个别单词。
(完整word版)现代大学英语精读5课后翻译现代大学英语精读5课后翻译Lesson 1 Where Do We Go from Here1. A white lie is better than a black lie,一个无关紧要的谎言总比一个善意的谎言要好。
2.To upset this cultural homicide, the Negro must rise up with an affirmation of his own Olympian manhood.为了挫败各种蓄意培植的低人一等的心态,黑人必须直起腰来宣布自己高贵的人格。
3.…with a spirit straining toward true self-esteem, the Negro must boldly throw off the manacles of self-abnegation…黑人必须以一种竭尽全力自尊自重的精神,大胆抛弃自我克制的枷锁。
4.What is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love without power issentimental and anemic.必须懂得没有爱的权力是毫无节制、易被滥用的,而没有权力的爱则是多愁善感、脆弱无力的。
5.It is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality which constitutes the major crisis of our times.正是这种邪恶的权力和没有权势的道义的冲突构成了我们时代的主要危机。
6.Now, early in this century this proposal would have been greeted with ridicule and denunciation, as destructive of initiative and responsibility.在本世纪之初,这种建议会受到嘲笑和谴责,认为它对主动性和责任感起到负面作用。
.一座孤零零的小山在俄克拉荷马的草原上拔地而起,它的西面和北面是维奇塔山脉。
对于我们克尔瓦人来说,它是个古老的界标,我们给它取名叫雨山。
这里有世界上最恶劣的天气。
冬季有大暴风雪,春季就刮起了飓风,到了夏季,草原热得就像铁砧一样。
草变得又脆又黄。
沿着河流和小溪,是长长的绿带,有一排排的山核桃树、柳树和金缕梅。
从远望去,七八月里的树叶热得冒烟,犹如在火中挣扎。
高高的草地上到处都是大个儿的黄绿色的蚱蜢.像玉米花一样爆裂开,刺得人痛。
乌龟在红土地上爬行,不知要去何处。
寂寞荒凉是这里的一大特点。
草原上的一切都是疏离开来的,所见之物不会混杂在一起让人看不清楚。
要么只是一山,要么只是一树、一人。
清晨,太阳在你的背后冉冉升起,此时观看大地,你会失去平时的比例感。
你会张开想像的翅膀,并认定这就是上帝造设宇宙的起始点。
2.我七月回到了雨山。
我祖母于春季去世,我是想去她的墓地。
她活得很老,最后因虚弱而死。
她死的时候,是她现在惟一活着的女儿陪伴着她。
听说她死时的脸像张孩子的脸。
3.我喜欢把她看作孩子。
她出生时,俄克拉荷马人正生活在其所史上鼎盛时期的最后阶段。
一个多世纪以来,他们掌控着从斯莫克山河到红河那片空旷的山脉,掌控着从加拿大河流的源头到阿肯色河和西马隆河交汇处的地域。
他们与科曼斯人一道,统治着整个南部平原。
发动战争是他们神圣的职责.他们是世人所知的最优秀的骑手。
然而,对于克尔瓦人来说,作战更多是因为这是他们的习惯,而非为了生存。
他们从来都不理解美国骑兵残酷的进攻。
当最后四分五裂、弹尽粮绝时,他们便冒着冰凉的秋雨来到斯代克特平原,陷入了恐慌。
在帕罗多罗坎,他们的弹粮被抢劫一空,只剩下了性命。
为了拯救自己,他们在福特西尔投降,被监禁在一个石头堆砌的牛马棚。
现在,这里已经是个军事博物馆了。
我的祖母得以豁免那高高的灰墙里的羞辱,因为她是在此事件8年或10年后出生的。
但自出生起,她就已经懂得失败给人带来的苦难.这使那些老战士们百思不得其解。
现代大学英语译文及练习答案一、Where_do_we_go_from_here我们向何处去?马丁.路德.金1.为了回答“我们向何处去”这一问题,我们现在必须明确我们的现状。
当初拟定宪法时,一个不可思议的公式规定黑人在纳税和选举权方面只是一个完整人的60%。
如今又一个匪夷所思的公式似乎规定黑人只盂交纳一个人应交税的50%,只享受一个人应享受的选举权利的50%。
对于生活中的好事,黑人大约只享有白人所享受的一半;而生活中的不愉快,黑人却要承受白人所面对的两倍。
因此,所有黑人中有一半人住着低标准的住房。
并且黑人的收入只是白人的一半。
每当审视生活中的负面经历时,黑人总是占双倍的份额。
黑人无业者是白人的两倍。
黑人婴儿的死亡率是白人的两倍,从黑人所占的总人口比率上看,在越南死亡的黑人是白人的两倍。
2.其他领域也有同样惊人的数字。
在小学,黑人比白人落后一至三年,并且他们的被白人隔离的学校的学生人均所得到的补贴比白人的学校少得多。
20个上大学的学生中,只有一个是黑人。
在职的黑人中75%的人从事低收入、单凋乏味的非技术性工作。
3.这就是我们的现状。
我们的出路在哪里?首先,我们必须维护自己的尊严和价值。
我们必须与仍压迫我们的制度抗争,从而树立崇高的不可诋毁的价值观。
我们再不能因为是自已黑人而感到羞耻。
几百年来灌输黑人是卑微的、无足轻重的,因此要唤起他们做人的尊严绝非易事。
4.甚至语义学似乎也合谋把黑色的说成足丑陋的、卑劣的。
罗杰特分类词典中与黑色相关的词有120个,其中至少60个微词匿影藏形,例如。
污渍、煤烟、狰狞的、魔鬼和恶臭的。
而与白色相关的词约有134个,它们却毫无例外都褒嘉洋溢,诸如纯洁、洁净、贞洁和纯真此类词等。
白色的(善意的)谎言总比黑色的(恶意的)谎言要好。
家中最为人所不齿的人是“黑羊”,即败家子。
奥西.戴维斯曾建议或许应重造英语语言,从而教师将不再迫不得已因教黑人孩子60种方式蔑视自己而使他们继续怀有不应有的自卑感,因教白人孩子134种方式宠爱自己而使他们继续怀有不应有的优越感。
“9. 11”事件前后泰?摩西As the ruins of the World Trade Towers smoldered at the southern end of Manhattan and the breeze stirred the ashes of thousands of human beings, a new age of anxiety was born. If someone had slept through September 11 and awakened, Rip Van Winkle-like today, he would open his eyes on an astonishing new landscape.1.世贸大厦双塔的废墟还在曼哈顿区南端闷燃,微风将几千人的身躯化成的灰烬吹起,一个新的焦虑时代由此开始。
如果有人在9月11日那天像瑞普?凡?温克尔那样恰好睡去,一觉醒来,眼前的这一派景象定让他瞠日结舌。
Guardsmen toting M-16s are stationed at our airports. The president of the United States attends a World Series game and the airspace over Yankee Stadium is closed, a line of snipers positioned on the stadium rooftop. The vice-president's safekeepers whisk him from place to place, just as his arch-nemesis Osama bin Laden is presumably moved from cave to cave halfway across the world. Anthrax panic sends Congress running from its chambers.2.机场里驻进了背着V-16自动步枪的国民警卫队员。
大学英语精读第5册课文全文翻译大学英语精读第5册和第6册全文课文翻译一番说教 A Kind of SermonIt is probably easier for teachers than for 也许老师比学生更容易理解,为什么学students to appreciate the reasons why learning 生在掌握了英语基本结构和句型后英语学English seems to become increasinglydifficult once习反而变得越来越困难了。
学生们自然感到the basic structures and patterns of the language惊奇并失望地发现本来应该变得越来越容have been understood. Students are naturallysurprised and disappointed to discover that a 易的学习过程却完全不是那么回事。
process which ought to become simpler does not 学生们并不感到多少安慰,在知道老师appear to do so. 在其努力所产生的效果似乎不及一开始明 It may not seem much consolation to point out显也会灰心丧气。
他发现那些学生很容易去that the teacher, too, becomes frustrated when his教,为他们能把所学的知识很快的用于实efforts appear to produce less obvious results. Hefinds that students who were easy to teach, because 践。
可现在,他们却面对前阶段中从未学过they succeeded in putting everything they had been 的大量生词,惯用法显得踌躇不前。
女人的职业听说你们协会是有关妇女就业的。
协会秘书要我就职业问题谈谈自己的阅历。
不错,我是女人,我也正在就业。
可是我有些什么阅历呢?这个问题似乎很难回答。
我的职业是文学,文学给予女人特有的阅历比其他职业要少,舞台表演除外。
这是因为许多年前范妮•伯尼、阿普拉•贝恩、哈丽雅特•马蒂诺、简•奥斯丁、乔治•爱略特就在这条路上披荆斩棘了。
无数知名的、不知名的女人在我之前扫除了障碍,调整了我的步伐。
我开始写作时,这个职业已经不拒绝女性了。
写作是个高尚而无害的职业,家庭的安宁不会被钢笔的嚓嚓声打破,也不需要很多的经济投资。
花十六便士买的纸足够写下莎士比亚所有巨著假如你也有个莎士比亚的脑袋的话。
作家不需要有钢琴、模特儿,不要周游巴黎、维也纳和柏林,也不需聘请家庭教师。
纸张便宜也许是女人在写作领域比其他领域成功的原因。
言归正传吧。
我当作家的故事其实很简单,你们大可想象一个手执钢笔的姑娘坐在卧室,从左到右不停地写着,写着,从十点写到一点。
然后,她把这些稿件装进信封,贴上一便士邮票投进信筒。
我就是这样成为报纸撰稿人的。
第二个月的第一天那对我是辉煌的一天我竟收到编辑给我的信,还附了张一镑十六便士的支票。
可我多不懂生活的苦难呀!我没用这钱买面包和黄油,买鞋子或袜子,或者付杂货店老板的欠单,而是用它买了一只漂亮的波斯猫,一只不久便令我陷入邻里唇枪舌战的小猫。
还有什么比写文章,比用稿费买小猫更容易呢?可是,等等!文章得表明见地。
记得那篇文章是评论某个著名作家小说的。
写那篇文章时我就发现,评论作品时我需要与一种幻影搏斗。
这个幻影就是女人。
多次交锋以后,感觉开始明晰,我借一首著名诗歌里女主角之名,称她为“屋子里的天使”。
她横亘在我和稿纸之间,困绕我,折磨我,消耗我,令我最终忍无可忍,杀了她。
你们年轻一代比较幸运,可能没听说过她因而不知道何为“屋子里的天使”。
我简要地解释一下。
她温柔可爱,善良无私。
她擅长持家,富有牺牲精神。
如果餐桌上有一只鸡,她哪的是鸡脚。
现代大学英语精读5第一课中英文对照Martin Luther King Speech - Where do we go from hereNow, in order to answer the question, "Where do we go from here?" which is our theme, we must first honestly recognize where we are now. When the Constitution was written, a strange formula to determine taxes and representation declared that the Negro was 60 percent of a person. Today another curious formula seems to declare he is 50 percent of a person. Of the good things in life, the Negro has approximately one half those of whites. Of the bad things of life, he has twice those of whites. Thus half of all Negroes live in substandard housing. And Negroes have half the income of whites. When we view the negative experiences of life, the Negro has a double share. There are twice as many unemployed.The rate of infant mortality among Negroes is double that of whites and there are twice as many Negroes dying in Vietnam as whites in proportion to their size in the population.现在,为了回答这个问题,“我们该何去何从呢?”是我们的主题,我们首先必须坦白承认我们现在是在什么地方。
1.The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy.It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.2.Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery. If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.3.The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when he/she is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can be he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against that stands against love.Power in the best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.At that time, economic status was considered the measure of the individual’s ability and talents.At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was to see how much money he had made(or how wealthy he was).The absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber.A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong.It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, by the taskmaster or by animal necessity.This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, because they are forced to work byslave-drivers or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed.When the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.When the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has got is done away with.He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality. Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God. Only those who have love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds.Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only talk about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practices racial as racial discrimination.I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size.I imagined myself being different types of prodigy, trying to find out which type would best suit me.I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts.Some new thoughts came to my mind, thoughts that I deliberately wanted to be disobedient, or to be more exact, thoughts that I would say lots of “ I won’t …” to my mother.The girl had a sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was somewhat like Shirley Temple, a bit rude, but in an amusing way.It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, as if this awful side of me had surfaced, at last. While saying these, I was scared as if some very unpleasant, horrible things had got out of my chest; but at the same time, I felt a bit delighted for I was finally able to make this awful part of me known to my mother.And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point, I wanted to see it spill over.And I could feel that her anger was coming to the point where her endurance and self-control would collapse, but I wanted to see what exactly she would do when that happened.The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it not only shut out the dust but also put an end to my misery and my mother’s dreams as well.Yet globalization…Is a reality, not a choice.However, as one report said, globalization “ is now an ordinary fact of life, not something one can choose to have or not.”Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties.Political groups favored by the general public have appeared in large numbers to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign “cultural assault.”Where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand.Where the two trends- the dislike and fear of things foreign and the desire to build China into one of a powerful, industrialized economy- have often contended with each other for dominance.Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers that work.Those people in countries like China should continue to live a backward life while we ourselves will enjoy a comfortable life with all modern facilities.Westernization is a phenomenon shot through with inconsistencies and populated by very strange bedfellows.Westernization is a concept full of self-contradictions and held by people of very different backgrounds and views.You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye.You don’t have to look fashionable or attractive in order to find out what will be the future trend; you only need to be observant and be able to make judgments about it.He was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones.He was playing the game on the Internet with people living in different parts of the world, an activity that goes far beyond the limit of time zones.In the first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising $100,000.In the first two weeks after starting business in Shanghai, the Gucci Store made as much as $100,000, a surprisingly large amount of money.Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through the wilds of global culture.Early before that/ From the very beginning I realized I was going to need some guidance that would lead me through the rich and wide variety of global cultures.The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal.The way of expressing repentance may have been characteristic of the Jews, but the desire for forgiveness from God was common to people of all cultures.Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna and Berlin, masters and mistresses, are not needed by writer.Unlike a pianist or a painter who must have a piano or hire models, or visit famous cities like Paris, Vienna and Berlin, or to be taught by masters and mistresses, a writer does not need all this.she would have plucked the heart out of my writing.Those conventional attitudes and beliefs( represented by the Angel) would have taken away the essence/ soul of my writing.Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her wing or the radiance of her halo upon my page, I took up the inkpot and flung it at her. Thus whenever I felt the influence of traditional Victorian values and attitudes( about gender roles) on my writing, I fought back with all my power.For though men sensibly allow themselves great freedom in these respects, I doubt that they realize or can control the extreme severity with which they condemn such freedom in women.This is because, even though men readily allow themselves full freedom in speaking or writing about such as the body and passions, I don’t think they realize how severely they condemn or can control their extremely severe condemnation of, such freedom in women.Indeed it will be a long time still, I think, before a woman can sit down to write a book without finding a phantom to be slain, a rock to be dashed against.No doubt, it will still take a long time, as I believe, before women are finally able to enjoy the freedom of writing without having to fight those conventional values, beliefs and prejudices that are unfavorable to them.Even when the path is nominally open- when there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant -there are many phantoms and obstacles, as I believe, looming in her way.Even though the path is now open to women in name only, when they have the freedom to choose to be a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, I believe that there still exist many false ideas and obstacles to impede a woman’s progress.You have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men.By fighting against the Angel in the House and through your painstaking efforts, you have gained a position and some freedom in a society which has so far been dominated by men.It took me a long time and much painful boomeranging of my expectations to achieve a realization everyone else appears to have been born with: that I am nobody but myself.It took me a long time to get rid of illusions and realize the simple and apparent truth that I am nobody but myself. It was a painful process. I started with high expectations only to be deeply disappointed and thoroughly disillusioned.And yet I am no freak of nature, nor of history. I was in the cards, other things having been equal (or unequal) 85 years ago.I am perfectly normal physically and I am a natural product of history; my growth reflects history. When things seemed likely to happen to me, other things has been equal (or unequal) 85 years ago.About eighty-five years ago they were told that they were free, united with others of our country in everything pertaining to the common good, and in everything social, separate like the fingers of the hand.About 85 years ago, they were told that they were freed from slavery and became united with the white people in all the essential things having to do with the common interests of our country, but in social life the blacks and whites still remain separated.In those pre-invisible days I visualized myself as a potential Booker T. Washington.In those days before I realized I was an invisible man, I imagined that I would become a successful man like Booker T. Washington.I wanted at one and the same time to run from the room, to sink through the floor, or go to her and cover her from my eyes of the others with my body; to feel the soft thighs, to caress her and destroy her, to love her and murder her.On the one hand, I felt so embarrassed that I wanted to run away from the ballroom. On the other hand I took pity on the girl and so wanted to protect the naked girl from the eyes of the other men. I wanted to love her tenderly because she was an attractivegirl, but at the same time I wanted to destroy her because after all she was the immediate cause of our embarrassment.Should I try to win against the voice out there Would not this go against my speech, and was not this a moment for humility, for nonresistanceIf I should try my best and win the fight, then I would be winning against the bet of that white man, who shouted “ I got my money on the big boy. " In that case I would not behave with humility, and yet my speech talked about humility as the essence of success. So maybe I should let that big boy win without putting up resistance, for this was time for me to show humility.7. “ Cast down your bucket where you are” - cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded.Make full use of what you have and do the best you can. Take this attitude in making friends in every honorable way, making friends with people of different races among whom we live.“You weren't being smart, were you, boy" "We mean to do right by you, but you've got to know your place at all times.”You were not trying to seem clever in a disrespectful way, were you, boy We intend to do the right thing by setting you up as role model, but you must never forget who you are.1. And I was conscious of his superiority in a way which was embarrassing and led to trouble.I knew that Oppenheimer was a man of great talent his way of showing his talent at seminars caused uneasiness and resentment among people, especially among his fellow students.This did not seem to be the sort of anecdote that would go over especially well at a conference devotes to poetry.Since those attending the conference were people devoted to poetry, such an anecdote, though interesting, might not be appreciated by the audience.Pitted against these excellent reasons for my not going to the conference were two others that finally carried the day.These were two reasons for my going to the conference ser against the reasons for my not going and they became decisive in my final decision.He is, for me, one of those people whose writing about their writing is more interesting than their writing itself.According to my view, Spender belongs to the group whose writings about their lives, experiences that is whose autobiographies, are more interesting than their literary works.Auden’s Dirac-like lucidity, the sheer wonder of the language, and the sense of fun about serious things …Were to me irresistible. Like Dirac, Auden was outstanding in clarity. He was also outstanding in the powerful use of the language and the sense of fun about serious issues. All these greatly fascinated me.Spender’s journal entry on his visit is fascinating both for what it says and for what it does not say.Spender’s record of this visit is interesting not only because of the things he mentions but also because of the things he doesn’t say.Oppenheimer appears in Spender’s journal as a disembodied figure with no contextual relevance to Spender’s own life.In his book Spender fails to give a connected, complete picture of Oppenheimer and does nit mention that Oppenheimer’s background and situation has quite a lot to do with Spender.The real thing was much better.The real person looked much better than the pictures.One probably should not read too much into appearance.Maybe one should not attach too much importance to appearance.10. He had outlived them all, but was still under their shadow, especially that of Auden…He had lived longer than any of his more famous friends but traces or influences of these friends, especially those of Auden, could still be found on him.1. Your imagination comes to life, and this, you think,is where Creation was begun.The landscape makes your imagination vivid and lifelike, and you believe that the creation of the whole universe was begun right here.But warfare for the Kiowas was preeminently a matter of disposition rather than of survival, and they never understood the grim ,unrelenting advance of the . Cavalry.The Kiowas often fought just because they were good warriors, because they fought out of habit, character, nature, not because they needed extra lands or material gains for the sake of surviving and thriving. And they could not understand whythe . Cavalry never gave up pushing forward even when they had won a battle.My grandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years.Luckily my grandmother did not suffer the humiliation of being put into a closure for holding animals, for she was born eight or ten years after the event.4. It was a long journey toward dawn, and it led to a golden age.They moved toward the east, where the sun rises, and also toward the beginning of a new culture, which led to the treatest moment of their history.They acquired horses, and their ancient nomadic spirit was suddenly free of the ground.Now they got horses. Riding on horseback, instead of walking on football, gave them this new freedom of movement, thus completely liberating their ancient nomadic spirit.From one point of view, their migration was the fruits of an old prophecy, for indeed they emerged from a sunless world.In a sense, their migration confirmed the ancient myth that they entered the world from a hollow log, for they did emerge from the sunless world of the mountains.The Kiowas reckoned their stature by the distance they could see, and they were bent and blind in the wilderness.Their stature was measured by the distance they could see. Yet, because of the dense forests, they could not see very far, and they could hardly stand straight.Clusters of trees and animals grazing far in the distance cause the vision to reach away and wonder to build upon the mind. The earth unfolds and the limit of the land is far in the distance, where there are clusters of trees and animals eating grass. This landscape makes one see far and broadens one's horizon.9. Not yet would they veer southward to the caldron of the land that lay below;they must wean their blood from the northern winter and hold the mountains a while longer in their view.They would not yet change the direction southward to the land lying below which was like a large kettle. First they must give their bodies some time to get used to the plains. Secondly, they did not want to lose sight of the mountains so soon.I was never sure that I had the right to hear, so exclusive were they of all merely custom and company.I was not sure that I had any right to overhear her praying, which did not follow any customary way of praying, add which Iguess she did not want anyone else to hear.11. Transported so in the dancing light among the shadows of her room she seemed beyond the reach of time. But that was illusion; I think I knew then that I should not see her again.In this way she was entranced in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, and she seemed to be timeless(what sh represented would last forever)The women might indulge themselves; gossip was at once the mark and compensation of their servitude.On these special occasions, women might make loud and elaborate jokes and talk among themselves. Their gossip revaeled their position as servants of men and a reward for their servitude.。
现代大学英语译文及练习答案一、Where_do_we_go_from_here我们向何处去?1.为了回答“我们向何处去”这一问题,我们现在必须明确我们的现状。
当初拟定宪法时,一个不可思议的公式规定黑人在纳税和选举权方面只是一个完整人的60%。
如今又一个匪夷所思的公式似乎规定黑人只盂交纳一个人应交税的50%,只享受一个人应享受的选举权利的50%。
对于生活中的好事,黑人大约只享有白人所享受的一半;而生活中的不愉快,黑人却要承受白人所面对的两倍。
因此,所有黑人中有一半人住着低标准的住房。
并且黑人的收入只是白人的一半。
每当审视生活中的负面经历时,黑人总是占双倍的份额。
黑人无业者是白人的两倍。
黑人婴儿的死亡率是白人的两倍,从黑人所占的总人口比率上看,在越南死亡的黑人是白人的两倍。
2.其他领域也有同样惊人的数字。
在小学,黑人比白人落后一至三年,并且他们的被白人隔离的学校的学生人均所得到的补贴比白人的学校少得多。
20个上大学的学生中,只有一个是黑人。
在职的黑人中75%的人从事低收入、单凋乏味的非技术性工作。
3.这就是我们的现状。
我们的出路在哪里?首先,我们必须维护自己的尊严和价值。
我们必须与仍压迫我们的制度抗争,从而树立崇高的不可诋毁的价值观。
我们再不能因为是自已黑人而感到羞耻。
几百年来灌输黑人是卑微的、无足轻重的,因此要唤起他们做人的尊严绝非易事。
4.甚至语义学似乎也合谋把黑色的说成足丑陋的、卑劣的。
罗杰特分类词典中与黑色相关的词有120个,其中至少60个微词匿影藏形,例如。
污渍、煤烟、狰狞的、魔鬼和恶臭的。
而与白色相关的词约有134个,它们却毫无例外都褒嘉洋溢,诸如纯洁、洁净、贞洁和纯真此类词等。
白色的(善意的)谎言总比黑色的(恶意的)谎言要好。
家中最为人所不齿的人是“黑羊”,即败家子。
奥西.戴维斯曾建议或许应重造英语语言,从而教师将不再迫不得已因教黑人孩子60种方式蔑视自己而使他们继续怀有不应有的自卑感,因教白人孩子134种方式宠爱自己而使他们继续怀有不应有的优越感。
大学英语精读5课后翻译(精选五篇)第一篇:大学英语精读5课后翻译Unit 1Mastering a large number of words is essential to achieving fluency in a foreign language.An unofficial, but often quoted, figure for the Cambridge First Certificate examiniation suggests that students with a vocabulary of less than 3,500 words are unlikely to be successful in the exam.Current research also suggests that native English speakers who have been educated up to 18 years old or beyond know at least 16,000 English words.And unless you already speak a language like Spanish or German, there are no short-cuts to a large vocabulary in English: you just have to rely on diligence and dedication.Of course you can figure out from the context the meanings of some new words you come across in your reading, but more often than not you have to look them up in a dictionary in order to be clear about their accurate meanings.A practicable way to pick up new words is, perhaps, to read a lot, preferably stories that you find interesting or exciting.It often pays to read the same book over and over again: each time you read it you will learn different new words, and the familiar context helps to fix them in your mind.Unit 21.I don’t think it is realis tic to turn to him for help.As a matter of fact, he himself is in need of help.2.More and more people are being awakened to the urgent need of combating air pollution.3.There are visible signs that some of the time-honored old traditions and values are no longer cherished by the young people.4.Many of us find the notion of a boundless universe hard to grasp.5.There being so many loopholes in the laws andregulations, it is little wonder that a handful of speculators got rich overnight.6.An unprecedented boom in tourism brought sudden prosperity to the small border town, which was formerly inhabited by only three hundred people.7.In the light of this information, that country already has the capabilities to make nuclear weapons.8.Regardless of repeated warnings from his friends, he staked all his money on high-risk ventures.Unit 3 If you started on some venture and failed, do not despair / lose heart.There is a world of difference between ‘I have failed three times’ and ‘I am a failure.’So long as you do not h old a negative concept of self or identify with failures but try to learn from them, you stand a good chance to succeed in the future.Did it ever occur to you that those who fail repeatedly are often victims of a poor self image?Often their failures are due to internal causes rather than external causes.Numerous cases have borne it out that if they can be induced to change their viewpoint and construct a positive self image, miraculous changes may take place in their performance.Success can come anytime—at thirty, forty or even after a lifetime of apparent failure.Early triumphs may be sweet, but success in later life often tastes even better.Unit 41.Somebody says that the best response to unfair criticisms is to forgive and forget.2.For God’s sake, why didn’t you call me?3.I kicked the door open with desperation, and found him lying in the bedunconsciously.4.The mechanician flung the tools with anger, never to continue.5.Mark was so childish that he left the meeting just because some representativescontested his ideas.6.She was thankful that she kept her job when most of her co-workers werelaid off.7.Courage, selflessness and strength of will stand out all over the Gadfly.8.If you build an extension to your house without the consent of the local planningauthorities, you will be ordered to demolish/pull down what you have built.Unit 5Scientists are a small group of people who are striving to gain insightinto nature and seek for laws in the superficial disorder.They have aspecial ability to think and analyze, and unlimited patience in observingand collecting date.However , not all scientific discoveries can beascribed to abilities and patience;they usually connect closely withcreative imagination.Of course, the leap of imagination is often thefirst step leading to discoveries.Moreover , scientists are famous fortheir honesty.They put a high premium on honesty, mainly because thathonesty is cardinal to their career.Every theory they put forward hasto be further tested.Every error and lie are sure to be found.So, iffinding some evidence contradiction with their ideas, scientists modifyeven abandon their ideas, instead of concealing them.In this way, theyaccumulate an immense amount of knowledge, which canhelp us understandourselves and surroundings better.Unit 61.The highlight of the circus performance was the panda’s representation.Its clumsyand funny acting amused all the spectators.2.It’s just as well you didn’t take the flight of Swiss Airline yesterday-it crashed onehour after taking off and all the 229 people on plane were killed.3.He never considered that when somebody wanted to help the handicapped girl, shewould feel ill at ease.4.As a person taking delight in controlling everything and getting interest fromordering, Charles adapted quickly the new role of the company’s general manger.5.In the past twelve years, Amy has learned to live depending on herself.She takesdelight in self-reliance and doing everything by herself.6.Amy refused to go out with Charles as a matter of course, because she disliked tobe treated as a handicapped person dependent on others.Unit 7One day, we received an invitation to my father’s birthday party.Jenny thought my father was reaching out to me for a reconciliation and we should accept the invitation.I was in the midst of abstracting an important case and in the virtual shadow of exams, so I just told her in the simplest possible terms that there would never be a reconciliation.My refusal obviously made Jenny very upset, but being a rational woman she didn’t quarrel with me.She just tried hard to persuade me.But this only filled me with fury, thinking that Jenny was just upsetting me deliberately.I must have gone out of my mind for I did something for which Iwould never forgive myself—I yelled at Jenny and hurled the phone at her.But the instant I did it I regretted.And when I turned to look at her, she was already gone.I went out and searched everywhere but Jenny was nowhere to be found.I was scared to death, not knowing what to do next.Just as I was about to give up, I caught sight of her sitting in front of our house.I went up to her and said, ‘Jenny, I’m sorry…’ but she cut off my apology and said, ‘Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry.’Unit 81.When I was a kid, I was so fascinated with the idea of travelling round the world that I would spend hours in my grandfather’s study spinning the globe and dreaming of the places I would like to visit.2.A time bomb exploded this afternoon in one of London’s biggest supermarkets, evoking a great panic among the population.3.Accompanied by his father, Bill went to the police station and confessed to the police officer that he had robbed an old man of his gold wathc two weeks before.4.After getting engaged to Jane, Stephen started working hard for the first time in his life.And before long he distinguished himself as a young theorectical physicist.5.Prof.Stone is distinguished for his sternness.But, to everyone’s surprise, the speech he made at his daughter’s wedding last Saturday was full of wit and humor.6.It’s amazing that so many people are willing to do voluntary work for the beefit of the community.Unit 101.The increasing prosperity of the country was in a large measure attributable to the government’s pursuit of a policy of economic reform.2.The black leader look it as his sacred obligation to fight hard all his life to achieve racial equality.3.The year 1976 saw the deaths of Premier Zhou En-lai, Marshal Zhu De and Chairman Mao Ze-dong, the three leading architects of thePeople’s Republic.4.On more t han one occasion I reminded the principal of his promise to stand up for the legitimate interests of retired teachers.5.The theme of the story is that a person’s destiny is closely tied up with that of the whold nation.6.The large fortune the young man fell heir to enabled him to live out his dream.第二篇:大学英语精读2课后翻译第三版Unit1 翻译1.她砰地关上门,一声不吭地走了,他们之间那场争执就此结束。
现代大学英语V-4译文及练习答案女性的职业弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫l.你们的秘书邀请我时对我说你们妇女服务团关注的是女性就业问题,她提议我讲一讲我就业的亲身体验。
我是女性,这是事实;我有工作,这也是事实。
但我又有什么职业体验呢?这很难讲。
我从事的是文学职业,与其他职业相比,当然不包括戏剧行业,在文学职业里几乎没有什么女性体验,我的意思是几乎没有女性特有的体验。
多年前,路已开辟出来。
许多知名的女性---范妮·伯尼、阿芙拉.贝恩、哈丽雅特·马蒂诺、简·奥斯汀、乔治·艾略特---和许多不知名以及已被人忘记的女性在我之前铺平了道路并指导我向前走。
因此,在我从事写作时,几乎没有物质障碍。
写作这个职业既受人尊敬又没有危险。
写字的沙沙声不会打破家庭的和平,写作也不需要什么家庭开销。
花16便士买的纸足够用来写莎士比亚的所有戏剧---要是你有那样的才智的话。
作家不需要钢琴和模特,不用去巴黎、维也纳和柏林,也不需要家庭教师。
当然,廉价的写作用纸是女性作为作家成功而先于其他职业的原因。
2.我讲讲我的故事,那只是个平常的故事。
你们自己设想一个姑娘,手里握着一支笔坐在卧室里。
从十点钟到一点钟她只是不停地由左向右写,然后她想到做一件既省钱又省力的事---把那些纸张放进信封,在信封的一角贴上一张一便士的邮票,把信封投进拐角的一个红色邮筒。
我就是这样成了一名撰稿人。
我的努力在下个月的第一天得到了回报---_那是我一生中非常快乐的一天。
我收到了编辑寄来的一封信,里面装有一张一英镑十先令六便士的支票。
为了让你们了解我不值得被称作职业女性,对人生的艰难和奋斗知之甚少,我得承认我没用那笔钱买食物、付房租、买袜子和肉,而是出去买了一只猫,一只漂亮的波斯猫,这只猫不久就引起了我和邻居间的激烈争端。
3.什么会比写文章并用赚得的钱买波斯猫来得更容易?但再想一想,文章得有内容。
我好像记得我的文章是评论一部名人写的小说。
现代大学英语译文及练习答案一、Where_do_we_go_from_here我们向何处去?马丁.路德.金1.为了回答“我们向何处去”这一问题,我们现在必须明确我们的现状。
当初拟定宪法时,一个不可思议的公式规定黑人在纳税和选举权方面只是一个完整人的60%。
如今又一个匪夷所思的公式似乎规定黑人只盂交纳一个人应交税的50%,只享受一个人应享受的选举权利的50%。
对于生活中的好事,黑人大约只享有白人所享受的一半;而生活中的不愉快,黑人却要承受白人所面对的两倍。
因此,所有黑人中有一半人住着低标准的住房。
并且黑人的收入只是白人的一半。
每当审视生活中的负面经历时,黑人总是占双倍的份额。
黑人无业者是白人的两倍。
黑人婴儿的死亡率是白人的两倍,从黑人所占的总人口比率上看,在越南死亡的黑人是白人的两倍。
2.其他领域也有同样惊人的数字。
在小学,黑人比白人落后一至三年,并且他们的被白人隔离的学校的学生人均所得到的补贴比白人的学校少得多。
20个上大学的学生中,只有一个是黑人。
在职的黑人中75%的人从事低收入、单凋乏味的非技术性工作。
3.这就是我们的现状。
我们的出路在哪里?首先,我们必须维护自己的尊严和价值。
我们必须与仍压迫我们的制度抗争,从而树立崇高的不可诋毁的价值观。
我们再不能因为是自已黑人而感到羞耻。
几百年来灌输黑人是卑微的、无足轻重的,因此要唤起他们做人的尊严绝非易事。
4.甚至语义学似乎也合谋把黑色的说成足丑陋的、卑劣的。
罗杰特分类词典中与黑色相关的词有120个,其中至少60个微词匿影藏形,例如。
污渍、煤烟、狰狞的、魔鬼和恶臭的。
而与白色相关的词约有134个,它们却毫无例外都褒嘉洋溢,诸如纯洁、洁净、贞洁和纯真此类词等。
白色的(善意的)谎言总比黑色的(恶意的)谎言要好。
家中最为人所不齿的人是“黑羊”,即败家子。
奥西.戴维斯曾建议或许应重造英语语言,从而教师将不再迫不得已因教黑人孩子60种方式蔑视自己而使他们继续怀有不应有的自卑感,因教白人孩子134种方式宠爱自己而使他们继续怀有不应有的优越感。
马丁路德金Where_do_we_go_from_here我们向何处去?马丁.路德.金1.为了回答“我们向何处去”这一问题,我们现在必须明确我们的现状。
当初拟定宪法时,一个不可思议的公式规定黑人在纳税和选举权方面只是一个完整人的60%。
如今又一个匪夷所思的公式似乎规定黑人只盂交纳一个人应交税的50%,只享受一个人应享受的选举权利的50%。
对于生活中的好事,黑人大约只享有白人所享受的一半;而生活中的不愉快,黑人却要承受白人所面对的两倍。
因此,所有黑人中有一半人住着低标准的住房。
并且黑人的收入只是白人的一半。
每当审视生活中的负面经历时,黑人总是占双倍的份额。
黑人无业者是白人的两倍。
黑人婴儿的死亡率是白人的两倍,从黑人所占的总人口比率上看,在越南死亡的黑人是白人的两倍。
2.其他领域也有同样惊人的数字。
在小学,黑人比白人落后一至三年,并且他们的被白人隔离的学校的学生人均所得到的补贴比白人的学校少得多。
20个上大学的学生中,只有一个是黑人。
在职的黑人中75%的人从事低收入、单凋乏味的非技术性工作。
3.这就是我们的现状。
我们的出路在哪里?首先,我们必须维护自己的尊严和价值。
我们必须与仍压迫我们的制度抗争,从而树立崇高的不可诋毁的价值观。
我们再不能因为是自已黑人而感到羞耻。
几百年来灌输黑人是卑微的、无足轻重的,因此要唤起他们做人的尊严绝非易事。
4.甚至语义学似乎也合谋把黑色的说成足丑陋的、卑劣的。
罗杰特分类词典中与黑色相关的词有120个,其中至少60个微词匿影藏形,例如。
污渍、煤烟、狰狞的、魔鬼和恶臭的。
而与白色相关的词约有134个,它们却毫无例外都褒嘉洋溢,诸如纯洁、洁净、贞洁和纯真此类词等。
白色的(善意的)谎言总比黑色的(恶意的)谎言要好。
家中最为人所不齿的人是“黑羊”,即败家子。
奥西.戴维斯曾建议或许应重造英语语言,从而教师将不再迫不得已因教黑人孩子60种方式蔑视自己而使他们继续怀有不应有的自卑感,因教白人孩子134种方式宠爱自己而使他们继续怀有不应有的优越感。
女人的职业1 听说你们协会是有关妇女就业的。
协会秘书要我就职业问题谈谈自己的阅历。
不错,我是女人,我也正在就业。
可是我有些什么阅历呢?这个问题似乎很难回答。
我的职业是文学,文学给予女人特有的阅历比其他职业要少,舞台表演除外。
这是因为许多年前范妮•伯尼、阿普拉•贝恩、哈丽雅特•马蒂诺、简•奥斯丁、乔治•爱略特就在这条路上披荆斩棘了。
无数知名的、不知名的女人在我之前扫除了障碍,调整了我的步伐。
我开始写作时,这个职业已经不拒绝女性了。
写作是个高尚而无害的职业,家庭的安宁不会被钢笔的嚓嚓声打破,也不需要很多的经济投资。
花十六便士买的纸足够写下莎士比亚所有巨著--------假如你也有个莎士比亚的脑袋的话。
作家不需要有钢琴、模特儿,不要周游巴黎、维也纳和柏林,也不需聘请家庭教师。
纸张便宜也许是女人在写作领域比其他领域成功的原因。
2 言归正传吧。
我当作家的故事其实很简单,你们大可想象一个手执钢笔的姑娘坐在卧室,从左到右不停地写着,写着,从十点写到一点。
然后,她把这些稿件装进信封,贴上一便士邮票投进信筒。
我就是这样成为报纸撰稿人的。
第二个月的第一天---- 那对我是辉煌的一天--- 我竟收到编辑给我的信,还附了张一镑十六便士的支票。
可我多不懂生活的艰辛呀!我没用这钱买面包和黄油,买鞋子或袜子,或者付杂货店老板的欠单,而是用它买了一只漂亮的波斯猫,一只不久便令我陷入邻里唇枪舌战的小猫。
3 还有什么比写文章,比用稿费买小猫更容易呢?可是,等等!文章得表明见地。
记得那篇文章是评论某个著名作家小说的。
写那篇文章时我就发现,评论作品时我需要与一种幻影搏斗。
这个幻影就是女人。
多次交锋以后,感觉开始明晰,我借一首著名诗歌里女主人公之名,称她为“屋子里的天使”。
她横亘在我和稿纸之间,困绕我,折磨我,消耗我,令我最终忍无可忍,杀了她。
你们年轻一代比较幸运,可能没听说过她--------因而不知道何为“屋子里的天使”。
我简要地解释一下。
第三课T1. Today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformation of cultures, a tectonic shift of habits and dreams called, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists, “globalization〞. (Para.1)今天我们正经历着一种世界围文化剧变的阵痛,一种习俗与追求的构造性变化,用社会科学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化,就叫“全球化〞.T2. Whatever their backgrounds or agendas, these critics are convinced that Western—often equated with American—influences will flatten every cultural crease, producing, as one observer terms it, one big “McWorld〞. (Para.4)不管他们的背景和纲领如何,这些对全球化持反对态度的人深信西方的影响—往往等同于美国的影响—会把所有文化上的差异一一压平,就像一位观察家所说的,最终产生一个麦当劳世界,一个充满美国货和表达美国价值观的世界.T3. But I also discovered that cultures are as resourceful, resilient, and unpredictable as the people who pose them. (Para.8)不过我也发现文化就如同构成文化的民族一样,善于随机应变,富有弹性而且不可预测.Tr.-4 It’s r eally hard to be original these days, so the easiest way to e up with new stuff is to mix things that already exist. (Para.13) 现今创新极为困难。
⼤学英语精读5课⽂翻译 ⼤学精读5课⽂翻译店铺已经整理好了,各位们,我们⼤家⼀起看看吧,欢迎各位阅读! ⼤学英语精读5课⽂翻译 Never, ever give up! 永不⾔弃! As a young boy, Britain's great Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, attended a public school called Harrow. He was not a good student, and had he not been from a famous family, he probably would have been removed from the school for deviating from the rules. Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the university. He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. He achieved fame for his wit, wisdom, civic duty, and abundant courage in his refusal to surrender during the miserable dark days of World War II. His amazing determination helped motivate his entire nation and was an inspiration worldwide. 英国的伟⼤⾸相温斯顿·丘吉尔爵⼠,⼩时候在哈罗公学上学。
.一座孤零零的小山在俄克拉荷马的草原上拔地而起,它的西面和北面是维奇塔山脉。
对于我们克尔瓦人来说,它是个古老的界标,我们给它取名叫雨山。
这里有世界上最恶劣的天气。
冬季有大暴风雪,春季就刮起了飓风,到了夏季,草原热得就像铁砧一样。
草变得又脆又黄。
沿着河流和小溪,是长长的绿带,有一排排的山核桃树、柳树和金缕梅。
从远望去,七八月里的树叶热得冒烟,犹如在火中挣扎。
高高的草地上到处都是大个儿的黄绿色的蚱蜢.像玉米花一样爆裂开,刺得人痛。
乌龟在红土地上爬行,不知要去何处。
寂寞荒凉是这里的一大特点。
草原上的一切都是疏离开来的,所见之物不会混杂在一起让人看不清楚。
要么只是一山,要么只是一树、一人。
清晨,太阳在你的背后冉冉升起,此时观看大地,你会失去平时的比例感。
你会张开想像的翅膀,并认定这就是上帝造设宇宙的起始点。
2.我七月回到了雨山。
我祖母于春季去世,我是想去她的墓地。
她活得很老,最后因虚弱而死。
她死的时候,是她现在惟一活着的女儿陪伴着她。
听说她死时的脸像张孩子的脸。
3.我喜欢把她看作孩子。
她出生时,俄克拉荷马人正生活在其所史上鼎盛时期的最后阶段。
一个多世纪以来,他们掌控着从斯莫克山河到红河那片空旷的山脉,掌控着从加拿大河流的源头到阿肯色河和西马隆河交汇处的地域。
他们与科曼斯人一道,统治着整个南部平原。
发动战争是他们神圣的职责.他们是世人所知的最优秀的骑手。
然而,对于克尔瓦人来说,作战更多是因为这是他们的习惯,而非为了生存。
他们从来都不理解美国骑兵残酷的进攻。
当最后四分五裂、弹尽粮绝时,他们便冒着冰凉的秋雨来到斯代克特平原,陷入了恐慌。
在帕罗多罗坎,他们的弹粮被抢劫一空,只剩下了性命。
为了拯救自己,他们在福特西尔投降,被监禁在一个石头堆砌的牛马棚。
现在,这里已经是个军事博物馆了。
我的祖母得以豁免那高高的灰墙里的羞辱,因为她是在此事件8年或10年后出生的。
但自出生起,她就已经懂得失败给人带来的苦难.这使那些老战士们百思不得其解。
4.她的名字叫阿荷,属_丁北美最后的文化。
差不多一个世纪前,她的祖先从蒙大拿两部来到这里。
他们是一群山民,一个神秘的猎手部落.其语言从未分明地划归任何一个主要语种。
17世纪晚期,他们开始了漫长的向南和向东移民。
这个通向黎明的漫长的旅行,使他们达到其黄金时期。
一路上,克尔瓦人被克罗人当作朋友,并给了他们平原上的文化和宗教。
他们有了马,于是他们那古老的游牧精神使他们重新脱离了地面。
他们拥有了太米,那神圣的太阳舞木偶,自那时起太米就成了他们的崇拜物和象征物。
太米也是所有崇拜太阳的部落的崇拜物。
同样重要的是,他们有着命运感,也有着勇气和荣誉感。
当他们开始享受南部大平原时,他们已经被改变了。
他们不再是为了简单的生活必需品的奴隶,而是一群傲慢危险的斗士和小偷、猎人和虔诚的太阳舞宗教徒。
有关他们起源的神话告诉我们,他们是通过一根空心圆木来到了世上。
从某种程度上说,他们的迁移是一个古老预言的结果,因为他们的确来自于一个没有太阳的世界。
5.虽然我的祖母在漫长的生活中从未离开过雨山,但大平原那广袤的景色却留在她的记忆中,仿佛她本人曾经在那里生活过。
她能谈一些关于克罗人的事情,尽管她从未见过他们;她还知道黑山,虽然她从未去过那里。
我想见识她想像当中的完美世界,于是走了1500英里,开始了我的朝圣。
6.对于我来说,黄石是世界上最好的地方。
一个有许多深湖、黑木材、深峡谷和瀑布的地区。
虽然黄石地区很美.但人们可能有受束缚、被禁锢的感觉。
放眼望去,四周天际线近在咫尺,伸手可及。
这天际线是一道树的高墙和一条条幽深的裂缝。
山里有完全的自由,但这只属于老鹰、美洲赤鹿、獾和熊。
克尔瓦人根据他们所能看清的距离来判断他们的位置;在荒野中他们时常弯着腰或者双眼迷茫。
7.由于位居落基山脉的坡上,向东看上去高高的草地就像通往平原的台阶。
七月,落基山脉面向平原的内坡上长满了亚麻、荞麦、景天和翠雀等各种植物。
当大地在我们面前展开时,陆地的边缘渐渐退去。
远处的树木和吃着草的动物开阔了我们的视野,使人张开想像的翅膀。
白天日照时间很长,天空宽阔无比。
宛如波浪的大片云彩在天空中游动,就像一片片船帆。
在庄稼地里投下了影子。
再往下,在科洛任何黑足印第安人的领地,平原是黄色的。
苜蓿长满了山丘,她低垂的叶子盖到地上,密密地封住土壤。
克罗人在这里停下了脚步,他们来到了必须改变他们生活的地方。
在大平原,太阳感到很舒坦。
毫无疑问.这里有上帝的灵性。
克尔瓦人来到克罗人的土地上,他们在黎明时,隔着比格好恩河可以看到山的背阴处,明媚的阳光照在层层的庄稼地上。
然而,他们并不情愿改变方向,向南到脚下这块大锅似的土地。
因为他们必须给身体充分的时间适应大平原。
他们也不愿这么快就看不见雨山。
他们把太米也带到了东方。
8.一层暗淡的雾霭笼罩着黑山,这里的土地贫瘠得像铁。
在一座山脊顶上,我看到魔鬼塔高高插入灰蒙蒙的天空,似乎在时间诞生之时,地核开裂,地壳破裂,宇宙的运动从此开始。
实际上有一些事情能使人们叹为观止。
魔鬼塔就是其中之一。
两个世纪以前,由于克尔瓦人无法用科学解释魔鬼塔的形式,冈此他们惟一能做的就是根据岩石,通过自己的想像编造故事。
我祖母说,“八个孩子在玩耍,七个姐姐和一个弟弟。
突然间男孩子变得哑巴了。
他颤抖着,并用手脚爬行。
他的手脚趾变成了爪子,身体也长上了毛。
他一下子就变成了一只熊。
姐姐们非常害怕,于是她们就跑,熊就跟着她们跑。
她们来到了一棵大树桩下,树开始跟她们说话,命令她们爬上树。
当她们爬上树时,树便开始上升。
熊赶过来要吃她们.但够不着。
于是熊站了起来,用它那尖锐的爪子胡乱抓着树皮。
七个姐姐被运上了天,变成了大熊座内的北斗七星。
”从那时起,只要这一传说还存在,克尔瓦人就跟夜空有一种亲缘关系。
在山里,除了山民以外,他们不会再是别的什么了。
无论他们的福分有多浅,无论他们的生活有多艰难,他们已经从荒原上找到了生存之路。
9.我的祖母对太阳怀有崇敬之情。
然而,现在人们的这种感情已经没有了。
在她身上有一种细致和古老的敬畏。
她晚年时开始信基督教,但在成为基督教徒之前她改变了许多,她从未忘记自己与生俱来的权利。
孩提时,她跳过太阳舞,也参加过那些一年一度的仪式,从中她懂得了她的同胞在太米面前的复原。
1887年,当最后一次克尔瓦太阳舞会召开时。
她大约七岁。
水牛都没有了。
为了完成那古老的祭祀----把公水牛的头穿在驱魔架上----一个老人代表团旅行到了德克萨斯,去乞讨并从古德奈特牧民那里换取水牛。
作为太阳舞文化,克尔瓦人最后一次聚会那年她十岁。
他们没有找到水牛;于是他们就不得不挂上一张旧兽皮。
在舞会开始以前,福特希尔有人命令一群战士前来驱散这群部落。
毫无理由地,关于他们信仰的基本行为被禁止了。
看到野蛮人杀戮他们的同胞,然后把他们的尸体扔在地上慢慢腐烂,克尔瓦人从此永远地远离了驱麾架。
这事发生在1890年7月20日,维吉塔河拐弯处。
我祖母在那。
没有感到痛苦,因为只要她活着,她就能忍受目睹上帝惨遭杀害。
10.虽然我只能把祖母留在我的记忆中.我却能够看到她一些特有的姿势:冬季的清晨站在木炉边翻烤着铁锅里的肉片;坐在南面窗前,手里捻着念珠,随后,当她看不见的时候,她就低下头,久久地注视着自己合在一起的双手;拄着拐杖出门,随着年事增高,走得越来越慢;她时常祈祷。
我记忆最深刻的当数她的祈祷了。
出于痛苦、希望,再加上经历了许多事情,她总是做长时间的祷告。
我从来都不能肯定我有权利听她的祷告,她的祈祷并不遵循任何祷告形式的习俗。
最后一次见到她时,是在夜间她站在床边祷告,身体裸到腰部,煤油灯光在她黑黑的皮肤上移动。
她那白天里总是打成辫子的又长又黑的头发,散落在肩膀上,垂在胸前,宛如披肩。
我不会说克尔瓦语,而且从来都听不懂她的祈祷,那声音里充满了悲伤,她起调很高,用尽全身力气,直到再也喊不出声音来;然后反复这样----总是用同样的气力,而有时像,有时又不像人类的声音。
她对房屋里的影子间跳跃的光很着迷,这让人觉得她会永远活在世上。
然而,这都是幻觉。
那时我已经知道,不久我就不会再见到她了。
11.平原上的房屋就像哨兵。
它们是古老的天气守卫者。
在那里,用不了多久,树木就会看起来很老。
所有的颜色都会在风吹雨打中褪去,然后树木变灰,长出纹理,钉子生锈变红。
窗户玻璃黑且透明,你可以想像里面什么都没有,然而确实有许多鬼魂和尸骨。
他们站在不同的地方挡住天空,你会觉得走近他们所花费的时间比想像的还长。
它们属于远方,那是它们的领地。
12.在我祖母的房间里,曾经有过许多声音,许多人来来往往,举行盛会,谈笑风生。
夏日里充满了兴奋与团聚。
克尔瓦人夏季很活跃,他们忍受冬日的寒冷,不与外人接触;但当季节变幻,大地变暖,充满生机时,他们就会按捺不住;对活动的那种古老的热爱又回到了他们身边。
我小的时候,来我祖母家的那些年长者都精瘦,但腰板硬朗。
他们头戴大黑帽子,肥大的衬衫不断被风吹起。
他们头抹头油,辫子上系着彩带。
一些人把脸涂上色,身上带着旧时征战时落下的伤疤。
他们是一群旧军阀,来这里是为了让自己和别人都记住他们是谁。
他们的妻子和女儿把他们伺候得很好。
而在这种场合,那些通常在家里伺候男人的女人们,则可以做她们想做的,或者做她们通常不能做的,比如,闲聊、大声喊叫、开玩笑、讲鬼故事等等。
走出家门时,她们披着印花披肩,带着鲜亮的珍珠或者镍黄铜首饰。
而在家里,她们却忙着下厨房,准备着丰盛的宴席。
13.经常有祷告性的集会和大型晚餐。
小时候,我经常和表兄妹们在户外玩耍,灯总是放在地上,老人们的歌声在我们的周围响起,并传到黑暗处。
不但有许多好吃的东西,也有许多笑声和惊喜。
后来,当寂静重新回到我们身边时,我和祖母一起躺下,听着远处河边的蛙鸣,感受着空气的流动。
14.现在,房间里有一种葬礼般的寂静,那是对克尔瓦文化永远的守灵。
祖母家的墙封了。
当回去奔丧时,我一生中第一次感到这房子很小。
那已是深夜,皎洁的月亮,几乎是满月。
我在厨房门边的石阶上坐了很久。
从那儿我能看到对面的大地;我能看到溪边那长长的树排,那起伏的草原上低低的光,还有那北斗七星。
我曾望着月亮,看到一个怪物。
一只蟋蟀歇在栏杆上,近在咫尺。
我当时的视线正好能看到那只蟋蟀像块化石镶在满月之中。
我猜想,那蟋蟀到那里去生活和死亡,是因为只有在那里它小小的价值才能变得完整和永恒。
一阵暖风吹起,仿佛一种渴望在我的心中涌动。
15.次日清晨,我在黎明时分醒来,踏上了那满是尘土的雨山之路。
天气已经很热,蚱蜢已开始四处活动。
依然是清晨,鸟儿在树荫下歌唱着。
山上,那长长的黄草地在阳光中闪亮,一只叉尾霸翁鸫从田过。
在那里,在那长长的充满传奇色彩的路上,有我祖母的坟墓。
四周深颜色的石头上刻着祖先们的名字。
在回首,望着雨山,(带着开始新生活的意念)我离开了。