新题型：
- Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?
- Which of the following determiners (限定词) can be placed before both singular count nouns and plural count nouns?
- Which of the following refelxive pronouns (反身代词) is used as an appositive (同位语)？
- Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS?
- Which of the italicized parts functions as a subject?
- Which of the italicized parts functions as an object?
- All the following sentences have an appositive EXCEPT .
- Which of the following best explains the meaning of “Shall we buy the tickets first”?
- Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause?
- Which of the following prepositional phrases can function as an adverbial?
- Which of the following prepositional phrases is an adverbial of concession?
- "..." The sentence means that .
《综合教程》（修订版）第一册
1）simple past, past progressive, past perfect; 一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时
Use of simple past tense:
1) The simple past tense is used to talk about completed actions and habits in the past.
e.g. Shakespeare died in 1616.
We used to walk a mile in the morning when we were in London.
2) Past tense of verbs such as want, wonder, hope is used for polite inquiries.
e.g. I wondered how you liked the film.
Use of past progressive:
1) The past progressive indicates a limited duration of time and is thus a convenient way to
indicate that something took place (in the simple past) while something else was happening.
e.g. Carlos lost his watch while he was running.
2) The past progressive can express incomplete action.
e.g. I was sleeping on the couch when Bertie smashed through the door.
※as opposed to the simple past, which suggests a completed action
e.g. I slept on the couch last night.
3) The past progressive is also used to poke fun at or criticize an action that is sporadic but
habitual in nature.
e.g. Tashonda was always handing in late papers.
4) We use the past progressive of verbs such as wonder to show politeness.
e.g.I was wondering if you could give me a lift.
※This use is even more polite and tentative than the simple past.
Use of past perfect tense:
1) The past perfect tense expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the
past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.
e.g. I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.
2) If the past perfect tense is not referring to an action at a specific time, it is not optional. Compare the examples below. Here the past perfect tense is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, the past perfect tense cannot be used.
e.g. She never saw a bear before she moved to Alaska. Not Correct
She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. Correct
2）verbs of perception + ing form/ -ed form/ infinitive form;
感官动词的-ing/-ed/不定式形式
Verbs of perception are a set of verbs denoting the use of one of the physical senses. Some verbs of perception see, look at, hear,listen, and feel, along with watch and sense can be used with objects followed by verbs in -ing form, -ed form and infinitive form.
e.g. We heard you leave. (Emphasis on our hearing.)
We heard you leaving. (Emphasis on your leaving.)
John has never heard the piece played before. (Emphasis on the passive voice of play.)
3）special word order with as and though as/though 引导的让步状语从句
In a concessive clause introduced by though or although, the complement or the adverbial can be placed at the beginning of the sentence. The formula for the inversion is:
e.g. Old as / though he is, he works hard as a young man.
Hard as / though he studied, he did not pass the examination.
