翻译基础理论和技巧

翻译基础理论与技巧
Basic Theories and Techniques in Translation
一、概论
Essentials of Translation
1、翻译的意义
Translation is of great importance in learning a foreign language. Today, it plays an increasingly important role in our country’s economy reform and opening to the world. Translation promotes mutual understanding between Chinese and foreigners, contributes to the speeding up of our country’s modernization, and thus, is absolutely necessary in the development of our market economy.
3）了解翻译技巧的局限性
必须指出：翻译技巧是人们从事多年翻 译工作的经验总结，应该认真学习。然 而， 翻译技巧只告诉我们在某些具体情 况下翻译应该使用的技巧，因此有其局 限性。
如：
用词不同 black tea、black coffee、 an off season 词的搭配不同 make money、wet snow、a heavy snow 语言结构不同
M---Mr 这个过程就是翻译。
4、翻译的标准（严复的信来自百度文库达、雅）
By the end of 19th century, Yan Fu,the president of Yanjing University, and great translator and professor, introduced a large number of books to the Chinese people by means of translation. He also put forward the well-known criteria for translation, i.e. faithfulness, comprehensibility and elegance.
1）开设翻译课的目的
以教育部指定的《大学英语教学课程要 求》中对“翻译能力”的要求为教学目 标，培养和提高学生的实际翻译能力。 通过课程学习，使学生掌握翻译基础理 论与技巧，通过大量的翻译练习获得感 性认识，从中悟出一些道理，了解翻译 的一般规律，从而使学生能对题材熟悉 的文章进行英汉互译，并达到较高的翻 译质量。
No comments. We need talking heads. 严禁烟火 配合默契
2、翻译的定义
What is translation?
Translation is an activity of reproducing in one language the ideas which have been expressed in another language.
翻译是把一种语言所表达的思想用另一 种语言重新表达出来的活动。
3、翻译的功能（过程）
Translation is for interlingual communication, bridges the gulf between different-tongue speakers, and reproduces and spreads the message in the original language. Translation permits knowledge to be transmitted to different corners of the world and to succeeding generations. Translation gives information, reveals feelings, and affects people’s thought or behavior. Without translation, the worldwide civilization would not be possible.
1）语内交流
甲
(L)
TO
M
(S)
To:original thought M: message Ta: acquired thought
乙
(L)
TA (R)
S: source
R: receptor
从上述过程可以看出， 交流思想是通过 语言进行的， 因而语言是交流思想的媒 介。但必须有一个先决条件，即甲乙双 方都懂同一种语言，这个交流才可能实 现。这种在同一语言内部进行的交流叫 做：语内交流（intralingual communication)。这是最常见的一种交 流形式。
2）学习翻译理论掌握翻译技巧的必要性
There are many translation theories and techniques. Without knowing the theories and techniques, one will most likely take a roundabout course in the translation work.That is why it is necessary for us to have a good command of both the source language and the target language, and of the theories and techniques in translation.
2）语际交流
丙
理解过程
表达过程
M -------------- TO ---------- MR
(SL)
(TL)
MR: reproduced message
SL：source language
TL：target language
倘若乙是个英（美）国人，不懂汉语， 甲是个中国人又不懂英语，甲乙之间 就不能交流思想。这时，就需要丙把 甲所说的或所写的信息用英语重新表 达一遍，成为再现信息（reproduced message)。这样，乙就明白了甲的意 思，交流就完成了。在这个过程中， 丙担任了翻译的角色。通过翻译进行 的思想交流，叫做：语际交流 （interlingual communication）。