英语时态总结(完整版)

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英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。)

英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直式,命令式等。

(1)一般现在时

基本形式(以do为例):

第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数);

肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他;

He works for us.

否定句:主语+don‘t/doesn't+动词原形+其他;

He doesn't work for us.

一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他。

肯定回答:Yes,(+主语+do/does).

否定回答:No,(+主语+don't/doesn't.)

特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语

Does he work for us?

Yes, he does.

No, he doesn't

What does he do for us?

He works for us.

(2)一般过去时

be动词+行为动词的过去式

否定句式:在行为动词前加didn‘t,同时还原行为动词,或was/were+not;

was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词

例如: Did he work for us?

He didn't work for us.

He worked for us.

(3)一般将来时

am/are/is+going to+do 或

will/shall+do

am/is/are/about to + do

am/is/are to + do;

一般将来时的表达方法

be going to +动词原形

be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形

be able to +不定式

be about to+动词原形

will + 动词原形;

例如:He is going to work for us.

He will work for us;

He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时表达将来时态的例子!!

(4)过去将来时

be(was,were)going to+动词原形

be(was,were)about to+动词原形

be(was,were)to+动词原形

肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~.

否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~.

疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?

肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.

否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~.

疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~?

He would work for us.

(5)现在进行时

主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词)

表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。

例如:I am buying a book.

第一人称+am+doing+sth

第二人称+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式)

第三人称+is+doing+sth

例:He is working.

(6)过去进行时

肯定句:主语+was/were+doing+其它

否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它

一般疑问句及答语:Was/Were+主语+doing+其它;答语:Yes,I主语+was/were. /No,I主语+wasn't/weren't.

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它

He was working when he was alive.

(7)将来进行时

主语+will + be +现在分词

He will be working for us.=He will work for us.

(8)过去将来进行时

should(would)+be+现在分词

He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.

(9)现在完成时

基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)

①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他

②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他

③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他

④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他\

He has worked for us for ten years.

Has he worked for us for ten years.

(10)过去完成时

基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)

①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他

②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他

③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他

肯定回答:Yes,主语+had

否定回答:No,主语+hadn't

④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)

语法判定:

( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如:

I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.