翻译第一讲：主语的选择
英汉语主语的差异：
•英语是主语突出的语言，它常用无生命的或不能主动发出动作的名词作句子的主语。（物称主语）
•汉语则是主题突出的语言。在以人为本的汉语中则很少使用无生命的名词充当主语。（人称主语）
对策一: 不变应万变
∙As president of a small college, I am keenly aware of the job market that awaits this year’s graduates.
∙Our economy, but for the occasional bump in the road, is fundamentally sound.
(0903)
∙上海男人常被戏称为“妻管严”。（0709）
∙青浦地区江河纵横，海上贸易自古繁盛。（0803）
对策二: 乾坤大挪移
∙Wii has become more and more popular among American kids.
∙The cause for the fire has escaped the detective.
∙用辉煌50年的提法来总结半个世纪中国外交的成就是非常正确的。
∙恐怖主义犯罪分子通过各种方式制造紧张态势，是违背世界人民的意志和时代潮流的。
对策三: 添枝加叶法
∙In country after country, talk of nonsmokers’ rights is in the air.
∙Whether this relatively rosy picture will persist beyond the holidays, however, is much debated.
∙弄得不好就会前功尽弃。
∙上海将花20年左右的时间建设成为一个现代化的多功能的国际大都市。
对策四: 选物不选人
∙他突然想到了一个新主意。
∙谁也不能以不懂法律来为自己辩解。
∙活动期间，学校还为“5.12地震”灾区捐助了共计42万元的款物。
∙会议之后，客户纷纷要求退货。
∙随着企业规模的逐渐扩大，我发现商学院学到的东西越来越有用。
∙接下来的几个星期，外界纷纷开始对公司进行估值。
阅读部分：如何猜测词义
方法一：利用前后缀
常见的表否定意义的前缀有：un-，dis-，mis-，im-，non-，in-等。如：unable，disappear，indirect，irregular，misunderstanding。
常见的后缀有名词性的：-ment，-tion，-sion，-ship等。
形容词性的：-y，-ful，less，-ous，-able等。
动词性的：-en，-fy等
∙Old employees worry about being forced out of work prematurely by young people.
∙As a manager of high-profile athletes for more than 30 years, I know the career and marketability of an athlete.
∙She can think of it as a reflective phase. In this phase, she can be a legendary figure who function as an ambassador for his or her sport.
方法二：利用逻辑关系
对比关系： unlike，not，but，however，nevertheless， despite，in spite of，in contrast，on the other hand 和while
∙Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.
∙ A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.
∙Kate’s friends were talking noisily about the coming party, but Kate remained reticent all the time.
同比关系: similarly，like，just as，also
∙Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
因果关系: because，since，as，for，so，as a result, therefore, so/such…that ∙Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.
∙The light was so caliginous that it was impossible to tell who was speaking. 方法三：利用上下文
∙All the other members are of the same opinion. They are unanimous.
∙Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.
∙I’m a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I won’t give it up easily.
∙He is very fastidious. It is extremely difficult to please and satisfy him.
∙§外交常用词汇§
∙Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部
Protocol Department 礼宾司
Information Department 新闻司
diplomatic mission 外交代表机构
embassy 大使馆
legation 公使馆
consulate-general 总领事馆
consulate 领事馆
military attaché's office, 武官处
commercial counselor’s office 商务处
press section, information service 新闻处
liaison office 联络处
diplomat 外交家, 外交官
diplomatic rank 外交官衔
diplomatic representative 外交代表
members of the administrative and technical st aff 行政技术人员
ambassador 大使
counselor 参赞
first secretary 一等秘书
second secretary 二等秘书
third secretary 三等秘书
attaché, 随员
commercial secretary 商务参赞
cultural secretary 文化参赞
commercial attaché, 商务专员
cultural attaché, 文化专员
military attaché, 武官
naval attaché, 海军武官
air attaché, 空军武官consul-general 总领事
consul 领事
dean of the diplomatic corps 外交使团团长roving ambassador 巡回大使ambassador-at-large 无任所大使
special envoy 特使
accredited to ... 向…派遣的
foreign affairs 外交
memorandum 备忘录
persona non-grat 不受欢迎的人commnique 公报
announcement 公告, 通告
letter of credence, credentials 国书
mutual recognition 互相承认establishment of diplomatic relations 建立外交关系
letter of introduction 介绍书
during one's absence 离任期间identification card 身份证
statement 声明
de facto recognition 事实上承认
persona grata 受欢迎的人
diplomatic practice 外交惯例
diplomatic immunities 外交豁免diplomatic privileges 外交特权diplomatic channels 外交途径
diplomatic courier 外交信使
diplomatic bag 外交邮袋
letter of appointment 委任书
certificate of appointment 委任证书
