第十二组(建议用时：20分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解When Stephen Dennis, a retired homebuilder in Bellevue, was raising his two sons in the 1980s, he never heard the phrase “screen time”，nor did he worry much about the hours his kids spent on technology. When he bought an Apple Ⅱ Plus computer, he considered it an investment in their future and encouraged them to use it as much as possible.But things have changed with his grandkids and their social media tools.“It almost seems like an addiction，” said Mr. Dennis. “In the old days you had a computer and you had a TV and you had a phone but none of them were linked to the outside world but the phone. You didn’t have this omnipresence(无所不在) of technology.”True, the anxieties these days seem particularly severe—as, of course, they always have. Smartphones have a highly customized, 24/7 presence in our lives that feeds parental fears of antisocial behavior and stranger danger.What hasn’t changed, though, is a general parental fear of what kids are doing out of sight. In previous generations, this often meant kids wandering around on their own or slipping out at night to drink. These days, it might mean hiding in their bedroom and chatting with strangers online.Less than a century ago, the radio set off similar fears. “The radio seems to find parents more helpless than did the funnies, the automobile, the movies and other earlier invaders of the home, because it could not be locked out or the children be locked in，”Sidonie Matsner Gruenberg, director of the Child Study Association of America, told The Washington Post in 1931. She added that the biggest worry radio gave parents was how it interfered with other interests—conversation, music practice, group games, and reading. In the early 1930s a group of mothers from Scarsdale, N．Y., pushed radio broadcasters to change programs they thought were too “overstimulating, frightening, and emotionally overpowering” for kids, said Margaret Cassidy, a media historian at Adelphi University in New York.Then television burst into the public consciousness with incomparable speed. By 1955, more than half of all US homes had a blackandwhite set, according to Mitchell Stephens, a media historian at New York University.The_handwringing_started_almost_as_quickly. A 1961 Stanford University study on 6，000 children, 2，000 parents, and 100 teachers found that more than half of the kids studied watched “adult” programs such as crime shows, and shows that featured “emotional problems”. Researchers were shocked at the TV violence present even in children’s programming.By the end of that decade, Congress had authorized $1 million (about $7 million today) to study the effects of TV violence, moving “literally thousands of projects” in the following years, Professor Cassidy said. That eventually led the American Academy of Pediatrics(AAP) to adopt,in 1984, its first recommendation that parents limit their kids’ exposure to technology. The medical association argued that television sent unrealistic messages around drugs and alcohol, could lead to overweight, and might fuel violence.Video games presented a different challenge. Decades of study have failed to confirm the most widespread fear that violent games encourage violent behavior. But from the moment the games appeared as a cultural force in the early 1980s, parents were anxious about the way kids could lose themselves in games as simple and repetitive as “Space Invaders”. Some cities sought to restrict the spread of arcades(游戏厅); Mesquite, Texas, for instance, insisted that the under17 group need parental monitoring.Initially, the Internet—known as an “information superhighway” that could connect kids to the world’s knowledge—got a similar pass for helping with homework and research. Yet as the Internet began linking people together, often in ways that connected previously lonely people, familiar concerns soon reappeared.1．What’s the author’s purpose in using the example in the first 3 paragraphs?A．To explain the confusion of Dennis.B．To show stable ways of teaching children.C．To reveal the change of parents’ anxieties.D．To introduce the development of technology.2．Why do the anxieties seem so serious nowadays?A．Children go out to drink in pubs at night.B．Children always slip out to meet strangers.C．Children often stay out with friends too late.D．Children are deeply influenced by technology.3．What might be the worry about the radio for parents in the past?A．Listening to the radio everywhere.B．Disturbing people’s daily routine.C．Broadcasting too many sad programs.D．Making children become more selfish.4．The underlined part in Paragraph 8 means ________．A．kids watched too many TV programsB．many anxieties followed very fastC．researchers conducted studies widelyD．violent programs appeared constantly5．What challenge did video games present?A．Worries about video games could last long.B．Violence could result from violent games.C．The spread of arcades was out of control.D．Kids could be addicted to video games.6．What does the passage mainly talk about?A．Technology is harmful to the growth of kids.B．Good old days are gone with the technology.C．Concern about technology is a longtime affair.D．Technology is actually like a twoedged sword.Ⅱ.任务型阅读(2019·扬州中学质检)We all know what makes for good character in soldiers.We’ve seen the movies about heroes who display courage, loyalty and coolness under fire.But what about somebody who sits in front of a keyboard all day? Is it possible to display and cultivate character if you are just an information age office clerk, alone with a memo or your computer? Of course it is.Even if you are alone in your office, you are thinking.Thinking well under an era of information may be a different sort of moral challenge than fighting well under a hail of bullets, but it’s a character challenge nonetheless.In their book, Intellectual Virtues, RobertC．Roberts of Baylor University and W．Jay Wood of Wheaton College list some of the Intellectual virtues.We can all grade ourselves on how good we are at each of them.First, there is courage.The obvious form of intellectual courage is the willingness to hold unpopular views.But the slighter form is knowing how much risk to take in jumping to conclusions.The impulsive thinker takes a few pieces of information and leaps to some faraway theory.The perfectionist, on the other hand, is unwilling to put anything out there except under ideal conditions for fear that he could be wrong.Intellectual courage is selfregulation, Roberts and Wood argue, knowing when to be daring and when to be cautious.The philosopher Thomas Kuhn pointed out that scientists often simply ignore facts that don’t fit with their existing paradigms(范式), but an intellectually courageous person is willing to look at things that are surprisingly hard to look at.Second, there is firmness.You don’t want to be a person who abandons his beliefs at the slightest sign of opposition.On the other hand, you don’t want to hold rigidly to a belief against all evidence.The median point between flaccidity(软弱) and rigidity is the virtue of firmness.The firm believer can build a steady worldview on solid materials but still delight in new information.He can gracefully adjust the strength of his belief to the strength of the evidence.Firmness is a quality of mental alertness.Third, there is modesty, which is not letting your own desire for status get in the way of accuracy.The modest person fights against pride and selfimportance.He’s not writing those sentences people write to make themselves seem smart; he’s not thinking of himself much at all.The modest researcher doesn’t become arrogant toward his subject, assuming he has mastered it.Such aperson is delighted to learn from anyone at any stage in life.Fourth, there is autonomy.You don’t want to be a person who blindly adopts whatever opinion your teacher or some author gives you.On the other hand, you don’t want to reject all guidance from people who know what they are talking about.Autonomy is the median of knowing when to bow to authority and when not to, when to follow a role model and when not to, when to stick to tradition and when not to.Finally, there is generosity.This virtue starts with the willingness to share knowledge and give others credit.But it also means hearing others as they would like to be heard, looking for what each person has to teach and not looking to jump on others for their errors.Montaigne once wrote that “We can be knowledgeable with other men’s knowledge, but we can’t be wise with other men’s wisdom.”That’s because wisdom isn’t a body of information.It’s the moral quality of knowing how to handle your own limitations.Character tests are existing everywhere even in modern everyday life.It’s possible to be heroic if you’re just sitting alone in your office.It just doesn’t make for a good movie.Intellectual VirtuesPassage Outline Supporting Details1.____________ you are not a hero at war and live in peace, youstill have chances to display intellectual virtues.Intellectual virtues 2.____________ by the experts·A person with intellectual courage is willing to stick to theviews not well 3.____________. ·You should 4.____________ flaccidity and rigidity to possessthe virtue of firmness.·In addition to the established steady worldview, you should be5.____________ to new ideas and adjust your belief flexibly.Introduction·Rather than being proud and selfimportant,modest people are6.____________ on learning from others whenever possible.·Autonomy means you have the ability to make your owndecisions about what to do instead of being 7.____________ bysomeone else or told what to do.·A generous person tends to share knowledge and applaudothers in 8.____________ of their achievements.·You should be a good listener and learner instead of finding9.____________ with others.Summary Only when we know how to 10.____________ with ourlimitations can we be wise.第十二组Ⅰ.阅读理解【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。
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