主谓一致
（**）主谓一致的概念。
所谓主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间,即（主语的人称和单复数形式）决定着（谓语动词对应的形式）。
（一）主谓一致的种类
一、【语法一致】
1.
(1) 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。
He and she _____both students of this school.
（2）如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。
The singer and dancer____ going to give us a performance.
The knife and fork ____on the table.
2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。
When he is coming seems very important.
Collecting stamps is his hobby.
To love her is not to break her wings. 爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。.
3. 定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，要与<先行词>的人称和数保持一致。
Those who enjoy singing may join us.
Tom, who is your friend, should help you.
如果句子中有这些连接词（with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including）和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。
The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street.
二、[意义一致原则]
指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意义。（有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。）
1中心词为all, most, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。
All of the apples ____rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。
All of the apple ____rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。
None of the money_____ left. 没有剩下一点钱。
None of the students _____ there. 没有学生在那里。
2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。
Half of the students _____finished their composition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。
Half of the apple ____bad. 一半的苹果坏了。
About 60 percent of the students in our school ____boys. 我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生.
3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。
His family ____going out. 他们全家要外出。
His family ____all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。
4. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。
The police are searching for a thief.
The cattle are eating grass on the hill.
5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone,
anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。
Someone is asking for you.
Nothing is found in the room.
6. 一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of 等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
The pair of shoes is worn out. 这双鞋破了。
The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破了。
7. 某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。
Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科。
8. 不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词<即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时>，谓语动词仍用单数形式。every... and every ...; each ... and each ...; no ... and no ... 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。
Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.
Each man and each woman is asked to attend.
Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。
No sound and no voice is heard. 听不到任何声音。
9. 以a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
A number of new books are on the desk.
The number of students in you class is 50.
10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。
Not every means is useful. 不是每种方法都好使。
Not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。
11.如果主语有more than one（很多非常）或many a(许多)构成，one and a half与单数名词组成的短语。尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式：
More than one student has read the book.
Many a girl has been there.
但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。
More members than one are against your plan.
A pair of shoes was on the desk. Many a boy has seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。
12. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。
Thirty years is not a long time.
Roots is a famous American novel.
三、[就近原则]
either ... or; neither ... nor; not only ... but also, whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。
Neither you nor I am wrong.
There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.
Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.
[注意事项]
1. this kind of book = a book of this kind (这种书) , 其谓语用单数; 短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口语) (这一类人), 但this kind of men 的谓语用单数, men of this kind 的谓语用复数, all kinds of 后跟复数名词, 谓语用复数形式。
