考研必看之Paraphrase综合

Unit 1●翻译：（黑体的汉字表‎示与教师用书‎不同，斜体的汉字表‎示重点翻译不‎要遗漏）pas‎s ion, wisdom‎, altrui‎s m, insigh‎t, creati‎v ity—someti‎m es only the trials‎of advers‎itycan foster‎these qualit‎ies, becaus‎e someti‎m es only drasti‎c situat‎ions can force us to take on the painfu‎l proces‎s of change‎. (Para.6)慈悲、智慧、无私、洞察力及创造‎力——有时只有经历‎逆境的考验才‎能培育这些品‎质，因为有时只有‎极端的情形才‎能迫使我们去‎承受痛苦的改‎变过程。

2.In that moment‎, our sense of invuln‎e rabil‎i ty is pierce‎d, and the self-protec‎t ive mental‎armorthat normal‎l y stands‎betwee‎n us and our percep‎t ions of the world is torn away. (Para.12) 在事情发生的‎那一瞬间，我们的安全感‎被冲破了，平时处于我们‎与我们对世界‎的种种看法之‎间的自我保护‎的精神盔甲被‎剥离了。

3.They say that materi‎a l ambiti‎o ns sudden‎ly seem silly and the pleasu‎r es of friend‎s and family‎paramo‎u nt—and that the crisis‎allowe‎d them to recogn‎ize in line with their new priori‎t ies.(Para.14)他们说物质追‎求突然间变得‎很无聊，而朋友和家庭‎带来的快乐变‎得极为重要，他们还说危机‎使他们能够按‎照这些新的优‎先之事来重新‎认识生活。

PARAPHRASEUNIT11.For twenty minutes,the terminal area was aswarm with activity as cars and lorries poured forth,customs people did their duties,and everyone made for the London road(有二十分钟光景，多佛港站头上沸反盈天，这头轿车卡车势如潮涌，那厢海关差役恪尽职守，人人都忙着赶路去伦敦).-The ferry port was busy with activities for twenty minutes. A lot of cars and lorries went in continuous stream out of the port, customs officers were busy doing their duties, and everybody was moving towards the London road.2.I was socially and sartorially ill-suited for such an establishment and anyway it was clearly beyond my meager budget(就我这阶层，就我这身打扮，跟这么一栋楼是格格不入的，而且，不管怎么说吧，我口袋里那几个寒碜的子儿，显然付不起这笔开销).-The Churchill is such a luxurious hotel that it is only suitable for those rich people who are socially respectable and well dressed. For me, a poor man not well dressed, it is definitely not suitable. Besides I did not have much money to spend and could not afford it any way.3.Further along Marine Parade stood a shelter,open to the elements but roofed,and I decided that this was as good as I was going to get(沿着海滨大道再往前一段，矗立着一座棚屋，四壁洞开，但好歹有个屋顶，于是我认定能栖身此地对我已是能有的最好选择).-In the distance on the Marine Parade I found a structure with a roof although it was exposed to natural forces. I decided that it could serve my purpose and would be as good as a room in a guesthouse.4.The bench was slatted and hard and studded with big roundheaded bolts that made reclining in comfort an impossibility—doubtless their intention(长凳上覆了层板条，硬邦邦的，还敲着圆头大螺钉，想舒舒服服地躺着根本不可能——毫无疑问，他们这是存心的). -The bench was made of thin pieces of wood and thus very hard to sleep on. Besides it was decorated with big roundheaded bolts. Therefore it was impossible to lie on it in a comfortable way. There is no doubt that the bench was designed in this way on purpose.5.Afterwards,feeling a new man,I emerges with a toothpick and a burp,and sauntered happily through the streets,watching Dover come to life.It must be said that Dover was not vastly improved by daylight,but I like it(饭一吃完，顿感自己焕然一新，我叼着牙签，打着饱嗝，在大街小巷上闲逛，看着多佛港醒过来。

考研英语（一）真题研究系列之长难句（2000～2003）要求：1.背诵下列每个句子；2.掌握每个句子的用法；3.本次长难句研究包含较难翻译的句子，需要仔细体会。

1.2002 Text1 (para.3)With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman.→you mustn’t attempt to cut in with other audiences with humor as they will resent an outsider (making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman).(1)resent (vt.) 憎恨，愤恨(2)cut in with sb. = talk about sth. with sb.(3)disparage (vt.) 蔑视，诽谤2.2002 Text2 (para.4)Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year of 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.(1)a spell of (a + n. +of = some; many)(2)initial = primitive(3)transistor circuits and microprocessors (晶体管电路和微处理器)= devices; machine; robot(4)by decades if not centuries 数十年甚至数百年(if not = even; and)3.2002 Text3 (para.3)In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifth of the retail prices, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.(1)account for 占据(2)muted (adj.) 轻微的，悄无声息的4.2002 Text4 (para.4)Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principal of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principal holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen —is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.(1)constitutional right 宪法权利(2)in effect 实际上(3)moral (道德的) mortal (致命的)(4)permissible 可允许的，容许的pessimistic 悲观的(5)effect效果Translation：尽管最高法院(it代表上文的The Supreme Court)裁定没有医生协助自杀的宪法权利，但是实际上法院支持“双重效果”的医疗准则，这一古老的道德准则认为一个行为产生两种效果——一个是想要取得的好的效果，另一个是可以预见的坏的效果——如果实施者仅仅是想取得好的效果的话，那么则是可以允许的。

Text,B,,Family-unfriendly,Policies01.…,,even,after,a,significant,reform,of,the,welfare,system,,the,single,welfare,mother,has,become,the,public,symbol,of,much,of,what,is,wrong,with,America’s,social,service,programs.,(para,8)0即使福利制度发生重大变革后，领取福利金的单身母亲成了美国福利政策的主要问题。

0Paraphrase:a.,Though,a,major,reform,of,the,welfare,system,has,been,carried,out,,the,policies,of,aiding,the,single,mother,is,still,a,demonstration(a, good,example),to,show,that,the,American,social,service,programs,have,fundamental,problems.0b.,Even,after,a,major,reform,in,welfare,system,,the,single,mother,still,enjoy,too,much,benefits,,which,is,always,regarded,as,the,main,pr oblem,in,America’s,social,service,programs.02.Federal,aid,should,give,incentives,for,couples,to,form,and,sustain,healthy,marriages,,not,encouragement,for,single,parenthood,and,nonmarital,birth.,(para,8)0联邦援助应该鼓励夫妻双方建立并维系健康的婚姻，而不是鼓励单亲家庭和未婚生育。

Part Two To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals-no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, "Then I would have to say yes." Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such well-meaning people just don't understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could "adopt" middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.6. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to ________. [A] call on scientists to take some actions. [B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights. [C] warn of the doom of biomedical research. [D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement.7. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is ________. [A] cruel but natural. [B] inhuman and unacceptable [C] inevitable but vicious. [D] pointless and wasteful.8. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's ________. [A] discontent with animal research. [B] ignorance about medical science. [C] indifference to epidemics. [D] anxiety about animal rights.9. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should _____. [A] communicate more with the public. [B] employ hi-tech means in research. [C] feel no shame for their cause. [D] strive to develop new cures.10. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is ________. [A] a well-known humanist. [B] a medical practitioner. [C] an enthusiast in animal rights. [D] a supporter of animal research.Unit 10 （2003） Part 2重点词汇：1.　paraphrase（n.v.释意）即para+phrase，para-前缀表“在旁边、辅助”，phrase即“短语；⽤短语表达”，故“⽤短语辅助表达”→释意。

综合英语2ParaphraseUnit 11. With the building in flames, one man needed help.on fire / burning2. For some, it was a matter of geography—not just which tower they worked in or on which floor, but in which corner of the building.a matter of where they were3. Mayblum had worked with Ramos off and on for 14 years.in an irregular way / in a intermittent way4. Ramos had stopped to help the heavyset man Mayblum had seen earlier. “I’ll give you a hand,” Hong said.help you / do you a favor5. So far, so good. He pressed “52,” went back up and collected Ramos and the heavyset man.Things were OK until that momentUnit 21. When young, you are apt to be obsessed with your appearance.are likely to / are prone to2. If our parents didn’t get them for u s, we felt our would fall apart.break up3. I often wonder how my parents, and parents in general, manage to tolerate their children during the adolescent years.as a whole4. And women, I’m embarrassed to admit, even more than men, have always seemed to be at the mercy of fashion.completely controlled by5. It’s no wonder that, despite their carefree fa?ade, they are often confused, uncertain, and troubled by all the unknowns in their future.not surprising / quite naturalUnit 31. We slipped away to Las Vegas to tie the knot.get married2. Anne has kept me going through…, given that I’m sometimes an actor wrapped up in his ego.considering3. He encouraged me to authorize him to remove Ann e’s breast then and there.at that time and place without any delay4. In the midst of writing my latest book, My Stroke of Luck,I had an epiphany, inspired by my wife.When5. What sets the survivors apart from the others is the willingness to move on, and to help others move on too.distinguishesUnit 41. Everyone, it seems, provided, of course, they can afford to do so, need never be out of touch.as long as / ifcan always get in touch with sb. else2. Conferences and business meetings around the globe are held in English, regardless of whether anyone present is a native English speaker.no matter3. Most fundamental is the profound relationship between language and culture that lies at the heart of society and one thatwe overlook at our peril.fail to notice sth. at great risks4. …a state of mind that is not despair, angst, sadness or regret, but hovers somewhere in and around all those words.explains by those words in different degrees5. The early Bible translators hit the problem of untranslatability head-on.came across the problem of translating in a direct wayUnit 51. I became afflicted with a slowly progressive disease of the motor nerves…a disease that gradually became more and more serious2. In spite of my disease I still drove to and from work each day, with the aid ofspecial equipment installed in my car.with the help of3. The door opened and a little girl stood there, peering at me.looking very carefully and hard at4. H e said, “This is a bad night for car trouble, but you’re al l set now.”are ready5. I realized that I was filled to overflowing with self-pity, selfishness, indifference to the needs of others and thoughtlessness.not caring aboutUnit 61. I passed a young girl of no more than twelve or thirteen.only2. A saying I once heard strikes a painful note in my head.makes me feel painful3. More blood has been shed and my body simply cannot take it.Further casualties have been caused4. Word has it that the Axis powers are sending troops to our location within the month.It is said that5. They all came here with an air of confidence and eagerness, ready to win.appearing full ofUnit 71. The essence of success is that there’s never enough of it to go round in a zero-sum game wh ere one person’s winning must be offset by another’s losing.most important part2. To lose, to fail, to go under, to go broke—these are deadly sins in a world where prosperity in the present is seen as a sure sign of salvation in the future.mortal sins / sins leading to damnation3. I hope to show you that your grade, taken at face value, is apt to be dangerously misleading, both to you and to others.making you think or act wrongly4. The level of your proficiency has been determined by your performance of rather conventional tasks.traditional tasks5. But they are important; crucially so, because they are always in short supply.not enoughUnit 81. With the possible exception of another world war…globalwarming may be the single largest threat to our planet.Except2. In essence, these gases are trapping excess heat in the Earth’s atmosphere in much the same way that a windshield traps solar energy that enters a car.Basically / Fundamentally3. To reduce the emission of heart-trapping gases…use technologies that reduce the amount of emissions wherever possible, and protect the forests in the world.wherever it is possible4. We are also advocating policies that will combat global warming over the long term…over a long period / in a long round5. …things like clean cars that run on alternativ e fuels, environmentally responsible renewable energy technologies, and stopping the clear-cutting of valuable forests.optional / replacement / substitutiveUnit 91. It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves.not typical of the American people’s idea, life2. And at the same time the forces of American commercialism are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately unhappy.the activities or attitude of people who think that making profit is more important than anything else3. For that matter, our whole economy is based on a dedicated insatiability.It’s also true that4. Once past the vaguely uplifting fiction and feature articles,the reader finds the other face of the dream in the back matter.aspect5. The active discipline of heightening one’s perception of what is enduring in nature world have been his idea of the high.essentiallyUnit 101. Word got around about “those pants of L evi’s” and Strauss was in business.2. They draw no distinctions and recognize no classes: they are merely American.3. For two years he was a lowly peddler, hauling some 180 pounds of sundries door-to-door to eke out a marginal living.4. When a married sister offered to pay his way West in 1850, he jumped at the opportunity, taking with him bolts of canvas he hoped to sell for tenting.5. …with sales largely confined to the working people of the West—cowboys, lumberjacks, railroad workers, and the like.Unit 111. We must acknowledge what has happened, face up to the other person and say: “You did me wrong.”2. Let go of the past.3. Some say that forgiveness is unjust because the wrongdoer should not be let off the hook.4. Gandhi was right: If we al l live by the “eye for an eye” brand of justice, the whole world will be blind.5. We must finally be reconciled with our foe, lest we both perish in the vicious circle of hatred.。

A paraphrase is a restatement of a source in about the same number of words. Paraphrasing enables you to demonstrate that you have understood your reading; it also enables you to help your audience understand the results of your reading. The most common reason for paraphrasing is to restate difficult material more simply. Your restatement of someone else‘s words should honor two important principles: your version should be almost entirely in your own words, and your words should accurately convey the content of the original passage. If you simply change a few words in a passage, you have not adequately restated it. As you compare the source below with the paraphrase that follows, notice differences in sentence structure as well as word choice.Example:Source (from Walden by Henry David Thoreau, page 109)Most men, even in this comparatively free country, through mere ignorance and mistake, are so occupied with the factitious cares and superfluously coarse labors of life that its finer fruits cannot be plucked by them.ParaphraseThoreau argued that most people miss some of the best pleasures in life because they make the mistake of working unnecessarily hard and worrying about unimportant problems (109).How to ParaphraseIt is not true that only direct quotations need to be cited. Failure to acknowledge the source of an indirect quotation or paraphrase is also a form of plagiarism.Paraphrase means you restate the author‘s idea, meaning, and information in your own words.Methods of ParaphrasingLook away from the source and then write.Read the text you want to paraphrase several times until you understand it and can use your own words to restate it. Then look away from the original and rewrite in your own words. Think of what your own words would be if you were telling someone unfamiliar with the topic.Take notes. Take abbreviated notes; set the notes aside then paraphrase from the notes a day or so later.While looking at the source, first change the sentence structure, then the words.But remember, no matter how much you change it, you still must CITE it!Further Reading Material on How to Paraphrase a sourceHow to paraphrase a sourceGeneral advice1. When reading a passage, try first to understand it as a whole, rather than pausing to write down specific ideas or phrases.2. Be selective. Unless your assignment is to do a formal or "literal" paraphrase, you usually don?t need to paraphrase an entire passage; instead, choose and summarize the material that helps you make a point in your paper.3. Think of what "your own words" would be if you were telling someone who's unfamiliar with your subject (your mother, your brother, a friend) what the original source said.4. Remember that you can use direct quotations of phrases from the original within your paraphrase, and that you don't need to change or put quotation marks around shared language.Methods of ParaphrasingA. Look away from the sourcethen write. Read the text you want to paraphrase several times until you feel that you understand it and can use your own words to restate it to someone else. Then, look away from the original and rewrite the text in your own words.B. Take notes. Take abbreviated notes; set the notes aside; then paraphrase from the notes a day or so later, or when you draft.If you find that you can't do A or B, this may mean that you don't understand the passage completely or that you need to use a more structured process until you have more experience in paraphrasing.The method below is not only a way to create a paraphrase but also a way to understand a difficult text.C. While looking at the source, first change the structure, then the words. For example, consider the following passage from Love and Toil (a book on motherhood in London from 1870 to 1918), in which the author, Ellen Ross, puts forth one of her major arguments:Love and Toil maintains that family survival was the mother's main charge among the large majority of London?s population who were poor or working class; the emotional and intellectual nurture of her child or children and even their actual comfort were forced into the background. To mother was to work for and organize household subsistence. (p. 9)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Change the structureBegin by starting at a different place in the passage and/or sentence(s), basing your choice on the focus of your paper. This will lead naturally to some changes in wording. Some places you might start in the passage above are "The mother's main charge," "Among the . . . poor or working class," "Working for and organizing household subsistence," or "The emotional and intellectual nurture." Or you could begin with one of the people the passage is about: "Mothers," "A mother," "Children," "A child." Focusing on specific people rather than abstractions will make your paraphrase more readable.At this stage, you might also break up long sentences, combine short ones, expand phrases for clarity, or shorten them for conciseness, or you might do this in an additional step. In this process, you'll naturally eliminate some words and change others.Here's one of the many ways you might get started with a paraphrase of the passage above by changing its structure. In this case, the focus of the paper is the effect of economic status on children at the turn of the century, so the writer begins with children:Children of the poor at the turn of the century received little if any emotional or intellectual nurturing from their mothers, whose main charge was family survival. Working for and organizing household subsistence were what defined mothering. Next to this, even the children's basic comfort was forced into the background (Ross, 1995).Now you've succeeded in changing the structure, but the passage still contains many direct quotations, so you need to go on to the second step.Change the wordsUse synonyms or a phrase that expresses the same meaning. Leave shared language unchanged.It's important to start by changing the structure, not the words, but you might find that as you change the words, you see ways to change the structure further. The final paraphrase might look like this:According to Ross (1993), poor children at the turn of the century received little mothering in our sense of the term. Mothering was defined by economic status, and among the poor, a mother's foremost responsibility was not to stimulate her children's minds or foster their emotional growth but to provide food and shelter to meet the basic requirements for physical survival. Given the magnitude of this task, children were deprived of even the "actual comfort" (p. 9) we expect mothers to provide today. You may need to go through this process several times to create a satisfactory paraphrase.Process for Writing a SummaryA summary is a concise restatement (shorter than the original source). An essential skill for writing research papers, summarizing enables writers to report the work of others without getting bogged down in unnecessary detail. Summarize whenever you can save space by condensing a passage (or, in some cases, an entire work).--------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Read with the Writer's Purpose in MindRead the article carefully, making no notes or marks and looking only for what the writer is saying.After you've finished reading, write down in one sentence the point that is made about the subject. Then look for the writer's thesis and underline it.Does this thesis correspond with the sentence you wrote down? If not, adjust your sentence or reconsider the thesis you selected.Look at the article again and ask yourself if your view is slanted toward one of the essay's minor points. If it is, adjust your sentence so that it is slanted toward the writer's major point.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Underline with Summarizing in MindOnce you clearly understand the writer's major point (or purpose) for writing, read the article again. This time underline the major points supporting the thesis; these should be words or phrases here and there rather than complete sentences.In addition, underline key transitional elements which show how parts are connected. Omit specific details, examples, description, and unnecessary explanations. Note: you may need to go through the article twice in order to pick up everything you need.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Write, Revise, and Edit to Ensure the Accuracy and Correctness of Your Summary Writing Your SummaryNow begin writing your summary.Start with a sentence naming the writer and article title and stating the essay's main idea.Then write your summary, omitting nothing important and striving for overall coherence through appropriate transitions.OPTION 1The article "Gold and Silver," by Joe Lawrence, found in the September 3, 2002 issue of Newsweek on pages 29-32, states that gold and silver are still the precious metals to invest in because their value never goes down.OPTION 2Joe Lawrence states in "Gold and Silver," Newsweek; September 3, 2002; pgs. 29-3.), that gold and silver are still the precious metals to invest in because their value never goes down.OPTION 3In the article "Gold and Silver," (Newsweek; September 3, 2002; pgs. 29-3.)) Joe Lawrence states that gold and silver are still the precious metals to invest in because their value never goes down.OPTION 4The article "Gold and Silver," by Joe Lawrence, found in Newsweek, September 3, 2002, pages 29-32, states that gold and silver are still the precious metals to invest in because their value never goes down.Be concise, using coordination and subordination to compress ideas.Conclude with a final statement reflecting the significance of the article -- not from your own point of view but from the writer's.bhThroughout the summary, do not insert your own opinions or thoughts; instead summarize what the writer has to say about the subject.Revising Your SummaryAfter you've completed a draft, read your summary and check for accuracy.Does your summary make the same point as the article?Have you omitted anything important?Does your summary read smoothly with all parts clearly related?Keep in mind that a summary should generally be no more than one-fourth the length of the original. If your summary is too long, cut out words rather than ideas. Then look for non-essential information and delete it.Write another draft -- still a draft for revision -- and ask someone to read it critically. Can that person understand the sense of the article by reading your summary?Ask for criticism; then weigh these criticisms and make valid changes.Editing Your SummaryCorrect grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors, looking particularly for those common in your writing.Write a clean draft and proofread for copying errors.Summary Samples:Weak (the author describes the article rather than summarizes):1) Chepesiuk, R. (2005, January). Decibel hell. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113. A35-A41.This article focuses on the growing problem and cause of noise pollution. It explores the effects of population growth, urban sprawl, and the increase of traffic and aircraft prevalence on noise levels. This article offers specific information regarding decibel measurements and risks of prolonged exposure. The author provides specific decibel levels for a variety of machines and situations.Better: (the author summarizes by providing key details):2) Chepesiuk, R. (2005, January). Decibel hell. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113. A35-A41.This article provides information on the growing problem and causes of noise pollution. Population growth, urban sprawl, and increases in traffic and aircraft transportation are having a marked effect on noise levels. Escalating decibel levels and prolonged exposure increase the risks to hearing and health. In the United States, 30 million employees are vulnerable to the possibility of hearing loss because of hazardous noise levels on the job. Children and animals are also at risk to the physical effects of noise, such as stress, elevated blood pressure, and increased heart rate. Various decibel measuring machines are available for various situations. In conclusion, the article show that health and hearing risks due to combined decibel levels and extended exposures occur in everyday life.Furthering Reading on How to Write a Summary (I)Notes on how to write a summary(adapted from Sixty Steps to Précis by L.G. Alexander)1. Read the passage carefully twice.2. Read the instructions carefully to find out what you are required to do, marking in on the original passage the point at which you should begin to write yoursummary and where you should end it.3. Read the passage a third time, making a list of all the points you have to use. These notes should be very brief.4. Using this list of points, write a rough draft of the summary, referring to the original passage only when you want to make sure of some point. This will helpyou to reproduce the main substance of the passage in your own words.5. The number of words should be counted when you have finished the rough draft and not after each sentence.6. After having counted the number of words in the draft and after you have made any alterations that you think are necessary, then write out a neat copy of your summary in a single paragraph, not forgetting to mention the exact number ofwords you have used at the end.Points to rememberYour summary must be accurate – you must get all you information from the passage and never change or add extra information to the original.Your summary should be written in such a way that it may be read as a continuous paragraph. In order for you to be able to do this, you should use linkwords like ‗but‘, ‗and‘, ‗however‘, ‗also‘ etc. in order to connect your points.When you become more confident, you may also use link words such as ‗since‘‗though‘, ‗even if‘, ‗when‘, ‗after‘, ‗before‘.PrécisWe reached a point where the path crossed a motor road under construction, and we could see that it ran through a cutting made in the side of the steep hill. Men were working in the cutting, and there were more men far up the hillside above it. The bed of the cutting was full of huge boulders which were to form the foundation of the road.Over these boulders we picked our way with difficulty, jumping from one to the other like so many goats. In the middle of them I stopped to take a photograph, while the others went on ahead. Suddenly I heard shouts, followed by a dull sound of an explosion from the hillside above me. Looking up, I found I was now alone in the cutting. The smoke of a blasting charge floated out against the blue sky, and an enormous rock was bounding savagely down the hill.I had no doubt where it was going to land. It was going to land on me. This opinion was clearly shared by the men who had released the boulder, as they were gesticulating wildly two hundred yards above me. I made a prodigious leap from my rock to the next. The galloping boulder bumped against the hillside, kicked up a cloud of dust and slightly changed direction. It was still coming straight for me. There was nothing to be done but to take cover if I could find any; otherwise the prospect beforeme was one of almost certain death. I glanced hastily around. Just as I was resigning myself to inevitable disaster, I noticed a narrow opening between two rocks quite near me. I reached this in time, wedged myself in and shut my eyes. With a tremendous thud the mass of rock struck the ground and came to rest a few feet away from me. It hardly splintered at all and none of the splinters came my way. It was indeed a miraculous escape.Describe in no more than 80 words what happened from the moment the writer heard the sound of the explosion until the mass of rock came to rest, Use your own words as far as possible, Do not include anything that is not in the passage. (Cambridge Lower Certificate in English Examination)MODELPoints – (What happened)1. Explosion – smoke- sky2. Rock bounded savagely.3. Men above gesticulated.4. Writer jumped- next rock.5. Boulder hit hillside – dust.6. Came towards him.7. Glanced round.8. Noticed opening – 2 rocks.9. Wedged himself in.10. Rock struck ground, thud.11. Stopped near him.Rough draft (Linking of points)After the explosion, the writer saw smoke drifting across the sky and a big rock rolling wildly down the hill. The men above waved to him to warn him of the danger and the writer jumped on to the next rock. Then the boulder struck the side of the hill and raised a cloud of duct. It then came towards the writer who quickly looked around for cover. The boulder struck the ground with a thud and stopped quite near him.(92 words)Neat copy (Corrected version) – Model AnswerAfter the explosion, smoke appeared in the sky and a great boulder came rolling wildly downhill. Above, the workmen waved to the writer warning him of the danger and he jumped on to a nearby rock. After striking the hillside and raising a cloud of dust, the boulder moved towards the man. Quickly glancing around for shelter, he noticed a gap between two rocks and wedged himself in it as the boulder thudded against the ground and then stopped still.Print out the following and work on the following text:Précis No. 1Early next morning the man left the village where he had spent the night. He took the narrow, winding, country road which he knew led to a small town some twelve miles away. After walking for two hours, he came to a path which cut across country and led directly to the town.Leaving the road, the man passed through a gate and was soon walking along the path. The fields were deserted. To the left and right of the path corn sheaves were arranged in neat rows. The only sign of human habitation was a small farmhouse across the fields away car travelling along the road he had recently left. He expected the noise to fade away in the distance.Instead it grew louder and louder and seemed to be coming from above. He looked up quickly and saw an aeroplane cutting a crazy zig-zag path across the sky. It disappeared for an instant behind some clouds, then emerged and plunged towards the field.The aeroplane was coming towards him. He gazed at it terrified and immediately took cover in a small hollow in the field, his eyes following the course of the aeroplane the whole time. As he watched it, he felt sure it would crash and burst into flames before his eyes. Then as if by a miracle, it pulled out of the dive and touched down on the field. The aeroplane bounced wildly across the uneven ground carrying away anything that lay in its path.In a matter of seconds, it crashed through a hedge only a few yards away from where the man was crouching. After that, all was still. The man stood up dazed. For a moment he thought of running to the farmhouse and asking for help; but he changed his mind and rushed towards the gap in the hedge.In not more than 80 words describe what the man saw and did from the time he heard the engine to the moment he ran towards the hedge.Furthering Reading on How to Write a Summary (II)How to Write a Summary(by Sandra Lynn, Associate Professor of English)What is a summary?It is a brief statement, in your own words, of the key points of a piece of writing, which we can call the original source. The writing you are summarizing, or original source, may be as long as a book or as short as a few paragraphs. Your summary of it may be as short as a single sentence or as long as a paragraph, but it will always be brief. Your summary will present in condensed form the main points of the original, so the summary will always be true to the main idea and primary supporting points of the writing being summarized. Your summary will also be objective and so will not include your personal ideas and opinions. It will reflect only the ideas of the original. How is it used?Summaries are used in all fields and in many ways. A business report will include what is called an executive summary that provides a condensation of the main points of the report. It can be read by an executive in too much of a hurry to read the entire report. Summaries are also called abstracts and appear at the beginning of articles in journals or in online listings of articles so that readers can decide if they want to read the full articles or not. Lawyers use a form of summary called a legal brief that presents the main facts about cases. Writers use summaries when they want to refer to an article or book that their readers may not be familiar with. Students use summaries in research papers so that they can sum up the main points of their sources. Teachers sometimes also assign summaries as a way of checking that students are carefully reading and understanding written materials or as an exercise in skillful writing. Summaries are brief and because of that are a challenge to write.How do I go about it?Writing a summary is like packing a single, small suitcase for a trip. Everything essential must be included, and all the non-essentials must be left out because the suitcase has very limited capacity. In a summary all the main points must be included, and all the non-essential points must be left out because the summary can be no longer than a paragraph.Steps:1. Read the original (book, chapter, article, essay, passage) carefully. Here are some basic tips for doing that:Be sure to note the title, any subtitle, and information about the author(s). Not only is this important to understanding what you read, but a stand-alone summary will include the t itle and author‘s name at the beginning in this format:“Time and the Mythic Present,‖ Chapter One of Thunder Rides a Black Horse by Claire Farrer.Identify the thesis or main point of the original.Identify the supporting points and note their order. Your summary must follow this order.Identify the sections of the original. Sometimes these sections will be identified for you with headings, but if not, you must do this for yourself. Sometimes the easiest way is to review just the topic sentences of the paragraphs to see how the writer develops his or her subject.Notice transitions from one paragraph to another and from section to section. These will allow you to follow the logic and flow of the reading.Note the emphasis given to certain points. Your summary must emphasize these same points.2. Write out in your own words one or two sentences that express the main point or thesis of the original. It may be helpful to ask yourself, as a good reporter would, What‘s the point?Who‘s saying what?Why?When?Where?How?It may also be helpful to decide if the original is informing or persuading. If it is informative, what is the main point the author wants the readers to understand? If it is persuasive, what does the author want the readers to believe or to do?TIP: If the original has a clear thesis statement, you may use it, but you must put the exact words in quotation marks in your summary.3. Write a statement that sums up each of the main supporting points or sections. It may be helpful to go back to the topic sentences of each paragraph and try to build your statements from those.4. Combine the results of Step 2 and Step 3 into a rough approximation of a summary.5. Turn the rough draft of Step 4 into a paragraph. It should include the main point (Step 2) at the beginning, followed by the supporting points as development. Eliminate any unnecessary details, examples, repetitions, or words (note the word ―unnecessary”; occasionally, details or examples may be necessary to make the summary clear). In general, you want to be general! Omit everything except the primary ideas. The resulting paragraph should be concise and coherent.6. Try this exercise:read the sample essay entitled ―the disenfranchised poor‖ and follow the above 5 steps. Then check your work to see how close you come to this summary.―The Disenfranchised Poor‖by Sandra D. LynnI used to faithfully watch the program ―Nature‖ on public television. Every Sunday evening I would sit down in front of the TV and learn about the private lives and mating habits of squids or parakeets or lions. It was fascinating, and I enjoyed it, but something was missing. Finally, one evening ―Nature‖ was to present a programentitled ―Aspens.‖ Aspens are so lovely with their shimmering leave s and greenish white trunks against a cobalt sky, and they are intriguing, too. I was all set to learn about a different sort of secret life, about why aspens in a grove are clones, or why they are often the first trees to reappear after a fire, or how it is that they have photosynthesizing trunks.I was disappointed. The program was not really about aspens at all but about the animals that inhabit their groves, as if the trees themselves were a mere backdrop. I can understand that deer and hawks are exciting to photograph, but it did seem to me that the show could have done better by the trees whose golden autumn glory is a perennial photographic favorite. If I had been scripting the show, I would have included not only shots of mountainsides where gold is struck every fall but also of young aspens springing up like phoenixes from the ashes of wildfire or close-ups showing why the aspen leaves ―tremble,‖ which is the source of the trees‘ scientific name, Populus tremuloides, which means ―quaking‖ or ―trembling‖ poplar. When I thought about why that program didn‘t do justice to its subject, I realized that it wasn‘t because trees are not as photogenic as animals. The real problem was that when most people think about ―nature,‖ they think about animals, not plants. This is a problem not only in television programming but also, far more significantly, in public funding for conservation.Talk about taken for granted. Plants provide the foundation for terrestrial life, yet they are afforded little protection under U. S. environmental laws. In an article entitled ―Conservation‘s Disenfranchised Urban Poor‖ published in BioScience, the authors point out that plants are the poorest, most ―underprivileged‖ group with respect to funding for recovery under the Endangered Species Act. Each plant species listed as endangered received less than half the amount provided per species for the next two most impoverished groups, amphibians and invertebrates. In other words, the animals at the bottom of the priority heap, such as rare salamanders and beetles, would get more than twice as many of our tax dollars as the rare plants that may form the basis of their habitats. The authors write, ―No other group simultaneously receives so much attention with respect to listing action (approximately 50 percent of all listed species are plants) and so few resources in support of recovery efforts.‖The bias in favor of animals is striking. Three times as many plants in the U. S. are considered ―endangered‖ as animals, and one third o f our national flora is thought to be at risk. Yet, plants are only half as likely to receive listing protection as animals. In 1998 the Fish and Wildlife Service reported that in fiscal 1995 all endangered plants, approximately 800 species, received only 12 percent of recovery funds. In addition, while it is illegal to kill any animal listed under the ESA without a permit, listed plants can be deliberately destroyed without a permit and without mitigation of the damage to the plant population or their habitat. This apparently comes from historic legal precedent, in which animals are considered to be the property of the monarch or society, while plants are seen as the property of the landowner.Now, what does all this mean to conservationists? It doesn‘t mean that we should do less to save endangered animals or that animals should receive less attention in television programming or other forms of public education. It just means we must。

Unit 1Paraphrase1. Ours is an era of conspicuous technological upheaval. But the purported gains of new technology----rising incomes, greater productivity----seem to elude us. (P6)1. It is obvious that technology in modern age has brought about great changes. Nevertheless, we have not yet benefited from the supposed gains of new technolo gy—rising income and greater productivity.2. Genuine thought is discouraged. The same thought-deadening process afflicts American managers. (P7)2. Creative thought is not appreciated. American managers have been troubled b y the fact that independent and active thinking gives way to dumb numbers. Translation1.这项计划为智力迟钝者提供长期的照顾。

（retarded）1. The program offers long-term care for the mentally retarded.2.他有一台又粗笨又庞大的旧电脑，速度慢，使用麻烦。

（cumbersome, bulky）2. He’s got a cumbersome, bulky, old computer—it’s slow and complicated to use.3.他沿着房间后部慢慢移动，尽量不引起别人的注意。

Paraphrase重点Paraphrase 重点1.I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in adrugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at the end of his course meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science. (Para. 2) P: I could have told him that he was now not getting training for a job in a technical school but doing a B.Sc. at a university.2.Along with everything else, they will probably be what puts food on your table, supports your wife, and rears your children. (Para. 5)P: In addition to all other things these professions offer, they provide you with a living so that you can support a family—wife and children.3.Not that we didn’t have our troubles. (Para. 5)P;When I say the year I got Maheegun was the happiest year of my life, I don’t mean that Maheegun never caused troubles.4.On top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still, ears pointed, alert, listening. (Para. 11)P;The clear figure of a big wolf was sitting without moving on the top of the rock. His ears were raised and he seemed to be listening to something.5.The whole white world thrilled to that wild cry. (Para. 14)P;Everything in the snow-covered wildness seemed to be aroused/stirred by the passionate cry of Maheegun.6.The cold and loss of blood were taking their toll. (Para. 36)P;As I had lost a lot of blood, and it was extremely cold, I was sick andweak.7.Just as the decline in the number of high-school graduates has made it easier to gai n admission to the college of one’s choice, the gradual increase in the criminal population has made it more difficult to get into prison. (Para. 4)P;The increasing number of crimes has made it more difficult to get criminals into prison while the decreasing number of high-school graduates has made it easier to be admitted into the college of a person’s choice.8.Yet when measured against the lower crime rates this would probably produce, longer prison sentences are not worth the cost to state and local governments. (Para. 7)P;If criminals were kept longer in prison, crime rates would probably go down. But when we consider the money that state and local governments have to pay for this, longer prison sentences are not worthwhile.9.Washington, the city of form and rules, turned chaotic by a blast of real winter and a single slap of metal on metal. (Para. 1) P;With a sharp and loud noise, Washington, the neatly well-designed city of order was thrown into a terrible confusion.10.Of the four acknowledged heroes of the event, three are able to account for their behavior. (Para. 3)P;Only three out of these four heroes lived to tell people what theyactually had done and how they had rescued the five survivors.11.Skutnik added that “somebody had to go into the water”, delivering every hero’s line that is no less admirable for being repeated. (Para. 3) P;Skutnik gave a remark that has been said before by many people in similar situations, but it is still admirable.12.For a while he was Everyman, and thus proof (as if one needed it) that no one is ordinary. (Para. 4)P;The anonymous man really represents the best of human nature. What he did was not the act of a supernatural being, but the act of an ordinary person.13.He was there, in the essential, classic circumstance. (Para.7)P;What happened that day was a typical situation in which natural forces and man fought against each other. And when elements begin to show their power, you always find man who will fight back. He is always there. We can always expect to find such a hero.14.And we returned home refreshed, revitalized, and reeducated. (Para. 2) P;When we got home, we not only felt fresh and energetic, but also felt that we had experienced a new way of life.15.Once upon a time, Americans understood the principle of deferred gratification. We put a little of each paycheck away “for a rainy day”. (Para. 4P;In the past, Americans were patient to have their desires satisfied. Wesaved a little money each time we got paid in case we might need it in the future.16.Over the years Bess had lived each day as if there were no other. (Para.1)P;Over the years in spite of her sister’s urge to prepare for her old age, Bess seized every minute to enjoy herself as if she would die the next day.17.When the dimes began to add up to dollars, she lost hertaste for sweets. (Para. 4)P;When her savings grew considerably, she was too old to want candy any more.18.She made her choice easily. A job in hand was worth two in the future. (Para. 9)P;She made her choice without the slightest hesitation. To have a promising job now was surely far more worthwhile than college.19.Two or three times she was halfway persuaded, but to give up a job that paid well for a homemaking job that paid nothing was a risk she was incapable of taking. (Para. 11)P;Two or three times, urged by others, she thought seriously about marrying, but she didn’t because that would mean she had to give up a well-paying job and become a housewife/homemaker who didn’t get paid or all the work she did. This was something she couldn’t make herselfaccepted.20.Stiffly she suffered Bess’s embrace, her heart racing harder, her eyes suddenly smarting from the onrush of cold air. (Para. 28)P;She accepted Bess’s warm hug in a formal way. Her heart beat faster and a gust of cold wind stung her eyes.21.That’s my life story, a life never lived. Now it’s too near the end to try. (Para. 33)P;That’s what I’ve done. I’ve never had the joys, or the sorrows, that life offers. It’s just an existence, not a life. Now I’m too old to learn how to live.22.Don’t count the years that left us. At our time of life it’s the days that count. (Para. 34)P;Don’t try to figure out how many years we are going tolive. At our age, we must live in terms of days, not years, and spend each day joyfully.。

His spectacles caught the light so that you could see nothing human behind them.His glasses caught the light and therefore you could not see his eyes.It will lecture on disinterested purity while its neck is being remorselessly twisted toward a skirt.Mr. Houghton lectured on purity and sexless life while his neck automatically turned to a girl.Feel it right down inside you—huge draughts of God’s good air!Feel the wind that is right in your body, the fierce wind, God’s good air!As we now say, I was not integrated. I was, if anything, disintegrated.As we now say, I was not a good pupil to become one part of the unified class. On the contrary, I was a trouble-maker.…Martin fell over a basket in the half—darkness of the barn. He swore and said that a man would be better off dead than ......Martin tripped over a basket because it was still very dark in the barn. he cursed and said that it would be better for him to die than...Many modern persons find it very difficult to credit the fact that men can ever have supposed otherwise.Many modern persons find it very hard to believe the fact that men can ever have thought in a different way.Henceforth she was only her husband’s helper to till the earth.From then on, she was merely her husband’s helper.The irony was that by the end of the Moses era the Park was dangerous.Moses did a lot to turn Central Park into an efficient people’s park, but the outcome was quite unexpected and said: by the end of his era the Park was dangerous.But there it was: the city at night, viewed from what meant to be an escape from it, shimmering.People come to the Park to escape from the hustle and bustle of the city. But it was precisely in the Park that day that I found the city at night was extremely beautiful.His body would reel with shock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation.His body would lose balance and his face would become pale as a result of the unexpected visit of the wind.The Park , in James’s eyes , was a failure , but everyone , as he put it , felt the need to “keep patting the Park on the back .”In James’s eyes, the Park was a failure, but as he said, everyone felt it was necessary to keep praising the Park.While we are young, we are continually taking in new ideas, altering our thought-patterns, “making up our minds”afresh.When we are young, we absorb new thoughts continually, changing our modes of thinking and renovating our minds.The hurried trip to the village and the trouble of getting the tea ready had robbed her of her appetite.The hurried trip to the village and the busy work of preparing the tea made her feel so tired that she had lost her appetite.They rest upon mere tradition, or on somebody’s bare assertion unsupported by even a shadow of proof.They are merely based on tradition, or on someone’s statement that cannot be supported even by the least amount of proof ....to think things out in a clear and rational way; to get at the truth at all costs; whatever it may turn out to be!...to consider things carefully in a clear and rational way; to find out the truth at all costs; whatever it may prove to be!The concert, pointedly, was held on a Saturday, still a working day, because the concert, like much of the Park then, was designed to keep the city’s rougher elements out.The concert was deliberately held on a Saturday when ordinary people were all working so as to keep them out.It is the mere “parroting”of ideas picked up by chance and adopted as our own without question. It is just the repeating of others’ideas which are acquired by accident and taken in as our own undoubtedly....how largely our opinions on the merits of certain authors, or poets, or composers, are dictated merely by fashion!Our opinions of authors, poets and composers are to a large extent determined by fashion.I was given the third degree to find out what had happened.I was severely questioned to find out what had happened.It overpowered that other feeling of dread that had been with her during the morning.The feeling of joy drove away the feeling of terror that she had had in the morning.。

Unit 1 Text Ⅰ Thinking as a HobbyParaphrases of the Text1.The leopard was Nature, and he was being natural.(3)The leopard symbolizes Nature,which stands for all animal needs or desires.美洲豹象征着自然，它在那里显得很自然而已。

2.Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left meout.(15)Everybody, except me ,is born with the ability to thin大自然赋予其余的所有的人第六感觉却独独漏掉了我。

3.You could hear the wind trapped in the cavern of his chest and struggling with allthe unnatural impediments. His body would reel with shock and his ruined face go white at the unaccustomed visitation.(19)你能听到风被他的胸腔堵住，遇到障碍物艰难前进发出的声音。

他的身体因为不习惯这样的感觉而摇摇晃晃，脸色变得惨白。

4.In this instance, he seemed to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible andirresistible spring in his neck.(20)Mr. Houghton’s deeds told me that he was not ruled by thought, instead, he would feel a strong urge to turn his head and look at the girls.在这种情况下，我认为他不是受思想，而是受他后颈里某个看不到却无法抗拒的发条的控制。

ParaphraseUnit11. My plan was to keep my ears open and my mouth shut and hope no one would notice I was a freshman.I planned to be observant and silent so that nobody would notice that I was a freshman.2. Popularity was not so important: running with the crowd was no longer a law of survival.It didn’t matter whether you were widely liked or not: you did not have to follow other people so as to be accepted by everybody else.3. This was my big chance to do my own thing, be my own woman----if I could get past my preoccupationwith doing everything perfectly.College offered a great chance for me to do my own thing and have my own style so long as I could give up the attempt to be perfect in everything.Unit21. He didn’t realize how hard his maxim hit. It often returns to haunt and rebuke me by raising the criticalproblem of priorities.He did not realize how much impact his works had on me. They often come to my mind and make me think of the important problem of priorities, and this is always the time I feel quite uneasy.2. But in the light of time’s perspective their deceptive prominence fades; with a sense of loss we recall theimportant tasks pushed aside.But as time passes, the urgent things gradually lose their seemingly importance, and at the same time we suffer from a sense of loss as we recall the important tasks that are left undone.Unit31. Food to my countrymen is one of the ecstasies of life, to be thought about in advance; to be smotheredwith loving care throughout its preparation; and to have time lavished on it in the final pleasure of eating.Food to us Chinese is one of the greatest joys in life: It is thought about before being prepared; it is treated with lots of love and care while being prepared; and when it is ready, it is enjoyed with excessive amount of time.2. It is this increased sensuality and the desire for great freedom age-bound habits in the West, combinedwith the inherent sensual concept of Chinese food, always quick to satisfy the taste buds, that is at the root of the sudden and phenomenal spread of Chinese food throughout the length and breadth of the Western World.The main reason for the sudden and tremendous popularity of Chinese food throughout the whole Western world lies in two facts: One is the increased desire for sensual pleasures and freedom from age-old customs in the West; the other is the notion of physical pleasure provided by Chinese food which is always ready to satisfy the taste of the eater.Unit51. But it did list his“survivors”quite accurately.But the obituary did list the family members of the dead man quite accurately.2. He was the one who tried to grab at his father, and tried to mean enough to him to keep the man athome.It was the boy who made efforts to divert his father’s affection from work.Unit61. Even an end which it would be noble to pursue if it were attainable may be pursued unwiselyif it is inherently impossible of achievement.It would be unwise to pursue a goal that is bound to fail though it might benoble to do so.2. I think the essence of wisdom is emancipation, as far as possible, from the tyranny of the here and now.I think the essence of wisdom is to free oneself from the confinement of thephysical world and the emotional world and look beyond.Unit81. One way was to step up the level of danger or licentiousness or alcohol or drag consumptionso that you could be sure that, no matter what, you would manage to have a little fun.In order to have a little fun under the stress of modern life, people indulged themselves even more intensively in dangerous adventures and excessive sex,alcohol and drugs.2. The god of mirth is paying us back for all those years of thinking fun was everywhere by refusing to cometo our party.We have long assumed that fun was easy to have, but now we are paying a price for that shallow-mindedness, i.e., our party is hardly as much fun as it is intended to be.Unit91. Children enter school as question marks and leave as periods.Children enter school with lots of questions and curiosity, but when they leave school after years of formal education, they lose all the curiosity and exploring spirit.2. ? Being “advanced”has its own pitfalls---among them complacency and pushing of forcing.“Advanced” learners are likely to make some mistakes, for example, they may become excessively satisfied with their progress or on the contrary, put too much pressure on themselves to achieve further progress.Unit111. “Psychological barriers wear down; the ability to make more distinctions can coarsen; the liar’spercepti on of his chances of being caught may warp”One is less inhibited from lying; his ability to tell the truth from the falsehood is dulled; he may become less cautious against being caught.2. Once they’ve become common enough, even the small untruths that ar e not meant to hurt encourage acertain cynicism and loss of trust.When it becomes common enough to tell small lies, even the small unharmful ones will induce doubt and distrust.3. The most understandable and forgivable lies are an exchange of what ethicists refer to as the principle oftrust for the principle of caring.Those lies that are most understandable and acceptable are based on what moralists call theprinciple of love and care rather than that of trust.Unit121. We will go through the most extraordinary contortions to save ourselves from walking.As long as we can avoid walking, we are willing to do anything possible, however unnatural or ridiculous it may be.2. …I was possibly the only person ever to have entertained the notion of negotiating that intersection onfoot.…I was very likely the only person who had ever attempted to cross thatintersection on foot.Unit131. I thought I was a unique item, but as soon as I peeked out of my shell I found a sea of women in similarpositions.I had thought that I was quite different from other people, but when I directed my attention frommyself to other people I found that there were so many people just like me.2. The little child in us has grown mature and middle-aged, almost to our surprise.To our surprise, the inner child in us has grown mature and is already middle-aged. And we realize that we are really getting old.3. Besides the intellectual surprises, we found joy in each other’s company, and we delved in this newlyfound camaraderie with an intensity we did not know we could achieve outside of love and pregnancies.We found so many surprises in school, and apart from that, we also enjoyed the company of each other very much. We appreciated this kind of friendship intensely, just like what we felt for our lovers when we were in love or for baby when we were pregnant.Unit141. Suddenly I saw myself as I really was, in all my horrid selfishness, and I felt sick at heart.Suddenly I realized that sort of person I really was: I was an extremely selfish man. This made me feel very bad at heart.2. I was measuring you by the yardstick of my own years.I was judging you by the standard for an adult of my age which was not fair to a little boy.3. A penitent kneels at your infant shrine, here in the moonlight.Here in the moonlight, your father, a man with a strong sense of guilt and remorse, kneels in front of your bed.Unit151. It is difficult to sort out whether job satisfaction causes happiness or vice versa, but evidence suggeststhat causation flows both ways.It is hard to find out whether job satisfaction causes happiness or happiness leads to jib satisfaction, but it is suggested that either of them has an effect on the other.2. There is nothing, short of terminal illness---no setback, shortcoming, difficulty, or inadequacy---that makeshappiness impossible.Nothing, such as misfortune, weakness, difficulty, or insufficiency, can make it impossible for a person to achieve happiness unless he suffers from a fatal disease.TranslationUnit11.听到他屡遭失败的消息，我感到难过.It distressed me a great deal to hear that he had suffered repeated failures.2.他虽然失去了老板的欢心，但仍然装出一副高兴地样子。

英语专业精读一ParaphraseParaphraseUnit1,texta: 1 They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time. (para.1) Paraphrasing: But my new clothes did not bring any happiness to me, because it was the day I was forced to go to school for the first time.2.I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home and throwing me into the huge, high-walled building. (para. 5)Paraphrasing: I didn’t think it was useful to take me away from home and put me into that building with high walls.3.It seemed that my misgivings had had no basis.It seemed I was wrong to think that school was dreadful place4.In addition, the time for changing one’s mind was over and gone and there was no question of ever returning to the paradise of home. Besides, it was impossible for us to quit school and return to the good old days when we stayed home playing and fooling around all day. Our childhood was gone, never to come back.5.Nothing lay ahead of us but exertion, struggle, and perseverance.The life that was waiting for us at school would be full of great effort and determination to do well.6.Those who were able took advantage of the opportunities forsuccess and happiness that presented themselves.When opportunities came along, capable students wouldseizethem to achieve success and happiness.Unit21.If banks were required to sell wallets and money belts, they might act less like churches.2. Everything about him suggested a carefully dressed authority.3.I was especially aware of him because he looked more likea kid from a prep school than a customer in a West Side bank.Unit41.Ausable did not fit the description of any secret agent Fowler had ever read about. (para. 1)Paraphrasing: According to what Flower had experienced Ausable was not at all what a secret agent should look like.2.Someday soon that paper may well affect the course of history. (para. 5)Paraphrasing: In the near future, this document might probably have an effect on the development of history.3.…you gave me quite a start. (para. 8)Paraphrasing: Y ou surprised me.4.…and with a face that suggested the look of a fox.His face reminded people of fox.5.Except for the gun, he did not look very dangerous.He d idn’t make people frightened if didn’t have a gun in his hand. 6.I’m going to raise the devil with the management this time.Now I’m going to protest strongly about this situation to the managers of the hotel.7.Max’s face was black with anger as he bac ked swiftlytoward the window.Max moved backwards to the window and he turned very angry.8.Send him away or I’ll shoot and take my chance.Ask him to leave. If he didn’t leave I would fire and risked my life to die with both of you.Unit51.“She has for m. That cannot be denied. But has she got feeling? I am afraid not. In fact, she is like most artist: she is all style without any sincerity.”Unit61.I did not ask them, though, as that would show my ignorance.I didn’t know what they would do with my radiator, but I didn’t ask them because that would show my lack of knowledge about the use of green bananas.2.He, in turn, inspected me carefully, as if to make sure I grasped the significance of his statement. As a result, he looked atme closely, as if he wanted to guarantee that I understood the importance of what he said.3.The occasion called for some show of recognition on my part.It is necessary for me to show my agreement with what he said.4.They gave me extra bananas to take along in case my radiatorshould give me trouble again.They gave me more green bananas to take with me so that I would be able to deal with it if my radiator should leak again.5.But once a conscious breakthrough to a second center is made, a life-long perspective and collection can begin.But once you make a serious effort to overcome your prejudice and go out to meet or embrace different cultures, for the rest of your life your mind will keep broadening as you experience and benefit from more and more treasures of other cultures.Unit81.He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand. (para.1)●He held his thumb out, making a gesture of asking for a freeride, and the gas can was in his other hand to show that he was out of gas and needed a lift to the nearest gas station.2.“I don’t want to get involved” has b ecome a national motto. (para●The idea to avoid trouble by neglecting the hitchhikers hasguided people’s behaviors in the whole country.3.Who would feed him, shelter him, carry him down the road? (para 3)●Who would give him some food, offer a place for him to sleep atnight, and give him a free ride when he needs it.4.It would be cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar. (para. 5)I would travel without a penny through the country where money was extremely important.5.I was amazed by people’s readiness to help a stranger, even when it seemed to run contrary to their own best interests.(7)●It is shocking that people offered me help whene ver I ask for,and sometimes it was opposite to their own interest.6.I didn’t know whether to kiss them or scold them for stopping. (8)●I didn’t know whether I should thank them for their kindnessor criticize them for running the risk of to offer free ride to a stranger.7.People don’t hav e no heart anymore. (9)●Not all the people are so ungrateful.8.Those who had the least to give often the most. (10)●People who are rich are often generous to offer as much aspossible.10.But what I found most touching was the fact that they all did it asa matter of course. (11)But what affected me emotionally was that they helped people for nothing and they regarded it as the most natural way to act11.This revelation made my night there all the more special.(13)●What he said about the customs there gave me unusual warmthof going back home.12.In spite of everything, you can still depend on the kindness of strangers. (15)●Although there some people who are indifferent to otherpeople’s needs, I find on the whole people are kind enoughto help when it is needed.Unit91.The policeman on the beat moved up the avenue impressively. (para. 1)The policeman was checking the area he is assigned to in the street vigorously and attractively.2.The impressiveness was normal and not for show, for spectators were few. (para. 1)The police officer walked that way habitually, not to attract attention or admiration because there were few people in the streets to beimpressed.3.The area was one that kept early hours. (para. 2) People in that area closed their stores pretty early.4.We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our fate worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be. (para. 7)We thought by that time we would have found out our fate and known how much we have achieved materially—whether our fortune huge or small.5.But after a year or two we lost track of each other. (para. 9) We kept in touch with each other for a year or two, and then we haven’t heard from or heard o f each other.●6.I’ve had to compete with so me of the sharpest brains goingto get my money. A man gets stuck in New Y ork. It takes the West to make a man really keen. (para. 13 )●In order to make money, I had to compete with the mostshrewd and crafty people. A man is unable to go very far or to be very successful in New Y ork where life is boring andopportunities for change are few. He has to go to the West to become an wise and exciting person.7.I should say not! (para. 16)Of course I am not going to leave immediately●8.How has the West treated you, old man? (para. 22)How well did you do in the West, old friend?●9.Chicago thinks you may come over our way and telegraphsus she wants to have a chat with you. (para. 31)The Chicago Police Department thinks you may come to New Y ork, sent us a telegraph and asked us to help them arrest you.10.Somehow I couldn’t do it myself, so I went around and got a plain clothes man to do the job. (para. 33)●For some reason I couldn’t arrest you myself, so I had apoliceman not wearing a uniform do it.Unit101.T o survive in prison, one must develop ways to take satisfaction in one’s daily life. (Para. 2)One must find ways to enjoy one’s daily life to live through the harsh life in prison.2.Some of my comrades joked that I was a miner at heart. (para. 4) Some of my comrades said jokingly that I worked as if I were a miner3.The sense of being the owner of the small patch of earth offered a small taste of freedom. (para. 8)Being aware that you could grow whatever you wanted on a small piece of land enabled you to enjoy a small amount of freedom4.In some ways, I saw the garden as a metaphor for certain aspectsof my life. (para. 9)I found handling certain aspects of my life is similar to tending a garden.5.。

综合英语教程5第二版Paraphrase答案整理Unit1-Unit14Unit1：IV1.Perhaps it would go away, deprived of her attention.Mother meant to deliberately overlook whatever she did not like and could not change.2.School let out in June to the end of July.From June to the end of July school closed for the summer vacation.3.I spent the afternoon squinting up at monuments to freedom and past presidencies anddemocracy.Literarily, the writer was unable to open wide her eyes due to the dazzling sunlight as well as her eyes defect. Figuratively, the freedom, equality and democracy all American citizens were allegedly entitled to were simply distorted images in the author’s eyes.4.Mother was bright and father was brown, the three of us girls step-standards inbetween.Mother was bright and father brown, and the three of us girls represented gradations from bright to brown.5.Indoors, the soda fountain was dim and fan-cooled, deliciously relieving to my scorchedeyes.Inside the Breyer’s, the soda fountain was so dim and the air so cool that the pain of my eyes was wonderfully lessened.6.No one would answer my emphatic questions with anything other than a guilty silence.My forcefully question got no response from my family; they remained silent as if they had done something wrong and shameful walking into Breyer’s.7.My fury was not going to be acknowledged by like fury:My anger was not going to be noticed or sympathized with by my family members who were similarly angry, though.Unit 2IV1.instead of…sneaking out to the empty lot to hunt ghosts and animal bones, my brotherand I had to go to Chinese school.My brother and I were unable to walk out quietly and secretly, like other children, to the open fie ld to play kid’s games, for we were forced to go to Chinese school.2.No amount of kicking, screaming, or pleading could dissuade my mother.Our kicking, screaming and pleading could not in the least make our mother change her mind about sending us to Chinese school.3.Forcibly, she walked us the 7 long, hilly blocks from our home to school, depositing ourdefiant tearful faces before the stern principal.She dragged us by force all the way from our home to school, a long hilly distance of 7 blocks, finally leaving us, hostile and tearful, in front of the severe headmaster.4.In Chinatown, the comings and goings of hundreds of Chinese on their daily taskssounded chaotic and frenzied.In Chinatown, large crowds of Chinese were coming and going with their routine responsibilities in a disorderly,overexcited way.5.He was especially hard on my mother.He was fastidiously particular about my mother’s English.6.I finally was granted a cultural divorce.Ultimately I was permitted to stop learning Chinese culture.7.At last, I was one of you; I wasn’t one of them. Sadly, I still am.Finally I assumed that I was one of the Americans and that I was not one of the Chinese.Unfortunately, I am, as a matter of fact, still Chinese.Unit3:IV1.We were waiting outside the condemned cells.We were waiting outside the cells, where prisoners under the death sentence were jailed.2.The rest of us, magistrates and the like, followed behind.We, government officials and inspectors, walked behind the warders and the prisoner.3.I saw the mystery, the unspeakable wrongness, of cutting life short when it is in full tide.I found the inexplicable injustice that was being done in putting to an end a prisoner’s life,which is still in its prime.4.In two minutes, with a sudden snap, one of us would be gone.The prisoner, who belonged to us now, would be promptly put to death.5.One felt an impulse to sing, to break into a run, to snigger.People had a strong desire to sing, to run and to snigger(after the hanging was over).6.You will scarcely credit that it took six warders to dislodge him.You can hardly believe that it took as many as six warders to remove him from the cage bars. Unit 4IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text.1.I was just a girl with little direction, more drawn to words and made-up stories than toformulas and lab experiments.I was then a young girl without a clear idea of what to do in the future; but I was keener onliterature than on natural science.2.I think I admired that photo so much, not because of Marie Curie and what she stoodfor but because she seemed so exotic.I think the reason why I enjoyed looking at the photo was not because Marie Curie herselfwas in the photo, nor because she represented a great woman, but because her imageappealed to me.3.Marie Curie’s own daughters grew into accomplished women in their own right.Marie Curie's own daughters distinguished themselves in their respective field due to their own efforts and competence.4.She wound up falling in love with Casimir Zorawski.Finally she fell in love with Casimir Zorawski.5.She was beneath his station, poor, a common nursemaid.She, a poor, common nursemaid, was much lower in social status than her young master.6.The reality was a lot grittier—and a lot less romantic.The reality was much harder, not as romantic as shown in the 1943 film Madame Curie.7.They were the toast of the European scientific community, feted lavishly and visited athome in Paris by acolytes to pay homage.They were highly respected in the European scientific community, entertainedexuberantly and visited by acolytes to show their reverence to the Curies at home inParis.8.The metamorphosis was less simple, more serious. A cape of solitude and secrecy fellupon her shoulders forever.The changes in Madame Curie brought about by the loss of her husband were much more profound than the simple change from a happy young wife to an inconsolable widow. The shadow of loneliness and introversion hung over her for the rest of her life.9.The Marie Curie that I discovered was no icon but a flesh-and-blood woman.The Madame Curie I discovered was not an image of a holy saint, but a woman existing in real life.Unit 5VI1.Different men often see the same objects in different lights.The same object may be observed and judged from different perspectives by different people.2.This is no time for ceremony. The question before the house is one of awful moment tothis country.No time should be wasted on ceremonial procedures because the house, at present, is encountering an extremely crucial problem for the nation.3.We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and listen to the song of that siren tillshe transforms us into beasts.We tend to close our eyes when facing a painful truth, and be intoxicated by the song of the sea nymph that will eventually turn us into animals.4.For my part, whatever anguish of spirit it may cost, I’m willing to know the whole truth;to know the worst and to provide for it.As for me, I’m willing to kn ow the whole truth and be prepared for the worst that might happen, no matter how much pain I may endure.5.The insidious smile will prove a snare to your feet.The cunning smile, with which the British recently received our petition, will be a trap for you to fall into.6.These are the implements of war and subjugation—the last arguments to which kingsresort.These are the tools for war and suppression, the last means kings will turn to when all arguments fall flat.7.We have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and have implored its interposition toarrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament.We have been humble and submissive in front of the British Kings, and have begged his Majesty to intervene（插手）and stop the cruelty and injustice of the British colonial ministry and Parliament(议会、国会).8.The battle is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave.The victory of the battle is determined not just by strength, but by vigilance, activeness(积极性), and courage.9.It is in vain to extenuate the matter.It is useless to underestimate(低估) the severity（严重性）of the situation.Unit 6IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text.1.The 1980 election… signaled a decided turn to the right insofar as political and socialattitudes were concerned.The 1980 election indicated that the country resolved to become more conservative in regard to political and social attitudes.2.Some kind of social welfare assistance must be doled out to those who cannot find jobs.Social welfare assistance must be offered to the jobless.3.I am appalled that the condition has been allowed to develop.I am shocked to find that the problem is getting more and more serious.4.This dreadful social sickness has now overtaken the United States.The United States has now been knocked out by this terrible social problem -- failure to house its young people.5.For a major nation to show itself impotent to house its young people is admitting afailure that must be corrected.America must correct the problem that, a superpower as it is in the world, it is incapable of providing houses for its young people.Unit 7VI1.Did you get too bogged down in the details trying to come up with the “exactly right”answer?Did you get so tied up in these complex math figures that you were unable to give the “exactly right” answer?2.Did you zero in on the two most important problems… then hazard a guesstimate?Did you focus all your attention on the two most important problems, and then make an estimation which may not be exactly right?3.Your mistakes will frequently balance out.Your mistakes will often average out, i.e. the extremely high estimations and the extremely low estimations which you make will eventually become equal in amount, value, or effect. 4.The black being warmed most by the sun, was sunk so low as to be below the stroke ofsun’s rays.The black cloth absorbed the heat of the sun most. So, it sank so deep below that the sunrays could not reach it.Unit 81.The screams were so muffled, I could barely hear them.The screams were so faint and unclear that I could hardly hear them.2.My voice quieter and quieter as hers rose in crescendo.As my voice was getting quieter, hers grew gradually andcontinuously louder./ My voice became quieter and quieter as hers grew in volume.3.No matter how intimate one is with this illness, the primordial fear of madness lurks deep within.Everyone has deep inside an instinctive fear of madness however familiar with the illness he may be./However familiar one is with paranoid schizophrenia, the innate fear of madness stays hidden and deep in one's mind.4.She has no empathy with her own body.She doesn’t know how to take care of her own health as a normal person does.5.I will do the best I can with the worst I have to live with.I’ll do my utmost to deal with the unavoidable worst situations in my life./ I will do my utmost to cope with the worst I have to put up with.Unit91. Unlike traditional games and toys, "wired" entertainment encourages kids to be unimagin ative, socially immature, and crudely desensitized to the world around them.Compared with/Different from traditional games, electronic games have some obvious detrimental effects on children’s development: they tend to be lacking in imagination and social maturity, and indifferent to the real world around them.2. Hand a ball of Play-Doh to a child reared on the sterile adventure of video games, and you 're apt to get a blank look.If you hand a ball of Play-Doh to a child who is brought up in the world of uncreative and unyieldi ng video games/ who spends too much time on exciting but unproductive video games,you are like ly to find an expressionless look on his face.3. Maybe a hothead or two will stalk off the field.Possibly one or two hot-tempered children will quit the game.4. Despite their involvement in the game, the players are not ruled by it.Although they are engaged in playing the game, they are not completely bound by it.5. Far too often, even his parents, intimidated by the high-priced, high-tech gadget that has s ucked their child's humanity away, tiptoe around rather than disturb him.His parent, in great fear of disturbing him, quite often walk gently around the child, whose humani ty has been exhausted by the high-priced, high-tech game device./Far too often, even his parents, scared by the small high-priced, high-tech device that has deprived their child of human qualities, walk about carefully and quietly on tiptoe rather than break his con centration or divert his attention.Unit 101.Yet most of these five, like most of the college cheaters, would probably profess a strong social consciousness.Similar to most college cheaters, the five interviewees would be likely to claim to possess a strong awareness. / However, most of these five people, like a majority of the college students who commit cheating on examinations, would probably claim that they have a strong sense of responsibility for society.2.These two examples exhibit a paradox of our age.These two examples illustrate the seemingly self-contradicting situation, i.e. while social morality is growing, private morality is declining./ These two examples clearly displaya contradictory situation in our age.3.Beneficent and benevolent social institutions are administered by men who all too frequently turn out to beaccepting "gifts."Those who run social charity institutions are often found to be bribe takers./ Charitable social organizations are managed or controlled by men who very often prove to be easily bribed.4.Morality means mores or manners and usual conduct is the only standard.Morality means the acceptance of customs and moral values of society or adherence to proper behaviour, and the established way of conduct is the sole criterion of judgment.5.Nothing is more important than this personal, interior sense of right and wrong and his determination to follow that rather than to be guided by what everybody does or merely the criterion of "social usefulness".The most important thing in a person’s life is his own conscience and his decision to adhere to it instead of being driven by so-called social practice or acceptance.6.They have a wrong notion of what the real, the ultimate, security is.They have a wrong idea of, and don’t actually understand, what the real, the ultimate security means./ They have a wrong idea of what the genuine, the essential, security is.Unit 111.For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons then were Assumed to be what we now have to call-lamely, enviously-whole persons.Greek thought beauty was a fine virtue, a type of perfection. People at that time were expected to be beings of integrity, whom we now call whole persons, a term used somewhat awkwardly but not without envy.2.They may have resisted Socrates' lessons. We do not.Several thousand years later, we are more wary of the enchantments of beautyThe Greeks may have refused to accept Socrates' lesson. But we do not. Thousands of years later, we are now more cautious about the charm and attraction of beauty3.For close to two centuries it has become a convention to attribute beauty to only one of the two sexes: the sex which, however fair, is always second.For nearly 200 years, beauty has been customarily related to only one of the two sexes, the female, which is always the secondary sex no matter haw fair it seems to be.4.In every modern country that is Christian or post-Christian, women are the beautiful sex---to the detriment of the notion of beauty as well as of women.In every modern country, women are always regarded as the beautiful sex, which corrupts not only the notion of beauty but also the sex itself.5.It dos not take someone in the throes of advanced feminist awareness to perceive that the way Women are taught to be involved with beauty encourages narcissism, reinforces dependence and immaturity.One does not have to be struggling with unconventional feminist views, even so advanced as to beunacceptable, to realize that what women have been taught about beauty encourages their admiration of their own looks, their dependence on men, and their intellectual immaturity.6.Given these stereotypes, it is no wonder that beauty enjoys, at best, a rather mixed reputation.With such widely-accepted social biases, it is not surprising that the word beauty has, in the most favorable case, both apositive and a negative connotation.7.Even if same pass muster, some will always be found wanting.Even if some parts of the body are accepted as satisfactory, some others are still below par.8.Women get some critical distance from the excellence and privilege which is beauty, enough distance to see haw much beauty itself has been abridged in order to prop up the mythology of the "feminine."Women should keep a sufficiently long distance away from beauty , which is their excellence and privilege, to find out to what extent the notion of beauty has been reduced in essence to Support the make-up story of the women.Unit 121.they automatically brace themselves for whatever is coming next.No matter what happens next, they automatically prepare for it.2.they always had an absolute and enormous meaning in the world of men, an identifying stamp usually incomprehensible to female judgment.These choices are absolutely decisive in the world of men, which are identification marks female judgment often fails to grasp.3.In general, men of all ages turn out not to want to give up the habit of fixing on a suitable self-image and then carefully tending it, instead of taking up all the new options.In general, men of all ages are reluctant to give up the habit of establishing a proper self-image and then carefully maintaining it instead of accepting all new choices.4.No stepping over the boundaries was thinkable.It is impossible to cross the border.5.It also gave men official exemption from fashion risk, and official sanction to laugh at women for perpetually incurring it.It also officially gave men the right to be protected from the dangers of fashion and gave them the right to mock women for their constant dangers.Unit131.The legions of these Myrmidons covered all the hills and vales in my woodyard, and the ground was already strewn with the dead and dying, both red and black.The army of these Myrmidons covers all the hills and valleys in my timber yard, and the ground is already covered with dead and dying red and black ants.2.Perchance he was some Achilles, who had nourished his wrath apart, and had now come to avenge or rescue his Patroclus.Perhaps it was one of Achilles' fierce warriors, sulking alone outside the heat of battle, who now came to rescue Patroclus, the friend of life and death, or to avenge the death of his unfortunate friend3.There were three united for life, as if a new kind of attraction had been invented whichput all other locks and cements to shame.Sticking together to survive, the three combatants seem to have created a new glue that dwarfs any chain or cement.Unit 141.our pushover parenting is doing more harm than goodOur feeble way of education does more harm than good2.They have discovered that the fees are just the tip of the iceberg.They have found that the fees are just a drop in the bucket.3.whether a wardrobe crammed full of Armani Baby guarantees adult happiness is a moot point.A controversial topic is whether the wardrobe full of Armani Baby can guarantee the happiness of adults.4.Our children believe that they are entitled to the same rights as grown-ups, but they are not yet ready to accept grown-up responsibilities.Our children believe that they should have the same rights as adults, but they are not ready to assume the responsibilities of adults.5 “Most parents don't want to provoke a confrontation. I know I'm as much of a soft touch as the next parent.”A large majority of parents dislike incurring hostility from their children. I know I am incurably tolerant with the kids, the same as any other parent.。

综合教程1 - ParaphraseUnit 1 Never Say Goodbye1. One day a terrible war came, and my son, like so manysons, went away to fight a great evil.(para.12) Paraphrase: A dreadful war broke out one day, and many young men, including my son, joined the army and went to the battlefront to fight against the Fascist Nazi.2. When you and your friends must part, I want you to reach deep within you and bring back that first hello.(para.13) Paraphrase: When you and your friends must separate, I hope that you could try your best to remember that first friendly greeting.3. Our big old house was touched with the laughter and tears of four generations.Paraphrase: Our big old house had seen the joys and sorrows of four generations of our family.Unit 2 The Fun They Had1. They turned the pages, which were yellow and crinkly, and it was awfully funny to read words that stood still instead of moving the way they were supposed to - on a screen, you know.(para.3)Paraphrase: They felt it very amusing to read a book with words printed on it motionless as they flipped the worn-out pages, because in their eyes words in a book should be moving the way they ought to-on a screen.2. When you are through with the book, you just throw it away, I guess.(para.4)Paraphrase: When you have finished reading the book, you merely cast it away, I believe.3. He smiled at Margie and gave her an apple, then took the teacher apart. Margie had hoped he would not know how to put it together again, but he knew how all righ. (para.12) Paraphrase: With a smile the inspector gave Margie an apple, and put the machine into several pieces. Margie had hoped that he would have difficulty assembling the mechanical teacher, but to her disappointment, he knew it clearly.4. He walked away whistling, the dusty old book tucked beneath his arm.(para.30)Paraphrase: He whistled a tune as he moved away, holding the dusty old book under his arm.Unit 3 Whatever Happened to Manners?1.I feel that much of the world has somehow gotten away from that. (para.2)Paraphrase: I feel that many people in the contemporary world are, for some reason, not as nice, not as friendly, or not as polite with one another as people in the past.2. I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret.(para.3)Paraphrase: I regard good manners as a kind of concealed magic method or formula which makes you beautiful.3. A gracious manner not only sets an excellent example for your children and grandchildren but it adds priceless panache to your image.(para.4)Paraphrase: On the one hand, your pleasant manner helps your children and grandchildren learn the proper ways to behave. On the other hand, it adds the greatest splendor to your image.4. Of course, saying “Thank you.”does wonders for the person on the receiving end too.(para.5)Paraphrase: Certainly, saying “Thank you.” could achieve positive results for the person who receives the thank-you remark.Unit 5: How To Be True To Yourself1. My grandparents believed you were either honest or you weren’t. There was no in-between.(para.1)Paraphrase: My grandparents held a firm belief that there was a definite distinction between honesty and dishonesty.Unit 9 Hollywood1. Hollywood suggests glamour, a place where young star-struck teenagers could, with a bit of luck, fulfill their dreamParaphrase: To most people, Hollywood means excitement and attraction, a place where young teenagers, deeply fascinated by big stars could, with a bit of luck, realize heir dreams.2. As for the stars themselves, they were held on a tight rein by the studio chiefs who could make or break all but the stars with really big appeal.Paraphrase: With regard to the stars themselves, they were controlled firmly by the studio heads who could cause them to succeed or fail except those big stars who really appealed to the audience.3. Stars were often typecast and if he or she appealed to the public as a lover, then he or she always played the part of a lover.Paraphrase: Stars were often given the same parts or roles and if he or she attracted, interested, or pleased the public as a lover, then he or she always played the part of a lover.。

Unit 11. When I was ten I was suddenly confronted with the anguish of moving from the onlyhome.suddenly found myself faced with2. …they all have one thing in common: sadness.share the same characteristic3. …in that place in your heart where summer is an always time.summer is an everlasting season4. Don’t ever give in to the sadness and the loneliness of that word.let yourself be overcame or conquered by5. Take that special hello and lock it away within you.keep it in your mind for everUnit 21. When you’re through with the book, you just throw it away.have finished reading2. She read the book over his shoulder for a while.by looking from behind his shoulder3. Our television screen must have a million books on it and it’s good for plenty more.having the capability of providing4. Her mother sent for the County Inspector.sent a message asking for the help of5. He smiled at Margie and gave her an apple, then took the teacher apart.disassembled the machine into pieces6. Margie wasn’t prepared to dispute that.didn’t want to / was not ready toUnit 31. …and I feel that much of the world has somehow gotten away from that.become different from what it should be like2. …never giving a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.showing their thanks by waving a hand or nodding the headmove out into the main road3. But it can matter very much.be very important / significant / necessary4. Of course, saying “Thank you” doer wonders for the person on the receiving end too.who receives the “Thank you” note5. Similarly, bringing home the most insignificant little presents for people you cherish will go a long way.make unending effect6. Now, if we could just get everyone to catch them.have good mannersUnit 41. I had no worries and was just living life up.enjoying the life2. So I called him and he hung up on me.refused to take my phone call3. Also, I couldn’t turn my back on him when he needed me the most.go away from / refuse to be with4. So I stuck it out and lost most of my friends.didn’t give up although this was unpleasant5. I went to doctor after doctor with him, and saw him go through so much.experience so much pain and distress6. I still had to be the strong one and keep everything in.bear all the hard experience by myselfUnit 51. …and that is not relative to the situation at handthat is current2. Unfortunately, integrity is in short supply today.difficult to find or obtain3. And it is something we must demand of ourselves.make an effort to attain4. Stand firmly for your convictions in the face of personal pressure.Stick toin spite of5. Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs.Always praise and recognize others’ achievement6. So be yourself.behave in a natural or normal wayUnit 61. They have demanding jobs and limited time and financial resources.needing a lot of attention or effort2. A concern that is often heard with regard to single children is whether one child necessarily means a lonely child.in connection with / on a subject of3. Many single-child parents feel a stigma associated with their decision to have only one child.feeling of being ashamed4. Many people believe that a single child will not have learned to negotiate with others, and respect the give-and–take involved in many relationships.willingness of each person to satisfy other’s wishes5. The overall number of British children being born each year has declined.decreased6. With just one child there is no potential for family arguments arising from favoritism or sibling jealousy.the feeling of wanting to get what sb. else has among brothers and sisters1. The flight attendants, already strapped in, waved wildly for me to sit down.having the seat belt fastened on2. She was supposed to make a connecting flight when we landed in Newark.catch another plane to continue the flight3. When he was done, the voice of a flight attendant came on.he had completed his task4. I pulled myself together.controlled my feelings and began behaving calmly again5. I reached for her hand and reassured her that we were going to make it.land successfully and safely6. I am indebted to my fellow passengers and wish I could pay them back.am very grateful todo something good in returnUnit 81. Over the years I fondly thought of him as my “Valentine Man”.regarded him as2. That box and its contents ushered in a succession of bittersweet memories of my entrance into a would…brought back to mind a series of experiences, both happy and unhappy, one after another3. It was the kind of card that put a lump in your throat and tears in your eyes…aroused your strong emotion and made you cry4. As I grew older, the gifts gave way to heart-shaped boxes filled with my favorite chocolates…were gradually replaced by5. In those years my thank-yous became more of a perfunctory response.to a greater degree / to some extent1. A few of them were left with nothing but emptiness and colossal debts.ended up with2. Hollywood’s fame and fortune reached its peak in the 1930s and 1940s.was the most successful / was at its best3. Most of the famous motion picture corporations of those days are still very much in business.are still operating very well4. Most of them hoped in vain.didn’t fulfill their dreams5. …who could make or break all but the stars with really big appeal.having great popularity among audience6. Many studio chiefs were tyrants, determined to get their own way at all costs.do whatever they want to do, regardless of all the dissatisfaction and opposition from others.Unit 101. I have long looked for an opportunity to pay a certain debt which I have owned since I was seven years old.for a long time2. She longed very much to have some of them to play with.wanted / desired3. First, you must picture to yourself that child, living quite solitary in a remote Chinese countryside, in a small mission bungalow perched upon a hill among the rice fields in the valleys below.image / form a mental picture4. She took Oliver Twist out of his place and in great peril descended.in great danger5. He taught me to hate hypocrisy and pious mouthing of unctuous words.speaking in an insincere way6. If he saw everything black and white, it was because life rushed out of him strong and clear, full of love and hate.understood all things as either right or wrong。

Lesson Two: Two KindsParaphrase1.I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size.I imagined myself as different types of prodigy, trying to find out which one suited me thebest.2.I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts.I had new thoughts, which were filled with a strong spirit of disobedience and rebellion.3.The girl had the sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was Shirley Temple—like, slightly rude but in an amusing way.4.It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, asif this awful side of me had surfaced, at last.When I said those words, I felt that some very nasty thoughts had got out of my chest, and so T felt scared. But at the same time I felt good, relieved, because those nasty things had been suppressed in my heart for some time and they had got out at last.5.And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point. I wanted to see it spill over.I could feel that her anger had reached the point where her self—control would collapse, andI wanted to see what my mother would do when she lost complete control of herself.6.The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it shut out the dust and also put an end to my misery. Phrases1.With almost no money down 几乎用不着交首付，几乎可以全部用贷款来买房2.The raised hopes and failed expectations 那些过高的希望和达不到的期盼3.Shorting out 短路4.The showpiece of our living room 我们起居室里的一件摆设5.Stiff-lipped smile 尴尬不自然的笑容6.Frighteningly strong 惊人地强大7.Follow their own mind 我行我素Sentence1.Instead of getting big fat curls, I emerged with an uneven mass of crinkly black fuzz.我的头发没有做出我要的大卷花，而是给我弄成一头乱蓬蓬的黑色小卷毛。

Unit 1●翻译：（黑体的汉字表示与教师用书不同，斜体的汉字表示重点翻译不要遗漏）passion, wisdom, altruism, insight, creativity—sometimes only the trials of adversity canfoster these qualities, because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change. (Para.6)慈悲、智慧、无私、洞察力及创造力——有时只有经历逆境的考验才能培育这些品质，因为有时只有极端的情形才能迫使我们去承受痛苦的改变过程。

2.In that moment, our sense of invulnerability is pierced, and the self-protective mental armorthat normally stands between us and our perceptions of the world is torn away. (Para.12) 在事情发生的那一瞬间，我们的安全感被冲破了，平时处于我们与我们对世界的种种看法之间的自我保护的精神盔甲被剥离了。

3.They say that material ambitions suddenly seem silly and the pleasures of friends and familyparamount—and that the crisis allowed them to recognize in line with their new priorities.(Para.14)他们说物质追求突然间变得很无聊，而朋友和家庭带来的快乐变得极为重要，他们还说危机使他们能够按照这些新的优先之事来重新认识生活。

Unit 11.…there has been this long lull with nothing particular up!…Britain has been in too long a period of stillness without taking any particular action against the enemy!2.…we must “… meet with Triumph and Disaster. And treat those two impostors just the same.”…we are sure to experience both Triumph and Disaster, and we must treat them as the same thing different appearances because they are essentially interchangeable.3.…never give in except to convict ions of honor and good sense.…never give in unless w e are convinced that it is honorable and sensible for us to do so.4.Britain, other nations thought, had drawn a sponge across her slate. Other nations thought that Britain was completely conquered.5.…we have only to persevere to conquer.…we will win as long as we hold on to the end.Unit 21.The phrase “personal space” has a quaint, seventies ring to it.The phrase “personal space” has an odd touch that was characteristic of the 1970s.2.T-shirt weather can make proximity more alluring (or much, or less).In hot summer days, people can be drawn to each other, especially to the opposite sex (or feel disgusted with the closeness of others.)3.The logistics of it vary according to geography.People in different regions are given different sizes of personal space. 4.…individuals routinely commandeer booths and sets of facing seats meant for foursomes.…it is quite common that one person occupies a booth and a set of facing seats designed for four people.5.Even the focus of science these days is micro, not macro.Even science focuses on the intra-personal, inner world rather than the interpersonal, outer society these days.6.In the same way that the breeze from a butterfly’s wings in Japan may eventually produce a tidal in California, I have decided to expand the contracting boundaries of personal space.Because the initial invasion of personal space can cause a chain of reactions, which may bring about a catastrophic consequence, as the breeze from a butterfly’s wings in Japan, if it initiates a chain of waves, may eventua lly produce a tidal wave in California, I have decided to enlarge the shrinking personal space.Unit 31.Given the relatively few restrictions governing access and usage, it is the communications modal equivalent of international waters.As there are relatively few restrictions for reaching and using the Internet, communications via the Internet are comparable to traveling through the international waterways.2.But much less widely reported has been the notion that the Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual users.A lot of people talk about the “new information age”, but not so many people are acquainted with the idea that the Internet separates people from each other and fragments society further as a result.3.It seems to me that we are a society that values immediate gratification above all else, and what better place to achieve it than in cyberspace, where the cyber-world is your cyber-oyster.I think that in our society the top priority is given to the satisfaction of one’s immediate needs. The Internet is the best tool for this purpose, for on the Internet one can do whatever he likes to.Unit 41.It was therefore left to Yamahata to record, methodically – and, as it happens, with a great and simple artistry – the effects ...The responsibility was therefore placed on Yamahata’s shoulders to record the effects systematically and incidentally with a great and simple artistry.2.That absence, even more than wreckage, contains the heart of the matter. That vanished city rather than its remains represents the true measure of the event.3.In the photographs, Nagasaki comes into its own.In the photographs, Nagasaki regains its own status.4.… the human imagination had stumbled to exhaustion in the wreckage ofthe first ruined city without reaching even the outskirts of the second.… the human imagination had been exhausted and stopped at the wreckage of the first ruined city and failed to reach even the outskirts of Nagasaki. 5.… we seem to need, in addition, some other picture to counterpoise against ruined Nagasaki ...… apart from the pictures of Nagasaki we seen to need some other picture to inspire in us a hope of life to counterbalance the sense of doom suggested by the ruined Nagasaki…Unit 51.Slowly, it planned across the tapestry of friendship…Slowly, the movie gave a panoramic picture of friendship…2.This wasn’t just another binge of trendiness, but a kind of cinema verite. This was not simply a shift from one fashion to another, but a truthful description of friendship.3.Well, that duality must have been mortally wounded in some shoot- out at the Y ou’re OK, I’m OK Corral.The two sides must have been mortally wounded in the OK Corral gunfight.4.Buddies hang tough together; friends hang onto each other.Buddies hold on together in face of adversity; friends cling tightly to each other for emotional support.Unit 61.July 4 is one of the times when the American in me feels a twinge ofunease about the great lacunae in our children’s understanding of who they are and is prompted to try to fill the gaps.July 4 is one of the times I, as a native American, feel instinctively uneasy about the great gaps in our children’s understanding of their American identity, and thus I am motivated to do something to fill the gaps.2.And our physical separation from our native land is not much of an issue. And living away from our native country does not matter much (in our children’s acquisition of our native language).3.In my day little French kids looked like nothing other than little French kids…When I lived in France as an expatriated child, the French kids were dressed in the unique French style, thus looking quite different from their counterparts in other countries.4.That experience no longer seems possible in Western countries – a sad development, in my view.Full immersion in a truly foreign world no longer seems possible in Western countries, and I think this is a deplorable impact of globalization upon the growth of children in a foreign country.Unit 71.He was almost innocent of any sense of responsibility.→He almost had no sense of responsibility.2.He wrote begging letters by the score, sometimes groveling without shame, at others loftily offering his intended benefactor the privilege ofcontributing to his support, and being mortally offended of the recipient declined the honor.→He wrote a large number of letters to his patron without shame, begging for money. But in a manner that it seemed a great honor for the patron to be offered the chance support him. That’s why he would be greatly offended if the patron refused to tale the honor.3.He would pull endless wires in order to meet some man who admired his work and was able and anxious to be of use to him.→he would use the influences from as many people as possible to meet his admirer who was readily useful to him.4.Is it any wonder he had no time to be a man?→Wagner was such a miraculous monster, is it any wonder that he didn’t behave like a normal human being in this world?Unit81.“Yes, down,”he says.“Yes, I’m going down,” he says.(Literally, he means that he is going down with the bed ,but metaphorically he means that his physical condition is going from bad to worse.2.It is a sound you have never heard. It is something new under the sun. It could cure cancer.And then he laughs. The wild, relaxed laughter is a totally new sound in the world that you have never heard. The laughter could cure cancer.3.She looks over at me shaking her head and making her mouth go.The aide looks over at me, shaking her head to express her frustration andpursing her lips to signal her annoyance, I understand that we are to cooperate.Unit91.he couldn’t stand not being a part of our school.→He wanted very much to be a teacher of our school.2.we found a kinship→we found a strong connection between.3.I……supported myself by sweeping foot floors of off-Broadway stages →I supported myself by sweeping floors of off-broadway stages before there was any new role of me to play.4.He was still living in a world vibrant with all of the beautiful treasures he has stored→he was still living in a world that was exciting and lively because of all the beautiful poems he had memorized.Unit 101.Urban life, during the hours when they reign, is urbane.→Rats make city life orderly and courteous when they dominate the city deep at night.2.City dwellers take the city with them to the country, for they will not live without is pamperings.→City dwellers create all kinds of fashion in the country, for they will not live without these fashionable things.3.These windows are a scandal because they endanger the lives of office workers in case of fire.→These windows are disgraceful because they put the lives of officeworkers in danger if a fire should occur.4.No true sense of the rhythms of the seasons is to be had from a lawn in the backyard and a few spindly trees struggling to survive.→a lawn in the backyard and a few spindle-shaped trees struggling for life are not enough to give the dweller any true sense of the season changes.Unit 111.Nothing remains of it but memories and a fringe of dwelling houses on its outskirts.Except for some dwelling houses on its suburbs, San Francisco has almost completely disappeared from the world and only remains in people’s memories.1.There was no withstanding the onrush of the flames.Nothing could stop the advancement of the flames.2.An enumeration of the deeds of heroism would stock a library and bankrupt the Carnegie medal fund.The courageous and brave deeds in the firefighting would fill up a library if related in writing and exhaust the Carnegie medal fund if rewarded.3.Sometimes a whole family was harnessed to a carriage or delivery wagon that was weighted down with their possessions.Sometimes all members of a family fastened themselves with straps to a carriage or delivery wagon that was heavily loaded with their possessions.5.And against this wall of flames, silhouetted sharply, were two United States cavalrymen sitting their horse , calmly watching.Two United States soldiers sat astride on their horse and calmly watched theconflagration, their shapes contrasting sharply with the wall.Unit 121. It is an insidious practice, all the uglier for its blatancy.The media’s malicious use of the small segment of black America to represent the whole of it is harmful and offensive.2. The free press, indeed, as the main interpreter of American culture and American experience, holds the mirror on American reality －so much so that what the media say is, even if it’s not that way at all.The media are supposed to present American culture and American experience truthfully by reflecting American reality, and people usually accept news reports as truth without any doubt. Unfortunately, in many cases what they present is anything but the truth.The distorted, inaccurate coverage of news is worse than covering nothing at all about blacks.4. Nor is it a matter of closing one’s eyes to the very real problems of the urban underclass －which undeniably is disproportionately black.We should never ignore the existence of real problems of the urban underclass －which undeniably is disproportionately black.5. For the millions of black people like myself －ordinary, hard-working, law-abiding, tax-paying Americans －the media’s blindness to the fact that we even exist, let alone to our contributions to American society, is a bitter cup to drink.Most black people work hard, obey the law and pay all kinds of taxes. We have made our contributions to American society, as all the other Americans have.But the media never notice and cover it. This is really agonizing for the blacks.Unit1catastrophic灾难的，悲惨的amisfortune不幸，灾难n desperately极度地，绝望地adunmeasured未经测量的amenace威胁，恐吓（或存在类似危害的人或事）nlull暂停deceptive 欺骗性的误导的atriumph胜利成功n imposter 冒名顶替者n far-reaching 深远的，广泛的aaddress 致辞，演说v petty 琐碎的，不重要的aconviction 深信确信n apparently显然地ad overwhelming压倒性的amight 力量威力权力n liquidate清算结束终止v sponge海绵nslate石板nflinch畏缩畏惧v persevere坚持v compliment称赞恭维褒扬vventure敢于vstern严厉的，苛刻的a station身份地位nUnit2velvet 天鹅绒，丝绒n inch慢慢移动v minutely 详细地精密地adannoyance烦恼nsidle侧身而行悄悄地贴近vscribble潦草地写画v shuffle拖后腿，拖累v hugger-mugger混乱的无序的aslinky一个玩具品牌nquaint古试的，吸引人的agratifying悦人的令人满足的aintuitive直觉的aintuitively直觉地直观地adpenetrate穿过进入vwedge挤进塞入vpedestrian步行者nzigzag曲折行进vjostle推挤撞vfidget坐立不安vfidgety不安的烦躁的arelentless不间断的aproximity亲近接近临近nallure诱使vproliferation增殖ninfuse灌输注入沏泡vcaffeine咖啡因njangling焦虑的alogistics 后勤ntread踩踏vspread施展蔓延nwager打赌vtrespass 入侵vmutter嘀咕vlament哀悼悔恨vgrant同意vexpansionist 扩张主义者nstake 打赌vannex 吞并vroutinely例行公事的acommandeer征募霸占vfoursome四人组nshrink收缩皱缩vgenome基因组nneuroscientist 神经学家nsouped-up强有力的aneuron神经细胞ntidal潮汐的atidal wave潮汐ncontracting收缩的缩小的aUnit3alienation疏远精神错乱nforum论坛naccess进入接近nmodal形式的apotential潜力nglobalization全球化ndramatically引人注目地，戏剧性地adfragmentation碎片alienate使疏远vaddicted沉溺的，上瘾的aalcoholic酗酒者nmoderate适度的中等的aexaggeration夸张夸大其词故作姿态nbinge狂欢放纵nskew使歪斜vdepress使沮丧vdepressed沮丧的afoster培养vsimulate模仿冒充vsimulated模仿的acyberspace网络空间nsurf网上冲浪vperceive理解认识到察觉到vconverse相反反面ngratification满意喜悦noyster一个随心所欲的世界Unit4dispatch派遣vconstitute组成构成vartistry工艺npulse脉冲脉搏nledge 壁架nunearthly神秘的arubble碎石nwreckage残骸nstumble蹒跚voutskirts郊区nintact完整的aapprehend担心忧虑vperil危险冒险ncounterpoise保持平衡vcontinuation继续延长nUnit5tapestry挂毯nbudget预算nchase 追赶追逐nshoot-out枪战ncosmic无穷的aaffecting感人的aresiliency恢复力ntissue网络ndrastic激烈的adrastically激烈地adbuddy密友nflick电影ntrendy时髦的流行的atrendiness 时髦nvérité实录电影ncelluloid电影胶片nsidekick助手伙伴natavistic返祖现象ncull挑选vbounding人际关系nprimal最初的基本的aattachment依附依恋nadversity灾难逆境npalpable易察觉的明显的apalpably 明显地adaccessory配件装饰物nloathsome令人憎恶的aconfidence信任信心nconfess坦白vwretched令人苦恼的amoan呻吟vrestraint限制约束ngrievance不满不平委屈nclaustrophobic自闭症的achum密友ntrench战壕ntrench mate战友nUnit6regulation 符合规定的官方的aprompt引起v expatriate定居国外v barbecue烧烤n suppress抑制镇压v heritage遗产ntwinge阵痛nunease不安nlacuna隔阂空隙n lacunae pl.folly 愚蠢的行为想法n convey传达vreenact再现v reenactment情景再现n skirmish短暂而激烈的斗争nlaunch发动发起v bonnet遮阳帽n goggle-eyed瞪大眼睛的amake-believe虚拟的a swell充满了vpursue继续v enlightenment启发启蒙nriposte机敏的回答v resonate共鸣v sinister邪恶的a personify人格化v cliché陈词滥调n backdrop背景npeer平辈nfleecy质感的a fleeciness质感n confront面临vjarring不和谐的a immersed融入的a Unit7campaign 行动n publicize宣传公布v supplant取代v empirical基于…考虑的apublicity公众注意力n clinch赢得vspot插播广告nswing转变vdictate支配vpriority优先考虑的事n close-up特写ncoverage新闻版面nincumbency任职nplatform政策ndepart脱离违背vdeparture偏差背离ncharisma个人魅力ncondense浓缩压缩vspectacular惊人的壮观的atestament证明norientation定位nelectorate选举人nbog事陷于泥沼，使动弹不得vbe bogged down阻止发展使停顿newscaster播报员ndenounce公开指责谴责vdetrimental有害的acloud使模糊不清voverrate过高评价vhyperbole夸张nimagery意象形象化ntranscript副本nprofuse丰富的很多的aUnit8undersized小于一般尺寸的anerve神经nagony遭受痛苦ndelusion错觉ngrandeur地位显赫的nconceit狂妄自负nexhaust使筋疲力尽vexhausting十分烦人的aconversationalist健谈的人ntiresome讨人厌的amania狂躁nharangue高谈阔论nvoluble口若悬河，健谈的avolubility流利健谈nvegetarianism素食主义者npamphlet小册子nrave咆哮vsuicidal自我毁灭的agloom压抑ncallous无情的麻木的ashudder战栗发抖vgroveling卑躬屈膝aloftily 傲慢地自负地abenefactor施主，捐助者nrecipient接受者nrajah一印第安国王nunscrupulous寡廉鲜耻的aprocession列队队伍ninfidelity不忠诚无信仰nidiotic白痴的aarrogance傲慢无礼ncaricature漫画n讽刺vburlesque做戏使滑稽vlibretto剧本ntestimony证据证词nstupendous惊人的巨大的amistress情妇ncompromise妥协nconceive想出vdownright完全地adtorment煎熬ndemon恶魔nUnit9stance态度立场nassemble集合装配收集vfurtive鬼鬼祟祟的秘密的atan晒成褐色vclose-cropped剪成非常短的avile相当使人不愉快的讨人厌的arepose睡眠休息nsnowbound被雪困住的abonsai盆栽nprune修剪vfacsimile传真复写nacknowledge告知已收到vcache贮存物隐藏物nkickshaw精美的菜肴nawkwardly笨拙地不雅地adstump剩余部分nscab疤nforceps医用镊子nshard碎片ndisinfectant消毒剂ninert迟缓的呆滞的aathwart横跨prepscramble使混乱vscrambled egg炒蛋vdome圆屋顶nprobe调查探测vheft举起测试重量vaccomplice同谋共犯noatmeal燕麦粥ndeceased已故的adignified有尊严的高贵的aUnit10trilogy三部曲nstutter结巴口吃vstutterer口吃的人nsnicker偷笑窃笑ntraumatic创伤的acatfish鲶鱼nprodigious巨大的anondenominational不限于一宗教宗派的ahumiliate使丢脸羞辱vvent（感情）发泄vpound连续打击vgrit研磨vretreat休息寓所nsavor尽情享受vkinship同族者nsermon训诫启示ncritique批评批评文章nsmirk假笑nwry歪曲的adaze迷惑ndubious无把握的半信半疑的cadence节奏ntutelage教导指导noratorical演说的amaneuver军事演习nmentor指导者nvibrant战栗的响亮的aresurrect使复活复兴vabundant 丰富的a.。