非谓语动词的基本结构及用法[1]
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非谓语的基本结构及用法
（一）非谓语的分类以及各自在句子中所能充当的成分。
非谓语分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。（动名词和现在分词形式相同）以下表格表示的是它们各自所能充当的成分：
完成进行to have been writing /
（1）不定式在句子中做主语
To go there in time is his most important task now.
It is his most important task to go there in time.
It is a great joy to play football.
When to start is the question.（不定式与疑问词who ,when,
which,where,how等连用，在句子中起名词作用，可以做主语，表语，宾阳）（2）不定式在句子中做宾语。（以“to do”做宾语的动词主要有：
ask，want，wish，hope，expect，help，refuse，learn，demand，
dare，choose，arrange，decide，agree，promise，plan，offer，manage，pretend，prepare，fail，determine，long，seem等）
如：
They pretended to have finished their work.
He had planned to finish it in time.
They thought it necessary to go to church every weekend.
We find it good to have a walk every day.
They don’t now where to go.
（3）不定式在句子中做表语。
如：
His dream is to be taught by that famous professor.
The only thing he wants to do now is to study hard.
His aim is to get the first place in the game.
The question is which one to choose.
（4）不定式在句子中做状语。
如：We wre excited to hear the news.(原因)
He got there on time just to see that film.
We told him the truth to make him at ease.
He got up early in order to catch the early train.
He got home only to find that his home was broken into.（结果）
（5）不定式在句子中做定语。
如：There is nothing (to worry about.)
That is the room for us( to live in.)（不定式如果是不及物动词，
不定式后面会有相应的介词）
I have a lot of homework to do.
Can you get me something to eat?
They can’t choose the right person to leave.
The man to be sent there is a doctor.
The man to go there is my brother.
He has a chance to go abroad.
He is always the first / last（one）to get to school.
He is the best（one）to finish the work.
（6）在句子中做宾补及词组中的不定式。（以“to do”做宾补的动词主要有：
ask，want，tell，get，order，beg，advise，warn，hate，like，encourage等；
以“do”作宾补的动词主要有：see，watch，notice，hear，feel，let，make，have等），有些形容词词组后面也要接不定式这样的形容词主要有：surprised，excited，
pleased，interested，worried，angry，proud，sorry，satisfied，afraid
ready，able；kind，easy，right，wrong，important，
necessary，good，clever，wise等。
如：
They encouraged us to go ahead.
He has got somebody to get his book back.
We saw him go downstairs and leave the house.
His mother made him do his homework until 10 o’clock.
He is pleased to have seen you here.
I’m glad to be talking to you like t his.
It is clever of him to do so.
It is lucky for him to be invited to this meeting.
2. 动名词:动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种，语态分主动形式和被动形式。以write为例，其动名词的时态和语态变化是：
一般式的主动语态：writing
一般式的被动语态：being written
完成式的主动语态：having written
完成式的被动语态：having been written
（1）动名词在句子中做主语。（与不定式比较）
如：
To be a good teacher is his dream.
Being delayed by the bad traffic is his usual excuse for his being late.
To go there in time is his most important task now.
Looking after the babies is the everyday job she must do.
To do our homework carefully is very useful for us.