GRE Argument模板

Inthis argument ，the author concludes/recommends that ….To support this conclusion/recommendation,the author points out/cites … .In addition/On the basis of this,the author also cites that … .This argument suffers from several critical/logical flaws,which render it unconvincing as it stands. /PE(paragraph ending)：…,the author cannotexpect us to take seriously the claim/convince me that …contribute to … /ruling out such/other possibilities/explanations/accounting for …,the author cannot justifiably conclude that …/ justify the claim/convince me that …/make any sound recommendation to …… before I can accept theauthor’s final conclusion that …(接Perhaps …)If so,this fact/Either scenario/Any of these scenarios,if ture, would significantly/seriously undermine/weaken (the arguer’s contention /conclusion that) …(1)A threshold problem with the argument invloves the statistical reliability ofthe survey because the size of the sample is too small to be sufficient.Also,the sample might be unrepresentative of … as a whole.Without a sufficiently representative sample,the author cannot draw any conclusion whatsoever on the basis of the study. (小样本、代表性)(2) …are rarely sufficient to establisha general conclusion. From the survey quotedinthis argument,we findnosignof suchprocedures for randomsamplingsand have good reasons to doubt if the sample is representative enough to reflect the general situation as a whole.Besides,…provides no information about what percentage of … responded to the surveys.The lower the percentage,the less reliable the results of the surveys/study ’s conclusion. (随机性、代表性)结尾总结用author’s conclusion depends,I would need more information about the size/randomness of the study ’s sample.The author provides no information concerning/omits to inform us about A,B,C and D.It is impossible to conclude without comparing the two groups subjects.For example, ….Without evidence of the study ’s methodological (and statistical) reliability, the author cannot rely on the study to draw any firm conclusion.(1)A is not necessarily due to B.Perhaps ….Since the argument fails to account for this alternative explanation for …,the author cannot …(2)The author unfairly attributes A to B/assumes that A were attributable tocking evidence to confirm this assumption,it is entirely possible that ….Or,perhaps ….After all,the autho r provides no evidence that ….PE.(1)A does not necessarily indicate that B.Perhaps …., ….PE.(2)The argument relies/depends on the (unsubstantiated) assumption that …/ Based on the fact that A the author infers that B.However,/Yet this is not necessarily the case.Perhaps ….If so,this fact would significantly undermine …(3)The fact that … lends no/little credible/scant support to …(4)A probleminvolves the definitionof ….The author fails todefine this critical term.If … is defined as … ,then … .In short, without a clear definition of … it is impossible to assess the strength of the argument.The arguer uses previous experience to illustrate that now …,ignoring t he factor of time which perhaps can change everything including … .Eg:The economic situation becomes worse;The worsening economic situationOne problemwhy I disagree with the argument is that it is unwarranted toinfer from the success of B that A will also succeed by following the same format. Perhaps … .In short,lacking evidence that conditions on the … are relevantly similar,the author cannot convince me on the basis of A’s experience that the action would be effective in B. Eg:economic situation,regionThe argument suffers from “either-or ” reasoning.Based on t he fact that … ,the author unfairly concludes that … .However,the author overlooks the possibility …Another problemwiththe argument is that it overlooks other factors that /the possibility that A is not the only factor affectingB.For instance,perhaps entirely possible that …does in fact serve to ….PE.……/ItisThe author appreciates sb’s strong commitment to sth to some extent. However,we know the fact that to make a commitment is one thing,to achieve it is far more difficult.There is no indication that they might fulfill their promise.结尾： In sum,the argument is unconvincing as it stands/not well supported.To bolster it,the author must provide clear evidence that …The author must also show that ….To better assess/evaluate the argument we would need figures …/more information about ….We should also need to know …。

新GRE写作Argument 模板——By Jason Lee﹡审题+提纲：2min﹡开头+结尾模板：5min﹡中间三段：7min*3=21min﹡补完结尾（检查润色）：2min一、开头-In this argument, the author concludes that...-To bolster this conclusion, the author points out that…-Close scrutiny of these supporting evidences, however, reveals that none of them lend any credibility to the author’s conclusion.二、主体段落展开段落一：-Firstly, the author has tried to reach the conclusion that…by pointing out that…but this argument has failed to see some significant factors.-For instance,-Or, another scenario can be that …展开段落二：-Secondly, by analyzing the conclusion of this argument, we can find the unstated assumption that…-However, the validity of this assumption is challenged by some other possibilities.-It is likely that…-It is of equal probability that..展开段落三：-Finally, even if the foregoing assumptions were all confirmed valid, there remain doubts that render the author’s whole reasoning logically flawed.-To be more specific,-Absent evidence to confirm this assumption, it is entirely possible that…1. Assumptions◆First of all, the author unfairly assumes that…◆After all, the author provides no evidence that…2. Specific Evidences◆The author fails to offer any evidence to warrant this crucial assumption.◆Only if the author could provide the evidence that…can this argument be confirmed valid.◆The assumption cannot be substantiated until the author could provide that…◆As long as the evidence(that/of…) could be offered, the author’s view might be reasonably justified.3. Questions◆The first question of vital prominence could be whether…◆Only if the answer were positive, can the argument be substantiated. In contrast, if the answer were negative, the argument would be considered logically flawed.4. Alternative Explanations◆The explanation offered by the author does not suffice to be evaluated as justifiable based on the given evidence. Alternative explanation could involve that …or that…◆The author’s conclusion unfairly ignores… so a better explanation might be…◆Without considering and ruling out other possible reasons, the author cannot successfully convince me that…*5. 补充一些攻击Flaw的句型(1)样本不足或不具代表性/调查不可靠◆The author provides no evidence that the survey is statistically reliable.◆Perhaps the survey’s sample is not sufficient in size or representative of the quality of…◆The survey methodology might be problematic in several respects:◆As a result, the author cannot justifiably draw any conclusion in light of the survey until adequate evidence is given to lend credibility to it.(2)错误类比（忽略个体差异）◆The author is drawing a false analogy between A and B. It is entirely possible that A and B own divergent situations. Perhaps…Without taking such differences into consideration, it is unconscionable to claim that…(3)方案并非最佳◆The argument fails to consider other possible options for…Perhaps by…or by…◆In short, without weighing the given suggestion against alternatives, it is unconscionable to claim that…(4)非充分/非必要条件、◆The validity of the view that…is never equivalent to the justifiability of the deduction that…(5)时间顺序混淆为因果关系/普通关联混淆为因果关系◆However, the conclusion that A is exclusively responsible for B based on the fact that B occurred after/ at the same time of A is unjustifiable.◆Yet the correlation alone amounts to scarce evidence of the claimed cause-and-effect relationship.(6)错误推论Absent evidence to warrant this deduction, it is entirely possible thatAny of these scenarios, if true, would serve to undermine the author’s claim that…The fact (that…) accomplishes nothing towards bolstering the recommendation.*6. 段内/段间承接Absent the evidence,If this is the case,Perhaps,Even assuming/Even if……does not necessarily indicate that…三、结尾-In sum, the argument not only is logically unsound but also relies on several doubtful assumptions.-To reinforce the argument, the author must qualify the recommendation by accounting for possible alternatives and providing comprehensive evidence.-To better assess the argument, we would expect the author to provide adequate information with respect to…。

GRE的argument写作万能模板为了帮助大家备考gre。

了解更多关于gre的知识，打有准备的仗，下面小编给大家带来GRE 的argument写作万能模板，希望大家喜欢。

GRE 的argument写作万能模板一. 背景介绍-----万能123的诞生它的优势在于：让你用最快的时间找出攻击点，不仅解决攻击语言还解决攻击顺序，还能节省你考试时列提纲的时间我刚开始复习时也是很苦恼，但是当我对着北美范文写了十几篇并日日思索之后，发现了一个万能找茬法。

它的精髓就在于教你写一套属于自己的万能123模板，这个模板不仅解决你语言，攻击顺序，更你提高你的效率，即给你一个找茬的火眼金睛，又给你一个呼之欲出的思路。

我考前一天把我自己的模板背了又背了一遍，考的那篇文章我虽没写过，但是我在issue和argument 中场休息的1分钟之内把我的万能123找茬写在草稿纸上，题目出来后仅仅花了1分钟在万能123找茬勾出题目中题目中的错误点，这样连提纲都省了，还非常有条理。

我考之前把这个提纲发给我一同学让她好好背。

现在拿出来和大家分享，还准备发一份给那个作文老师，以提高他的教学质量。

二. 精华部分---万能123找茬1. 从整体来说：开头结尾不是最重点，中间部分才是重中之重2. 就中间部分来说：具体的语言不是最重点，攻击思路才是重中之重结论就是，攻击思路是重中之重，所以万能123找茬才是重中之重，比万能123模板(语言文字)及开头结尾给重要。

三.精华部分的注释这里是注释：(对照序号看)① 一因为此调查或研究没有提到样本sample，所以可以攻击其样本可能不具代表性，例如1。

样本太小不具代表性2。

样本特殊不具代表性二有了样本仍然可攻击样本没有代表性，例如1。

样本太小不具代表性2。

样本的倾向性问题，即某类人群比其他多数人更愿意参加调查或研究三没有论据的声称其实是很万能的，多用于攻击一些不是调查也不是研究的论据(具体可参照我的例文)② 一这个嘛虽然被某些新东方老师分为3大类，其实本质还是一样的，就是一个群体的特征推到另一个群体身上。

Argument 1_ 杀虫公司In this memo the vice president of the food distribution company recommends selecting Buzzoff Company the best mean to save money. To support this recommendation, the vice president cites the fact that the worthy of the food destroyed in the warehouse which Fly-Away Pest Control Company is in charge of is higher last month. His account of this fact, however, reveals several absent of critical evidence needed to evaluate the judgment. Together, these problems serve to undermine the speaker’s argument.First, the vice president assumes that the result of this certain survey deserves enough credit and is representative of the future 水平of Fly-Away Pest Control Company. However, the president fails to provide any evidence to justify the 权威性of the method they adopted in the survey. Thus it is equally possible that the so-called “damaged” they defined as “caused by pest damage”is the ramification of other kind of causes, such as improper storage conditions. Besides, the data acquired merely in a month is not an adequate indicator of the ability of the Fly-Away Pest Control Company either. Maybe there has been a major 虫灾in the city last month. Since the memo fails to account for this alternative explanation, the president cannot convince me that the result of the food damage survey is capable of reflecting the Fly-Away Pest Control Company’s inferiority. Moreover, without ruling out the possibility that Fly-Away Pest Control Company is working on a more effective way to control pest and the company will be more 有效in the future, the validity of the president’s claim will be deminished.Secondly, even if the survey’s result is reliable, it is not fair to compare the two companies which protected food in two different cities. In order for the justifiability of this comparison, one must assume that all the other relevant circumstances involving the food protection are exactly the same. Unfortunately, this assumption is unwarranted. Perhaps, the Palm city where the Fly-Away Pest Control Company is in charge of has a more suitable environment for the pest’s prosperity. Or, perhaps the warehouse in Palm City is significantly larger than the one in the Wintervale and stores much larger amount of the food. Thus the 20,000 dollars loss does not necessarily demonstrate the Fly-Away Pest Control Company’s disability, if the warehouse in the Palm City is to be protected by Buzzoff Company, the loss might be even bigger.Thirdly, even though the Buzzoff Company is in fact more efficient to control the pest, without providing any information about the prices the two companies charge, the president cannot safely conclude that choosing Buzzoff Company can save more money. If the price they charge is so high that it exceeds the amount saved from food damage by abandoning Fly-Away Pest Control Company, this choice will be inadvisable and inexpedient.In sum, the fact that the recommendation lacks certain essential evidences renders it unconvincing as it stands. To bolster the recommendation the vice president must provide clear evidence that the result of the survey is correct and representative and that the relevant conditions in two cities is almost identical so that the superiority of the Buzzoff is explicit. To better assess the recommendation, I would also need to know the exact prices both companies charges as well as the estimated loss after the adopting of one of the companies.。

34，72，79，88，105，114，126，129，133，145，153，154，211，227，23223, Confusing concurrence with causality:同时发生不为因果The most important problem is the underlying assumption that it is ...that resulted in ... The author only points out that the two events occurred during the same period, however, we all know that merely a coincidence of two events could not sufficiently demonstrate a causal relationship between them. (many other factors could also lead to the result/the author should conduct controlled study to demonstrate the causal relationship )Many other factors could also lead to ... which might include ... Without ruling out such factors, we could not be convinced that ...is the actual cause of ...1，53，59，60，72，75，90，91，101，105，129，142，153，173，23824, Post hoc, ergo propter hoc:前后发生不为因果The author concludes that ...is responsible for ... the assumption is based on the mere fact that ...occurred after ...however, the sequence of the two events, in itself, does not sufficiently prove that the former caused the later one.(many other factors could also lead to the result/the author should conduct controlled study to demonstrate the causal relationship )...might has resulted from other factors, such as ...Without ruling out these possible scenarios, the author could not establish a causal relationship between ...and ...2，9，16，25，30，92，99，102，110，119，123，170，180，195，205，215，218，230，237，239，242证据25, Insufficient evidence:证据不足The author claims that...by showing that....however, but this piece of information in itself is far from sufficient to demonstrate the assumption that...Although (the information provided by the author) may has some relation with ... (we need more critical important information about the case studied. ) More solid evidence are needed before we could be convinced that ...5，6，7，14，18，23，24，27，29，31，33，36，37，40，44，46，47，52，54，56，57，58，61，67，69，70，73，74，81，93，94，110，111，115，117，130，131，136，138，143，148，150，155，157，165，171，179，190，193，198，201，202，204，211，213，223，231，236，237，238，241Failing to consider the credibility of the evidence:46，47，66，72，76，88，118，136，151，176，22626, Unwarranted assumption/credibility of the evidence:无证据假设，攻击背景The assumption that ...is open to doubt, since the author does not provide any single evidence to substantiate the assumption. (many other possibilities might render the assumption suspect. )Given other possibilities about... the author could not hastily assumes that...6，8，11，12，13，14，15，17，21，22，23，25，28，33，50，53，56，62，64，66，67，74，75，78，83，84，86，87，88，89，90，91，92，95，100，101，102，104，105，108，110，112，113，114，118，120，121，122，125，126，127，128，129，130，132，134，136，137，140，142，144，145，146，148，151，152，156，157，160，161，163，164，169，170，172，174，177，178，179，181，191，192，194，195，19 7，202，204，205，206，208，210，212，216，218，219，221，222，223，225，228，231，235，236，239，24227, Definition critique:对某一专用名词没有解释，比如药One problem involves the definition of ...The author fails to give a clear definition of ... thus we could not evaluate if... (the definition might be different from what we commonly consider the term to be )As we commonly accept, ually means ... Therefore, if ...is defined as ... then ... is irrelevant to (the author’s conclusion)In one word, without a clear definition of ... it is impossible to assess the strength of the argument.53，72，81，91，105，141，153，167，179，195，196，211，219，223，226，239。

GRE写作Argument满分范文题目：“The Mozart School of Music should obviously be the first choice of any music student. First of all, the Mozart School stresses intensive practice and training, so students typically begin their training at a very young age. Second, the school has ample facilities and up-to-date professional equipment. Also, its faculty includes some of the most distinguished music teachers in the world. Finally, many Mozart graduates have gone on to be the most renowned and most highly paid musicians in the nation.”范文：This argument concludes that the Mozart School should be the first choice of any music student based on (1) its intensive practice requirements for students of all ages, (2) its outstanding facilities, up-to-date equipment, and distinguished faculty, and (3) the accomplishments of its graduates. The evidence provided indicates that the Mozart School of Music should, in fact, be the first choice but the argument has several fatal flaws.First, while The Mozart School of Music is known for its intensive practice and training regimen, the school might only be suitable for new, young students. Perhaps the methods would be a shock for students already familiar with alternative styles of instruction. For that matter, many older students with other interests and activities may find the intensity and time commitment troubling.Secondly, if the claims are true that the outstanding facilities, equipment, and faculty are offered, it may follow that the cost for these benefits is passed on to students in the form of high tuition. Thus the argument assumes that for all prospective music students’ money is no object—a more affordable school may, in fact, be the first choice for music students.Thirdly, while many alumni have moved on to become rich and famous, the argument doesn’t offer a relevant connection between the graduates and potential students. For example, perhaps the earlier, successful graduates benefitted from market trends that have since changes. Therefore, it would stand to reason that any students with the same type of training would no longer fit the bill. Maybe another school provides the technical training that could better prepare students for emerging opportunities in the music scene.In sum, The Mozart School of Music, while it may certainly be a very good school, can not claim to be the number one choice for any music student—the claim is too sweeping and the evidence too general. To strengthen the argument, its proponent must demonstrate, at the very least, that the school would be affordable to any prospective student. To better assess the argument the audience needs more information about how various aged students with unique educational backgrounds will be treated. And finally, an audience must be provided with a basic understanding of the music industry in order to determine if the contributing factors that led to the success of alumni have gone unchanged.满分因素剖析一、语言表达1. This argument concludes that... based on (1) , (2), (3).(标志性的GRE argument 开头段首句，提出原文的conclusion, 同时非谓语动词短语based on后面引出原文为了支撑结论所引用的evidence) The evidence provided indicates that the Mozart School of Music should, in fact, be the first choice but the argument has several fatal flaws.(标志性的GRE argument开头段结尾，提出原文存在逻辑上的Flaw)2. First, while The Mozart School of Music is known for its intensive practice and training regimen, the school might only be suitable for new, young students. Perhaps the methods would ... . For that matter, ... .标志性的GRE argument 错误因果分析段写法，现提出文章中的错误因果，然后提出其他可能性二、逻辑结构本文是非常严谨的开头段-正文段1-正文段2--正文段3-结尾段的的五段论逻辑体系。

GRE作文argument参考范文第1篇：GRE作文argument参考范文discusshowwellreasonedyoufindthisargument.1.thefollowingwaswrittenasapartofanapplicationforasmallbu sinessloanbyagroupofdevelopersinthecityofmonroe.ajazzmusicclubinmonroewouldbeatremendouslyprofitablee nterprise.currently,thenearestjazzclubis65milesaway;thus,ourpro posedclub,thecnote,wouldhavethelocalmarketalltoitself.plus,jazz isextremelypopularinmonroe:over100,000peopleattendedmonro esjaz*estivallastsummer,severalwell-knownjazzmusiciansliveinmonroe,andthehighest-ratedradioprograminmonroeisjazznightly,whichairseveryweekni ght.finally,anationwidest未完，继续阅读 >第2篇：GRE作文ARGUMENT范文discusshowwellreasonedyoufindthisargument.1.thefollowingappearedinalettertotheeditorofabatavianews paper.thedepartmentofagricultureinbataviareportsthatthenumb erofdairyfarmsthroughoutthecountryisnow25percentgreatertha nitwas10yearsago.duringthissametimeperiod,however,thepriceo fmilkatthelocalexcellofoodmarkethasincreasedfrom$1.50toover$ 3.00pergallon.topreventfarmersfromcontinuingtoreceiveexcessiv eprofitsonanapparentlyincreasedsupplyofmilk,thebataviagovern mentshouldbegintoregulateretailmilkprices.suchregulationisnec essarytoensurebothlowerpricesanda未完，继续阅读 >第3篇：GMAT考试：Argument写作范文参考inthiseditorialtheauthorassertsthatopinionpollsarelittlebette rthanrandomguessestopredictingoutesofpresidentialelections.theauthorsbasisforthisassertionisthatopinionpollsmeasureonlythe preferencesofvotersatthetimeofthepollandthatmanyvoterschang etheirpreferencesseveraltimebeforevoting?someremainingunde cideduntilthemomenttheycasttheirvote.theauthorsreasoningisu nconvincingintwocriticalrespects.firstofaltthepredictionsbasedonrandomguessingaresuchthat thegreaterthenumberofcandidates,thelesslikelythepredictionwill becorrect.thereasonforthisisobvious:ran未完，继续阅读 >第4篇：GRE作文ARGUMENT范文赏析discusshowwellreasonedyoufindthisargument.inastudyofreadinghabitsofleevillecitizensconductedbytheuni versityofleeville,mostrespondentssaidtheypreferredliteraryclassi csasreadingmaterial.however,afollow-upstudyconductedbythesameresearchersfoundthatthetypeofbo okmostfrequentlycheckedoutofeachofthepubliclibrariesinleeville wasthemysterynovel.therefore,itcanbeconcludedthattherespond entsinthefirststudyhadmisrepresentedtheirreadinghabits.arecentstudyshowsthatpeoplelivingonthecontinentofnortha mericasuffer9timesmorechronicfatigueand31timesmorechronicd epre未完，继续阅读 >第5篇：GRE作文ARGUMENT真题四４４、thefollowingistakenfromanadvertisementplacedinaweeklybusine ssmagazinebythedickensacademy.wedistributedasurveytoseniormanagementatinternationalm ega-publishing,inc.theresultofthesurveyclearlyindicatesthatmanyemp loyeeswerewellpreparedinbusinessknowledgeandputerskills,butlackedinterpersonalskillstointeractgracefullywithcustomers.intern ationalmega-publishingdecidedtoimprovecustomersatisfactionbysendingthei rnewlyhiredemployeestoourone-dayseminars.sincetakingadvantageofourprogram,internationalm ega-publishinghasseenasharpincreaseinsales,anindicatio 未完，继续阅读 >第6篇：GRE作文精选：Argumentgre作文精选：argumentdiscusshowwellreasonedyoufindthisargument.1.thefollowingappearedinamemorandumwrittenbythevicepr esidentofnature'sway,achainofstoressellinghealthfoodandotherh ealth-relatedproducts."previousexperiencehasshownthatourstoresaremostprofitab leinareaswhereresidentsarehighlyconcernedwithleadinghealthyli ves.weshouldthereforebuildournextnewstoreinpainesville,which hasmanysuchresidents.painesvillemerchantsreportthatsalesofru nningshoesandexerciseclothingareatall-timehighs.thelocalhealthclub,whichnearlyclosedfiveyearsagodue tolackofbusiness,has未完，继续阅读 >第7篇：GMAT Argument作文备考方案范本参考不难看出，gmatargument作文主要考察的是考生的逻辑分析和判断能力，而提高此能力不妨结合cr部分；同时，考生也需要熟悉题库，力求对题目素材预先进行分析从而培养良好的判断和推论能力，并且多对行文结构和切入点有所构思甚至是设计，如此一来，便容易在考场上轻松写出一篇出*的文章了。

The argument wrongly attributed A to BThe argument simply equates becoming famous and getting highly paid to attaining real musical achievements.A might pose a negative impact on B, as opposed to the benign consequences conceived by the author. Installing the software may actually pose negative effects on the employees ’morale, rather than the bett er work ethic which is conceived by the author.A is not a good indication of B.The sales of recorded music are not a good indication of the popularity of rock and roll.解释他因：1. The author oversimplifies the factors that could …2. The author fails to incorporate other possible causes that can also3. Any of these scenarios, if true would cast considerable doubt on the argument ’s conclusion that..想不出类型的时候可以这么说：1. We may well ask that is A a good indication of B?2. Another question that should be addressed is: can the consumers reliably distinguish products that aremade with CCC’s copper?3. 示例段落模板 :The author suggests that we should apply the same(A’s) method to B. To evaluate this recommendation, we may well ask that are A and B comparable? As we know, A and B might differ/divide in 。

In this argument, the arguer advocates that [main idea].✓·in order to 好/boost (sagging) profits/improve the economic health✓·A should emulate B’s measures✓To bolster the conclusion,✓the arguer provides the evidence/statistics that...,✓points out that...✓cites the result of a resent survey that... indicated a preference for...✓cites data collected during a recent study, suggesting that ...✓along with the fact that .../ based on which he assumes that ...✓In addition/Furthermore/Meanwhile,✓he projects/predicts thatAlthough this argument might seem reasonable at first glance, it is in fact ill-conceived. The reasons are stated as follows.In the first place/In the second place/The last but not the least✓the threshold problem with this argument is that ……✓the argument depends on a dubious assumption that……✓the arguer assumes that no factor other than .... is responsible for/gives birth to……✓even if the evidence turns out to support the foregoing assumptions, the arguer just simply assumes that……✓Although this is entirely possible, the arguer offers no evidence to substantiate this crucial assumption.✓Nevertheless, there is no guarantee that it is necessarily the case, and the arguer does not supply any evidence to confirm this assumption.✓and neither any conclusive scientific evidence nor any anecdotal evidence is provided to affirm this assumption.✓It is very likely that✓It is possible that……✓It is reasonable to doubt that what the arguer assumes will not happen in reality. It is just as possible that……✓An appropriate example is not very far to seek.✓To illustrate this point clearly, let us take a look at the following representative example.✓The arguer's reasoning is flawed unless the arguer can convince me that these and other possible scenarios are unlikely.✓Without accounting for and ruling out these and other alternative explanations, the arguer cannot bolster the recommendation.✓Without patching these logical flaws /better evidence that the study/survey is statistically reliable the arguer cannot rely on it to draw any firm conclusions.✓To reach the cited conclusion, the arguer must explain either why none of these alternatives is available or why none of them is able to sustain.✓To reach the cited conclusion,the arguer should account for and rule out these possibilities. ✓the following deductions appear to be precarious since the most important premise proves to be unwarranted.To sum up, the conclusion reached by the arguer lacks credibility since the argument has several flaws which render it logically unpersuasive as it stands. In order to draw a better conclusion, the arguer should✓first further develop his argument by ……✓reason more convincingly, cite some evidence that is more persuasive to show the****.✓And also, he should eliminate the possible influences interrupting the analogy experiment.✓At last he should discreetly reconsider the proposal for ……✓Additionally, the author would provide more information to show that ……, and take every possible consideration into account.Therefore, if the author had considered the given factors discussed above, the argument would have been more through and acceptable.两个东西不相关From the outset,the author has failed to build a strong connection concerning the secondary infections and the problems faced by the two groups of patients. Considering the few information the author has provided me with, I am not sure the two groups of patients have even been infected for a second time.In addition, the doctors have limited the secondary infections on the severe muscle strain. It is somehow different form the normal muscle injuries and the author has also omitted the possible distinctions here. Since the secondary infections may not inflict the patients, the following deductions appear to be precarious since the most important premise proves to be unwarranted.Sample 不可信From the outset, what is the most fatal, the author's overall view is based on a precarious sample. /The arguer provides no evidence that survey’s respondents are representative of the overall group of ...Twenty five infants cannot well represent a truth generally for the relatively small number of individuals is dubious for scientific observation.This argument contains neither sign of random sampling nor the specific way how the study was conducted.Nor to mention the author has failed to convince me by providing with enough details focusing on the individual characteristics, necessarily including the personality of the parents, the circumstance they were facing since they were born and so on. Possibly, the twenty five infants all belong to a specific type of people; that is to say, their formation of the personalities cannot well illustrate a common truth withheld by all the infants.调查不可信Since the survey is a telephone survey, the reliability of its result is suspicious at many aspects, e.g. the size of the sample, who responded to the survey, if therespondents could exactly understand the questions, if the respondents were forthright when answering the questions, etc.没有对比，无法定义And also, the unfamiliar stimuli, as the author claims, can probably have the same effects on most of the infants. As we all know, it is the human instinct to be scared by the unknown; such characteristics may intensively appear on the infants. Maybe every infant tend to be distressful confronting the unfamiliar, somehow unpleasing stimuli as the infants in the group; therefore there is no reason to believe the distress only exist in the group. Since there is not a control group, which can eliminate such possibility, the author's evidence pointing out the special distress displayed by the group of infants has no strong bases. The comparison is deadly needed since the evidence presented here is a threshold process in verifying the effects of melatonin.还有其他的原因，不是就这一个Even if I admit, the group of the infants can accurately and precisely reflect the special signs of distress,is that to say the production of melatonin is the true reason leading to the result? As I have mentioned above, the genetic inheritance, the environment the infants have faced since the birth and many other factors can also contribute to the distress. Moreover, melatonin may not be the only hormone in effect; there can be a wide varieties of stimuli engendered by their mothers, correspondingly effect the infants; and thus there is no reason to believe a single hormone is the only effective factor, instead of a possible cooperative result. Still the author should provide some control teams eliminating the unrelated influences.错上加错In addition ，the follow-up studying doesn't help to explain and compensate for the fallacies mentioned above;on contrast it further aggravates the confusions made by the author. The author has mentioned a research made in the group of infants who are now teenagers. The relation is not accurate or strong enough to relate the signs to their condition as infants, while categorizing them into the shyness in strictly medical sense. The different conditions in growing up, can be more effective factor deciding what they are when they are teenagers; in fact, if an individual grows up without brother or sister, he can be a silent person since he never get used to talking to others. Such continuation cannot be truly verified, considering the murky information in observing the overall growing process of the infants.类比有错误Even if I admit that the two groups of patients are confronting the secondary infections as the author has stated, the author's analogy appears to be dubious.First and the foremost the author failed to illustrate with detailed information focusing on the patients. If the patients being to the first group treated by Dr. Newland are much stronger on average than that in the second group then the comparison is of little meaning.As a common sense in experiment the scientist should control unrelated factors as much as possible;besides the worries mentioned above, the factors say the age, the gender, or even the live style can also lead to a distinction in recovery. Secondly, if I omit the fallacies above, the author should illustrate his evidence, detailing the difference of two doctors and their treating method. Possibly, Dr. Newland is an expert in muscle injuries and Dr.Alton has a wider scope in his major and therefore, Dr. Alton doesn't have performance as excellent as Dr. Newland. And the treating condition and environment can also be divergent;a specifist may have better and more fitful medical utility dealing with the problem. Thus to blame the secondary infections for the delay in recovery is highly reckless while not ruling out all the alternative explanation all mentioned above.两个东西不能比，有差别In the ** place,Another trouble with the argument is that no clear evidence is provided to substantiate that the endemic/national statistics about the *** can be applied equally to other regions in the country. Adimittedly this might be possible that these town County embrace same characteristic to some extent,however,an inherent distinctions between every regions will inform us the exitence of another ability that……,which perhaps is very different from other regions in the country.逻辑错误调查错误·the sampling of the study is reliable.It is very likely that the experimental and the control groups of the study were not randomly chosen.For example, they are just ... which could not represent a diverse cross section of the population. 画蛇添足·it is necessary that过去·be responsible for/contribute to/ give birth to未来·this trend in... will continue in the future空间变化·the similar strategy will carry a similar result at ...另起炉灶·no course of action other than the proposed one will contribute to the problem.It is just as possible that other proposals might also solve the problem.For example, there are ...负面影响· there is no possible detrimental effect of...例子核心词汇such as/ especially if/人口因素·A has experienced a large growth in its population管理因素·imprudent (pricing and distribution) strategies or poor management偶然因素... was an aberration先天因素·... was more relatively healthy/relatively bright than average to begin with.For example, they exercise regularly and eat healthily司机因素... do not have enough security knowledge in mind or do not keep alert all the time.For example, a large portion of A, who enjoy the feeling of freedom and high speed, are bold and careless, which may be the lurking danger for accidents.时间因素were traveling during less safe times of the day, such as early in the morning, or during twilight地形因素the geographic features of ... are more conductive to cause accidents.For example, ... has many sharp turns天气因素poor weather价格因素the price of... has been cut down in order to tout consumers旅游因素A is a tour resort, so the customers who ... are mainly tourists instead of local residents.宴会因素most of th e consumption is from the big company’s invitation banquet品牌因素A has some special advantage thatB do not have - and that it cannot duplicate in any other types. 供求因素Property values are a function of supply and demand.It is at least likely that the demand for housing in the area happens to rocket dramatically due to an influx of major employers.In addition, it is possible that the supply of housing has decreased.竞争因素A’s competitive opponent firms and companies move to other cities. (go bankrupt)成本因素the cost for ... may has gone up rapidly, which will have to be included in the retail price of ...市场因素consumption of other similar products have also declined during that time,the amount of which might even exceed that of ...价格因素the earlier products are prohibitively expensive for most consumers改革因素the university built more laboratories in the past two years, and then, it is obvious that more money would spend on the new projects.教授因素there are too few professors of botany in the university and the students, although lack of interest, have no choice but to attend Thomas's class必修因素the classes she teaches are requirements for every science student.老师因素the school hired more effective teachers whose outstanding teaching methods contributed to theimprovement of……新旧因素... has to update its trucks, which are old and out of service, rather than add to its new...规模因素the size of the farms has shrinked.For example, a farm which has 30 cows producing more milk than two farms each of which has 10 cows.质量因素... is not so good, so people are unwilling to go to ... when they ...顾客因素many customers are indeed disgruntled about..., but too busy to take time and effort to formally complain.领导因素college career-planning staff provides students with little information about the current job market. 竞争因素·they have already attended a similar coursethere are cheaper but highly-qualified products from the formidable opponents/ the surrounding areas coming in the instant future insomuch as these products will tout more customers and make the future’s sales sharply down;习惯原因the consumer tastes and habits have become so well entrenched that consumers would not be glad to change.流行因素It is well known that the taste of the public especially when it comes to such vogue cases as ... shifts quicker than anyone can imagine. Today’s hot issue may well be in tomorrow’s landfill. Maybe at that time ... are in the fashion due to... other than...个人因素many unemployed residents are unwilling to go to work if offered the chance, for their handsome welfare can support their families。

Argument 模板词句：一、模板In this argument, the author concludes that…To bolster the contention, the author cites the example/statistics that…Plausible as it is ostensibly, the argument suffers from some serious fallacies.First of all, the assumption that…is unwarranted.Second, even admitting that…, I still cast doubt on…Third, in asserting…, the author... However…Apart from the foregoing flaws, another weakness involved in the argument lies in the false conjecture that…To sum up, because of these paralogisms discussed above, I have to suspend my judgment on the credibility of the argument until the author either lends more cogent evidence on….or demonstrate that….二、证据不足●Absence of evidence buttressing that…simply leaves the conclusion open to suspension.●Without ruling out these possibilities, the conclusion is severely undermined.三、错误因果The mere fact cannot substantiate it that there is any correlation between the two phenomena, which just turn out to be synchronic(同时发生的), let alone a causal relationship.四、错误类比Nevertheless, the author makes such a hasty generalization that he totally neglects/overlooks the potential disparity(不同，比difference高级) between A and B.五、举反例●The inadequate evidence cannot overshadow other possible scenarios that…(举反例)●Chances are that…●It is entirely possible that…●We have every reason to surmise that…六、建议改进●Should the author modify the recommendation/take other facts into consideration/providemore evidence to illustrate the point, the conclusion could have been more persuasive.●The writer had better…●It is wiser for the Company not risk adopting the unjustified recommendation before morecredits were lent on this point.七、Argument常用词近义替换：1、证明：substantiate/justify/testify/verify/vindicate/warrant/underlie/corroborate2、解释：illustrate/demonstrate/elucidate/explicate/expound/elaborate/accout for3、推论：contention/position/stance/conclusion/conjecture/inference/deduction4、推理：surmise/conjecture(v.)/extrapolate/deduce/reason(v.)5、可靠：credibility/validity/tenability/reliance/legitimacy/soundness6、削弱：undermine/detract/impair/whittle down/vitiate7、增长:boost/mounting/augment/rise/grow/surge/enhance/accelerate/amplify/promote/ soar/proliferate8、减少：reduce/decline/deplete/drop/fall/cut down/slash/curtail/dwindle/shrink/slash9、可疑：dubious/problematic/sweeping/indefensible/vulnerable to challenge。

开头In the argument (memo, the article , ....), the athor (the editor , the president , the major....) claims ( concludes, predicts , recommends )that. It seems to be true that ......when going through what the author provides at first sight. However , further considerations show thatA 证据：to better evaluate the argument , there is much evidence which is not provided but is needed.First of all ,we need more detailed information which can give the real cause of the rise of grades.........with out better evidence that .....the ...will be convincing.Secondly, we need the evidence from which we can know that whether it is rational to appl.......so, if the fact is that ,......it will lend a support to the ......Last but not the least,the evidence that can show the advantages and disadvantages of the procedure is needed..............therefore, if evidence prove that ......the ...will be seriously weakened.B 假设：the conclusion( prediction, claim, recommendation, ) is based on a series of assumptions which are need to be more examined .First of all , the author assumes that the accidents in and around Centerville involving teenage drivers happen very frequently according to the evidence provided in the argument and they are all teenage drivers' fault..........thus, if the assumption can not be warranted, the argument will be unpersuasive.Secondly, the argument relies on the assumption that the mandatory program sponsored by the high school will sure to be effective,there is no evidence can lend a support,however.......so, if the fact is that ,the assumption will be unwarranted, thus making the ...less convincing.Last but not the least,the argument rests on a assumption that most of the video-game players owns a most up-to-date computer which allows them to play the games provide livelike graphics......therefore , if the assumption can not be substantiated, the argument will be seriously weakened.is rooted in/depend onC 问题：to better evaluate the recommendation (advice ,prediction), there are many questions to be answered in advance.First of all ,whether is it rational to take Apex Theater which is located outside the town as an example tolead to the conclusion that the Rialto Movie Theater which has a downtown location needs the same changes?......thus , without a clear answer, the ...will be unpersuasive.Secondly, whether is it reasonable to apply the result of the survey which is in the northeastern United States cities to infer the market condition of the whole nation? So ,if the fact is ,.....it will lend a support to ......Last but not the least,can the evidence ,which show that the average Dura-Sock customer actually purchases new Dura-Socks every three months and they most value Dura-Sock's stylish appearance and availability in many colors,indicant that customers care little about the durability ? Therefore, if the answer is ....the argument will be seriously weakened.D 解释：there are other explanations that can alternatively,and even better , account for the facts presented.First of all , the ........may result from the fact that ..............thus, if this is the fact, the argument will be unpersuasive.Secondly, the reason why.......maybe that , rather than.....,which is provided by the author.so ,since the existence of this explanation ,the argument is be unconvising.Last but not the least, maybe , the ........is due to the fact that ....therefore,since there is no evidance provided to rule out this explanation, the argument is seriously weakened.结尾：In sum, it may be true that .........However the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are far from convincing when merely according to what the author offers. Since there is......, we can not agree with the .....如果来不及写结尾：In sum , merely according to what the author provies, we can not agree with him.1 调查（有些人抱怨）In the argument , the author provides no relevant information to show how many people were surveyed and how many actully responded .Nor does the author offer any evidence to prove that the sample was represantative of the whole (patrons).What is known to all is that the smaller the sample,the less reliable the survey;the less representative the sample ,the more inaccurate the result. Perhaps , only a few old peole whoparticipated the survey and not all of them gave their answers.For this matter,it is entirely possible that the truth of the fact is completely the contrary:the outcry comes from only a few people ,while others, which are of the greatest proportion of the whole customers , were nonchalance towards what the company did. ......as a result ,the Endure manufacturing process is actually a guarantee of profits rather than a waste of money.In the argument , the author only says that commuters are complaining about the increase in the rash-hour traffic on Blue Highway. But , what actually all the commuters think? Since the author provides no relevant information to show how many people actually complained ,nor does the author offer any evidence to prove that the people he refers were represantative of the whole (patrons)Maybe there is merely a few people complained ,and most of the commuters are saitisfied with the traffic on the highway.For this matter,it is entirely possible that the truth of the fact is completely the contrary:......Thus , an additional lane will be unnecessary.2 类比As we know that only comparison between objects which are essencially the same in other primary aspects can it have the chace making sense . In the argument , unfortunatly,the author dosen't give any information about the Alpha University(AU) can show that the teaching level and the abilities of students are almost the same as the OU so that students should have been the same competent when find jobs. And the argument also lacks the most siginificant information that whether the AU also adopts the students' evaluation of the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. If there is evidence tells that students in AU are the most exellante in the county even in the whole nation , although students in OU have not been as successful as them , these student may still be very successful. And if the students in AU also evaluate their teachers, the comparison will be more meaningless.takes the latter highway for example to prove that3 部分代整体(1与5)Thirdly,whether is it reasonable to apply the result of the survey which is in the northeastern United States cities to infer the market condition of the whole nation? Forasmuch as what experience tells us that the preferences of people vary widely from one place to another, there is a possibility that even the result is accurate which is from a reliable survey in the northeastern United States cities,the fact in other places may be the contrary:As the result of the fact that whether this method to estimate the general market condition is acceptable is unclear,the conclusion is dubious.4 盈亏问题It is know to all that profitbality is function of both revenue and expense. We are not provided any information that can show the price of the fabric supplies and other facilities needed for the production . Nor dose we offerred evidence which shows the scope and the degree of the rise of the clothing prices. Perhaps even other kind of clothes increase in prices, the alpaca overcoat particularlly on the contrary decrease. Even it may be true that the price of the overcoat will increase ,but if the total costs increase much more significant than the revenue the overcoat brings, this kind of overcoat will unlikely to be profitable,no matter how huge the revenue will be. Thus , the assumption is not rational , and it weakens the argument.High price keeps patrons away while lower one makes the revenue even less than expense,no matter how huge the revenue will be.5 以去年的推测现在或以后的the argument is rooted in the assumption that people today are still in favor of the alpaca overcoat and are willing to buy new ones . As we all know that fashions and people's needs are always changing. It maybe true that the alpaca overcoat is popular among people five years ago, but it is not rational to use people's previous propensity to predict what people will prefer today. It is entirely possible that people today have been fed up with seeing this kind of overcoat and few of them are willing to purchase one .6 增加减少的基数不知道7 一些专家，一些领导他们的话可不可信Sencondly , there should be an assumption that what the experts say are rational to be applied to infer that the fatigue and sleep deprivation are significant factors which lead to the on-the-job accidents at QM. On one hand , whether is what the experts say convincing? If their theory do not match the truth , it will be useless to cite what they discover here. On the other hand , even if the experts tell the truth , there is no realible evidence the president provides can indicate that the workers are now all faced with the problems ,fatigue and sleep deprivation, the theory may also be of no use here.T hus , if the president combine a convicing theory with an reliabe survey among works of their physical condition to lend a support to the assumption , the argument may be more persuative8 有没有其他的选择？就只能选这个公司？9 有没有副作用？或者好处？（肯定理由，但是质疑结论）10 一种措施等的改变考虑结果的时候时间是否够，有没有别的原因、Secondly, the answer to the question that does the changes of the Apex Theater prove to be worthy that it has brought big profits should be solved. It is true that the AT has done something special , but no evidence shows that he benefits greatly due to what he did.Maybe when residents choose a theater , they seldom take the carpeting , seats and even the videoarcade into considertation but the other factors such as the security of the theaters. Even if the new equipments really can attract more people to come , but as the profitability is a function of both revenue and expense, it is entirely possible that the increased revenue, no matter how huge it is , is still much less than the expense .As a consquence , the answer that can tell the result of the new equipments brought is necessary .11 新进了设备，工作人员怎么样有助于怎么样按照内容分：A 道路.If we are provided with the information that the Blue Highway is located in the contryside and has a smooth surface while the Green Highway is near to the center of the city and its pavement is rough, the same measures taken among these two highways will be more likely to result in different outcomes.As a consqeunce , before adopting the recommendation , the evidence which can more specificly describe the two highways is needed.B 电视节目C 公司的比较，员工，效率，收费等等D 教育问题E 我们公司的策略问题F对argument，第一段，the ....offers no....Nor does..第二段，however，the ....is more likely to be false. ........for one thing , for another ,,,,,,,in addition.......第三段，the facts may not match what the author think. Perhaps , or perhaps.......关于每段展开，必要的三要素：作者没有交代，作者错误理解；可能的情况；这样的后果（这点很重要，分析）。

开头模板：The author conclude/suggest/argue/assert that ~~ , however, there are several fatal flaws/bugs/defects which severely undermine the rationality and persuasion of the author’s claim.最后一段模板：首句Model 1: In sum/all in all, the author fails to provide sufficient evidence to support the recommendation/conclusion that ~~Model 2: In sum/all in all/ to sum up/ to summarize, the conclusion/recommendation is not adequately supported as it stands.Model 3: the conclusion is not persuasive as it stands.Model 4: the survey which the author cites permits little reliable inference about/regarding ~~提建议：To strengthen the argument ~~~ to further strengthen the argument ~~To better access/evaluate the argument ~~ to further strengthen the argument ~成功的广告宣传：successful advertisement campaign/successful ad campaign/more awareness/effective advertisement目标人群：target audience有其他可能性：leave room for other possibilities/entirely open to other possibilities保证充足的样本量：ensure enough sample size代表性：representativeness可比的：comparable 不可比的：incomparable调查对象：subjects加强管理：reinforce/strengthen/energize the management实施：carry out /implement the plan/policy/regulation/guidelines研究类Study/research : 1.sample size 2.representativeness parable 4. are the result consistent/in agreement with other studies and researches 其他，如是否分组有对照，有无入选标准，评价指标是否客观，有无讲结果盲目外推，有无轻易下结论而未参考其他的文献和研究。

ArgumentSample 1In this argument the author employs a variety of evidence about Paleans, including their geographical isolation and the discovery of a basket, to argue that Palean baskets could have been made by non-Palean cultures. We may accept part of the author’s claim regarding the Paleans, but in the absence of some critical evidence, we cannot accept the conclusion that the Paleans have no means of transporting one of their baskets to other region.In the first place, the author assumes that the Paleans could not have reached Lithos because no Palean boat has been found. However, the author is treating a lack of proof that the Paleans could have possessed some kind of boat as sufficient proof that they did not possess any such vehicles at all. From the passage we are only informed that Palean boats “were not found〞, but the mere fact that no boat found currently could not fully illustrate that the Paleans did not have boats. We need concrete evidence to show that the Paleans did not master the skill of shipbuilding.Granted that the Paleans did possess no boats, we still need evidence to prove that the basket could not have arrived in Lithos by other means. Although the Brim River is deep and broad at present, it might be shallower and narrower at Palean time, or at least some sections of the river were less deep and broad at that time. If so, the Paleans could have crossed the river without boat. Some archaeological and geological records or documents about the condition of the Brim River at ancient time might be useful for evaluating the argument.Assuming that the river was also deep and broad in ancient time and can be crossed only by boat, there is a possibility that some vehicles were in the possession of a second culture with whom the Palean people kept in contact. The second culture might have brought the discovered basket to Lithos during trading or other activities. Also possibly, the basket may have been brought to Lithos by some other people latterly after the disappearance of the Paleans, or may have drifted to the site due to geological accidents such as a flood. The author should provide evidence to show that Paleans had no significant contact with other cultures who possessed boats, and that the basket could not be carried to the site through other methods such as trading or some accidents. We still cannot rule out the possibility that the baskets were unique to Palean culture without such information.In sum, the conclusion is hastily reached. Before the claim that other cultures could have produced so-called Palean baskets is accepted, the author should provide concrete evidence to show that Paleans were never capable of building boats. The author also needs to rule out other possible ways by which the basket could travel to other places.In the argument the arguer points out that Crust Copper Company (CCC) has purchased a vast of land in West Fredonia and that mining here will inevitably lead to tremendous pollution. To avoid such environmental problems, the arguer suggests that boycott towards products produced by CCC will be an effective measure. Well-intentioned the arguer may be, several unwarranted assumptions may render the boycott unnecessary or ineffective.First, the underlying assumption that the deterioration of environment and disturbance to endangered animals will inevitably occur is open to doubt. Ten thousand square miles are, without any doubt, so large an area that almost make up the total territory of New York City, there is likelihood that only a very small proportion of the land is used for mining. Furthermore, with the advanced technology of waste disposal and environmental-friendly recycling, the pollution, if any, can be so insignificant that almost has no negative effect to the environment. Even if the exploration is heavy, the arguer does not inform us to what extent the mining areas and the habitat of endangered species overlap. If they locate far away from each other, the mining would have little effect to local animals. Without taking these factors into consideration, the arguer could not successfully convince us that CCC’s mining process will bring about horrible results, and the boycott would be totally unnecessary in this case.Second, the feasibility of the arguer’s pro posal can also be cast doubt on. The proposal could be smoothly carried out only if the consumers can reliably distinguish products that are made with CCC’s copper. We all know that only the brand of the final producer will be engraved to a product. For instance, if a copper lock is manufactured, consumers can only identify the brand of the lock company. It is unlikely that a nonprofessional consumer can tell the material supplier of a certain product. Even assuming that consumers can effectively recognize copper products made with CCC’s copper, and that the vast majority of such consumers can be gathered by certain means, whether all of them are willing to cooperate in the boycott is still not guaranteed. It is highly possible that most consumers care more about the quality and cost of a product while little about environmental problems. If the consumers cannot distinguish products using CCC’s copper, or they have no interest in the boycott, the proposal would be meaningless at all, let alone prevent environmental problems.In conclusion, the argument is unpersuasive and the arguer should provide additional information to demonstrate that CCC will cause a disastrous effect on the environment of West Fredonia once its mining plan is carried out. The arguer also needs to prove that the proposed boycott is not only practically feasible, but also sufficient and necessary for the arguer’s purpose.In this argument the manager suggests that Rialto must offer same features as Apex, a newly opened theater, to attract moviegoers. The manager describes many fancy functions featured by Apex and the dissatisfaction of moviegoers about the high price of new movies. However, merely these facts could not prove that the proposed action will guarantee Rialto’s share of the market.A foremost question is: whether Apex was really a great success? We are not informed about the actual profit and the number of moviegoers of Apex. It is possible that the costs of these fashionable features are so high that the ticket prices of Apex are higher than other theaters, which will further prevent moviegoers on a tight budget from going to it, or that the ticket income of Apex remains low although it had featured those functions.Granted that Apex has gained great profits, we may still ask that whether the success resulted from those new features. Many other factors would also influence people’s choice on a theater. For example, people would be concerned more about the distance of the theater from their houses. Meanwhile, whether the lack of these features has caused a decreased share of moviegoers for Rialto is open to doubt. Perhaps the total number of residents in down town area was decreasing recently, and therefore Rialto could not attract as many people as before.Another question that should be addressed is the comparability of the two theaters. As we know, many factors would make them quite different from each other: their locations, the types of movie they mainly feature, the ticket price, etc. Any one of these factors would make the measures less effective in Rialto as in Apex. The manager cannot convince us that Rialto could gain profits by simply copying the features of Apex.Furthermore, we may question the reliability of the survey. We could not be sure if the respondents of the survey are representative of the overall population of the city and constitute a large number of people. Besides, granted that the respondents’ opinion could represent that of our general residents, Rialto could take other actions as response, such as featuring some formerly-released movies with lower price.It is understandable that a theater should struggle for its survival. But before the manager could provide complete information about the actual profits of Apex, and show clear evidence that Apex has attracted many moviegoers because of its new features, we could not hastily conclude that providing these features at Rialto would secure its future prosper.Basing on the assumption that farmers are receiving excessive profits on increased supply of milk, the author recommends Batavia government to regulate retail milk prices. Admittedly, it is the responsibility of the government to ensure the stability of the market, however, several questions must be addressed before we could determine whether the regulation will be necessary and effective for lowering milk price.A critical assumption of the argument is that the farmers are receiving unreasonable profits, which is unwarranted before several factors have been considered. A foremost question is that whether the number of dairy farms could accurately reflect the supply of milk, for there is no necessary relationship between them. It is possible that the average milk supply of each single farm has dropped and therefore the total supply would not increase. It is also possible that a great proportion of milk produced has been processed to other dairy products or has been exported. The milk supply on market will decrease in these cases.Granted that the supply of milk did increase during the past decade, we may well ask that whether the prices of milk are increasing all over the country. The author provides only one sample----the Excello market to illustrate the variation of milk price, but many factors may render the situation at the market unrepresentative of the national trends. Perhaps the supply of milk in the region where the market locates was relatively lower than national average, or the milk production is much more costly here due to some geographic factors. Any one of these possibilities would make the higher milk price in Excllo totally a normal phenomenon.Even if the prices of milk were also doubled throughout the country, just as happened in Excello, the author overlooks a myriad of economic factors that would result in the increase. Consider, for example, the cost of milk production and transportation might have increased as well during the same period, or perhaps the supply of milk could not meet the demand in spite of an increased supply. The author also needs to inform us how much did the price of milk actually increase after adjustment for inflation. Without accounting for these factors, the author could not convince us that farmers have received excessive profits and that the regulation is indeed necessary.Finally, even if the author can successfully address all the questions foregoing, it is unjustifiable to conclude that the regulation of retail milk prices could ensure an adequate supply of milk and therefore, a fair price. It is likely that the regulation would reduce the profits of farmers; they might be less interested in producing milk, or will produce less milk as a response. If so, adopting the author’s recommend ation will actually lead to inadequate supply of milk rather than the optimistic result expected by the author.Undoubtedly, the author’s intention of keeping the market stable and ensuring fair price of milk is justified. But to convince us that the regulation is necessary to ensure a reasonable milk price and adequate supply, the author must substantiate the assumption that the profits received by farmers are undeserved and that the regulation is sufficient for ensuring lower price. Hastily carrying out such regulation would actually pose negative effects on the supply of milk.The fewer sick days and lower diagnosis of stress-related illness in Leeville may, to some extent, indicate better health status of residents. But the situation could also be explained by many other factors. It is too hasty for the Chamber of Commerce to conclude that it is the relaxed pace of life that brings those health benefits.First of all, the Chamber implies that Leeville residents are in satisfying health condition, which serves as a foremost premise of the argument. However, the number of sick days and the diagnosis of stress-related illness do not necessarily indicate the health condition of residents. The fewer sick days may result from strict restrictions on sick leaves at Leeville factories; or perhaps the workers will receive harsher punishment once they take too many sick leaves, thus they will be unable to take more sick leaves as a result. Another explanation is that the workers might be unwilling to be absent from work for certain reasons. Similarly, the fewer diagnosis of stress-related illness could also be explained by other reasons. It is possible that people in Leeville are not willing to visit doctors for these diseases, or maybe there are some differences in the diagnostic criteria of the disease in the two cities. If the criterion or definition of the disease is more rigorous in Leeville than in Masonton, then it is conceivable that the incidence of such disease in Masonton will be higher. In this case, the diagnosis of this illness could not accurately reflect the actual level of stress of residents, let alone their actual level health.Granted that Leeville residents are living healthier lives, physically and mentally, there are still many other factors, rather than the relaxed pace of life suggested by the Chamber, that could contribute to the situation. The myriad factors might include better environment and weather, healthier life style in Leeville, which will lead to good health condition and less illness. It is also possible that the working condition and work ethic in Leeville factories are better than those in Masonton, or Leeville has harmonious neighborhoods, which could explain the lower level of mental stress.As commonly known, a relaxed pa ce of life often promotes people’s health status, but we cannot conclude that the better health of Leeville residents is also the result of their pace of life. The Chamber should consider and rule out all other possibilities before we could be convinced that the relaxed lifestyle is the actual and only explanation for the health condition of Leeville residents.。

GRE ARGUMENT 1On the other hand, Ii n the follow-up study the版权声明: 文书的刊登已经过顾客的授权许可, 详情请参见我们的隐私条款, 如果您的文书在经过我们的修改润色后成功帮助您申请到心仪的学校, 您也可以选择将您的申请文书授权给我们, 我们将把您的文书加入到此栏目中, 和更多的同学一起分享. 同时我们对愿意提供给我们做范文的客户会有一定的回馈活动, 具体活动请联系客服详询, 更多修改范文, 欢迎随时来电来函咨询！say. To fix this problem, use clearer words and write more directly with as few words as possible to get your meaning across.I think you can add more to your last 2 paragraphs. The second to last paragraph is only2 sentences, and your argument isn’t really developed (see my comment on the side). If you cannot think of anything else to add, maybe you could delete this paragraph. Your last paragraph, the conclusion, could be improved by going over the rest of yourarguments and summarizing them. Keep the last 2 sentences, though, because they are good for ending.版权声明这篇范文的刊登已经过顾客的授权许可，Best Writing 拥有此篇范文的版权。