广州大学汉语综合2019年考研真题试题
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1996对外汉语教学理论和语言学试卷对外汉语教学理论一、填空(每空1分,共14分)(一)对外汉语教学的全部教学活动可概括为_总体设计_、_教材编写_、课堂教学_、 _语言测试__ 等四大环节。
(二)对外汉语语言要素的教学包括_语音__、 _词汇__、 _语法_、汉字等四个方面。
(三)作为一项处理教与学关系的教学原则,对外汉语教学应以学生为_中心__,以教师为__主导__。
(四)对外汉语教师对不同民族的文化应采取客观、尊重的态度。
(五)HSK的全称_汉语水平考试__,是为_母语非汉语的学习者制订的,其初、中等共分__八__级。
二、选择正确答案(填上标号,每空1分,共6分)(一)我国正式出版的第一部对外汉语教材是______。
A.《基础汉语课本》 B.《基础汉语》C.《汉语教科书》 D.《实用汉语课本》(二)外语教学听说法产生于______国,其语言学基础是______。
A.法国 B.美国 C.英国 D.加拿大E.结构主义语言学 F.转换生成语言学 G.历史比较语言学H.机械语言学(三)世界汉语教学学会的会刊是______,该刊物为______。
A.《汉语学习》 B.《世界汉语教学》 C.《语言教学与研究》D.《学汉语》E.月刊 F.双月刊 G.季刊 H.双季刊(四)学过800学时(在中国,相当于初等一年级)的零起点学生掌握的词汇量应约为______。
A.1000 B.1500 C.2000 D.3000三、解释术语(任选3题,每小题5分,共15分)(一)第二语言教学与对外汉语教学——第二语言教学通常指在学习者掌握第一语言之后,通过各种教学手段,从培养学生最基本的言语能力开始,使学习者在学校环境(即课堂)中有意识地掌握第二语言。
目的是使学生掌握语言交际工具,培养学生运用目的语进行交际的能力。
对外汉语教学是对外国人进行的汉语作为第二语言的教学。
(二)言语技能与言语交际技能——言语技能就是听、说、读、写的技能,听、说用于口头交际,读、写用于书面交际。
2022年广州大学汉语言文学专业《现代汉语》期末试卷A(有答案)一、填空题1、各种语言都会利用语音四要素中的______要素来区别语义。
2、汉语音节不能没有______,不能没有______,但可以没有______、韵头和______。
3、汉语最常见的构词方式是______。
4、意义实在,在合成词内位置不固定的成词语素和不成词语素叫作______。
5、在汉字标准化工作中,“四定”指的是______、______ ______、______。
6、書变书是的简化方式是______。
7、“独立语”可分为插入语、称呼语、感叹语和______。
8、从语法结构关系上讲,“吃面条”和“吃食堂”都是______结构,但从语义结构关系上讲,它们分别是______和______。
9、在现代汉语方言中,西安话属于______方言,广州话属于______方言。
10、“什么树开什么花,什么花结什么果。
”运用的修辞格是______。
二、判断题11、舌面声母不能跟合口呼韵母拼合。
()12、汉语音节可以没有辅音。
()13、“雨”和“瓜”都是象形字,“甘”和“明”是会意字。
( )14、《说文解字》最早采用部首给汉字归部,将汉字归为214部。
()15、“他盼望我们不断进步”不是双宾语句。
()16、“浪费了一个上午”和“忙了一个上午”都是动补短语。
()17、词典一般只能收录词,不收大于词的单位。
()18、2“猩猩”是单纯词,“哥哥”是合成词。
()19、“这种文章让人实在没有胃口再看下去”运用了比喻修辞格。
( )20、“巧云十五岁,长成了一朵花。
”这句话采用了借喻的修辞手法。
( )三、选择题21、下列汉字音节中,主要元音是舌面、前、半高、不圆唇元音的是()。
A.月B.对C.论D.界22、下列各组字中韵腹相同的是()。
A.问、军、肯、坤B.料、到、当、雅C.依、市、吉、迎D.桂、非、文、言23、下列句子中,不属于兼语句的是()。
A.我希望你去。
汉硕考研真题及答案解析汉硕考研是众多汉语言文学爱好者的梦想之一,而考试的难度和复杂性也让许多考生望而却步。
在备考阶段,除了充分掌握基础知识外,熟悉历年的真题也是非常关键的一步。
下面将对汉硕考研真题及答案进行解析,帮助考生更好地应对考试。
首先,我们来看看汉硕考研的写作题。
以2019年的真题为例,题目是“如何加强高校研究生的责任意识和创新能力”。
这是一个涉及到教育领域的论述题目,考生需要通过自己的思考和研究来展开论述。
对于这个题目,考生可以从以下几个方面展开论述,从而加强高校研究生的责任意识和创新能力。
第一,在课程设置方面,高校可以通过调整研究生的课程设置,将社会实践和创新实践融入到教学中。
这样一方面可以让研究生接触到真实的社会问题,培养他们解决问题的能力;另一方面也可以激发他们的创新思维和创新意识。
第二,高校可以通过开展各种科研活动和创新竞赛来培养研究生的责任意识和创新能力。
例如,组织学术研讨会、论文评比等活动,让研究生有机会向专家学者展示自己的研究成果,并接受专家的指导和评价。
同时,还可以组织创新创业大赛,鼓励研究生团队合作、创新思维和创新实践。
第三,高校可以通过导师引导和培养来加强研究生的责任意识和创新能力。
导师应该具备激情和责任感,积极引导研究生进行科研工作,并注重培养他们的创新思维和创新意识。
同时,导师还应该为研究生提供一个良好的学习和工作环境,鼓励他们勤奋学习、刻苦钻研。
通过以上几个方面的论述,考生可以全面地回答这个题目,并且结合自己的经验和观点来进行深入的思考和分析。
同时,在写作过程中,要注意语言表达的准确性和流畅性,避免出现语法错误和词汇不当的问题。
除了写作题,汉硕考研还有阅读理解、翻译等题型。
对于阅读理解题,考生需要通过阅读一篇文章,然后回答相关的问题。
在解答问题时,考生需要仔细理解文章的内容,抓住关键信息,并运用自己的逻辑思维和推理能力进行分析。
对于翻译题,考生需要根据给定的英文句子或段落,将其准确地翻译成中文。
2020年华南师大708汉语基础【现代汉语】75分一、操作分析题(共30 分)1. 分析下列声母或韵母的异同。
1)sh——r2)i——ü2. 指出下列词语的构词法(写出小类)。
1)介绍2)xx(主谓)3)改进4)司机5)宠儿6)椅子3. 用层次分析法分析下列句子。
国际音标是国际上通用的一套行之有效的记音符号4. 分层指出下列复句的类型。
(两句各有三层)1)……既……,又……,但……。
2)熊倪一定感到十分自豪,因为……,而且……,还夺得了世界奥运冠军。
5. 指出修辞手法。
1)“阿呀阿呀,真是愈有钱,便愈是一毫不肯放松,愈是一毫不肯放松,便愈有钱……”圆规一面愤愤不平地回转身,一面絮絮的说,慢慢地向外走,顺便将我母亲的一副手套塞在裤腰里,出去了。
2)处处干燥,处处烫手,处处憋闷。
整个老城像烧透了的砖窑,使人喘不过气来。
二、简答题(各6 分,共18 分)1.举例说明现代汉语语音/发声的特点。
2.举例说明词义发展与演变的情况。
/词义变化的途径3.举例说明修辞和语境的关系。
各三、论述题(各9 分,共27 分)1.儿化是不是一种单纯的语音现象?2.某考试中,要求写出“伟大”的反义词,一学生答“平凡”,被判为错误,所给标准答案是“渺小”。
请说说你的看法。
3.根据词性和句法成分的关系,指出现代汉语语法的一个重要特征。
2019年华南师大708汉语基础【现代汉语】75分一、分析操作题(36分)1.指出下列音节的错误并改正,说明理由。
zīng(精) jǚ(举) chuēn(春)2.指出下列词语的构词方法。
延长改革耳鸣健儿接轨椅子3.辨析词语。
(1)“持续”与“继续”(2)“突然”与“猛然”4.用层次分析法分析下列句子。
(1)老师希望小张参加普通话培训班。
(2)划分词类的目的是讲述词的用法。
5.指出下列句子的修辞手法(至少两种)。
(1)书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟。
(2)赚了又赚,角洋成了大洋,大洋成了叠…(3)缝啊缝,春风绕着针线荡漾,针线暖流……6.指出下列句子的复句类型。
2019年广州大学333教育学综合考研真题(回忆版)
2019年广州大学333教育学综合考研真题(回忆版)
一、名词解释(5分一题)
1、教育功能
2、程序性知识
3、内在动机和外在动机
4、定势和功能固着
二、辨析题(4题;判断+理由)
1、教育只要超越功能,不要保守功能。
2、课堂教学都是高目的性的行为,教师应该避免学生产生无意注意。
3、班级非正式一般具有消极作用,因此,在班级管理中要重点防范非正式组织的形成。
4、认知学习观强调强化与练习
三、简答题
1、教育的文化功能。
2、教师个人专业发展。
3、认知发展与学习的关系。
4、自我意识的特征。
四、论述题
1、马克思恩格斯关于人的全面发展学说的基本思想和内涵。
2、请结合具体的案例分析青少年人格形成和发展的因素以及如何培养。
⼴州⼤学现代汉语往届考试题⼴州⼤学现代汉语往届考试真题(⼀)⼀、单项选择题:(本⼤题共20⼩题,每⼩题1分,共20分)在每⼩题列出的四个选项中只有⼀个选项是符合题⽬要求的,请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。
1、客家⽅⾔的代表是()A、⼴州话B、梅县话C、建瓯话D、福州话2、下列四个普通话元⾳中,嘴唇的形状和其它元⾳不同的是()A、iB、eC、uD、a3、下列普通话声母中,发⾳⽅法完全相同的⼀组是()A、m——n——lB、zh——ch——shC、b——d——gD、j——q——x4、“翘⾆⾳”是指()A、⾆⾯⾳B、⾆跟⾳C、⾆尖前⾳D、⾆尖后⾳5、下列⼏组汉字中都是开⼝呼韵母的⼀组是()A、市、⽽、澳B、药、⽼、赵C、卡、元、内D、美、灭、我6、下列每个成语中都包含两个中响复韵母的⼀组是()。
A、精神抖擞、⾼潮迭起B、虚⽆飘渺、回味⽆穷C、巧夺天⼯、随机应变D、洋相百出、⼩鸟依⼈7、汉语拼⾳的⾳节中,韵头都由()充当A、单元⾳B、a、o、eC、o、i、uD、i、u、ü8、调类依次是去声、上声、阳平、阴平的是()A、千⾔万语B、袖⼿旁观C、五光⼗⾊D、花红柳绿9、两个上声连读时,前⼀个上声要读为()A、近于阳平B、半上C、还是上声D、阴平10、下列汉字中,不是合体字的是()A、秉B、串C、⾚D、重11、下列关于汉字的说法中不正确的⼀项是()A、汉字基本上是⼀种表意的⽂字B、每个汉字都代表了⼀个语素C、汉字中⼀个⾳节对应两个汉字的只限于⼉化⾳节D、汉字不实⾏分词连写12、下列汉字都是象形字的有()A、鱼、灭、⽺B、⼿、马、⽴C、⼤、⽢、⽿D、苗、寒、⽊13、下列成语中,没有错别字的⼀组是()A、妄费⼼机、踌躇满志B、相形见拙、狐假虎威C、为虎作伥、铤⽽⾛险D、⾛头⽆路、异想天开14、下列语素中是成词语素但不是⾃由语素的是()A、我B、美C、呢D、祖15、下列词中,不是单纯词的是()A、窈窕B、逍遥C、踌躇D、想象16、“酸溜溜”是()A、词组B、派⽣词C、偏正式复合词D、补充式复合词17、下列成语的构造与众不同的⼀个是()A、⽼奸巨猾B、喜怒哀乐C、颠沛流离D、魑魅魍魉18、“猛兽”和“⽼虎”两个词属于()A、上下位词B、类义词C、关系词D、语义场19、“脑袋”和“头颅”之间的差异是()A、感情⾊彩B、语体⾊彩C、语义轻重D、范围⼤⼩20、《现代汉语词典》解释“⿐烟”是“由⿐孔吸⼊的粉末状的烟”,这是释义法中的()A、定义释义法B、互训释义法C、描写释义法D、概括释义法⼆、多项选择题:(本⼤题共5⼩题,每⼩题2分,共10分)在每⼩题列出的五个选项中有⼆⾄四个选项是符合题⽬要求的,请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。
2019广州大学考研619汉语综合考试与827阅读与写作复习全析(含真题)《2019广州大学考研619汉语综合考试复习全析(含历年真题,共三册)》由鸿知广大考研网依托多年丰富的教学与辅导经验,组织官方教学研发团队与广州大学优秀研究生共同合作编写而成。
全书内容紧凑权威细致,编排结构科学合理,为参加2019广州大学考研的考生量身定做的必备专业课资料。
《2019广州大学考研619汉语综合考试复习全析(含历年真题)》全书编排根据广州大学考研参考书目:1.《语言学纲要》,叶蜚声、徐通锵,北京大学。
2、《现代汉语》(增订版),黄伯荣、廖序东主编,高等教育出版社。
3、《古代汉语》,王力主编,中华书局。
结合提供的往年广大考研真题内容,帮助报考广州大学考研的同学通过广大教材章节框架分解、配套的课后/经典习题讲解及相关985、211名校考研真题与解答,帮助考生梳理指定教材的各章节内容,深入理解核心重难点知识,把握考试要求与考题命题特征。
通过研读演练本书,达到把握教材重点知识点、适应多样化的专业课考研命题方式、提高备考针对性、提升复习效率与答题技巧的目的。
同时,透过测试演练,以便查缺补漏,为初试高分奠定坚实基础。
适用院系:人文学院:语言学及应用语言学、汉语言文字学资料选购适用科目:619汉语综合考试(自命题)本书包括以下几个部分内容:Part 1 - 考试重难点与笔记:通过总结和梳理《现代汉语》(黄伯荣增订五版)、《古代汉语》(王力校订重排本)、《语言学纲要》(叶蜚声、徐通锵北大修订版)各章节复习和考试的重难点,建构教材宏观思维及核心知识框架,浓缩精华内容,令考生对各章节内容考察情况一目了然,从而明确复习方向,提高复习效率。
该部分通过归纳各章节要点及复习注意事项,令考生提前预知章节内容,并指导考生把握各章节复习的侧重点。
Part 2 - 教材配套课后/经典习题与解答针对教材《现代汉语》(黄伯荣增订五版)经典课后习题配备详细解读,以供考生加深对教材基本知识点的理解掌握,做到对广大考研核心考点及参考书目内在重难点内容的深度领会与运用。
2019年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题A卷********************************************************************************************学科、专业名称:全日制汉语国际教育硕士专业学位研究生研究方向:汉语国际教育考试科目名称:汉语基础(354)考生注意:所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上,写在本试题上一律不给分。
一.汉语语言学基础知识(70分)(一)填空题(共15分。
语音2分、语法4分、汉字3分、古汉语3分、修辞3分)根据下面这段话按要求填空。
1、语音填空:选出其中的入声字填入空中(每空1分,共2分)。
2、语法填空题:分别选出其中的主谓、动宾、动补、偏正结构的短语填入空中(每空1分,共4分)。
3、汉字填空题。
选出其中的会意字填入空中(每空1分,共3分)。
4、古汉语填空题。
将将方框里的词的本义填入空中(每空1分,共3分)。
5、修辞填空题:将下划波浪线句子所用的辞格填入空中(共3分)。
盼望着,盼望着,东风来了,春天的脚步近了。
一切都像刚睡醒的样子,欣欣然张开了眼。
山朗润起来了,水涨起来了,太阳的脸红起来了。
(1)语音填空:()()。
(2)语法结构填空:主谓()、动宾()、动补()、偏正()。
(3)汉字填空:(、、)。
(4)古汉语填空:(张:)(起:)(朗:)。
(5)修辞填空:()。
(二)判断题(共5分。
语法1分、词汇1分、修辞1分、语言学概论2分)根据下面这段话按要求判断(对的打√错的打×)。
1、语法判断:(每小题1分,共1分)。
2、词汇判断:(每小题1分,共1分)。
3、修辞判断:(每小题1分,共1分)。
4、语言学概论题:(共4项选择,选答2项,共2分)。
哦,我才醒了。
看看那块席子,我已经走出六七尺远。
母亲把我拉回来,劝了一会儿,我才睡熟了。
我是多么想念我的蔡老师啊!至今回想起来,我还觉得这是我记忆中的珍宝之一。
2019年广东广州大学综合英语考研真题第一篇:Flats were almost unknown in Britain until the 1850s when they were developed, along with other industrial dwellings, for the laboring classes. These vast blocks were plainly a convenient means of easing social conscience by housing large numbers of the ever-present poor on compact city sites. During the 1880s, however, the idea of living in comfortable residential chambers caught on with the affluent upper and upper-middle classes, and controversy as to the advantages and disadvantages of flat life was a topic of conversation around many a respectable dinner-table. In Paris and other major European cities, the custom whereby the better-off lived in apartments, or fiats, was well established. Up to the late nineteenth century in England only bachelor barristers had established the tradition of living in rooms near the Law Court: any self-respecting head of household would insist upon a West End town house as his London home, the best that his means could provide.The popularity of flats for the better-off seems to have developed for a number of reasons. One is the introduction of the railways, which had enabled a wide range of people to enjoy a holiday staying in a suite at one of the luxury hotels which had begun to spring up during the previous decade. Hence, there is no doubt that many of the early luxury fiats were similar to hotel suites, even being provided with communal dining-rooms and central boilers for hot water and heating. Rents tended to be high to cover overheads, but savings were made possible by these communal amenities and by tenants being able to reduce the number of family servants.One of the earliest substantial London developments of flats for the well-to-do was begun soon after Victoria Railway Station was opened in 1860, as the train service provided an efficient link with both the City and the South of England. Victoria Street, adjacent to both the Station and Westminster, had already been formed, and under the direction of the architect, Henry Ashton, was being lined, with blocks of residential chambers in the Parisian manner. These fiats were commodious indeed, offering between eight and fifteen rooms apiece, including appropriate domestic offices. The idea was an emphatic departure from the tradition of the London house and achieved immediate Success.Perhaps the most notable block in the vicinity was Queen Anne's Mansions, partly designed by E.R. Robson in 1884 and recently demolished. For many years, this was London's loftiest building and had strong claims to be the ugliest. The block modeled on the American skyscraper, and was nearly 200 feet high. The cliff-like walls of dingy brick completely overshadowed the modest thoroughfare nearby. Although bleak outside, the mansion fiats were palatial within, with sumptuously furnished communal entertaining and dining rooms, and lifts to the uppermost floors.The success of these tall blocks of flats could not have been achieved, of course, without the invention of the lift, or 'ascending carriage' as it was called when first used in the Strand LawCourts in the 1870s.1、Flats first appeared in Britain in the middle of the 19th century whenA. they were principally built for those families with several servants.B. people were not conscious of the crowded housing of the less well-to-do.C. there was increasing concern over accommodation for the poor.D. people became conscious of the social needs of the rural population.2、English upper-middle-class families preferred toA. live mainly outside London, where it was healthier and cheaper.B. live in the West End.C. live near their working place.D. live in London, but mainly not in the West End.3、One effect of the railways' coming to central London was to stimulate the building ofA. large and well-appointed hotels.B. blocks of self-contained fiats.C. rows of elegant town houses.D. fiats similar to hotel suites.4、The immediate success of the flats in Victoria Street could be attributed toA. the unusual number of rooms each fiat contained.B. their revolutionary style of architecture.C. the ease with which they could be used as offices.D. their French style of architecture.5、Which of the following is true about the interior and exterior of Queen Anne's Mansions?A. They were elegantly decorated both inside and outside.B. They were grim from the outside and had a modest decor inside.C. They were flashy from the street but nondescript inside.D. They were plain outside but with lavish interior.第二篇:As a firefighter, I have seen many people die in hotel fires. Most could have saved themselves if they had been prepared. Contrary to what you have seen in the movies, fire is not likely to chase you down and burn you to death. It’s the by-products of fire-smoke and panic- that are almost always the causes of death.For example, a man wakes up at 2:30 am due to the smell of smoke. He pulls on his pants and runs into the hallway-to be greeted by heavy smoke. He has no idea where the exit is, so he runs first to the right. No exit. Where is it? Panic sets in. He’s coughing and gagging now; his eyes hurt. He can t see his way back to his room. His chest hurt; he needs oxygen desperately. He rims in the other direction, completely disoriented. At 2:50 am we find him dead of smoke inhalation.Smoke, because it is warmer than air, will start accumulating at the ceiling and works its way down. The fresh air you should breathe is near the floor. What’s more, smoke is extremely irritating to the eyes. Your eyes will take only so much irritation, then they will close and you won t be able to open them.Your other enemy, panic, can make you do things that could kill you. The man in the foregoing example would not have died if he had known what to do. Had he found out beforehand where the exit was four doors down on the left-he could have gotten down on his hands and knees close to the floor, where the air is fresher. Then, even if he couldn't keep his eyes open, he could have felt the wall as he crawled, counting doors.1. The major point discussed in the passage is ( )A. a firefighter's jobВ. How to cope with fireC. the danger of fireD. the real cause of death in fire.2. Which of the following persons would most likely die in hotel fires?( )A. Those who get down on their hands and knees close to the door.B. Those who leave the hotel at the first sign of smoke.C. Those who look before they leap out of a low window.D. Those who don t know where the exits are.3. The man who died of smoke inhalation is an example given by the author to show( )A. the disastrous consequence of panic and smokeB. the importance of precaution against fireC. the disastrous consequence of a big hotel fireD. the importance of being well-prepared in your room4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?( )A. Fire is unlikely to turn you to death directly.B. Smoke and panic are almost always the causes of death.C. You should keep calm in the hotel fire.D. Movies show the right rules for surviving hotel fires.5. The word "disoriented”(Para.2) means ( )A. losing all sense of directionB. losing all strength against fireС. unable to see the wayD. mortally afraid第三篇:War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innatesurvival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that allows animals to defendthemselves from threats to their existences of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function. It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical patterns within which human violence has been directed.The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection.The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combating to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments.31. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that __.A) it threatens the existing social systemsB) it is influenced by societyC) it has roots in religious conflictsD) it is directed against institutions of law32. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is __.A) to control violence within a societyB) to protect the world from chaosC) to free society from the idea of revengeD) to give the government absolute power33. What does the author mean by saying “in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused”A) Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence.B) Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis.C) Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge.D) Punishment is not carried out directly by the individuals involved.34. The word “allegiance”is closest in meaning to __.A) loyaltyB) objectiveC) survivalD) motive35. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A) Governments tend to abuse their supreme power in times of war.B) In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders.C) In times of war governments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people.D) Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war.四、段落翻译出自赛缪尔·斯迈尔斯的《以书为友》,以下是原文。
2019年广东暨南大学汉语国际教育基础考研真题一、文学及文化部分基础知识(50分)(一)填空题(13小题,每题1分,共13分)1.《孟子》《庄子》《韩非子》《战国策》都善于用的形式说明道理。
2.谢灵运的诗歌,扭转了当时的玄言诗风,开创了文学史上的派。
3.“清水出芙蓉,天然去雕饰”是对韦良宰文章的评价,后人常以此形容其诗歌语言艺术。
4.“原来姹紫嫣红开遍,似这般都付与断井颓垣,良辰美景奈何天,赏心乐事谁家院……”,这脍炙人口的曲子,出自汤显祖《》。
5.《三国演义》塑造了一批具有的艺术典型,如曹操、刘备、诸葛亮。
6.“伤痕小说”因卢新华的《伤痕》而得名,而最早的“伤痕小说”是的《班主任》。
7.“蒸不烂、煮不熟、捶不扁、炒不爆、响当当一粒铜豌豆”,形容的是田汉《》话剧中的主人公。
8.《等待戈多》是爱尔兰作家贝克特的代表作,它是派戏剧的经典作品,表现了“什么也没有发生,谁也没有来,谁也没有去”的悲剧。
9.苏格拉底在批判智者学派的相对主义时,提出了“即知识”的。
10.莫里哀在他的喜剧里塑造了达尔杜弗这个典型形象。
11.今文经是对汉代师生口耳相传,并最终用通行字体写定的儒家经典的总称。
12.《儒林外史》描写的“范进中举”,所说的考试是。
13.儒家提出的实践途径是“格物—致知—诚意—正心—修身—齐家—治国—平天下”,此出自《》。
(二)术语解释题(4小题,每题5分,共20分)1.建安文学2.新月派3.多余人形象4.低语境文化(三)简答题(2小题,共17分)1.苏轼词在词史上的贡献(9分)。
2.谈谈你对“君子和而不同,小人同而不和”的理解。
(8分)二、教育学、心理学基础知识(30分)(一)选择题(6小题,每小题1分,共6分)1.小明一边听老师讲一边做笔记,这反映了注意的哪种特征?()A.注意的广度B.注意的稳定性C.注意的分配D.注意的转移2.“微风过处,送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”,从心理学的角度看,这反映了感觉的什么规律?()A.适应B.对比C.融合D.联觉3.学生想参加汉语桥大赛,但又怕比赛占用学习时间影响成绩,请问这是什么冲突?()A.双趋冲突B.双避冲突C.趋避冲突D.多重冲突4.以下哪一项不是教育学的学科特征?()A.系统性B.理论性C.实践性D.艺术性5.为了了解留学生已有的汉语基础,对其进行摸底考试,这属于何种形式的教学评价?()A.总结性评价B.诊断性评价C.形成性评价D.差异性评价6.学校的中心工作是什么?()A.教育B.教学C.学生发展D.教师发展(二)填空题(4小题,每小题1分,共4分)1.分别用宋体、楷体或草体书写汉字“华”,都会被人们认作“华”字,这是知觉的。
2019年广东暨南大学汉语基础A卷考研真题 一、简答题 1、语音简答题填上下面表格,简述汉语普通话的“声韵拼合规律”。
2、词汇简答题 分析诠释“光”与“无边无际”词义的方法和适用范围。
(1)光:通常指照耀在物体上使人能看见物体的那种物质。
(2)无边无际:无:没有。
边:界限;边缘。
际:靠边的或分界的地方。
无边无际指范围极为广阔,看不见边际。
3、语法简答题 简述汉语的“配价理论”并分析以下句子。
a.小王休息了。
b.小王吃饺子。
c.小王借小李一本书。
4、修辞简答题 从修辞的角度,分析以下两个句子的异同。
a.我们又涨工资了。
b.公司又来了几个新手。
5、语言学概论简答题 (1)形象地说,语音是语言的物质外壳;词汇是语言的建筑材料;语法是语言的建筑结构。
文字是记录语言的符号系统。
(2)就具体语言表达而言 (a)语义有决定性; (b)句法有强制性; (c)语用有选择性; (d)认知有解释性。
从这两个方面分析以下语句: a.五百里滇池奔来眼底,披襟岸帻,喜茫茫空阔无边。
b.数千年往事注到心头,把酒凌虚,叹滚滚英雄谁在? 二、请为下面的诗句标注国际音标。
(共10分) 野旷天低树,江清月近人。
三、请将下列以“女”为偏旁部首的字进行意义归类。
妻、姑、姐;奴、婢、媒;姜、姬、赢;嫁、娶、娩;姣、妩、媚;奸、嫉、妒 四、请归纳出下面各句中“就”的词性及其意义。
1、他们在楼上就了座。
2、马上就到了。
3、就你一个人啊? 4、你就送来,我也不要! 5、就这个问题,大家谈谈自己的看法。
五、请将下列文言文翻译成现代汉语。
告子曰:“性猶湍水也,決諸東方則東流,決諸西方則西流。
人性之無分於善不善也,猶水之無分於東西也。
”孟子曰:“水信無分於東西,無分於上下乎?人性之善也,猶水之就下也。
人無有不善,水無有不下。
今夫水,搏而躍之,可使過顙;激而行之,可使在山。
是豈水之性哉?其勢則然也。
(《孟子·告子上》) 六、语音分析题 1、试分析下面这些句子有没有差别?如果有,差别在哪儿?你认为该怎么读这些句子?并通过这些例子概括语调的功能。