练习4：虚拟语气强化练习题
Part I. Multiple Choice
1. ______ go downtown this afternoon, please post the letter for me.
A. Had you
B. Were you to
C. If you did
D. Shall you
句意：如果你下午要去市中心，请帮我寄一下这封信。
解析：这是省略了if的条件句，完整的从句为If you were to go downtown this afternoon，从句是针对将来的虚拟语气，用于表示礼貌客气的态度。
2. You didn’t let me drive. If we ______ in turn, you ______ so tired.
A. drove, didn’t get
B. were driving, wouldn’t get
C. drove, wouldn’t get
D. had driven, wouldn’t have got
句意：你不让我开车。如果我们轮流开车，你就不会这么累了。
解析：这是针对已经发生了的事情的假设，开车是过去的事情了，因此从句中用过去完成时表示虚拟，主句中用would+have done的形式表示虚拟。
3. If it ______ for the snow, we _______ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not, could have climbed
B. were not, could climb
C. hadn’t been, could have climbed
D. hadn’t been, could climb
句意：如果不是因为那场雪，我们昨天本可以爬山的。
解析：这是针对已经发生了的事情的假设，下雪及爬山说的都是之前的事情，因此从句中用过去完成时表示虚拟，主句中用could+have done的形式表示虚拟。注意：此句中涉及一个it的句型。It is for …一般用于引起原因，If it isn’t for …，意为“要不是因为……”。此句中用了该句型的虚拟语气形式。
4. The new airport _______ if they had not stopped working on it.
A. would complete
B. had been completed
C. had completed
D. would have been completed
句意：如果他们没有停止建设，新机场早就建成了。
解析：这是针对已经发生了的事情的假设，因此从句中用过去完成时表示虚拟，主句中用would+have done的形式表示虚拟。新机场是被建成，这里有一个完成加被动。
5. If he _______ his do
A. had taken, might still have been
C. might have taken; had still been
D. took; might still be
句意：如果他听了医生的建议，他现在可能还活着。
解析：这是错综时间条件句，从句说的是过去听医生的建议，主句说的是现在的情况。因此从句中用过去完成时表示对过去事情的假设，主句中用“情态助动词might+动词原形”的形式表示对现在情况的假设。
A. were; would have let
C. had been; had let
D. were; had let
句意：如果你是健康的，昨天我就会让你去旅行了。
解析：这是针对已经发生了的事情的假设，健康状态及旅行说的都是昨天的事，因此从句中用过去完成时表示假设，主句中用would+have done的形式表示假设。
7. I lost your address, otherwise (or) I _________ you long before.
A. had visited
B. have visited
C. would have visited
D. should visit
句意：我弄丢了你的地址，否则我早就去看你了。
解析：otherwise后面的句子是针对已经发生了的事情的假设。因此用would+have done的形式表示本想做但是没有做。
8. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _______ the rules.
A. obeys
B. obey
C. will obey
D. would obey
句意：门口的保安坚持要求每个人都遵守规则。
解析：这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。insist在句中意为“坚持要求”，其后的that从句中用动词原形，表示这是主观意愿。
9. The boss insisted that John ________ unfit for his work.
A. was
B. is
C. should be
D. were
句意：老板坚持认为John不称职。
解析：该句中没有虚拟语气，是直陈句，从句时态与主句时态应一致，都为一般过去时。句中的insist意为“坚持认为、坚持说”，是坚持自己的看法，而不是坚持要求别人要做什么的意思，因此表达的不是主观意愿，不用虚拟语气。
10. The officer commanded (ordered) the damaged bridge ____ before dawn.
A. must be repaired
B. would be repaired
C. be repaired
D. should have been repaired
句意：长官命令在天亮前修好损毁的桥梁。
解析：这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。Command/order后的that从句中用动词原形表示主观意愿。
11. He suggested (advised, proposed) that the wounded _______ to the hospital as
soon as possible.
A. had been sent
B. should have been sent
C. would be sent
D. (should) be sent
句意：他建议尽快把伤员送到医院。
解析：这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。Suggest/advise/propose后的that从句中用动词原形表示主观意愿。
12. He came home with a smile on his face, which suggested that he __ work.
A. should find
B. had lost
C. should have found
D. had found
句意：他回家时面带微笑，这意味着他找到了工作。
解析：该句中没有虚拟语气，从句的时态与整个句子的时态保持一致。句子是一般过去时，而找到工作是在回家之前发生的，所以要用过去完成时。该句中的suggest意为“表明、意味着、暗示”，不表示“建议”，因此不用虚拟语气。
13. Most of the members demanded (requested, required, asked) that the meeting
________ till after Friday.
A. shouldn’t put off
B. not be put off
C. wouldn’t be put off
D. not put off 句意：大部分成员要求会议不要推迟到周五以后。
解析：这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。Demand等词后的that从句中用动词原形表示主观意愿。这里相当于是should not be put off，省略了should。
14. I wish I ________ how to translate this sentence.
A. knew
B. know
C. have known
D. should know
句意：我希望我知道如何翻译这个句子。
