英语时态总结(完整版)
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英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。) 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。
(1)一般现在时
基本形式(以do为例):
第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数);
肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他;
He worksforus.
否定句:主语+don‘t/doesn't+动词原形+其他;
He doesn'tworkfor us.
一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他。
肯定回答:Yes,(+主语+do/does).
否定回答:No,(+主语+don't/doesn't.)
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语
Does he work for us?
Yes, he does.
No,he doesn't
What does he do forus?
Heworks for us.
(2)一般过去时
be动词+行为动词的过去式
否定句式:在行为动词前加didn‘t,同时还原行为动词,或was/were+not;
was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词
例如:Did heworkfor us?
He didn'twork for us.
He worked for us.
(3)一般将来时
am/are/is+going to+do或
will/shall+do
am/is/are/about to+do
am/is/are to +do;
一般将来时的表达方法
begoingto +动词原形
be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to+动词原形
be able to +不定式
be about to+动词原形
will+动词原形;
例如:He is going to workforus.
He will work forus;
He iscoming.这是特殊的用一般现在时表达将来时态的例子!!(4)过去将来时
be(was,were)going to+动词原形
be(was,were)aboutto+动词原形
be(was,were)to+动词原形
肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~.
否定句:主语+be(was,were)notgoingto+动词原形~.
疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?
肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.
否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~.
疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~?
He would work for us.
(5)现在进行时
主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词)
表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。
例如:I am buying a book.
第一人称+am+doing+sth
第二人称+are+doing+sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式)
第三人称+is+doing+sth
例:He is working.
(6)过去进行时
肯定句:主语+was/were+doing+其它
否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑问句及答语:Was/Were+主语+doing+其它;答语:Yes,I主语+was/ were./No,I主语+wasn't/weren't.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它
He was working when he was alive.
(7)将来进行时
主语+will+be +现在分词
Hewill beworking for us.=He will work for us.
(8)过去将来进行时
should(would)+be+现在分词
He saidthathe would beworking for us.=Hesaid that he wouldworkfor us.
(9)现在完成时
基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他\
Hehasworked for us forten years.
Has heworked for us for tenyears.
(10)过去完成时
基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)
①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他
②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主语+had
否定回答:No,主语+hadn't
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)
语法判定:
( 1 )by+ 过去的时间点。如:
I had finishedreadingthe novelby nine o'clock last ni ght.
(2) by the endof+过去的时间点。如:
We had learnt over two thousand Englishwordsby the end oflast term.
( 3 )before +过去的时间点。如:
They had plantedsixhundredtrees beforelastWednesday.
(11)将来完成时
(shall)will+have+动词过去分词
before+将来时间或by+将来时间
before或by the time引导的现在时的从句