Unit 11 文化与汉英翻译

Eat, have fun and learn in Watertown !Watertown is a great place for the family to take a vacation. Teenagers will want to visit the world’s largest water slides and eat at Uncle Bob’s. A different rock band plays at Uncle Bob’s every night. Kids will enjoy the Clown City Café. They have organized games and the staff dress up as clowns.There’s also a lot for parents in Watertown. If they love good food, they can find it at the Farmer’s Market where the food is both delicious and cheap. While the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach. And everyone can learn something in Watertown. There are three museums! Teenagers love the Sports Museum and kids enjoy the Science Museum. Parents will spend many happy hours walking through the History Museum.在水城、玩、学习水城是一家人度假的好去处。

青少年会想去世界上最大的水滑道和去鲍勃大叔的餐厅吃饭。

Unit11 How was your school trip?1.fed chickensfed 为feed的过去式译为：饲养、喂养用法：feed...on... 用...喂养...feed...to...把...喂给...feed on ...(动物)以...为主食Eg：I sometimes feed the carrot to the rabbit.She feeds the dog on meat.The horse feeds on grass.2.I saw quite a lot.a lot:许多，大量（此处作宾语）还可作表语Eg：There is a lot to do.辨析：a lot,a lot of, lots ofa lot of：许多；大量=lots of (后接可数名词复数/不可数名词) 辨析：quite &veryquite：(adv)十分，非常（修饰adj/adv）very:(adv)很，非常语气较quite重（修饰adj/adv）注意：quite &very与不定冠词连用时的位置不同：a+very+adj+n quite+a(n)+adj+nEg:a very handsome boy quite a handsome boya very interesting story quite an interesting storyEg:She sings quite well. He is quite a kind boy.This kind of fruit is very healthy. Thank you very much.3.Did you learn anything?辨析：anything&somethinganything:(不定代词)任何事物；某事物(常用于否定句/疑问句中) something:(不定代词)某事(常用于肯定句中) 但是在表示请求、建议、或征求意见的疑问句中常用something注意：(1)adj修饰不定代词，要位于其后(2)不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式(3)补充其他不定代词some any no every/body thing oneEg:There isn’t anything wrong.There is something wrong with my puter.4.The farmer showed Carol around the farm.farmer:(n)农民farm:(n)农场；(v)干农活farming:(不可数n)农事Eg:The farmers are working on the farm,and there is too much farming.show sb.around...带某人到处参观...Eg:The guide shows us around the museum.与show相关的短语：show sb.sth=show sth.to sb.给...看展示on show 展览show off 炫耀show up出现5.The farmers don’t grow apples.grow:(vt)种植；栽培(vi)生长；发育Eg:Farmers in the south of China mainly grow rice.Everything begins to grow in spring.短语：grow up成长，长大grow into成长为；发展成（由一种情况变成另外一种情况）Eg:I want to be a guide when I grow up.She grows into a lovely girl.辨析：grow&plantgrow: 种植（强调过程/状态）plant：(v)种植（仅表示栽入土中，表示动作）(n)植物Eg:The farmers grow a lot of trees every year.The farmers plant lots of trees every year.There are many different plants in the garden.6....we worried it would rain.worry:(vt)担心；担忧后常接宾语从句Eg:His parents worry that their child will sick.(vt)使担心;使发愁(常接sb.作宾语)Eg:The naughty boy worries his parents.worry about sb./sth.=be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事Eg:Don’t worry about me ./Don’t be worried about me.7.Luckily,it didn’t,and the sun came out again.(1)luckily(adv)幸运地常用于句首，用逗号隔开unluckily不幸地unfortunately fortunate(adj)幸运的fortunately(adv)幸运地以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词变成副词的方法：改y为i再加ly Eg:happy lucky busy angry easy(2)sun moon earth star 都是世界上独一无二的事物，前面必须加the(3)e out出来；发芽；开花；出版与e相关的短语：e from来自 e on加油；快点 e back 回来e down 下来 e in 进来 e up with 提出；想出；赶上e across遇到8.expensive/cheapexpensive/cheap只能形容事物的贵贱；当谈论价格(price)时，只能用high/lowEg：The pen is cheap.=The price of the pen is low.9.All in all,it was an exciting day.all in all:总的来说;总之in a word:简言之in short:总之Eg：All in all, it’s good for you to do more exercise.辨析：all in all, in all,at allall in all:总的来说（常用于句首）eg:All in all, we had a good time. in all：总共；合计（句首/句末）eg:There are fifty students in all.at all:根本常用于“not at all”根本不Eg:He doesn’t like apples at all.与all相关的短语：all the time 一直after all 毕竟10.I didn’t like the trip at all.Not at all 用于回答感谢/道歉Eg:Thank you very much.Not at all.其它的回答：It’s my pleasure. It’s a pleasure. No problem.You’re wele. That’s all right. That’s OK.一般过去时态含义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

参考译文关于幸福的新科学[1]在心理学的大部分发展历程中，它侧重的是所有令人烦心的状态，如焦虑、抑郁、神经官能症、强迫症、妄想症和幻想症。

但在过去的几十年，有些心理学研究人员将研究的重点从如何治愈精神疾病转向研究使人快乐的因素。

宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁•塞林格曼想研究令人感到有成就感、感到人生快乐而有意义的要素。

他推论，心理健康不仅是指没有心理疾病，而是指全身心的健康。

什么令我们幸福？[2]那么，科学对人类快乐之源有什么发现呢？事实上，科学研究所发现的使人幸福的因素远远超过了人们的想象，此外研究还发现了一些不能让我们内心快乐的令人吃惊的因素。

例如，财富，还有那些可以用金钱换来的令我们高兴的东西。

除其它研究外，迪纳的研究表明，一旦人的基本生活需求得到满足以后，更多的收入不太可能增加生活的满足感。

你的教育背景、青春、婚姻和美好岁月对增加生活的满足感的作用也不大。

[3]尽管很难辨明究竟是上帝还是宗教团体所起的作用，但从积极的层面上讲，宗教信仰似乎真的能使人精神振奋。

朋友能让我们快乐吗？的确如此。

伊利诺斯大学的迪纳和塞林格曼在2002年的一项研究发现，在快乐水平等级最高而且抑郁症状表现最少的学生中，百分之十的学生共有的明显特征是他们和亲朋好友间保持着亲密的关系，而且经常一起共度时光。

迪纳总结到“我们需要告诉人们，加强社交技能和人际之间的紧密关系以及学会寻求他人的支持和帮助很重要，因为这些事情可以让人感到幸福。

”体察心境[4]诚然，幸福感并非处于静止状态。

即使是最快乐的人——幸福感在前百分之十的人——有时也会感到沮丧，而心情最郁闷的人也会有快乐的时光。

同时，幸福具有内在主观性。

这两个事实向那些试图测评幸福感的社会科学家们提出了挑战。

为了应对挑战，研究人员设计了几种评估幸福感的方法。

迪纳设计出一种最基本，也是运用最广的一种测试方案，即“对人生满意度”量表。

尽管有些学者对于这种简单的、含五个问题的调查表的效用提出疑问，但迪纳发现他的测试和其他种类的快乐程度测试法结果是相当契合的，例如亲朋好友的印象，积极情感的表达以及抑郁状况的较少出现。

Unit Eleven Catering CultureText Passage One汉译英：1．我国悠久的历史、广褒的国土、与世界各国和海外文化的广泛接触，孕育了中餐烹饪的独特艺术。

China’s long history, vast territory and extensive contact with other nations and cultures have given birth to the distinctive Chinese culinary art.2. 中国有一句古话至今还广为流传，叫做“民以食为天”。

An ancient Chinese saying, still popular today, goes, “Food is the paramount necessity of the people.”3. 几千年的推陈出新和不断累积，使中餐受到越来越多的海外人士的青睐，成了我国对外文化交流的一个友好使者。

With several thousand years of creative and accumulative efforts, the Chinese cuisine has become increasingly popular among more and more overseas gourmets, virtually functioning as an envoy of friendship in China’s cultural exchanges with foreign countries.4. 现代中国已享有“烹饪王国”之美誉，精致的烹调艺术盛行全球，中餐烹饪已名列世界顶尖菜系之林。

无容置疑，中餐烹饪已经名列世界顶尖菜系之林。

Modern China enjoys a worldwide reputation as the “kingdom of cuisine”. The exquisite Chinese culinary art, regarded indisputably as one of the world’s finest culinary traditions, has prevailed all over the world.5. 中餐烹调所用的天然配料，品种繁多，几无穷尽；烹调方法，亦层出不穷，不可悉数。

中国传统文化翻译一、儒家思想由孔子在春秋时期创立，并迅速成为中国文化的核心内容之一。

儒家重视道德和人与人之间的关系，着力关注人类社会的秩序的和谐安定：对于虚无缥缈的神灵(illusory divine)世界，尽量采取回避的态度，或按照自己的观念加以改造而得到强化。

儒学对中国文化产生了巨大的影响，其价值观念渗透在中国人民的生活、思想和习俗中。

1. Confucius established the Confucian school of thought during the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucianism quickly became one of the pillars of Chinese Culture.Confucian philosophy attaches great importance to ethics and interpersonal relationships and is concerned about the harmony and stability of the order of human society. It adopts the attitude of trying as much as possible to evade the illusory divine world or intensifying the concept through the transformation of divine world according to one’s own ideology. Confucianism has had a great influence on Chinese culture with its values permeating the life, thinking and customs of the Chinese people.二、要顺应人民群众对美好生活环境的期待，大力加强生态文明建设和环境保护。

道教文化与汉英翻译Taoist Culture and C-E Translation▪道教文化背景知识Taoist Culture道家Philosophical Taoism道敎Religious Taoism起源：OriginTaoist organizations:张道陵Zhang Daoling 五斗米道西晋Taoist doctrines:老子李耳Laozi 唐高祖李渊Tang Dynasty老子Laozi▪老子Laozi, honorific title老“venerable”, “old”子“master”, honorific suffix李耳Li Er, 字伯阳Boyang (courtesy name)▪道家学派始祖founder of philosophical Taoism▪《道德经》Tao Te Ching▪宇宙哲学Chinese cosmogony▪信仰：Beliefs▪Tao “way”, “path”▪無為Wu wei “without action”无为而治，不言之教Hayek：spontaneous orderJames Dorn: minimizing the role of government and letting individuals develop spontaneously would best achieve social and economic harmony.▪三宝▪慈compassion俭moderation (Thrift)不敢为天下先humility▪朴simplicity, the primordial state of tao▪去甚，去奢，去泰Discarding extremes, extravagance and excess▪少私寡欲wipe out selfish desires▪清静恬淡live a quiet life/ quiet world▪知足常乐the attitude of contentment on what one owns道教经典英译▪道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。

Exercise I. Translate the following sentences into English.1.如今，作为东方艺术的一颗璀璨的明珠，京剧不仅在中国各地喜闻乐见，而且已被全世界人民广泛接受。

2.根据所表演角色的性别、年龄和社会地位的不同，演员角色分成四类：生（男角）、旦（女角）、净（花脸男角）、丑（丑角）。

3.京剧的独特艺术魅力使它经久不衰：它创造了一种台上台下演员观众相互交融的美学欣赏与享受。

4.梅兰芳曾成功地塑造了许多古代中国妇女的形象，完美地表现了她们的温柔、优雅和细腻。

5.他也是把京剧介绍到国外的第一人。

6.作为中国的文化瑰宝，京剧必将获得全中国和全世界人民越来越多的喜爱。

Key to Exercise I.1.Today, as one of the glowing pearls of oriental arts, not only has Beijing Opera been widely enjoyed allover China, it has also been well received all over the world.2.According to the gender, age and social position of the different roles which they play, actors and actressesare divided into four categories: sheng(male roles), dan(female roles), jing(male roles with facial paintings) and chou (clowns).3.The uniqueness of Beijing Opera makes its artistic charm so everlasting: the creation of an aestheticco-appreciation between the actors and actresses on stage and the audience off stage.4.Mei Lanfang had created very successfully various images of ancient Chinese women and expressed theirtenderness, elegance and subtlety.5.Mei Lanfang was also the first person who introduced Beijing Opera to foreign countries.6.Being a great treasure of the Chinese culture, Beijing Opera will surely be more and more appeciated bypeople in China and in the whole world.Exercise II. Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese.著名的京剧武生徐力先生最近接受了我们舞蹈学校的邀请，担任高级舞蹈教员。