语言学第三章逆词构词法

某些英语动词同时具有规则的和不规则的两 种变化形式，这可以用类推构词（analogical creation）的原则来解释。
old
(旧的形式)
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
new
（新的形式）
work beseech slay
wrought besought slew
worked beseeched slayed
Analogical creation is to be distinguished from overgeneralization(过度法则化）.
(5) Back-formation 逆词构词法 P68
Definition : an abnormal type of wordfornation where a shorter word is derives by deleting an imagined affix from longer form already in the languange .
pedlar (小贩)
swindler(骗子)
2. adj.
v.
enthuse(使热心) gloom(变灰暗）
enthusiasm(热情的） gloomy(灰暗的)
（6）Analogical creation 类推构词法 P68
Definition : the principle of Analogical creation can account for the co-existence of two forms , regular and irregular , in the combination of English verbs .
词性变换会改变甚至完全改变词义
person trained in engineering (n.工程师)
engineer
to act as an engineer (v. 策划;制造)
a pig (n. 猪）
hog
to take and keep (all of something） for oneself (v. 多占,霸占)
逆词构词法是构词法中一种不规则的类型，
即删去一个语言中已有的较长的单词的想象的 词缀，由此造出一个较短的单词
television
editor calmative gangling
televise (delete -ion)
edit calm gangle
1.
n.
v.
peddle （叫卖）
swindle （诈骗 )
do teach …
doed teached
did taught
(7) Class shift 词性变换 P69
Definition: by shifting word class one can change the meaning of a word from a concrete
entity or notion to a process or attribution.