风能的开发与利用-论文
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风能的开发
小明同学
摘要:在不断持续的能源紧张中,不少人想到了新能源利用。利用洁净的能源(可再生能源)是人类社会文明进步的表现、是科学技术的发展、是环保理念的体现。洁净能源指太阳能、风能、潮汐能、生物能等,这都是可再生取之不尽的能源,特别是风能技术最为成熟,经济可行性较高,是一种较理想的发展能源。风是地球上的一种自然现象,它是由太阳辐射热引起的。风能是太阳能的一种转换形式,是一种重要的自然能源。太阳照射到地球表面,地球表面各处受热不同,产生温差,从而引起大气的对流运动形成风。据估计到达地球的太阳能中虽然只有大约2%转化为风能,但其总量仍是十分可观的。全球的风能约为2.74×109MW,其中可利用的风能为2×107MW,比地球上可开发利用的水能总量还要大10倍。
我国风能资源总量约42亿千瓦,技术可开发量约3亿千瓦。目前东南沿海是最大风能资源区,风能密度为200W/M2~300W/M2,大于6m/s的风速时间全年3000h以上就可取得较大经济效益。风能与其他能源相比,有其明显的优点:蕴量巨大、可以再生、分布广泛、没有污染。风能和阳光一样,是取之不尽、用之不竭的再生能源;风力发电没有燃料问题,不会产生辐射或二氧化碳公害,也不会产生辐射或空气污染;而且从经济的角度讲,风力仪器比太阳能仪器要便宜九成多。中国风能储量很大、分布面广,甚至比水能还要丰富。合理利用风能,既可减少环境污染,又可减轻越来越大的能源短缺的压力。
关键词:风能、能源开发、能源利用、洁净能源
Development and utilization of wind energy
XiaoMing
Abstract :In the ongoing energy crisis, many people came up with new energy. Use of clean energy (renewable energy) is a sign of civilization and progress of human society,and is science and technology for development,and is the embodiment of the concept of environmental protection.Clean energy such as solar, wind, tidal, biomass,these are renewable inexhaustible energy, especially wind energy technology is the most mature, higher economic feasibility, is a better development of energy resources.Wind is a natural phenomenon on the planet, it is caused by solar radiation. Wind energy is a form of conversion of solar energy, is an important natural source of energy. Sun to the Earth's surface, the Earth's surface heating throughout different, temperature differences, thus giving rise to convective motion of the atmosphere forming air.It is estimated to reach the Earth's change while only about 2% in the solar wind, but their total remains very substantial. Global wind energy of about 2.74x109MW, which can be used for wind 2x107MW, than on the earth can be 10 times larger water energy exploitation and utilization of the amount of times.
About wind energy resources in China 4.2 billion-kilowatt, approximately 300 million-kilowatt of the technologies can be developed.It is biggest wind energy resources area to be coastal in the southeast at present, wind energy density 200W/M2-300W/M2, which is larger than 6m/s wind speed in time throughout the year more than 3000 H to obtain greater economic efficiency. Compared with other energies, there are its obvious advantages in the wind energy: The accumulating amount is enormous, can regenerate, be widespread, free from contamination. The wind energy is the same as sunshine, it is a abundant, inexhaustible regeneration energy;There is no fuel question in the wind-power electricity generation, will not produce radiation or carbon dioxide public hazards, will not produce the radiation or air pollution either;And say, the wind-force instrument is cheaper by more than 90% than the solar energy instrument from economic angle.China's wind energy has very large reserves, distributes the surface widely, even more abundant than the hydroenergy. Enable wind rationally, can both reduce the environmental pollution and lighten the pressure of the increasingly heavy energy deficit.
Keys:Wind energy / Energy Development / Energy use/lean Energy
一.风力发电的现状
21世纪是可再生能源的世纪,由于风能非常丰富、价格非常便宜、能源不会枯竭,又可以在很大范围内取得,非常干净、没有污染,不会对气候造成影响,因而风力发电具有极大的推广价值。在中国,风能资源丰富的地区主要集中在北部、西北和东北的草原、戈壁滩以及东部、东南部的沿海地带和岛屿上。这些地区缺少煤炭及其他常规能源,并且冬春季节风速高,雨水少;夏季风速小,降雨多,风能和水能具有非常好的季节补偿。另外,在中国内陆地区,由于特殊的地理条件,有些地区具有丰富的风能资源,适合发展风电,比如江西省都阳湖地区以及湖北省通山地区。目前我国的风能利用方面与国际水平还在一定差距,但是发展很快,无论在发展规模上还是发展水平上,都有很大提高。据资料显示,2004年全国在建项目的装机容量约150万千瓦,其中正在施工的约42万千瓦,可研批复的68万千瓦,项目建议书批复的45万千瓦,包括五个10万千瓦特许权项目。
目前,全国能源结构性矛盾突出,一次能源只有煤炭和水电;而且电煤在煤炭资源上是有限的,水电开发程度又较低。风电和水电具有不同步发生规律,风力发电高峰处于秋季与冬季,水利发电高峰期处于春季和夏季,风电和水电具有季节性特性,可实现季节性互补;风力发电是环保型可再生能源,可改善电源结构,替代一部分火电容量,节约煤炭,减少污染,保护环境。
据资料显示,“十一五”末全国电网电力开始出现缺额,并且缺额会逐年增加,其他类型电力资源的供应是在必行,而风电资源是最好的选择。风电场的建