中医英语课后答案5-6课李照国.doc

中医英语课后答案9.10.11.12.13.15第十课一．术语翻译1.theory of meridians and collaterals2.system of meridians and collaterals3.transporting qi and blood to the whole body4.being connected with the viscera and limbs5.running routes6.twelve regular meridians7.the regions through or along which the meridiansrun and the order by which the meridians are connected with each other8.(of a collateral) pertaining to a certain meridian9.eight extraordinary vessels (meridians)10.branches of the twelve regular meridians 11.divergent collaterals12.skin divisions of the twelve regular meridians13.tendons of the twelve regular meridians14.qi of meridians15.syndrome differentiation of meridians andcollaterals16.meridian conduction17.meridian manifestations18.blockage of meridians19.soothing meridians and activating collaterals20.collateral pricking and cupping therapy二．句子翻译1.Meridians are the pathways for qi to circulate in the whole body.2.The meridians, which are the major trunks in the system of meridians and collaterals, mainly run in the deepregions of the body. The collaterals, which are the branches of the meridians, run in the shallow regions of the body or just beneath the skin.3.The twelve regular meridians start from and end at certain points, run through or along certain regions, followcertain orders to connect with each other, distribute in the limbs with rules and are directly associated with the internal organs.4.The eight extraordinary vessels include the governor vessel, conception vessel, thoroughfare vessel, beltvessel, yin heel vessel, yang heel vessel, yin link vessel and yang link vessel.5.The twelve branches of meridians, which stem from the twelve regular meridians, start from the four limbs,run deep in the viscera and emerge from the shallow region of the neck.6.The branches of the yang meridians stem from the meridians proper, run inside the body and finally merge into the meridians proper. The branches of the yin meridians stem from the meridians proper, run inside the body and merge into the yang meridians that are internally and externally related to the yin meridians.7.Collaterals can be divided into three categories, i.e. divergent collaterals, superficial collaterals and minute collaterals.8.The minute collaterals are the smallest collaterals. That is why they are literally called grandson-collaterals.9.According to the theory of meridians, tendons of meridianswhere qi of the meridians stays, accumulates,dissipates and associates with other parts of the body in the musculature and joints.10.Similarly pathological changes of the viscera can manifest over the surface of the body through meridians.11.The Plain Conversation says, “Liver disease is characterized by hypochondriac pain involving the lower abdomen…and lung disease is characterized by panting, cough, adverse flow of qi and pain in the shoulders and back.”12.Generally speaking, cough due to disorder of the lung meridian is accompanied by lung distension, chestoppression and pain in the superclavicular fossa; cough due to disorder of the kidney meridian is often accompanied by throbbing sensation in the heart like being hungry and frequent fear.13.The theory of meridians studies the physiological functions and pathological changes of meridians and their relationships with the viscera.14.The main physiological function of the twelve meridians is to strengthen relationship between the twomeridians that are internally and externally related to each other.15.The skin of the whole body is the region over which the functional activities of the twelve meridians aremanifested.16.Since the three yang meridians of hand and the three yang meridians of foot are connected with each other over the head, the head is the place where all kinds of yang meets.17.Therapeutically, the acupoints located in the meridiansthat are internally and externally related to each other can be used alternately.18.Qi and blood in the meridians circulate in cycles.19.Under pathological condition, meridians become the pathways that transmit pathogenic factors and manifest pathological changes.20.Clinically the places where symptoms manifest and the regions through or along which the meridians run and associate with the viscera are taken as the evidences for diagnosing diseases.Lesson 11ⅰ.1.six exogenous pathogenic factors2.improper diet and overstrain/doc/897e64aed1f34693daef3e90.html mon cold due to wind-cold4.diarrhea due to damp-heat/damp-heat diarrhea5.five endogenous pathogenic factors6.pathogenic wind attacking the exterior7.migratory arthralgia/joint pain8.wind being the leading pathogenic factor9.attacked/invaded by pathogenic cold10.decline of yang qi11.cold tending to stagnate by nature 12.stagnation of interstitial space13.spasm and contraction of muscles and tendons14.pathogenic dampness obstructing the spleen15.inactivation of spleen-yang16.production of endogenous heat due to yindeficiency17.extreme heat producing wind18.internal impairment due to yin deficiency19.improper diet20.engorgementⅱ.1. Etiology refers to the cause of diseases resulting from imbalance (between yin and yang) within the body.2. The six pathogenic factors are a collective term for exogenous pathogenic wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness, and fire.3. Exogenous pathogenic wind invades the body through the skin, hair and muscles, producing syndrome of exogenous wind.4. The exogenous diseases caused by pathogenic wind are characterized by sudden onset and rapid transmission.5. Pathogenic cold attacks the skin and muscles and leads to the stagnation of defensive-yang, which is called “cold damage”.6. Endogenous cold is a pathological manifestation of insufficient yang qi failing to warm the body.7. The attack of pathogenic summer-heat on the body usually leads to a series of yang symptoms, such as high fever, dysphoria, flushed cheeks and full pulse.8. Pathogenic summer-heat usually accompanies pathogenic dampness to invade the body.9. Exogenous dampness is primarily caused by such external pathogenic factors as humid climate, moist location and drenching or wading.10. Endogenous dampness is a morbid state due to dysfunction of the spleen and retention of water and fluid.11. Attack of exogenous dryness on the body tends toconsume body fluid and leads to deficiency of yin-fluid.12. Pathogenic dryness tends to attack the body through the mouth and nose, so it is liable to damage lung fluid.13. Pathogenic fire-heat tends to consume the body fluid and leads to deficiency of it.14. Pestilence is a kind of highly contagious pathogenic factors, characterized by sudden onset, severe conditions, fulminating infection and widespread transmission.15. The seven abnormal emotions often directly impair their related internal organs, leading to disorder of visceral qi, disharmony between qi and blood, and consequently bringing on diseases.16. Improper diet mainly impairs the spleen and stomach, leading to dysfunction of them.17. Overstrain will impair qi, and eventually lead to deficiency of qi, fatigue and weak constitution.18. Phlegm and fluid are both pathological substances caused by retention of water and fluid.19. The diseases caused by blood stasis vary according to the location and cause of the stasis.20. Pain caused by blood stasis is usually marked by stabbing, fixed and unpalpable pain that worsens in the night. Lesson 12 ⅰ.1.occurrence, development, and changes ofdisease2.(body )constitutional state3.dysfunction of qi and blood4.various pathological changes5.exuberance or decline of pathogenic factorsand healthy qi/ strength contrast between pathogenicfactors and healthy qi6.deficiency or excess changes of disease/transformation between deficiency andexcess during a disease7.the hu man body’ resistance against diseases8.feverish sensation over the five centers(palms, soles, and chest)9.deficiency complicated with excess 10.turnover of disease/prognosis of disease11.relative predominance of yin or yang12.extreme changes of five emotions13.depletion of essence causing deficiency14.mutual consumption of yin and yang15.true heat and false cold; false cold and trueheat16.stagnation of qi activity17.disorder of fluid metabolism18.endogenous cold/ cold originating from theinterior19.fluid consumption producing dryness20.stirring of endogenous wind/disturbance ofendogenous windⅱ.1.The course of many diseases is a process of combat between pathogenic factors and healthy qi as well as the ebb and flow of their strengths.2.Predominance of pathogenic factors leads to excess while depletion of essence results in deficiency.3.Healthy qi triumphs over pathogenic factors, leading to improvement of or recovery from an illness.4.Yang deficiency refers to the morbid state of insufficient or hypofunctional yang qi failing to warm thebody.5.Yin deficiency refers to the morbid state of depleted essence, blood and fluid leading to relativehyperactivity of yang.6.Loss of yin or yang refers to the critical state of sudden, profuse loss of yin-fluid or yang-qi.7.The disorders of qi include insufficient production of qi, excessive depletion of qi, hypofunction of qiand abnormal movements of qi.8.The topical stagnation of qi may lead to such symptoms as distension, pain, or even blood stasis andretention of water, fluid, or phlegm9.Qi adverseness refers to the morbid state of abnormal ascending and descending of qi and adverse,upward flow of visceral qi.10.Blood deficiency refers to the morbid state of insufficient blood failing to nourish the body.11.Blood stasis refers to the morbid state of slow and unsmooth flow of blood.12.Blood heat refers to the morbid state of heat in the blood hastening the blood flow.13.Blood stasis due to qi stagnation means that the unsmooth flow of qi leads to disturbance of bloodcirculation.14.Impairment of thin-fluid often develops to depletion of thick-fluid, and depletion of thick-fluid is a resultof insufficient thin-fluid.15.Qi stagnation due to fluid retention refers to the morbidstate of disturbance of fluid metabolism andretention of water, dampness, phlegm and fluid lead to stagnation of qi.16.Stirring of endogenous wind refers to a morbid state due to hyperactivity of yang qi within the body.17.Endogenous dampness is mostly caused by deficiency of the spleen, so it is also called “dampness due tospleen deficienc y”.18.Endogenous dryness can be manifested in any organs or tissues, especially the lung, stomach and largeintestine.19.The prolonged deficiency of yin-fluid of the lung often involves the kidney and results in simultaneousdeficiency of the lung-yin and kidney-yin.20.The obstruction of the urinary bladder is called “uroschesis”and the incontinence of urine is called“enuresis”.Lesson 13ⅰ.1.spirit, complexion, and physical conditions2.mental activities3.sufficient essence and abundant qi4.apathetic facial expressions5.normal complexion and varied normalcomplexion6.convulsion of the limbs7.stirring of wind due to damp-heat8.interior sinking of pathogenic toxin9.scaly skin/ squamous and dry skin10.hunger without appetite/doc/897e64aed1f34693daef3e90.html bined use of the four diagnostic methods12.facial expressions13.favorable prognosis14.dispiritedness15.five colors indicating diseases / diagnosticsignificance of five colors16.facial distortion17.flaming of deficient fire18.retention of heat in the large intestine19.uncoated tongue/ mirror-like tongue20.pulse manifestationsⅱ.1.Inspection is a diagnostic method of observing general or local changes of spirit, complexion and physicalconditions.2.The listening-smelling method refers to an approach to diagnosis by listening to the voices of the patients and smelling the odors emitted from the patients.3.Inquiry is a diagnostic method used to understand the occurrence, development, present subjective symptoms and other things concerning the diseases by asking the patients or their companions.4.Pulse-taking and palpitation refer to the diagnostic method of feeling the pulse and palpating the stomach and abdomen, foot and hand as well as other regions of the patients.5.Local pathological changes may involve the whole body and the viscera, which can be manifested in variousaspects.6.The four diagnostic methods were developed gradually in the long-term medical practice.7.“With spirit” is a manifestation of sufficient essence, abundant qi, and full vitality.8.“Without spirit” is a manifestation of impaired essence, deficient qi, and dispiritedness.9.“False spirit” is a false manifestat ion of temporary vitality during the critical stage of a disease.10.Normal complexion refers to the facial colors under physiological conditions.11.Bluish color indicates cold syndrome, pain syndrome, blood stasis and infantile convulsion.12.Inspection of physical conditions can provide information about the state of visceral qi and blood, strengthcontrast between yin and yang or pathogenic factors and healthy qi, as well as prognosis and location of the diseases.13.V omiting is caused by adverse rising of stomach qi.14.Bulgy tongue is usually caused by retention of water, dampness, phlegm and fluid.15.Mirror-like tongue is primarily caused by depletion of stomach yin and impairment of stomach qi.16.Yellow tongue coating is caused by fumigation of pathogenic heat and usually indicates interior syndrome and heat syndrome.17.Greasy tongue coating, usually caused by interior accumulation of damp-turbidity and stagnation of yang qi, mainly indicates retention of phlegm-fluid, damp-turbidity, food, damp-heat and obstinate phlegm, etc.18.Pressing diagnosis includes pulse-taking and palpation.19.The variation of pulse that reflects the state of a disease isknown as morbid pulse.20.Clinically, only combined use of the four diagnostic methods can enable one to perform the correct diagnosis.Lesson 15ⅰ.1.辨证论治treatment with syndromedifferentiation/ treatment according to syndrome differentiation2.表里同病disease involving both exterior andinterior/ simultaneous disorder of exterior and interior3.寒热错杂simultaneous occurrence of cold andheat/ mixture of cold and heat4.里邪出表regression of interior pathogenicfactors to the exterior5.真寒假热true cold and false heat6.恶寒与恶热aversion to cold and aversion to heat7.口淡不渴tasteless sensation in the mouthwithout thirst8.寒邪郁而化热transformation of stagnatedpathogenic cold into heat9.外感表虚exterior-deficiency syndrome due toexogenous pathogens10.五心烦热feverish sensation over five centers11.病位与病性location and nature of disease12.虚实夹杂mixture of deficiency andexcess/co-existence of deficiency and excess 13.外邪入里invasion of exterior pathogenic factorsinto the interior14.寒证化热cold syndrome transforming into heatsyndrome15.真假寒热true heat and false cold16.热证转寒heat syndrome transforming into coldsyndrome17.舌淡苔白而润滑pale tongue with white, moistand slippery fur18.脉数无力rapid and weak pulse19.潮热盗汗tidal fever and night sweating20.神昏谵语coma with deliriumⅱ.1.疾病的表现尽管极其复杂，但基本上都可以用八纲加以归纳。

中医英语课后答案3-4课李照国一.术语翻译1. philosophical concept2. mutual transformation3. balance of yin and yang4. transformation between yin and yang5. extreme cold turning into heat6. pathological changes7. absolute predominance8. general rule of pathogenesis9. supplementing what it lacks of10. eliminating wind and dispersing cold 11. mutually inhibiting and promoting 12. mutually inhibiting and restraining 13. interdependence14. excess of yin leading to decline of yang 15. contrary and supplementary to each other 16. organic whole17. impairment of yang involving yin 18. deficiency of both yin and yang 19. deficiency cold syndrome20. suppressing yang and eliminating wind一.句子翻译1. Yin and yang are two concepts in classical Chinese philosophy.2. Yin and yang are the summarization of the attributes of two opposite aspects of interrelated things or phenomena in nature.3. The formation, development and changes of all things in the universe are the result of the movement of yin and yang that oppose to each other and unite with each other.4. The celestial qi pertains to yang because it is light and lucid, while the terrestrial qi pertains to yin because it is heavy and turbid.5. The course of mutual restraint and inhibition between yin and yang signifies their progress in mutual reduction and promotion.6. Yin cannot exist alone without yang and vice versa.7. Separation of yin and yang results in exhaustion of essence.8. Only through constant reduction, growth and balance can the normal development of things be maintained.9. Under given conditions, either yin or yang may transform into its counterpart.10. Sprout of things signifies transformation while extreme development of things indicates change.11. Yin and yang are indispensable the human body.12. Functions pertain to yang while substances to yin.13. If yin and yang fail to promote each other and are thus separated from each other, it will lead to the end of life.14. No matter how complicated pathological changes of a disease are, they are nothing more than relative predominance of yin or yang.15. The so-called healthy qi refers to the structure and functions of the body, including body resistance against diseases.16. If any part of the body, either yin or yang, becomes deficient to a certain extent, it will inevitably lead to insufficiency of the other part.17. Imbalance between yin and yang is the intrinsic factor responsible for the occurrence and progress of a disease.18. The manifestations of complexion can tell whether a disease pertains to yin or yang in nature.19. The basic therapeutic principle is to supplement insufficiency and reduce excess.20. Only when appropriate herbs are chosen can excellent therapeutic effects be ensured.第四课一.术语翻译1. the doctrine of five elements; the theory of five phases2. free development3. to be generated and to generate4. restraint in generation5. Wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally.6. Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.7. Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing. 8. over restriction and counter-restriction9. Wood over restricts earth because it is deficient. 10. promotion, restriction, inhibition and transformation 11. disorder ofa mother-organ involving its child-organ12. insufficiency of essence and blood in the liver and kidney13. blood deficiency in the heart and liver 14. exuberant fire in the heart 15. insufficiency of liver yin 16. declination of kidney yang17. weakness of the spleen and stomach18. soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach 19. insufficiency of kidney yin 20. balance between water and fire二.句子翻译1. Wood, fire, earth, metal and water are the five most essential materials indispensable to human existence.2. The formation of the theoretical system of TCM was deeply influenced by the doctrine of five elements.3. Water is characterized by moistening and downward flow.4. The liver pertains to wood because it controls elevation.5. The spleen pertains to earth because it controls transportation and transformation.6. The kidney pertains to water because it controls water metabolism.7. Restriction implies that one thing brings under control or restraint of the other.8. Since wood generates fire, wood is the generator of fire; since fire generates earth, fire is the generator of earth.9. Subjugation or over restriction means to launch a violent attack when a counterpart is weak. 10. When wood is too strong, it will over restrict the spleen and counter-restrict metal. 11. Since the heart can warm the body, it pertains to fire. 12. The liver stores blood to complement the liver.13. The kidney stores essence to nourish blood in the liver.14. The idea that the disorder of a child-organ attacks the mother-organs means that the disease is transmitted from a child-organ to its mother-organ.15. The human body is an organic whole. So disorders of the internal organs can be manifested over the surface of the body.16. Restriction includes over restriction and counter-restriction, both of which are abnormal restriction among the five elements.17. The basic relationships among the five elements are generation, restriction, over restrictio and counter-restriction.18. The one that generates is the mother-element while the one that is being generated is the child-element.19. Clinically the doctrine of five elements is used to decide therapeutic principles and methods. 20. The doctrine of five elements obviously has certain limitations and is still in need of further improvement.。

KevinLee.第一课一．术语翻译1.traditional Chinese medicine; TCM2.basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine3.clinical experience4.treatment based on syndrome differentiation5.miscellaneous diseases6.Chinese pharmacy7.four properties and five tastes8.acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox9.classical Chinese philosophy10.sweating therapy; diaphoresis11.purgation12.vomiting therapy; emetic therapy13.the School of Reinforcing the Earth14.etiology15.prescription; formula16.medical practice17.therapeutic principles18.herbs cold and cool in nature19.nourishing yin and reducing fire20.diseases caused by blood stagnation二．句子翻译1.TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases.2.TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.3.TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, prevention and treatment of diseases.4.Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation of theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine.5.Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine in many respects, especially in pulse lore.6.Discussion on the Causes and Symptoms of Various Diseases is the earliest extant monograph on the causes and symptoms of diseases in China.7.Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.8.Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases.pendium of Materia Medica is recognized as a monumental work in the history of Chinese materia medica and a great contribution to the development of pharmacology in the world.10.Traditional Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinal herbs, but also minerals and animal parts.11.In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called four great medical schools.12.Zhang Congzheng believed that all diseases were caused by exogenous pathogenic factors and advocated that pathogenic factors should be driven out by means of diaphoresis, emesis and purgation.13.Liu Wansu believed that “fire-heat” was the main cause of a variety of diseases and that these diseases should should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature.14.Li Gao held that “internal impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring about diseases” and emphasized that the most important thing inclinical treatment was to warm and invigorate the spleen and stomach.15.Zhu Danxi believed that “yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient” and advocated the remedies of nourishing yin and reducing fire in treatment of diseases.16.Study on Warm Disease is a clinical specialty focusing on the occurrence, progress, diagnosis and treatment of warm diseases.17.The School of Warm Disease has developed the rules of treatment of warm disease based on syndrome differentiation in light of defensive phase, qi phase, nutritive phase, blood phase and triple energizer.18.Wang Qingren in the late Qing Dynasty corrected mistakes about anatomy made in ancient medical books and advocated the theory that diseases were caused by blood stagnation.19.Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has paved a new way for the development and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.20.Great progress has been made in systematic andexperimental study of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine.第二课一．术语翻译1.five zang-organs; five zang-viscera2.six fu-organs3.system of meridians and collaterals4.holismanic wholenss6.social attribute7.(of the five zang-organs) open into8.sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store9.diagnostics10.relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi11.therapeuticsmon cold due to wind and cold13.different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease14.the same therapeutic method used to treat different diseases15.balance of water metabolism16.clearing away heart fire17.nature of disease18.treating the left side for curing diseases located on the right side19.drawing yang from yin20.treating the lower part for curing diseases located on the upper part二．句子翻译1.The theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized by holism and treatment based on syndrome differentiation.2.TCM believes that the human body is an organic whole.3.The constituent parts of the human body are interdependent in physiology and mutually influential in pathology.4.The holism permeates through the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment of diseases.5.Changes in the natural world directly or indirectlyinfluence the human body.6.Qi and blood in the human body tend to flow to the exterior in spring and summer and to the interior in autumn and winter.7.The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related to the small intestine.8.TCM has noticed that the fact that social activity psychologically influences human beings.9.According to TCM, the body and spirit coexist, interacting with each other and influencing each other.10.Yang qi in the human body tends to flow to the exterior in the daytime and to the interior at night.11.Regional differences, to some extent, influences the physiological activities of the human body.12.Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changes at a certain stage during the course of a disease.13.Treatment based on syndrome differentiation, one of the characteristics of TCM, is the basic principle in TCM for understanding and treating diseases.14.Syndrome includes the location, cause and nature of a disease as well as the state of pathogenic factors and healthy qi.15.Differentiation of syndrome and treatment of disease are two inseparable aspects in diagnosing and treating diseases.16.Clinically doctors pay great attention to the differentiation of diseases. But therapeutically they care more about the differentiation of syndromes because diseases can be cured by treating syndromes.17.Syndrome can comprehensively and accurately reveal the nature of a disease.18.Different diseases may demonstrate the same syndrome because of the similarity in pathogenesis.19.If the syndrome of middle qi sinking appears in two different diseases, they all can be treated by the therapeutic method for elevating middle qi.20.The treatment of diseases in TCM does not only simply concentrate on the difference or similarity of diseases, but on the difference or similarity of pathogenesis.第三课一．术语翻译1.philosophical concept2.mutual transformation3.balance of yin and yang4.transformation between yin and yang5.extreme cold turning into heat6.pathological changes7.absolute predominance8.general rule of pathogenesis9.supplementing what it lacks of10.eliminating wind and dispersing cold11.mutually inhibiting and promoting12.mutually inhibiting and restraining13.interdependence14.excess of yin leading to decline of yang15.contrary and supplementary to each otheranic whole17.impairment of yang involving yin18.deficiency of both yin and yang19.deficiency cold syndrome20.suppressing yang and eliminating wind三．句子翻译1.Yin and yang are two concepts in classical Chinese philosophy.2.Yin and yang are the summarization of the attributes of two opposite aspects of interrelated things or phenomena in nature.3.The formation, development and changes of all things in the universe are the result of the movement of yin and yang that oppose to each other and unite with each other.4.The celestial qi pertains to yang because it is light and lucid, while the terrestrial qi pertains to yin because it is heavy and turbid.5.The course of mutual restraint and inhibition between yin and yang signifies their progress in mutual reduction and promotion.6.Yin cannot exist alone without yang and vice versa.7.Separation of yin and yang results in exhaustion of essence.8.Only through constant reduction, growth and balance can the normal development of things bemaintained.9.Under given conditions, either yin or yang may transform into its counterpart.10.Sprout of things signifies transformation while extreme development of things indicates change.11.Yin and yang are indispensable the human body.12.Functions pertain to yang while substances to yin.13.If yin and yang fail to promote each other and are thus separated from each other, it will lead to the end of life.14.No matter how complicated pathological changes of a disease are, they are nothing more than relative predominance of yin or yang.15.The so-called healthy qi refers to the structure and functions of the body, including body resistance against diseases.16.If any part of the body, either yin or yang, becomes deficient to a certain extent, it will inevitably lead to insufficiency of the other part. 17.Imbalance between yin and yang is the intrinsic factor responsible for the occurrence and progressof a disease.18.The manifestations of complexion can tell whether a disease pertains to yin or yang in nature.19.The basic therapeutic principle is to supplement insufficiency and reduce excess.20.Only when appropriate herbs are chosen can excellent therapeutic effects be ensured.第四课一．术语翻译1.the doctrine of five elements; the theory of five phases2.free development3.to be generated and to generate4.restraint in generation5.Wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally.6.Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.7.Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing.8.over restriction and counter-restriction9.Wood over restricts earth because it is deficient.10.promotion, restriction, inhibition and transformation11.disorder of a mother-organ involving its child-organ12.insufficiency of essence and blood in the liver and kidney13.blood deficiency in the heart and liver14.exuberant fire in the heart15.insufficiency of liver yin16.declination of kidney yang17.weakness of the spleen and stomach18.soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach19.insufficiency of kidney yin20.balance between water and fire二．句子翻译1.Wood, fire, earth, metal and water are the five most essential materials indispensable to human existence.2.The formation of the theoretical system of TCM was deeply influenced by the doctrine of five elements.3.Water is characterized by moistening and downward flow.4.The liver pertains to wood because it controls elevation.5.The spleen pertains to earth because it controls transportation and transformation.6.The kidney pertains to water because it controls water metabolism.7.Restriction implies that one thing brings under control or restraint of the other.8.Since wood generates fire, wood is the generator of fire; since fire generates earth, fire is the generator of earth.9.Subjugation or over restriction means to launch a violent attack when a counterpart is weak.10.When wood is too strong, it will over restrict the spleen and counter-restrict metal.11.Since the heart can warm the body, it pertains to fire.12.The liver stores blood to complement the liver.13.The kidney stores essence to nourish blood in the liver.14.The idea that the disorder of a child-organ attacks the mother-organs means that the disease is transmitted from a child-organ to its mother-organ.15.The human body is an organic whole. So disorders of the internal organs can be manifested over the surface of the body.16.Restriction includes over restriction and counter-restriction, both of which are abnormal restriction among the five elements.17.The basic relationships among the five elements are generation, restriction, over restriction and counter-restriction.18.The one that generates is the mother-element while the one that is being generated is the child-element.19.Clinically the doctrine of five elements is used to decide therapeutic principles and methods.20.The doctrine of five elements obviously has certain limitations and is still in need of further improvement.第五课一．术语翻译1.藏象学说doctrine of visceral manifestations2.五脏六腑five zang-organs and six fu-organs3.奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs4.水谷精微nutrients of water and food5.传化水谷transmitting and transforming water and food6.贮藏精气storing essence7.表里关系internal and external relationship8.治疗效应therapeutic effects9.临床实践clinical practice10.藏而不泻storage without discharge11.泻而不藏discharge without storage12.形体诸窍physical build and various orifices13.开窍(of five zang-organs) open into14.精神情志spirit and emotions15.心藏神the heart storing spirit16.肺藏魄the lung storing corporeal soul17.肝藏魂the liver storing ethereal soul18.脾藏意the spleen storing consciousness19.肾藏志the kidney storing will20.其华在面the luster manifesting upon the face二．句子翻译1.藏象学说是研究人体各个脏腑的生理功能、病理变化及相互关系的学说。

中医专业英语第九版课后答案1、The flowers _______ sweet. [单选题] *A. tasteB. smell(正确答案)C. soundD. feel2、_______, Mr. Smith. [单选题] *A. Here your tea isB. Here is your tea(正确答案)C. Here your tea areD. Here are your tea3、21 In a few years' time, there ________ thousands of trees on the hill. [单选题] * A．will haveB．will be(正确答案)C．are haveD．have4、She _______ so much _______ her mother. [单选题] *A. looks; like(正确答案)B. looks; forC. looks; afterD. looks forwards; to5、You can distinguish the twins very easily, _____Tom is quite while Jack is active. [单选题] *A. soB. butC. for(正确答案)D. and6、—______ do you pay for it? —Over the Internet. （）[单选题] *A. WhatB. How muchC. How(正确答案)D. When7、Mrs. Black is on her way to England. She will _______ in London on Sunday afternoon. [单选题] *A. reachB. attendC. arrive(正确答案)D. get8、_____ whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. [单选题] *A. What is not yet knownB. It is not yet known(正确答案)C. As is not yet knownD. This is not yet known9、I do not have my own room,_____. [单选题] *A. neither does Tom(正确答案)B. neither has TomC. so does TomD. so has Tom10、( ). The old man enjoys ______ stamps. And now he has1300 of them [单选题] *A. collectB. collectedC. collecting(正确答案)D. to collect11、99．—Would you please show me the way _________ the bank?—Yes, go straight ahead. It’s opposite a school. [单选题] *A．inB．forC．withD．to(正确答案)12、Customers see location as the first factor when_____a decision about buying a house. [单选题] *A.makeB.to makeC.making(正确答案)D.made13、100．The bus can ______ you to the Great Wall. [单选题] *A．leaveB．take(正确答案)C．changeD．spend14、32．There are about __________ women doctors in this hospital. [单选题] *A．two hundred ofB．two hundreds ofC．two hundredsD．two hundred (正确答案)15、I knocked on the door but _______ answered. [单选题] *A. somebodyB. anybodyC. nobody(正确答案)D. everybody16、Will you see to（）that the flowers are well protected during the rainy season? [单选题] *A. it(正确答案)B. meC. oneD. yourself17、There are about eight ______ students in my school.（）[单选题] *A. hundred(正确答案)B. hundredsC. hundred ofD. hundreds of18、She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit. [单选题] *A. which(正确答案)B. whoC.itD. that19、—______ is the concert ticket?—It’s only 160 yuan.（）[单选题] *A. How manyB How much(正确答案)C. How oftenD. How long20、I want something to eat. Please give me a _______. [单选题] *A. bookB. watchC. shirtD. cake(正确答案)21、The office building will be _______ a library. [单选题] *A. turned onB. turned upC. turned into(正确答案)D. turned off22、They took _____ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping. [单选题] *A.efficientB.beneficialC.validD.effective(正确答案)23、I’d like to know the _______ of the club. [单选题] *A. schedule(正确答案)B. schoolC. menuD. subject24、He _______ maths. [单选题] *A. does well in(正确答案)B. good atC. is well inD. does well at25、What’s your _______ for the coming new year? [单选题] *A. playB. plantC. plan(正确答案)D. plans26、____ China is ____ old country with ____ long history. [单选题] *A. /, an, a(正确答案)B. The, an, aC. /, an, /D. /, the, a27、We moved to the front row_____we could hear and see better. [单选题] *A. so asB. so that(正确答案)C. becauseD. such that28、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of（）. [单选题] *A. dateB. shape(正确答案)C. orderD. balance29、My dog is very _______. It is safe to touch it if you want to. [单选题] *A. luckyB. deliciousC. friendly(正确答案)D. helpful30、_______ your help, I can’t finish my job. [单选题] *A. withB. without(正确答案)C. inD. into。

Unit oneA 22-year-old male: Last night the pain was colicky in nature, periumbilical, and rather sporadic. The patient had about five episodes of nausea and vomiting associated with this pain last night. He has been anorectic, has had no bowel movements for two days, and has had no episodes of diarrhea. The pain has since migrated to the right lower quadrant and is steady in nature. He has had a temperature of 100 since yesterday. His blood pressure is 110/82. There have been no episodes of coughing with expectoration, shortness of breath, or burning in the epigastrium. The pertinent physical findings are related to the abdomen. His chest is clear. The patient was lying still in bed, trying to avoid movement as much as possible. There is extreme tenderness in the right lower quadrant, and there was no tenderness on rectal examination. Bowel sounds are markedly decreased.Unit 2Outpatient Clinic Medical Records (9parts):Sample:Name: Wang PingSex: maleAge: 12Clinic Record Number: 0001Date: Mar.27th, 2001Chief complaint:aversion to cold, fever, body ache, a sore throat, a stuffy and running nose. All the symptoms have continued for two days since the day before yesterday.Case history: The boy said that he felt aversion to cold and had a fever due to the sudden coldness on Mar, 25th. Then he had an ache all over and a sore throat, he had a stuffy and running nose. His cough was persistent and nonproductive. He was in good health previously.Examinations and investigations:His temperature is 38.4o C. He has a hyperaemia pharynx [ ♒♋✋☐☜♊❒♓❍✋☜]充血[ ♐✌❒✋☠♦]咽. His lung's respiratory sound becomes louder, but has no dry rale. He has a red tongue with slight yellow coating. His pulse is floating and rapid.Syndrome differentiation and diagnosis:common cold due to wind hot evil attacking the lungsMethod of treatment:clearing away heat, scattering wind, dispersing lung qi and removing exterior evilRecipe:Sang Ju Decoction (Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum Granule (Beverage)Order: 1) Take the decoction once a day.2) Have a good rest.3) Avoid eating pungent food.UnitFour10. 中药疗效高，大都无毒性，无副作用，是治病强身的良药。

中医英语参考答案中医英语参考答案中医是中国传统医学的重要组成部分，拥有悠久的历史和深厚的理论基础。

随着全球化的进程，中医在国际间的交流与合作越来越频繁。

因此，学习中医英语成为了中医学生和从业者的必备技能之一。

下面将为大家提供一些中医英语的参考答案，帮助大家更好地掌握和运用中医英语。

一、中医基础知识1. What is Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)?Traditional Chinese Medicine, also known as TCM, is a holistic medical system that originated in ancient China. It encompasses various therapies, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, massage, and dietary therapy, to restore balance and promote health.2. What are the key principles of TCM?TCM is based on the principles of Yin and Yang, Qi (vital energy), and the Five Elements (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water). It emphasizes the balance between these elements and the free flow of Qi in the body for optimal health.3. What is acupuncture?Acupuncture is a technique in which thin needles are inserted into specific points on the body to stimulate and regulate the flow of Qi. It is used to treat various conditions, including pain, digestive disorders, and stress-related issues.4. What are the common herbal medicines used in TCM?TCM utilizes a wide range of herbal medicines, such as ginseng, astragalus, andlicorice root. These herbs are often combined into formulas tailored to individual patients' needs.二、中医疾病诊断与治疗1. How does TCM diagnose diseases?TCM diagnosis involves observing the patient's appearance, listening to their voice and smelling their odor, asking about their medical history and symptoms, and feeling their pulse and examining their tongue. These methods help identify patterns of disharmony and guide treatment.2. What are the treatment methods in TCM?TCM treatment methods include acupuncture, herbal medicine, cupping, moxibustion (the burning of dried herbs on or near the skin), and Tui Na (Chinese therapeutic massage). These therapies aim to restore balance and promote the body's self-healing abilities.3. Can TCM be used alongside Western medicine?Yes, TCM can be used alongside Western medicine. In fact, an integrated approach that combines the strengths of both systems is often recommended for optimal patient care. It is important for healthcare professionals to communicate and collaborate to ensure the best outcomes for patients.三、中医养生与预防1. What are some common TCM practices for health maintenance?TCM emphasizes the importance of a balanced lifestyle, including a healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management, and proper rest. Practices such as Qigongand Tai Chi are also popular for promoting overall well-being.2. How can TCM help prevent diseases?TCM believes in the concept of "prevention is better than cure." By maintaining a balanced state of Yin and Yang and ensuring the smooth flow of Qi, TCM aims to prevent the onset of diseases. This can be achieved through lifestyle adjustments, herbal remedies, and regular TCM consultations.四、中医文化与国际交流1. How is TCM being promoted internationally?TCM has gained recognition and popularity worldwide. China has been actively promoting TCM through international conferences, cultural exchanges, and collaborations with foreign institutions. TCM clinics and schools have also been established in many countries to provide access to TCM services and education.2. What are the challenges faced by TCM in international settings?One of the challenges faced by TCM in international settings is the need for standardization and regulation. As TCM becomes more widely practiced, there is a growing demand for quality control and evidence-based research to ensure safety and efficacy.总结：中医英语作为一门专业术语丰富且独特的语言，对于学习和实践中医的人来说至关重要。

中医英语基础教程课后习题English Translation of TCM Medical Terms Unit 1 A brief introduction to traditional Chinese medicine1. traditional Chinese medicine2 .syndrome differentiation and treatment3. holism4. correspondence between man and nature5. returning to the original purity and simplicity/ returning to nature6. symptoms and signs7. syndrome8. dialectical materialism and historical materialism9. side-effect/ adverse-effect10. therapeutic effect/ efficacy/curative effect11. diagnosis and treatment12. symptomatology13. integrated/ combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine5. There would be impossible survival with solitary yin and vice versa.6. waning and waxing of yin and yang7. dynamic change8. quantitative change9. qualitative change10. yin-yang figure/ Taiji figure11. Excess of yin leading to deficiency of yang, or excess of yang leading to deficiency of yin.12. yin within yang, and yang within yin13. materialism14. dynamic balance15. inter-transformation between yin and yang/mutual transformation of yin and yang16. infinite divisibility of yin and yang17. tissues and structure18. physiological function19. the opposition and restriction of yin and yang20. Severe cold will give birth to heat, and severe heat will give birth to cold.Unit 3 Ying -yang Theory in TCM1. The lung has the function of dominating qi and controlling breath.2. the balance/ equilibrium between yin and yang3. The harmony of yin and yang ensures the harmonious life activities while the disassociation of yin and yang will exhaust essence, and eventually, death occurs.4. healthy qi5. pathogenic qi / pathogen/ pathogenic factor6. cold deficiency syndrome /cold syndrome of deficiency7. dry-heat syndrome8. mutual impairment of yin and yang / mutual detriment to yin and yang9. deficiency of yin affecting yang or deficiency of yang affecting yin10. Yin deficiency fails to control yin.11. differentiation according to the eight principlesUnit 4 Five Phase Theory1. five phase theory / five elements theory2. generating, generate /engendering3. restraining , restrict , restriction4 . restriction and transformation5. overwhelming/ over-restriction /over-acting /subjugation6. rebellion / counter-restriction/ reverse-restriction7. Fire is characterized by flaming (up).8. Wood is characterized by growing freely.9. Water is characterized by moistening and flowing downward.10. Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.11. Metal is characterized by change.12. five flavors, five colors, five growth and development , five seasons and five notes13. five sense organs, five body constituents, five emotions and five voices 14. generated/ being generated generating/to generate15. restricted/ being restricted restricting/ to restrict16 .The “generating” element is thought ofa s the “mother”.17. The “generated’ element is as the “child”.18. The disorder of mother-organ affecting/involving the child-organ; the disorder of child-organ affecting/ involving mother-organ19. ecological equilibrium20. mother-child relationshipUnit 5 Five Phase Theory in TCM1 The kidney stores vital essence.2. The kidney controls water metabolism.3. The heart-yang has warming function.4.The liver has the function of smoothing and regulating flow of qi and blood.5. transmission and change6. The liver-fire impairs the lung.7. excessive heart-fire8.exuberance/excess of the heart and liver fire9. nourishing the kidney and liver10. the failure of the spleen in transportation and transformation (脾失运化)11.flushed face and blood-shot ( red) eyes12.reinforcing method for deficiency syndrome13.reducing method for excess syndrome14 to reinforcing the mother-organ in case of asthenia or deficiency15. to purge or reduce excess of the child-organ in case of sthenia or excess 16.Enriching water to nourish wood is a therapeutic method used to nourish kidney yin to supplement liver yin.17.Enriching earth to generate metal is a therapeutic method to reinforce the spleen qi for the purpose of nourishing lung qi18. Supplementing fire to reinforce earth isa therapeutic method used to warmkidney-yang to invigorate spleen-yang.19.enriching earth to control water20.supporting metal to suppress woodUnit 6 Meridian and Collateral Theory1. meridian and collateral theory2. the twelve regular meridians3. the eight extra meridians4. the fifteen collaterals / collateral vessels5. the twelve divergent meridians/ meridian divergences6. the twelve meridian sinews7. the twelve cutaneous regions8. the lung meridian of hand Taiying (LU)9. the large intestine meridian of hand Yangming (LI)10. the stomach meridian of foot Yangming (ST)11. the spleen meridian of foot Taiyin (SP)12. the heart meridian of hand Shaoyin (HT)13. the small intestine of hand Taiyang (SI)14. the bladder meridian of foot Taiyang(BL)15. the kidney meridian of foot Shaoyin (KI)16. the pericardium meridian of hand Jueyin (PC)17. the triple energizer meridian of hand Shaoyang (TE)18. the gallbladder meridian of foot Shaoyang (GB)19. the liver meridian of foot Jueyin (LR)20. Governor Vessel GV21. Conception Vessel CV22. Thoroughfare Vessel TV23. Belt Vessel BV24. Yin Heel Vessel Yin HV25. Yang Heel Vessel Yang HV26. Yin Link Vessel Yin LV27. Yang Link Vessel Yang LV28. tertiary collaterals29. the superficial collaterals30. the convergence of yang meridians31. Chong meridian/ Thoroughfare Vessel TV32.To have an interior-exteriorrelationship33.Transversely and longitudinally, the meridians and collaterals cross with each other in both the interior and exterior of the body.34.transporting qi and blood and regulating yin and yang35.the passage for pathogen transmission36.transmitting needling sensation37.regulating deficiency and excess conditions38.meridian tropism of herbsUnit 7 Viscera Manifestations Theory1. the theory of viscera manifestations2.the five zang-organs the six fu-organs the extraordinary organs3.the heart， the liver， the spleen ，the lung， the kidney4. the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gallbladder, urinary bladder and triple energizers5. Classic on Difficult Issues of Medicine6. the brain, marrow, bones, blood vessels, gallbladder, and uterus7. the dysfunction of viscera8. the meridians and collaterals9. the interior-exterior relationship10. to transport and digest water and food11. The kidney stores vital essence.12. The liver stores blood.13. the deficiency/ asthenic syndrome14. .Excess syndrome of the zang-organ can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organ. /The sthenia syndrome of zang-organs can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organs.15. receiving16. Deficiency syndrome of the fu-organ can be treated by reinforcing the corresponding zang-organ. /The asthenia syndrome of fu-organs can be treated by reinforcing the corresponding zang-organs.17. syndrome differentiation and treatment18. The internal organs are bound to giveoutward manifestations.19. Fu-organs function well when unobstructed.20. Anger impairs the liver; over-joy impairs the heart; thought impairs the spleen; sorrow impairs the lung; fear impairs the kidney.Unit 8 The Five Zang Organs Section (A) 1. control /govern/dominate/be responsible for/in charge of2. opening into3 having its outward manifestation on / flourishing on /some organ’s conditions are manifested/ reflected on4.The heart controls blood and vessels.5 The tongue is the mirror of the heart.6 the insufficiency of the heart blood7. There is an interior-exterior relationship between the heart and small intestine. The spleen controls blood.8. rosy complexion9. Liver qi is in communication with theeyes.10. disharmony between the liver and spleen11. The liver stores blood.12. the liver-qi invading the stomach13. stagnation of liver-qi14. innate essence15. acquired essence16. The kidney stores essence and controls human reproduction, growth and development.17. The kidney controls the reception of qi.18. The deficiency of kidney essence19. metabolism20. insomniaUnit 9 The Five Zang Organs Section (B) 1. The lung governs diffusion and depurative downbearing.2. The lung is a convergence of all the vessels.3. The qi in autumn is in communication with the lung.4. The lung dominates qi of the whole body.5. the lung regulating the water passages6. failure of the lung in dispersing and descending7. The lung opens at the nose.8. The lung has an exterior and interior relationship with the large intestine.9. the upper source of water10. external pathogenic factors11. getting rid of the stale and taking in the fresh.12. food essence13. governing transportation and transformation14. The spleen controls blood.15. The spleen dominates the muscles.16. the four extremities17. The spleen opening at the mouth and flourishing on the lips18. source of qi and blood19. haemorrhage20. The spleen has an exterior and interior relationship with the stomachUnit 10 The relationships among the Zang andFu organs1. Zang has an exterior and interior relationship with fu organs.2. fire of excess type in the heart meridian3. Excess heat in the small intestine may ascend via its meridian to burn the heart4. The meridians of the lung and large intestine are connected to form the interior-exterior relationship.5. difficulty in defecation/in discharging faces6. asthmatic cough7. The spleen governing transportation and transformation8. fullness and distention in the epigastrium9. The kidney is known as “the water zang viscus”, the bladder is known as “the water fu viscus”, 10. The urinary bladder governs storing and excreting urine.11. The normal/proper opening and closing of the bladder12. The bladder has the power to control urination.13. urinary incontinence14. frequent urination stagnation of heat15. alternating between states of fullness and emptiness16. the dysfunction of the stomach in descent and that of the spleen in transportation and transformation17. Purgative therapy plays a reinforcing role in treatment of dysfunction of the six fu-organs.18. consumption of body fluid19. causing overflow of bile and jaundice20. separating the clear from the turbid Unit 11 Qi, Blood and Body Fluid1. qi, blood, body fluid and vitality2. primordial qi3. pectoral qi4. nutrient/nourishing qi5. defensive qi6. qi transformation7. functional activities of qi8. innate/congenital essence9. congenital deficiency10. consumption of primodial qi due to a prolonged illness11. Pectoral qi is known as promoting qi12. defending the body against external pathogenic factors13. Qi dominates warmth .14. Qi produces blood.15. Qi acts as the commander of blood, and blood as the mother of qi16. Qi promotes the blood circulation.17. Blood dominates nourishment and moisture.18. Qi can consolidate body fluid.19. acquired essence20. consolidating function of qi21. getting rid of the stale and taking in the fresh22. ascending, descending, entering and exiting 升、降、出、入23. Body fluid and blood have the same source.24. Harmonious circulation of blood ensures the vigorous spirit25. Those who suffer from blood loss hardly perspire and those who perspire a lot have less blood than normal26. Heavy loss of body fluid is followed by exhaustion of qi.Unit 12 Etiology1. etiology2 six climatic pathogenic factors (six excesses)3. six natural factors4. vaccination5. a life long immunity6. improper diet7. parasitology8. internal damage by intemperance of the seven emotions9. Excessive joy impairs the heart.10. Excessive anger impairs the liver.11.Excessive thought impairs the spleen.12.Excessive sorrow impairs the lung.13. Excessive fear impairs the kidney.14. unhygienic diet15. physical overstrain16. mental overstrain17.sexual overstrain18. maladjustment of work and rest19. incised wound20. phlegm-fluid retention21.impeded flow of blood22.internal cause, external cause, and cause neither internal nor /endopathogens ,exophathogens, non-exoendopathogens23 trauma24. artificial immunityUnit 13 Pathogenesis external.1. pathogenesis2. excess/sthenia; deficiency/asthenia3. excess syndrome ;deficiency syndrome4 complicated syndrome of excess anddeficiency5. excess complicated with deficiency6. struggle between vital-qi (healthy qi) and pathogenic factors7. Failure of healthy-qi in conquering pathogenic factors8. domination of vital-qi over pathogenic factors9. transforming from excess syndrome to deficiency one10. relative excess (predominance) of yin or yang11. relative decline (deficiency) of yin or yang12. exhaustion of vital- essence resulting in deficiency syndrome13. mutual consumption of yin and yang14. yin deficiency involving (affecting) yang15. mutual rejection between yin and yang16. Yin is kept externally by yang-excess in the interior.17. real cold syndrome with pseudo-heat symptoms18. excess in reality with pseudo-deficiency symptoms19. depletion of yin and yang20. disorder of functional activities of qi Unit 14 General Description of TCM Diagnostics1. diagnostics2. clinical diagnosis3. diagnostic methods4. observation, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, pulse-taking and palpation5. complexion6. constitution/physique7. tongue conditions (conditions of the tongue); tongue fur (coating)8. secretion (secreta)9. excretion (excreta)10. history of present illness (PI) (present illness)11. past history (PH)12. chief complaint (CC)13. duration(course) of disease14. menstruation/ menses15. leucorrhea16. pregnancy and delivery of baby17. auscultation and olfaction18. palpation and pulse-taking19. to survey hard mass/lump20 eight-principle syndrome differentiation/syndrome differentiation according to eight-principles 21 qi, blood and body fluid syndrome differentiation22. visceral syndrome differentiation23.six-meridian syndrome differentiation24. triple-energizer syndrome differentiation25 wei-qi-ying-xue differentiation26. concept of holism27 combination of four diagnostic methods/synthetic use of four diagnostic methods /four diagnostic methods in combination28. combination of differentiation of disease with syndrome differentiation/ combining disease differentiation with syndrome differentiation29. differential diagnosis30. pathological and physiological characteristics31. location of disease nature of disease Unit 17 TCM Life Cultivation1. TCM life cultivation and rehabilitation2. adaptation to nature3.harmony between man and nature4.adaptation to seasons5. nourishing yang in spring and summer and yin in autumn and winter.6. conforming to geography7. conforming to society8. One is always happy if one is content with one’s lot.9. unity of physique and spirit10. simultaneous cultivation of spirit and physique11.interdependence of motion and motionlessness12. healthy qi as the base13. Relative excess of qi and blood exists in the liver in spring14.five emotions15. health and longevity16.holism17. life cultivation and health care18. tissues and organs19. lost spirit20. regulation of the mindUnit 18 The Characters and Actions of Chinese Medicinals1. Chinese materia medica2. pharmacology3. four natures /properties and five flavors4. a drug of cold nature / a drug cold in nature/ a cold-natured drug5. clearing heat and purging fire6. detoxication/ removing/ eliminating toxic substances7. dispersing cold8. warming up the interior9. supporting/reinforcing yang10. treating collapse/recuperating depleted yang to rescue patients from collapse11. pungent, sweet, sour, bitter and salty12. dispersing qi and promoting the circulation of qi and blood13. relieving superficies/superficial syndrome by means of diaphoresis14. nourishing, replenishing, tonifying and enriching15. harmonizing the natures of different drugs16. relieving spasm and pain17. constipation due to dry intestine18. astringing to arrest discharge19. sending down adverse flow of qi20. relieving constipation by purgation21. softening and resolving hard mass22. exterior wind-heat syndrome23. ascending, descending, floating and sinking24. inducing vomiting25. checking exuberance of yang26. improving digestion by removing stagnated food(retention of food)27. tranquilization with heavy material28. in correspondence with the location of disease but in opposition to the tendencies of disease29. calming down and suppressing hyperactivity of the liver yang30. hyperactivity of the liver-yang31. modification according to symptoms32. texture33. processing drugs34. compatibility35. meridian tropism36. toxicity37 toxic38. slightly toxic39. extremely poisonous40. deadly poisonous41. dose (一次量) ； dosage42. obstinate disease43. to fight poison with poison/to counteract one toxin with another44. Chinese patent drug45. ingredients and actions46. indications47. administration and dosage48. contraindications49. side-effect/ adverse effect /unhealthy effect50. expiry to/ validityUnit 19 Science of Formulas1. theory of prescriptions2. common forms of prescriptions/formula3. routes of administration4.the functions of the formula5. oral administration6. fumigation and steaming ； gargling7. porwder8. taken orally with warm boiled water9. sprinkling on a sore10. bolus11. drug aromatic in flavor12. honeyed bolus13. water-paste pill。

全中医英语课后答案课李照国内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）KevinLee.第一课一．术语翻译1.traditional Chinese medicine; TCM2.basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine3.clinical experience4.treatment based on syndrome differentiation5.miscellaneous diseases6.Chinese pharmacy7.four properties and five tastes8.acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox9.classical Chinese philosophy10.sweating therapy; diaphoresis11.purgation12.vomiting therapy; emetic therapy13.the School of Reinforcing the Earth14.etiology15.prescription; formula16.medical practice17.therapeutic principles18.herbs cold and cool in nature19.nourishing yin and reducing fire20.diseases caused by blood stagnation二．句子翻译1.TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of theChinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases.2.TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.3.TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as theoccurrence, progress, prevention and treatment of diseases.4.Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine has laid a solid foundation forthe formation of theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine.5.Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in theYellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine in many respects, especially in pulse lore.6.Discussion on the Causes and Symptoms of Various Diseases is theearliest extant monograph on the causes and symptoms of diseases in China.7.Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.8.Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes variousdiseases.pendium of Materia Medica is recognized as a monumental work inthe history of Chinese materia medica and a great contribution to the development of pharmacology in the world.10.Traditional Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinalherbs, but also minerals and animal parts.11.In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called fourgreat medical schools.12.Zhang Congzheng believed that all diseases were caused by exogenouspathogenic factors and advocated that pathogenic factors should be driven out by means of diaphoresis, emesis and purgation.13.Liu Wansu believed that “fire-heat” was the main cause of avariety of diseases and that these diseases should should betreated with drugs cold and cool in nature.14.Li Gao held that “internal impairment of the spleen and stomachwould bring about diseases” and emphasized that the most important thing in clinical treatment was to warm and invigorate the spleen and stomach.15.Zhu Danxi believed that “yang is usually excessive while yin isfrequently deficient” and advocated the remedies of nourishing yin and reducing fire in treatment of diseases.16.Study on Warm Disease is a clinical specialty focusing on theoccurrence, progress, diagnosis and treatment of warm diseases.17.The School of Warm Disease has developed the rules of treatment ofwarm disease based on syndrome differentiation in light ofdefensive phase, qi phase, nutritive phase, blood phase and triple energizer.18.Wang Qingren in the late Qing Dynasty corrected mistakes aboutanatomy made in ancient medical books and advocated the theory that diseases were caused by blood stagnation.19.Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has paved a newway for the development and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.20.Great progress has been made in systematic and experimental studyof the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine.第二课一．术语翻译1.five zang-organs; five zang-viscera2.six fu-organs3.system of meridians and collaterals4.holismanic wholenss6.social attribute7.(of the five zang-organs) open into8.sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store9.diagnostics10.relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi11.therapeuticsmon cold due to wind and cold13.different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease14.the same therapeutic method used to treat different diseases15.balance of water metabolism16.clearing away heart fire17.nature of disease18.treating the left side for curing diseases located on the rightside19.drawing yang from yin20.treating the lower part for curing diseases located on the upperpart二．句子翻译1.The theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized by holism andtreatment based on syndrome differentiation.2.TCM believes that the human body is an organic whole.3.The constituent parts of the human body are interdependent inphysiology and mutually influential in pathology.4.The holism permeates through the physiology, pathology, diagnosis,syndrome differentiation and treatment of diseases.5.Changes in the natural world directly or indirectly influence thehuman body.6.Qi and blood in the human body tend to flow to the exterior inspring and summer and to the interior in autumn and winter.7.The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externallyrelated to the small intestine.8.TCM has noticed that the fact that social activity psychologicallyinfluences human beings.9.According to TCM, the body and spirit coexist, interacting with eachother and influencing each other.10.Yang qi in the human body tends to flow to the exterior in thedaytime and to the interior at night.11.Regional differences, to some extent, influences the physiologicalactivities of the human body.12.Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changes at a certainstage during the course of a disease.13.Treatment based on syndrome differentiation, one of thecharacteristics of TCM, is the basic principle in TCM forunderstanding and treating diseases.14.Syndrome includes the location, cause and nature of a disease aswell as the state of pathogenic factors and healthy qi.15.Differentiation of syndrome and treatment of disease are twoinseparable aspects in diagnosing and treating diseases.16.Clinically doctors pay great attention to the differentiation ofdiseases. But therapeutically they care more about thedifferentiation of syndromes because diseases can be cured bytreating syndromes.17.Syndrome can comprehensively and accurately reveal the nature of adisease.18.Different diseases may demonstrate the same syndrome because of thesimilarity in pathogenesis.19.If the syndrome of middle qi sinking appears in two differentdiseases, they all can be treated by the therapeutic method for elevating middle qi.20.The treatment of diseases in TCM does not only simply concentrateon the difference or similarity of diseases, but on the difference or similarity of pathogenesis.第三课一．术语翻译1.philosophical concept2.mutual transformation3.balance of yin and yang4.transformation between yin and yang5.extreme cold turning into heat6.pathological changes7.absolute predominance8.general rule of pathogenesis9.supplementing what it lacks of10.eliminating wind and dispersing cold11.mutually inhibiting and promoting12.mutually inhibiting and restraining13.interdependence14.excess of yin leading to decline of yang15.contrary and supplementary to each otheranic whole17.impairment of yang involving yin18.deficiency of both yin and yang19.deficiency cold syndrome20.suppressing yang and eliminating wind三．句子翻译1.Yin and yang are two concepts in classical Chinese philosophy.2.Yin and yang are the summarization of the attributes of two oppositeaspects of interrelated things or phenomena in nature.3.The formation, development and changes of all things in the universeare the result of the movement of yin and yang that oppose to each other and unite with each other.4.The celestial qi pertains to yang because it is light and lucid,while the terrestrial qi pertains to yin because it is heavy and turbid.5.The course of mutual restraint and inhibition between yin and yangsignifies their progress in mutual reduction and promotion.6.Yin cannot exist alone without yang and vice versa.7.Separation of yin and yang results in exhaustion of essence.8.Only through constant reduction, growth and balance can the normaldevelopment of things be maintained.9.Under given conditions, either yin or yang may transform into itscounterpart.10.Sprout of things signifies transformation while extreme developmentof things indicates change.11.Yin and yang are indispensable the human body.12.Functions pertain to yang while substances to yin.13.If yin and yang fail to promote each other and are thus separatedfrom each other, it will lead to the end of life.14.No matter how complicated pathological changes of a disease are,they are nothing more than relative predominance of yin or yang. 15.The so-called healthy qi refers to the structure and functions ofthe body, including body resistance against diseases.16.If any part of the body, either yin or yang, becomes deficient to acertain extent, it will inevitably lead to insufficiency of the other part.17.Imbalance between yin and yang is the intrinsic factor responsiblefor the occurrence and progress of a disease.18.The manifestations of complexion can tell whether a diseasepertains to yin or yang in nature.19.The basic therapeutic principle is to supplement insufficiency andreduce excess.20.Only when appropriate herbs are chosen can excellent therapeuticeffects be ensured.第四课一．术语翻译1.the doctrine of five elements; the theory of five phases2.free development3.to be generated and to generate4.restraint in generation5.Wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally.6.Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.7.Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing.8.over restriction and counter-restriction9.Wood over restricts earth because it is deficient.10.promotion, restriction, inhibition and transformation11.disorder of a mother-organ involving its child-organ12.insufficiency of essence and blood in the liver and kidney13.blood deficiency in the heart and liver14.exuberant fire in the heart15.insufficiency of liver yin16.declination of kidney yang17.weakness of the spleen and stomach18.soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach19.insufficiency of kidney yin20.balance between water and fire二．句子翻译1.Wood, fire, earth, metal and water are the five most essentialmaterials indispensable to human existence.2.The formation of the theoretical system of TCM was deeply influencedby the doctrine of five elements.3.Water is characterized by moistening and downward flow.4.The liver pertains to wood because it controls elevation.5.The spleen pertains to earth because it controls transportation andtransformation.6.The kidney pertains to water because it controls water metabolism.7.Restriction implies that one thing brings under control or restraintof the other.8.Since wood generates fire, wood is the generator of fire; since firegenerates earth, fire is the generator of earth.9.Subjugation or over restriction means to launch a violent attackwhen a counterpart is weak.10.When wood is too strong, it will over restrict the spleen andcounter-restrict metal.11.Since the heart can warm the body, it pertains to fire.12.The liver stores blood to complement the liver.13.The kidney stores essence to nourish blood in the liver.14.The idea that the disorder of a child-organ attacks the mother-organs means that the disease is transmitted from a child-organ to its mother-organ.15.The human body is an organic whole. So disorders of the internalorgans can be manifested over the surface of the body.16.Restriction includes over restriction and counter-restriction, bothof which are abnormal restriction among the five elements.17.The basic relationships among the five elements are generation,restriction, over restriction and counter-restriction.18.The one that generates is the mother-element while the one that isbeing generated is the child-element.19.Clinically the doctrine of five elements is used to decidetherapeutic principles and methods.20.The doctrine of five elements obviously has certain limitations andis still in need of further improvement.第五课一．术语翻译1.藏象学说doctrine of visceral manifestations2.五脏六腑five zang-organs and six fu-organs3.奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs4.水谷精微nutrients of water and food5.传化水谷transmitting and transforming water and food6.贮藏精气storing essence7.表里关系internal and external relationship8.治疗效应therapeutic effects9.临床实践clinical practice10.藏而不泻storage without discharge11.泻而不藏discharge without storage12.形体诸窍physical build and various orifices13.开窍(of five zang-organs) open into14.精神情志spirit and emotions15.心藏神the heart storing spirit16.肺藏魄the lung storing corporeal soul17.肝藏魂the liver storing ethereal soul18.脾藏意the spleen storing consciousness19.肾藏志the kidney storing will20.其华在面the luster manifesting upon the face二．句子翻译1.藏象学说是研究人体各个脏腑的生理功能、病理变化及相互关系的学说。

中医英语参考答案中医英语参考答案中医学作为中国传统医学的重要组成部分，拥有悠久的历史和丰富的理论体系。

随着全球化的发展，越来越多的人对中医学产生了浓厚的兴趣。

然而，由于中医学的特殊性质，其中的术语和概念对于非中文母语的人来说可能会有一定的难度。

因此，有一套完整的中医英语参考答案对于促进中医学的国际传播和交流具有重要意义。

首先，中医英语参考答案应该包括对中医学的基本概念和原理的解释。

例如，中医学认为人体是一个有机整体，强调人与自然环境的相互关系。

这一概念可以用"holistic approach"来表达。

此外，中医学强调平衡和调节，认为健康是由于阴阳平衡的失调而引起的。

这一概念可以用"balance"或"harmony"来表达。

通过对这些基本概念的解释，使得非中文母语的人能够更好地理解中医学的核心理念。

其次，中医英语参考答案还应该包括对中医诊断方法和治疗方法的介绍。

中医的诊断方法包括望、闻、问、切四诊法，其中望诊是通过观察患者的面色、舌苔等来判断病情。

这一概念可以用"observation"来表达。

闻诊是通过听取患者的声音和气味来判断病情，这一概念可以用"auscultation"来表达。

问诊是通过与患者交流来了解病情，这一概念可以用"interrogation"来表达。

切诊是通过触摸患者的脉搏来判断病情，这一概念可以用"pulse diagnosis"来表达。

对于治疗方法，中医学采用了草药、针灸、推拿等多种疗法。

这些概念可以用"herbal medicine"、"acupuncture"和"massage"来表达。

通过对这些诊断和治疗方法的介绍，使得非中文母语的人能够更好地了解中医学的实践方法。

此外，中医英语参考答案还应该包括对中医药材和中药方剂的介绍。