主谓一致问题
编辑
一、一般某些有生命的集合名词（表示人或者动物），本身有单/复数之分。其为单数时，若作主语，则谓语可用单数/复数。主要依据说话者强调的重点而定，若强调许多个体，谓语用复数；若强调一个整体，则用单数。其为复数时，不言而喻，谓语必须用复数。注意：此类名词单复数的意义并不完全相同，汉译时一定要当心。如army（一国之军队），armies（多国部队）；couple（一对夫妇），couples（多对夫妇）；等。常见的此类集合名词有：army，association，audience，band，board，cast，clan，class，clique，club，college，committee，company，community，congregation（教民，会众），council（市议会，理事会），couple，crew，crowd，enemy，family，firm，fleet，flock，folk，gang，government，group，jury，kingdom ，mob（暴民，暴徒），navy，opposition，orchestra，pack，pair，party，personnel，profession，population，staff，school，team，tribe（部落，部民），union，university等。
1．The staff is/are hardworking．
2．The audience were moved to tears．
3．The lecturer draws large audiences．
4．The whole school was punished．
5．The class consists of 40 students．
6．This class are diligent．
7．The whole profession fight tooth andnail against it．
8．One tenth of the population of Egypt is/are Christian．
二、某些有生命的集合名词，本身无复数形式，作主语时，谓语通常用复数。常见的此类集合名词有：cattle，clergy，faculty（教职工），herd，mankind，military，militia （民团、民兵），people，police，poultry（家禽），swine（猪），vermin，womankind等。
9．There are three people waving at us．
10．The police haven't arrived yet．
11．There are verm in here．
12．Some people are never satisfied．
13．The police/military have surrounded the building．
【注】people作民族讲时有复数形式。如：There are 56 peoples in China．
三、某些有生命的集合名词，本身无复数形式，其后可跟单/复数谓语动词。常见的此类集合名词有：aristocracy，bourgeoisie（资产阶级），church，elite（精英），gentry，intelligentsia（知识分子），laity（外行），livestock，majority，minority，proletariat（无产阶级），offspring，public，swarm，youth等。
14．The youth today is /are better off than we used to be．
15．Her offspring is /are like her in every respect．
16．The intelligentsia are hailing Ranson as their spokesman．
【注】youth除了作集合名词以外，还可以作可数和不可数名词。如：
Youth is the tim e for action；age is the tim e for repose．
Som e youths don't like jazz．
四、某些表示国家、公司、机构、运动队等名称的专有名词也可当作集合名词使用，其后通常跟单/复数谓语动词。常见的此类集合名词有：Arsenal，BBC，Congress，Krem lin，Liverpool，Macm illan，Netherlands，Parliament，Pentagon，Vatican（梵蒂冈），White House等。
17．Arsenal is /are playing well in this season．
18．Macmillan have /has made a good profit this year．
19．The Seventy-First Congress was predominantly Republican．
20．The Netherlands has /have a monarchy．
21．The BBC is showing the program on Saturday．
22．Liverpool is leading 1—0．
23．Liverpool are attacking again．
五、某些无生命的集合名词（表示物）作主语时，通常被看成不可数名词，谓语用单数。常见的此类集合名词有：aircraft，baggage，clothing，crockery，cutlery（刀剪，餐具），equipment，foliage（树叶），footwear，furniture，glassware，hardware，hosiery，jewellery，luggage，machinery，merchandize，poetry，pottery，silverware，stationery，underclothing，underwear，vegetation，weaponry等。
24．All the furniture in my room is new．
25．The merchandize has arrived undamaged．
26．There is not much vegetation in deserts．
27．The equipment for the factory hasbeen shipped．
28．Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates．
29．The machinery is driven by electrici-ty．
主谓一致 姓 名：****** 班 级：英教七 班 学 号：********** “一致”指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。 主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”的方面的一致关系，这又叫“主—动一致”。 1. 指导原则 三种不同的原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则 1）语法一致 主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致。
如果名词中心词是复数，动词就该用复数形式；如果名词中心词不是复数，而是单数名词或不可数名词，动词便使用单数形式。这种一致关系叫做“语法一致”。 Both boys have their own merits（优点）. Few students are really lazy. Many people want to go. Two girls were standing on the corner. Each boy has his own book. Either answer is correct. Much effort is wasted. 2）意义一致和就近原则 有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义： 比如有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的动词便用复数； 反之，主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词也用单数。 这种一致关系叫做意义一致。 The government have asked the country to decide by a vote. Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me. Fifty-six dollars was stolen from the cash register（现金出纳机）. 有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语（主要指名词）的单、复数形式，这种一致关系所依据的原则叫做“就近原则”。Either my brothers or my father is coming. Only one out of five were present. No one except his own supporters agree with him. Neither Julia nor I am going. 2. 以-s 结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题
名词与主谓一致 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
专题七名词与主谓一致一、考情分析 近年来对名词的考查主要集中在名词词义辨析及并列主语的主谓一致上，其次是名词所有格、抽象名词和物质名词的具体化以及不定数量的词或词组与名词的搭配关系上。 考查考生在理解题干内容的基础上对词汇或语法知识的掌握情况，加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查。 二、名词的数 英语中大多数可数名词都可以通过加-s或–es的方法变为复数名词。不可数名词（抽象或物质）没有复数形式，专有名词一般只有单数形式，只有少数专有名词才有复数形式。 （一）规则变化 （二）一些特殊情况 1. 合成名词变为复数时，通常把主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，将最后一部分变为复数。如： Sons-in-law, passers-by, story-tellers,housewives等
2. family, team, class, group, government, crowd, audience等作主语时，如果作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数，如果看成成员，谓语动词用复数。 某些集体名词，如people, polic, youth, cattle等及clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses 作主语时，谓语用复数。若这类名词与a pair of 等词连用时，谓语动词往往用单数。 3. 单、复数同形的名词如means（方法）作主语时，应根据意义决定谓语动词的单复数。 4. 有些名词呈现了复数形式，如news,manners, politics, physics 等但并不表示复数概念。 5. 有些名词总是在使用时用其复数形式，如thanks, regards, congratulations, goods, works, tears, instructions, directions, respects 等。 6. 有些短语要求用名词复数形式. 如 make friends with shake hands with take pains to do sth. make both ends meet … （三）名词与表示数量的词或短语的搭配
集体名词作主语主谓一致 1)通常作复数的集体名词 集体名词,如:police, people,cattle,militia,poultry等, 通常作复数,用复数动词。如: Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides. 2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词 有些集体名词,如foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数。例如:All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词 集体名词,如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等,既可作单数,也可作复数用。 The city council is meeting to set its agenda. 4)a committee,etc. of +复数名词 如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成,随后的动词通常用单数。例如: A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter. 近义词辨析 tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn out 这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。 tired 可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息,还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。 Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫,一到家就上床睡觉去了。
（一）不可数名词 1以下几个以f 结尾的名词只加 s : roof-roofs （屋顶），belief-beliefs （信念）， proof-proofs （证明）。 注：还有不少名词复数形式是不规则变化的：如： Dutchme n 5）复合名词的复数形式因词而异，有下列四种变化，必须分别熟记。 a 、以可数名词结尾的复合名词，直接加 -s 。如： tooth-brushes , boy-frie nds , store-keepers , film-goers c 、以man 和woman 等为前缀的复合名词变复数形式时，则前后两部分都要变为复数形式。 女口： a woma n doctor-- three wome n doctors 注： a.有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。如： papers （报纸，文件），manners （礼貌），goods （货物），works （工厂），looks （外 表），glasses （眼镜），greens （青菜），hairs （（几根）头发），times （时代）， 名词和主谓一致 foot--feet tooth--teeth 2） 单、复数形式相同。如： a sheep-- two sheep 此外，还有 means, fish, works （ 制等单位的名词，如 yuan ， jiao child--childre n mouse--mice a deer-- three deer 工厂）,species （ 种类） ,fen , jin , mu 以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、币 goods （货物） glasses （眼镜） 谢） clothes （衣服） remains （遗物，遗 体） 录） trousers （裤子） gloves （手套） 裤） people dumpli ngs （饺 子） no odles police con gratulati ons （祝贺） （所有 物） compasses （圆规） thanks （感 ashes （灰） contents （目 scissor s （剪刀） jea ns （牛仔 doings savi ngs （行为） （储蓄） bel ongings 4）表示“某国人”的名词的单、复数形式因习惯不同而各异。 a 、 单复数形式相同： Chinese, Japanese, Vetnamese （ 越南人）,Swiss （ 瑞士人）,Portuguese （ b 、 力口 s 构成： America ns, Germa ns, Africa ns, Asia ns, Australia ns, Can adia ns, In dia ns, Belgians （比利时人）,Europeans （ 欧洲人）,Greeks, Swedes （ 瑞典人）,Arabs （ Hungarians （匈牙禾U 人）. c 、 改 man 为 men ： 葡萄牙人） 阿拉伯人）, an En glishma n-- four En glishme n a Fren chma n-- three Fren chme n
名词与主谓一致 1. Where and when to go for the on-salary holiday _____ yet. a. are not decided b. have not been decided c. is not being decided d. has not been decided 2. Mary is the only one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 3. Mary is one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 4. All life on our planet _____, in one way or another, upon the sun. a. depend b. depending c. depends d. depended 5. Whisky and soda _____ always my favorite drink. a. is b. was c. are d. were 6. Kate as well as her sisters _____ interest in studing Chinese. a. are b. take c. takes d. is 7. More than one graduate _____ sent to the hardest place since 1979. a. is b. are c. has been d. have been 8. The secretary of the Party branch and director of the factory often _____ with the workers. a. works b. work c. is working d. are working 9. His family _____ always quarrelling among _____. a. is; itself b. are; themselves c. is; themselves d. are; itself 10. Some folk _____ never _____ with the present situation. a. is; satisfying b. are; satisfied c. are; satisfying d. is; satisfied 11. Each of the students in our class _____ great interest in English and they each _____ a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary. a. shows; have b. have; has c. is; have d. takes; has 12. ---- _____ ypur clothes? ---- No, mine _____ hanging over there. a. Is it; is b. Are these; are c. Is it; are d. Are these; is 13. Either you or the headmaster _____ which student will go to attend that meeting. a. is not decided b. are to decided c. are deciding d. is to decided 14. All but one _____ here just now. a. is b. was c. has been d. were 15. Light and heat _____ often sent out together with heavy smoke. a. is b. was c. are d. being 16. No chair and no desk _____ permitted to be taken away from the reading room. a. are b. were c. is d. be 17. Strangely enough, a pair of new trousers _____ among the rubbish. a. were found b. was found c. found d. had found 18. Large quantities of fruit _____ all over the world from China today. a. is shipped b. are shipped c. has shopped d. have shipped 19. It _____ William and Carol who helped me the other day. a. has been b. are c. was d. were 20. Growing around the lake _____ wold flowers of different colors. a. is b. are c. has d. have
不可数名词集体名词不规则名词单复数 不可数名词集体名词不规则名词单复数 【不可数名词】 1、最常见的不可数名词有：advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic 2、其它不可数名词还有：absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labour, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, work（工作） 【集合名词】 有些集合名词， ommittee,council,crew,crowd,family,gang,government,gro up,mob,staff,team, union等，在意义上是复数，但在语法形式上是单数，这类名词作主语的主谓一致问题往往遵循
集合名词的主谓一致 篇一：集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题 集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题 1. 通常用作复数的集合名词 police(警察)，people(人)，cattle(牛，牲口)等集合名词，总是表示复数意义，用作主语时，其谓语要用复数： The police were after him. 警察正在追捕他。 People are beginning to talk about her. 人们开始议论她。 Cattle feed on grass. 牛吃草。 注goods(货物), clothes(衣服)只有复数形式，且只表示复数意义： Such clothes are very cheap. 那样的衣服很便宜。 All the goods have been sent to them. 所有的货物都给他们送去了。 2. 只用作单数的不可数集合名词 clothing(衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，machinery(机械)，scenery(景色)，jewellery(珠宝)，equipment(设备)等集合名词通常只用作不可数名词，表示单数意义，用作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式： Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。
All their baggage was stolen. 他们所有的行李都被偷了。 The furniture is convenient to move. 这家具搬起来很方便。 All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 这个工厂所有的机器都是中国产的。 3. 既可表示单数意义也可表示复数意义的集合名词 family(家庭)，team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会)，audience(听众)，public(公众)等集合名词，当它们表示整体意义时，表单数意义，当它们强调个体意义时，表示复数意义：Her family is a large one. 她的家庭是一个大家庭。 Her family are all tall. 她的一家人都很高。 The team is the best in the league. 这个队在联赛中打得最好。 The football team are having baths. 足球队队员们在洗澡。 It was late, but the audience was increasing. 时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。 The audience were all moved to tears. 听众都感动得流了泪。 注有时没有特定的语境，用单复数谓语均可以： The audience was (were) very excited by the show. 观众对演出甚感激动。 The public has (have) a right to know what’s in the report. 公众有权知道这篇报告的内容。
主谓一致的讲解 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即名词单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数 1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold. 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are playing tennis. 3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. 关于保护环境的法律法规已经起草完成。 The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好 War and peace is a constant theme in history 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题 注意;常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer 一副杯碟 A horse and cart 马车 A knife and fork 一副刀叉
主谓一致用法归纳 一、名词作主语 ◇family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语 1.若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。His family is a happy one. His family isn’t large. 2.若指其中一个个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。My family all like watching TV. ◇people, police, cattle等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 The police are searching for the thief. People here are very friendly. ◇“the+姓氏复数”表示一对夫妇或一家人时，谓语一般用复数。The Smiths are having dinner. ◇“the+形容词”这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich,the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the injured,the wounded,the unemployed等。 1.表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 2.表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。The beautiful lives forever.美是永存的。 ◇以-s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式。 No news is good news. Maths (physics) is very popular in our class ◇more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 ◇表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。Three years has passed since then. Two months is a long holiday. Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. Ten miles isn’t a long distance. Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。 ◇a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数； A number of famous people were invited to party. A number of students have gone home. 2.the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
名词和主谓一致 （一）名词的数 名词分为不可数名词和可数名词两大类 1．不可数名词 不可数名词一般没有单复数之分，它包括专有名词，物质名词和抽象名词，例如：health，advice，glass，wood，English，America。 （2）表示学科名称的以-es结尾的名词常用作单数，例如：mathematics，physics。 （3）某些以-s结尾指单一事物的专有名词常用作单数，例如：the United States，the United Nations 2．可数名词 可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词，有单，复数形式，复数名词构成方法如下：（1）一般情况在名词后加-s，在清辅音（s，∫，t∫除外）后读[s]，在浊辅音后读[z]，在s，z，∫，t∫等辅音后读[iz]，例如：desks，days，classes。 （2）以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词后加es，读作[iz]，例如： bus-buses watch-watches box-boxes brush-brushes 但是stomach-stomachs （3）以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词后加-es，读作[z]，例如：hero-heroes tomato-tomatoes 但不少以-o结尾的外来词，变复数时只加-s，如：radio—radios，photo—photos，piano —pianos 有些以-o结尾的名词有两种复数形式，如：zero—zeros（zeroes），volcano—volcanos （volcanoes）火山 所以-oo结尾的名词只加-s，如： Bamboo-bamboos，zoo-zoos （4）“辅音+y”结尾的名词，把y改成i再加-es，读作[iz]，例如： Factory-factories，country-countries （5）以“元音+y”结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，直接在词尾加-es，读作[z]，例如： Boys，toys，Henrys等。 （6）以-f结尾的名词，一般把“f”或“fe”改成“v”再加-es，读作[vz]，例如： Leaf—leaves，life—lives 但是，roof—roofs，chief—chiefs，gulf—gulfs，serf—serfs等例外 （8）不规则变化 ①改变单数名词中的元音字母，或其他形式，例如： Foot—feet，child—children，mouse—mice] ②单，复数形式相同，例如： A sheep—two sheep，a deer—four deer 此外还有means，fish，works，以及由汉语音译表示度量衡，币制等单位的名词，yuan （圆），jiao（角），fen（分），jin（斤）等 ③只有复数形式，例如： Trousers glasses compasses thanks clothes remains ashes contents goods ④表示“某国人”名词的单，复数形式因习惯不同而各异，例如： A Chinese-two Chinese a Japanese-two Japanese 这类词包括所有以-ese或-ss结尾的民族名称，如Swiss，Portuguese等
一、如果主语是不可数名词, 动名词, 不定式或从句的时候, 谓语动词用单数. Smoking is not a good habit. To live happily needs a lot of things. What I said is true. 二、如果由and 连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候, 用单数动词. The singer and songwriter is dead. The science and technology plays an important part in China. Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients. “War and Peace ” is the best book I have ever read. 如果由and 连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, manya /an, no 的时候用单数名词. Every boy and girl in the class works very hard. Each minute and second is valuable to us.
三、主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的时候, 谓语动词用单数. Jack with his family wants to go to China. He, as well as you, is very honest. No one but I is a student. Her brother, together with his wife and children, was killed in the accident. The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible. 四、由some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词(sb,sth---) 和each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing 做主语的时候, 谓语动词用单数. Each of you is cleverer than me. Neither student has passed the exam. Is anybody here 五、b oth, few, a few, several, many 的以及others 做主语
2012年高考英语真题单项选择分类集锦——名词和主谓一致 1 (2012全国卷II)19. The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ___ in this city. A. quality B. progress C. production D. demand 2 (2012天津卷)3. You were working too hard. You’d better keep a ________between work and relaxation. A. promise B. lead C. balance D. diary 3 (2012江苏卷) 21. —Can I help you with it? — I appreciate your ________, but I can manage it myself. A. advice B. question C. offer D. idea 4 (2012湖北卷)29. It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ________. A. symptom B. similarity C. sample D. shadow 5 (2012湖北卷)30. The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct ________ in applying for a visa. A. pattern B. procedure C. program D. perspective 6 (12湖南卷)35. All the scientific evidence___that increasing use of chemicals in farming___damaging our health. A. show；are B. shows；are C. show；is D. shows；is 7 (2012福建卷)25.— Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? — Well, you know, English is my _____. So it is my best choice. A. strength B. talent C. ability D. skill 8 (2012陕西卷)12.The basketball coach, as well as his team, ______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. A. were B. was C. is D. are 9 (2012山东卷)24. My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. A. expression B. attention C. satisfaction D. impression 10 (2012四川卷)15. He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It’s just a matter of ________. A. luck B. value C. time D. fact 11 (2012江西卷)29．You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future . A．purpose B．reference C．progress D．memory 12 (2012浙江卷)7.Your as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
专四语法考点 名词与主谓一致（2） 七．主谓一致 主谓一致（subject-verb agreement）指主语与谓语“人称“和“数”方面的一致关系。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系有以下三个原则支配：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。 1.不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时应视为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；但如果主语为and 连接的连个不定式、动名词以及从句时，谓语用复数形式。 Reading often means learning.阅读经常意味着学习。 To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨朗读英语有许多好处。 Having enough sleep and doing regular exercises are beneficial to your health.睡眠充足和经常运动有益身心。 2.挡住育有安定链接，表示同一个人、统一无、同一事或者同一概念时，谓语动词用单数， 此时and连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 The composer and singer was well received by audience.那个作家兼歌星受到了听众的认可。 3.由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each，every，many，a（n），no时，谓语动词 用单数。 No teacher and (no)student was here.没有一个老师和学生在这里。 4.each，every，each and every，either，neither，one，another，little，a little和much作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词永远是单数。 Each of us has a tape-recorder.我们每个人都有一台录音机 注意：“复数主语+each”之后用复数动词。 Five each of these items are required.这些项目中有五项都是必须的。 5.everyone，everybody，everything，anyone，anybody，anything，someone，somebody， something，no one，nobody，nothing作主语时，谓语用单数。 There is something wrong with my watch.我的表有问题。 6.none，some，any，more，most，all等代词作主语时，动词的单复数由其代词的单复 数决定。 All is right.所有的都对了。 All are present.全部都到齐了 7.“all，none，most，majority，part，enough，some，one half，the rest，the remainder， a position等+of…”短语，或者more than…作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式通常由所 修饰的名词、代词的数决定。 When enough of the tree is chopped away ,the tree falls.如果一棵树砍去多的部分，树就会倒下。 Enough of the data have been collected.已经收集了足够多的数据。（data为datum的复数形式） More than one person is going to lose his job.不止一个人会失去工作。 More than 500 people are going to lose their jobs.500人会失去工作。 8.当中心词为度量、距离、时间、价格等复数名词的时候，谓语动词用单数形式。 Two miles is a short distance.两英里路很近。 9.一般来说，不可数名词及可数名词单数的谓语动词用单数，可数名词复数的谓语用动 词复数，但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
第三讲主谓一致 概说：“一致”指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系，这又叫“主—动一致”。主语和随后的动词词组（即谓语动词）之间的一致关系对中国学生来说，掌握上往往有一定的困难，因为这种一致关系为三种不同的原则所支配，即语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。 重点：主谓一致的指导原则 难点：主谓一致实际应用 内容： “一致”指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系，这又叫“主—动一致”。 1.1 指导原则 主语和随后的动词词组（即谓语动词）之间的一致关系对中国学生来说，掌握上往往有一定的困难，因为这种一致关系为三种不同的原则所支配，即语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。 1．语法一致 主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致。如果名词中心词是复数，动词就该用复数形式；如果名词中心词不是复数，而是单数名词或不可数名词，动词便用单数形式。这种一致关系叫做“语法一致”。 Every girl comes on time. Both boys have their own merits. 2．意义一致 有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义：比如有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的动词便用复数；反之，主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词也用单数。这种一致关系叫做意义一致。 The government have asked the country to decide by a vote. Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me. 3．就近原则 有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语（主要指名词）的单、复数形式，这种一致关系所依据的原则叫做“就近原则”。 Either my brothers or my father is coming. Only one out of five were present.