英语语言学练习题
Ⅰ. Matching
Match each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B.
Column A
1.displacement
ngue
3.suprasegmental
feature
4.deep structure
5.predication
analysis
6.idiolect
7.pidgin
8.mistakes
9.interlanguage 10.motivation
11.arbitrariness
petence
13.broad
transcription
14.morphology
15.category
16.errors
ponential
analysis
18.context
19.blending
20.culture
21.learning
strategies
22.selectional
restrictions
23.phrase structure
rules
24.culture
diffusion
Column B
A.Learners’ independent system of the second language, which is
of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 9
B.Learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive,
having a strong impact on his efforts n learning a second language.
21
C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories.
23
D.Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture
B and become part of culture B. 24
E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines
elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations.
6
F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it
is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7
G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of
predications into their constituents---- arguments and predicates. 5
H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what
others. 22
I.The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s
subcategorization properties. 4
J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments.
3
K.The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14
L.The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2
nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1
N.Learner’s conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10
O.The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20
P.The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18 Q.The way of word formation by which new words may be formed by combining parts of other words. 19
R. A group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language, such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. 15
S. A way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. This approach believes that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components. 17
T.The ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language. 12 U.One of the properties of human language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. 11
V. A way to transcribe speech sounds with letter-symbols only. 13 W.They reflect gaps in a learner’s knowledge of the target language, not self-corrigible. 16
X.They reflect occasional lapses in performance. 8
Ⅱ.Blank-filling.
Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.
1.“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” This quotation
is a good illustration of the a____ nature of language.
Arbitrary
2.The description of a language at some point of time in history
is a synchronic study; the description of a language as it changes through time is a d____ study. Diachronic
3.Chomsky defines c____ as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules
of his language, and performance the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. Competence
4.In the production of vowels the air stream coming from the lungs
