英汉翻译教案 Unit 1 翻译标准

E. 宋天锡: 三大标准: 共核标
准、个性标准、理想标准 共核标准 信息传真:饱满而准确; 风格 再现, 译什么像什么；可读性 好：增彩不增意；
翻译有“标准”, 却又没有标准;
仁者见仁, 智者见智
请点击并学习相关内容： 翻译的标准与条件：
Process of Translation
3.Scope of Translation
1)in terms of languages:
2)in terms of the mode:
3)in terms of materials to be
translated: 4)in terms of disposal: (full-text translation, abridged translation, adapted translation)
妄自菲薄 2)underestimate one’s own capabilities
3)commit the same error 重蹈覆辙
目空一切 5) miss a good chance 错失良机 6) fellow sufferers 难兄难弟 7)make a superficial change 换汤不换药
Literal translation and free translation
“所谓直译，就是在译文语言条 件许可时，在译文中既持原文 的内容，又保持原文的形式— —特别是指明保持原文的比喻、 形象和民族、地方色彩等。但 直译不是死译或硬译。”（张 培基等1980：13）
Literal translation and free translation a. Hitler was armed to the teeth when he launched the Second World War. b. People ridicule poverty but not prostitute. 笑贫不笑娼 c. The thieves tried to fish in the troubled water after the disaster. 混水摸鱼

Why
?
My Understanding
A language activity: one of the five skills in


learning English An art: the processes as well as the product Communication: translation or die Job: for some people, it is a job Subject: to learn translation theory and skills, it is no doubt a science. Translation is also a good way to develop your own language, both native and foreign language.
th 19
) customs( You look darker after the holidays) 5) social politics (It’s mere propaganda 造谣惑众) 6) culture: dragon/dog
4
6. Basic theories
A.翻译的标准
C. Fu Lei’s (傅雷) spiritual conformity （神
似) D. Qian Zhongshu (钱钟书)’s sublimed （升华了的） adaptation (化境) E. 鲁迅：翻译：一当然力求其易解,一则保 存原作的丰姿。反对牛头不对马嘴，提出 “宁信而不顺”之原则。
B. 翻译的过程
C. 翻译的技巧
D. 表达方法

直译与意译 (具体操作方法)
翻ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu的标准
A. Yan Fu’s (严复) “three character
guide”, which was first proposed in 1898, is the principle of “faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance” (信、达、 雅). “译事三难：信、达、雅” B. Some revisions such as faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness (信、达、 切); faithfulness, expressiveness and fitness (信、达、贴),
A. Preparation: basic knowledge about both
languages as well as the background knowledge; basic skills in translation are necessary; B. Comprehension: understanding accurately the meaning of the source language; How? C. Expression: try to express the meaning in idiomatic Chinese; D. Revision: (proofread) check again and again to polish the language.
教学目标: 能够了解翻译的历史、
翻译的标准、
范畴、
具体的翻译方法。
1. What is translation

Discuss with your partners: How do you perceive translation? As a language activity? As an art? As a kind of cross-cultural communication? As a job? As a subject?
4) full of conceit
8) The dishes from Chinese
cuisine are meant to be both visually appealing and flavorous. 中国菜色香味俱全。 9） The evil which they did lives after them. // 他们所做的坏事将遗臭万年。 Reading: P1---51.
4. Requirements of Translation
1)to master the languages skilfully;
2)to have a lot of exposure to both
FL and L1; 3)Practise makes perfect 4)vital importance of general knowledge; (吕叔湘把翻译称为“杂学”)
不必担心太早.
直译意译
http://www.maplesky.net/data/2005/0926/arti
cle_1151.htm
Exercises:
Translate the following, using idiomatic Chinese: 1)extremely urgent 十万火急
2. History of Translation in China
1)佛经翻译时期，从东汉开始至唐宋，
1000余年（鸠摩罗什 ，真谛，玄奘） 2）明朝后期：传教士 重要人物：徐光启、林纾、严复 3）中国近代翻译史：“五四”运动是 分水岭； 重要人物：鲁迅、瞿秋白 4）繁荣阶段：新中国的成立
I never had much in seeing you. There
was no love lost between us at any time. We grumble a little now and then, to be sure. But there’s no love lost between us. The lights went out suddenly. We must have a break somewhere. Well, let’s have a break and enjoy our
Skills in translation
Appropriate choice of words and
expressions: Division and combination; Omission and amplification; Conversion Repetition Negative vs Affirmative ---
b) logical relationship: When he was a young fellow
in the sixties, he became a famous chemical scientist. c) deep structure of the source language Last night, I heard him driving his pigs to market.
You will have to:

read more; practice more; think more; discuss more
5.Background knowledge and translation
1)history background: “pen”
in the century 2)geographical environment: carry coals to Newcastle 3)Religion: talk of the devil, and he’s sure to appear
a.) word meaning in context:
维特根斯坦（1953：31）：
The meaning of a word is its use in
the language. 一个词的意义就是它在语言中的运用。 Hymes (1972: xix ) points out, “The key to understanding language in context is to start not with language, but with context.”
discussions,
practice
course book
Reference Books:
范仲英， 《实用翻译教程》， 外语 教学研究出版社，1994。 黄洋楼，《英汉互译实用技巧》，华 南理工大学出版社，2003。 张培基等，《英汉翻译教程》。 Useful Websites: http://www.chinatranslation.net/ http://www.chinatranslate.net
Unit 1 翻译标准
WELCOME TO THE
WORLD OF TRANSLATION
Begin by a story:
Tower of Babel
Outline of the Course
Teaching schedule Methods: lectures,
presentations,
意译是指按照原文的句子结构
翻译，所得译文不符合汉语习 惯的情况下，重新组织句子结 构，即舍形式而取内容，用贴 切的译入语准确传达原作的意 义。（赵桂华2002：31）
意译:舍形式取内容 Cast pearls before swine. 对牛弹琴 Do you see any green in my eye? 你以为我是好欺骗的妈？ Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it.