非谓语动词(基础讲解)
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非谓语动词讲解归纳非谓语动词是指在句子中充当谓语的动词形式,不具备人称和数的变化,也不与主语保持一致。
常见的非谓语动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词。
下面我将对这三种非谓语动词进行讲解和归纳。
1. 动词不定式:动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,一般由“to + 动词原形”构成,例如:"to read","to eat"。
动词不定式的用法:a. 作主语:To travel is my dream.(旅行是我的梦想)b. 作宾语:I want to eat an apple.(我想吃一个苹果)c. 作补语:Her dream is to become a doctor.(她的梦想是成为一名医生)d. 作定语:We need someone to help us.(我们需要有人帮助我们)2. 动名词:动名词是将动词变为名词的一种形式,一般以-ing结尾,例如:"reading","writing"。
动名词的用法:a. 作主语:Reading is my hobby.(读书是我的爱好)b. 作宾语:I enjoy swimming in the summer.(我喜欢夏天游泳)c. 作定语:I have a writing notebook.(我有一个写作笔记本)d. 作表语:Her favorite activity is dancing.(她最喜欢的活动是跳舞)3. 分词:分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,一般以-ing或-ed结尾,分别称为现在分词和过去分词,例如:"running","cooked"。
分词的用法:a. 现在分词作定语:The running water is very clean.(流动的水很干净)b. 过去分词作定语:The cooked chicken smells delicious.(煮熟的鸡肉闻起来很香)c. 分词作伴随状语:Hearing the news, she smiled happily.(听到消息,她高兴地笑了)需要注意的是,非谓语动词的形式可以有时态和语态的变化,如不定式可以有完成和进行的形式,动名词可以有进行和完成的形式,分词可以有进行、完成和被动的形式。
英语语法非谓语动词讲解超全超实用在英语语法中,非谓语动词是指在句子中不能独立充当谓语,而是通过与其他词语搭配来发挥作用的动词形式。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
本文将对这三种非谓语动词进行详细的讲解,帮助读者更好地理解和运用。
一、动词不定式1.定义和形式:动词不定式是由动词原形加上"to"构成的形式,表示不完整的动作或状态。
例如:to eat, to dance。
2.用途和功能:(1)作主语:动词不定式可以作为句子的主语,常放在句首。
例如:To learn a new language is challenging.(2)作宾语:动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语,表示动作的目的或意图。
例如:I want to learn English.(3)作表语:动词不定式可以作为系动词的表语,表示身份、偏好、目的等。
例如:Her dream is to become a doctor.(4)作定语:动词不定式可以修饰名词或代词,起到进一步说明或限定的作用。
例如:The best way to improve English is to practice more.(5)作状语:动词不定式可以表示时间、目的、方式等状语的作用。
例如:I went to the park to relax.3.特殊用法:(1)省略to:在某些情况下,不定式的to可以省略,例如在助动词let、make、help等后面。
例如:Let me go.(2)动词不定式的时态:动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,但可以根据不同的时间来使用不同的时态。
例如:I want to go shopping.(现在时态)I wanted to go shopping.(过去时态)二、动名词1.定义和形式:动名词是由动词加上-ing构成的形式,可以作为名词使用。
例如:swimming, running。
2.用途和功能:(1)作主语:动名词可以作为句子的主语,常放在句首。
⾮谓语动词⽤法详细讲解⾮谓语动词⽤法详解动词的⾮谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词(⼀)不定式不定式由“to⼗动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to do ” ?不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有⼈称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化?不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语?不定式的逻辑主语有时⽤“for⼗名词或代词宾格”构成.1 ?不定式的⽤法:1)作主语.不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,⽤it作形式主语?例如:To see is to believe .It is right to give up smok ing2)作宾语.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补⾜语。
往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补⾜语之后,⽽⽤it作形式宾语.例如:He wan ted to go .I find it interesting to study work with him.3)作宾语补⾜语.例如:He asked me to do the work with him.注意 :在feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice, observe,see,watch,have, let,make等词后的补⾜语中,不定式不带to.但是这些句⼦如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to.例如I ofte n hear him sing the songHe is ofte n heard to sing the song注意:不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后⾯时,如果这些介词之前有⾏为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to.⼥⼝:She could do nothing but cry.What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go .动词help之后,带to或不带to都可以。
非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词:done二、三种形式的含义(基本用法)不定式:表示目的和将来;动词的ing:表示主动和进行;过去分词:表示被动和完成。
三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have beendoneing 形式主动doing having done被动being done having beendone过去分词被动done四、非谓语动词的否定形式五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构:for / of sb. to do sth.动词ing 形式的复合结构:宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时,用的所有格+doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1. 找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
2、判断主被动关系。
方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
3、判断时间关系。
方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时,建议把三种形式一起来比较学习,会更加有效一些。
一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如:________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为,用动名词作主语,选 Bb. 不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s useless doing sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。
(完整版)动词的非谓语动词形式讲解动词的非谓语动词形式讲解(完整版)非谓语动词指的是不具备人称和数的特征,不能独立做谓语,而需要与其他词语搭配使用的动词形式。
中文的非谓语动词形式主要有动词不定式、动名词和分词。
以下是对这三种非谓语动词形式的详细讲解:1. 动词不定式(Infinitive)动词不定式是表示动作或状态的一种形式,一般由动词原形前加上"to"构成。
动词不定式在句中可以担任主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。
示例:- 主语:To travel is my dream.(旅行是我的梦想。
)To travel is my dream.(旅行是我的梦想。
)- 宾语:I want to learn Chinese.(我想学中文。
)to learn Chinese.(我想学中文。
)- 表语:His hobby is to play the piano.(他的爱好是弹钢琴。
)to play the piano.(他的爱好是弹钢琴。
)- 定语:She needs a place to live.(她需要一个住的地方。
)to live.(她需要一个住的地方。
)- 状语:I went there to see the exhibition.(我去那里看展览。
)to see the exhibition.(我去那里看展览。
)2. 动名词(Gerund)动名词是动词的一种形式,以-ing结尾表示动作或状态,相当于名词,可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。
示例:- 主语:Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益。
)Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益。
)- 宾语:He enjoys reading books.(他喜欢读书。
)reading books.(他喜欢读书。
)- 表语:His favorite activity is singing.(他最喜欢的活动是唱歌。
非谓语动词的种类及用法讲解非谓语动词是指不具备人称和数的特征,不受时态和语态的限制,并且不能独立充当句子的谓语成分的动词形式。
它们可以用作主语、定语、状语、宾语等,起到丰富句子结构和表达方式的作用。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。
本文将对这几种非谓语动词的种类及用法进行详细的讲解。
一、动词不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,一般由“to + 动词原形”构成。
它具有虚拟性,不受人称和数的限制,常用作句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。
下面分别来讲解它们的用法。
1. 作主语To learn a foreign language is beneficial to personal development.(学习一门外语对个人发展有益。
)2. 作宾语I want to buy a new car.(我想买一辆新车。
)3. 作表语Her dream is to become a doctor.(她的梦想是成为一名医生。
)4. 作定语I have a book to read.(我有一本书要读。
)5. 作状语He went to the library to study.(他去图书馆学习。
)二、动名词动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,一般由动词的-ing形式构成。
它可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等,但不能用作动词的宾补。
下面逐一介绍它们的用法。
1. 作主语Swimming is good exercise.(游泳是一项好运动。
)2. 作宾语I enjoy reading novels.(我喜欢读小说。
)3. 作表语His hobby is playing basketball.(他的爱好是打篮球。
)4. 作定语She bought a running shoe.(她买了一双跑步鞋。
)5. 作状语He broke his leg while skiing.(他在滑雪时摔断了腿。
非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b.动名词 c.分词( 现在分词过去分词)概述:1.谓语动词:在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词:是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.动词不定式一.动词不定式的时态和被动形式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。
不定式的形式有五种:1.一般式to do 例如:I like to read English.2.进行式to be doing 例如:He seemed to be reading something at that time.3.完成式to have done 例如:He seemed to have cleaned the room.4.被动式to be done 例如:The work is to be done soon.5.完成被动式to have been done例如:The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.二. 动词不定式的用法I.作主语(1)不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。
To see is to believe.Not to get there in time is your fault.(2)注:常用it做形式主语,将to do放在位于之后,使句子保持平衡。
句型1:It + 谓语+ to do It takes us an hour _to__ get there by bus.句型2:It’s + n. + to do It’s our duty _to_ help the poor.It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the mountains.句型3:It is + adj + for sb to do sth(是形容事物的性质的)It is + adj + of sb to do sth(是形容人的品质的)It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.It is very kind of you to give me some help.It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.II.作宾语接不定式做宾语I want to know this matter.I don’t expect to meet you here(1)常见动词有:like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem,intend, forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan, afford, wish等They wanted _to get___( get ) on the bus, didn’t they? He said he wished __to be____( be ) a professor.(2)it作形式宾语I find/feel to work with him interesting .I find/feel it interesting to work with him.Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider… it+adj/n + to do sth.1.We thought _it__ better __to_ start early.2.Do you consider _it__ better not _to_ go?3. I feel _it_ my duty _to_ change all that.4.We think it __ important _ to _ obey the law.5.I know _ it _ impossible _ to _ finish so much homework in a day.(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain, know, discover,He taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book.I haven't decided whether to go or stay.下列词接动名词和不定式均可,但意义不同的动词:stop to do 停下来去做stop doing 停止做forget to do 忘记要做forget doing 忘记做过remember to do 记得要做remember doing 记得做过regret to do 遗憾要做regret doing 后悔做过try to do 企图做,尽力做try doing 试着做go on to do 继续做(另一件事)go on doing 继续做(同一件事)mean to do 打算做mean doing 意味做In some parts of London, missing a bus means _A______ for another hour.A waitingB to waitingC waitD to be waitingBoys, don't forget _D____ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to closeShe reached the top of the hill and stopped __C_____ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. restRemember _A______ the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off(4)在cannot but, cannot choose/help but 之后接不带to的不定式I have no choice but __to wait_____.(wait)“前有do,后无to”I can’t do anything but _go______ (go )out with her.III.作宾语补足语1. I’ll get someone _to__ repair the recorder for you.2. What caused him _to__ change his mind?advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish , want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, request+sb. to do注意:(1)在动词feel (一感),hear, listen to(二听),have, let, make(三让),notice, see, watch, observe, look at(五看)(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。
非谓语动词讲解(超全非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式,包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
与主谓结构不同,非谓语动词可在句子中作状语、定语或表语。
在英语中,非谓语动词的形式是相对固定的,但在不同的语法环境中所表示的意义和用法有所差异。
1. 动词不定式(to-infinitive)动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。
例如:- 宾语:I want to go to the zoo.(我想去动物园。
)- 主语:To speak English fluently is important for your career.(流利地说英语对你的事业很重要。
)- 状语:He went to the store to buy some groceries.(他去商店买了些杂货。
)- 定语:She needs a pen to write her essay.(她需要一支笔来写作文。
)2. 动名词(gerund)动名词是将动词加上-ing构成,常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。
例如:- 宾语:I enjoy reading books in my spare time.(我闲暇时喜欢读书。
)- 主语:Swimming is good exercise.(游泳是很好的锻炼。
)- 状语:She left the party early, feeling tired.(她因为感觉累了,所以提前离开了聚会。
)- 定语:The crying baby woke up the whole neighborhood.(哭闹的婴儿把整个邻居都吵醒了。
)3. 现在分词(present participle)现在分词由动词原形加上-ing构成,常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。
例如:- 宾语:He enjoys playing soccer on weekends.(他喜欢周末踢足球。
)- 主语:Listening to music helps me relax.(听音乐帮助我放松。
非谓语动词【真题再现】1. —Some children can't afford ________ necessary stationary. (2014 扬州)—Let's donate our pocket money to them.A. buyB. buyingC. to buyD. be bought2. My parents always tell me ________ more vegetables and fruit. (2014 北京)A. eatB. eatingC. eatsD. to eat3. Spring Bud Project is an organization that raises money ________ poor young girls return to school. (2014 镇江)A. to saveB. savingC. helpingD. to help4. Granny often tells us ________ water in our daily life.(2014 泰安)A. saveB. savingC. to saveD. saves5. Tom’s mother told him ________ eating too much meat.(2014黔西南州)A. stoppingB. to stopC. stopsD. stopped6. —Hey guys, Chinese way of ________ the road is verydangerous. You must wait for the green lights on. (2014 昆明)— Thank you for your advice, sir.A. goingB. walkingC. crossingD. passing7. —What else should we pay attention to ________ building the bridge?(2014 淮安)-The change of the weather, I think.A. finishB. finishedC. to finishD. finishing8. —Tom, why are you in such a hurry?(2014黑龙江省龙东地区)-Oh, my bike is broken, I’m going to have it ________.A. repairingB. repairedC. to repair9. The WWF is working hard __________ the animals in danger.(2015 南宁)A.save B.to save C.saves D.saved10. Sarah, you’d better drink more water after __________ for sucha long time. (2015 广州)A. runB. runsC. to runD. running11. This sign is used ________ tourists to stay away from the lion in the zoo.(2015 南通)A.to warn B.to warning C.to make D.to making12. Thanks to the robots, the human reporters do not have to spend alot of time _______ boring numbers and information.(2015 临沂) A.processing B.to process C.processedD.process13. My friend invited me __________ the art club, and I accepted it with pleasure.(2015 上海)A. joinB. to joinC. joinedD. joining14. Martin was so busy __________the old that he gave up his part-time job.(2015 上海)A. helpingB. helpedC. to helpD. help15.The traffic signs warn people after drinking. (2015 青岛)A. to driveB. not to driveC. drivingD. don’t drive【用法讲解】考试要求:非谓语动词中考考查的重点有:1. it 作形式主语、宾语的用法;2. 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的用法;3. 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用;4. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to,但变为被动语态时就要带to;5. 有些动词既可以接不定式也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语,但是表达的意思不同。
1. 动词不定式(1)动词不定式的构成:不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。
(2)动词不定式的句法功能:1)不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,其结构为:It + be + adj. +(for/of sb.)+动词不定式。
如:To learn English well is useful.→It is useful to learn English well.学好英语很有用。
It’s important for us to protect the environment.保护环境对我们来说很重要。
注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。
如:It’s very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。
It’s very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦!2)不定式作宾语①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:would like,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。
如:Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看电影吗?②在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末。
如:I find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语很容易。
③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式why not do...,why don’t you do...,had better(not) do...,would rather do,could/would/will you please(not) do...如:I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。
3)不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
如:tell,ask,want,allow,get,would like,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如:Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西让他关小收音机。
My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
注意:还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。
这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice),但变被动语态时,必须加上to。
如:My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。
4)不定式作定语①不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。
它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
②如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
如:There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。
5)不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,相当于一个宾语从句。
如:The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉学生们做什么。
He didn’t know where to go.他不知道去哪里。
(where to go=where he should go)2. 动名词(1)动名词构成:一般由“动词原形+ -ing”构成。
(2)动名词的句法功能:注意:英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。
初中阶段常见的有:finish,enjoy,mind,miss,be worth,be busy,practice,have fun,have trouble/problem(in),spend...(in),feel like,be used to(习惯于),give up,keep on,consider,suggest,can’t help可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词:完成实践值得忙(finish,practice,be worth,be busy)继续习惯别放弃(keep on,be used to,give up)考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can’t help,feel like)喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)3. 分词(1)分词的构成:分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
现在分词的基本形式由“动词+-ing”构成;过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”,但也有不规则的形式。
(2)分词的句法功能:。